2 * QEMU PC System Emulator
4 * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
6 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
13 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
30 #include "audio/audio.h"
36 #include "hpet_emul.h"
43 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
46 /* Show multiboot debug output */
47 //#define DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
49 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
50 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
51 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
53 #define PC_MAX_BIOS_SIZE (4 * 1024 * 1024)
55 /* Leave a chunk of memory at the top of RAM for the BIOS ACPI tables. */
56 #define ACPI_DATA_SIZE 0x10000
57 #define BIOS_CFG_IOPORT 0x510
58 #define FW_CFG_ACPI_TABLES (FW_CFG_ARCH_LOCAL + 0)
59 #define FW_CFG_SMBIOS_ENTRIES (FW_CFG_ARCH_LOCAL + 1)
60 #define FW_CFG_IRQ0_OVERRIDE (FW_CFG_ARCH_LOCAL + 2)
64 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
65 static RTCState *rtc_state;
67 static PCII440FXState *i440fx_state;
69 typedef struct rom_reset_data {
71 target_phys_addr_t addr;
75 static void option_rom_reset(void *_rrd)
77 RomResetData *rrd = _rrd;
79 cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(rrd->addr, rrd->data, rrd->size);
82 static void option_rom_setup_reset(target_phys_addr_t addr, unsigned size)
84 RomResetData *rrd = qemu_malloc(sizeof *rrd);
86 rrd->data = qemu_malloc(size);
87 cpu_physical_memory_read(addr, rrd->data, size);
90 qemu_register_reset(option_rom_reset, rrd);
93 typedef struct isa_irq_state {
98 static void isa_irq_handler(void *opaque, int n, int level)
100 IsaIrqState *isa = (IsaIrqState *)opaque;
103 qemu_set_irq(isa->i8259[n], level);
106 qemu_set_irq(isa->ioapic[n], level);
109 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
113 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
114 static qemu_irq ferr_irq;
115 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
116 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
118 qemu_irq_raise(ferr_irq);
121 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
123 qemu_irq_lower(ferr_irq);
127 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
129 return cpu_get_ticks();
133 void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env)
135 if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu)
136 i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1);
141 int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env)
145 intno = apic_get_interrupt(env);
147 /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */
148 /* XXX: improve that */
149 pic_update_irq(isa_pic);
152 /* read the irq from the PIC */
153 if (!apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
156 intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic);
160 static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
162 CPUState *env = first_cpu;
164 if (env->apic_state) {
166 if (apic_accept_pic_intr(env))
167 apic_deliver_pic_intr(env, level);
172 cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
174 cpu_reset_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD);
178 /* PC cmos mappings */
180 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14
182 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
188 /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
192 /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
196 /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
206 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
208 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
209 int cylinders, heads, sectors;
210 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
211 rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
212 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
213 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
214 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
215 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
216 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
217 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
218 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
219 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
220 rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
223 /* convert boot_device letter to something recognizable by the bios */
224 static int boot_device2nibble(char boot_device)
226 switch(boot_device) {
229 return 0x01; /* floppy boot */
231 return 0x02; /* hard drive boot */
233 return 0x03; /* CD-ROM boot */
235 return 0x04; /* Network boot */
240 /* copy/pasted from cmos_init, should be made a general function
241 and used there as well */
242 static int pc_boot_set(void *opaque, const char *boot_device)
244 Monitor *mon = cur_mon;
245 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
246 RTCState *s = (RTCState *)opaque;
247 int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
250 nbds = strlen(boot_device);
251 if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
252 monitor_printf(mon, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");
255 for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
256 bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
258 monitor_printf(mon, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
263 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
264 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4));
268 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
269 static void cmos_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ram_addr_t above_4g_mem_size,
270 const char *boot_device, DriveInfo **hd_table)
272 RTCState *s = rtc_state;
273 int nbds, bds[3] = { 0, };
278 /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
281 val = 640; /* base memory in K */
282 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
283 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
285 val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
288 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
289 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
290 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
291 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
293 if (above_4g_mem_size) {
294 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5b, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 16);
295 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5c, (unsigned int)above_4g_mem_size >> 24);
296 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5d, (uint64_t)above_4g_mem_size >> 32);
299 if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
300 val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
305 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
306 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
308 /* set the number of CPU */
309 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x5f, smp_cpus - 1);
311 /* set boot devices, and disable floppy signature check if requested */
312 #define PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES 3
313 nbds = strlen(boot_device);
314 if (nbds > PC_MAX_BOOT_DEVICES) {
315 fprintf(stderr, "Too many boot devices for PC\n");
318 for (i = 0; i < nbds; i++) {
319 bds[i] = boot_device2nibble(boot_device[i]);
321 fprintf(stderr, "Invalid boot device for PC: '%c'\n",
326 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, (bds[1] << 4) | bds[0]);
327 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, (bds[2] << 4) | (fd_bootchk ? 0x0 : 0x1));
331 fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
332 fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
334 val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
335 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
347 val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
350 val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
353 val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
354 val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
355 rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
359 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
361 cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]->bdrv);
363 cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]->bdrv);
366 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
368 int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
369 /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
370 geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
371 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
372 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
373 translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]->bdrv);
374 if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
375 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i]->bdrv, &cylinders, &heads, §ors);
376 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
377 /* No translation. */
380 /* LBA translation. */
386 val |= translation << (i * 2);
389 rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
392 void ioport_set_a20(int enable)
394 /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */
395 cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable);
398 int ioport_get_a20(void)
400 return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1);
403 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
405 ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1);
406 /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
409 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
411 return ioport_get_a20() << 1;
414 /***********************************************************/
415 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
417 static void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
419 static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
420 static int shutdown_index = 0;
423 /* Bochs BIOS messages */
426 fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
431 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
435 /* same as Bochs power off */
436 if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
438 if (shutdown_index == 8) {
440 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
447 /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
450 fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
455 fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
461 static void *bochs_bios_init(void)
464 uint8_t *smbios_table;
466 uint64_t *numa_fw_cfg;
469 register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
470 register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
471 register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
472 register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
473 register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
475 register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
476 register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
477 register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
478 register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
480 fw_cfg = fw_cfg_init(BIOS_CFG_IOPORT, BIOS_CFG_IOPORT + 1, 0, 0);
482 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ID, 1);
483 fw_cfg_add_i64(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_RAM_SIZE, (uint64_t)ram_size);
484 fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ACPI_TABLES, (uint8_t *)acpi_tables,
486 fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_IRQ0_OVERRIDE, &irq0override, 1);
488 smbios_table = smbios_get_table(&smbios_len);
490 fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_SMBIOS_ENTRIES,
491 smbios_table, smbios_len);
493 /* allocate memory for the NUMA channel: one (64bit) word for the number
494 * of nodes, one word for each VCPU->node and one word for each node to
495 * hold the amount of memory.
497 numa_fw_cfg = qemu_mallocz((1 + smp_cpus + nb_numa_nodes) * 8);
498 numa_fw_cfg[0] = cpu_to_le64(nb_numa_nodes);
499 for (i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
500 for (j = 0; j < nb_numa_nodes; j++) {
501 if (node_cpumask[j] & (1 << i)) {
502 numa_fw_cfg[i + 1] = cpu_to_le64(j);
507 for (i = 0; i < nb_numa_nodes; i++) {
508 numa_fw_cfg[smp_cpus + 1 + i] = cpu_to_le64(node_mem[i]);
510 fw_cfg_add_bytes(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_NUMA, (uint8_t *)numa_fw_cfg,
511 (1 + smp_cpus + nb_numa_nodes) * 8);
516 /* Generate an initial boot sector which sets state and jump to
517 a specified vector */
518 static void generate_bootsect(target_phys_addr_t option_rom,
519 uint32_t gpr[8], uint16_t segs[6], uint16_t ip)
521 uint8_t rom[512], *p, *reloc;
525 memset(rom, 0, sizeof(rom));
528 /* Make sure we have an option rom signature */
532 /* ROM size in sectors*/
537 *p++ = 0x50; /* push ax */
538 *p++ = 0x1e; /* push ds */
539 *p++ = 0x31; *p++ = 0xc0; /* xor ax, ax */
540 *p++ = 0x8e; *p++ = 0xd8; /* mov ax, ds */
542 *p++ = 0xc7; *p++ = 0x06; /* movvw _start,0x64 */
543 *p++ = 0x64; *p++ = 0x00;
545 *p++ = 0x00; *p++ = 0x00;
547 *p++ = 0x8c; *p++ = 0x0e; /* mov cs,0x66 */
548 *p++ = 0x66; *p++ = 0x00;
550 *p++ = 0x1f; /* pop ds */
551 *p++ = 0x58; /* pop ax */
552 *p++ = 0xcb; /* lret */
557 *p++ = 0xfa; /* CLI */
558 *p++ = 0xfc; /* CLD */
560 for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
561 if (i == 1) /* Skip CS */
564 *p++ = 0xb8; /* MOV AX,imm16 */
567 *p++ = 0x8e; /* MOV <seg>,AX */
568 *p++ = 0xc0 + (i << 3);
571 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
572 *p++ = 0x66; /* 32-bit operand size */
573 *p++ = 0xb8 + i; /* MOV <reg>,imm32 */
580 *p++ = 0xea; /* JMP FAR */
583 *p++ = segs[1]; /* CS */
588 for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(rom) - 1); i++)
590 rom[sizeof(rom) - 1] = -sum;
592 cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(option_rom, rom, sizeof(rom));
593 option_rom_setup_reset(option_rom, sizeof (rom));
596 static long get_file_size(FILE *f)
600 /* XXX: on Unix systems, using fstat() probably makes more sense */
603 fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
605 fseek(f, where, SEEK_SET);
610 #define MULTIBOOT_STRUCT_ADDR 0x9000
612 #if MULTIBOOT_STRUCT_ADDR > 0xf0000
613 #error multiboot struct needs to fit in 16 bit real mode
616 static int load_multiboot(void *fw_cfg,
618 const char *kernel_filename,
619 const char *initrd_filename,
620 const char *kernel_cmdline,
623 int i, t, is_multiboot = 0;
625 uint32_t mh_entry_addr;
626 uint32_t mh_load_addr;
627 uint32_t mb_kernel_size;
628 uint32_t mmap_addr = MULTIBOOT_STRUCT_ADDR;
629 uint32_t mb_bootinfo = MULTIBOOT_STRUCT_ADDR + 0x500;
630 uint32_t mb_cmdline = mb_bootinfo + 0x200;
633 /* Ok, let's see if it is a multiboot image.
634 The header is 12x32bit long, so the latest entry may be 8192 - 48. */
635 for (i = 0; i < (8192 - 48); i += 4) {
636 if (ldl_p(header+i) == 0x1BADB002) {
637 uint32_t checksum = ldl_p(header+i+8);
638 flags = ldl_p(header+i+4);
640 checksum += (uint32_t)0x1BADB002;
649 return 0; /* no multiboot */
651 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
652 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: I believe we found a multiboot image!\n");
655 if (flags & 0x00000004) { /* MULTIBOOT_HEADER_HAS_VBE */
656 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: multiboot knows VBE. we don't.\n");
658 if (!(flags & 0x00010000)) { /* MULTIBOOT_HEADER_HAS_ADDR */
662 kernel_size = load_elf(kernel_filename, 0, &elf_entry, NULL, NULL,
664 if (kernel_size < 0) {
665 fprintf(stderr, "Error while loading elf kernel\n");
668 mh_load_addr = mh_entry_addr = elf_entry;
669 mb_kernel_size = kernel_size;
671 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
672 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading multiboot-elf kernel (%#x bytes) with entry %#zx\n",
673 mb_kernel_size, (size_t)mh_entry_addr);
676 /* Valid if mh_flags sets MULTIBOOT_HEADER_HAS_ADDR. */
677 uint32_t mh_header_addr = ldl_p(header+i+12);
678 mh_load_addr = ldl_p(header+i+16);
679 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
680 uint32_t mh_load_end_addr = ldl_p(header+i+20);
681 uint32_t mh_bss_end_addr = ldl_p(header+i+24);
683 uint32_t mb_kernel_text_offset = i - (mh_header_addr - mh_load_addr);
685 mh_entry_addr = ldl_p(header+i+28);
686 mb_kernel_size = get_file_size(f) - mb_kernel_text_offset;
688 /* Valid if mh_flags sets MULTIBOOT_HEADER_HAS_VBE.
689 uint32_t mh_mode_type = ldl_p(header+i+32);
690 uint32_t mh_width = ldl_p(header+i+36);
691 uint32_t mh_height = ldl_p(header+i+40);
692 uint32_t mh_depth = ldl_p(header+i+44); */
694 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
695 fprintf(stderr, "multiboot: mh_header_addr = %#x\n", mh_header_addr);
696 fprintf(stderr, "multiboot: mh_load_addr = %#x\n", mh_load_addr);
697 fprintf(stderr, "multiboot: mh_load_end_addr = %#x\n", mh_load_end_addr);
698 fprintf(stderr, "multiboot: mh_bss_end_addr = %#x\n", mh_bss_end_addr);
701 fseek(f, mb_kernel_text_offset, SEEK_SET);
703 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
704 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: loading multiboot kernel (%#x bytes) at %#x\n",
705 mb_kernel_size, mh_load_addr);
708 if (!fread_targphys_ok(mh_load_addr, mb_kernel_size, f)) {
709 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on multiboot kernel '%s' (%#x)\n",
710 kernel_filename, mb_kernel_size);
716 /* blob size is only the kernel for now */
717 mb_mod_end = mh_load_addr + mb_kernel_size;
720 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 20, 0x0); /* mods_count */
721 if (initrd_filename) {
722 uint32_t mb_mod_info = mb_bootinfo + 0x100;
723 uint32_t mb_mod_cmdline = mb_bootinfo + 0x300;
724 uint32_t mb_mod_start = mh_load_addr;
725 uint32_t mb_mod_length = mb_kernel_size;
728 int mb_mod_count = 0;
731 next_initrd = strchr(initrd_filename, ',');
734 /* if a space comes after the module filename, treat everything
735 after that as parameters */
736 cpu_physical_memory_write(mb_mod_cmdline, (uint8_t*)initrd_filename,
737 strlen(initrd_filename) + 1);
738 stl_phys(mb_mod_info + 8, mb_mod_cmdline); /* string */
739 mb_mod_cmdline += strlen(initrd_filename) + 1;
740 if ((next_space = strchr(initrd_filename, ' ')))
742 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
743 printf("multiboot loading module: %s\n", initrd_filename);
745 f = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");
747 mb_mod_start = (mb_mod_start + mb_mod_length + (TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1))
748 & (TARGET_PAGE_MASK);
749 mb_mod_length = get_file_size(f);
750 mb_mod_end = mb_mod_start + mb_mod_length;
752 if (!fread_targphys_ok(mb_mod_start, mb_mod_length, f)) {
753 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on multiboot module '%s' (%#x)\n",
754 initrd_filename, mb_mod_length);
759 stl_phys(mb_mod_info + 0, mb_mod_start);
760 stl_phys(mb_mod_info + 4, mb_mod_start + mb_mod_length);
761 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
762 printf("mod_start: %#x\nmod_end: %#x\n", mb_mod_start,
763 mb_mod_start + mb_mod_length);
765 stl_phys(mb_mod_info + 12, 0x0); /* reserved */
767 initrd_filename = next_initrd+1;
769 } while (next_initrd);
770 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 20, mb_mod_count); /* mods_count */
771 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 24, mb_bootinfo + 0x100); /* mods_addr */
774 /* Make sure we're getting kernel + modules back after reset */
775 option_rom_setup_reset(mh_load_addr, mb_mod_end - mh_load_addr);
777 /* Commandline support */
778 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 16, mb_cmdline);
779 t = strlen(kernel_filename);
780 cpu_physical_memory_write(mb_cmdline, (uint8_t*)kernel_filename, t);
782 stb_phys(mb_cmdline++, ' ');
783 t = strlen(kernel_cmdline) + 1;
784 cpu_physical_memory_write(mb_cmdline, (uint8_t*)kernel_cmdline, t);
786 /* the kernel is where we want it to be now */
788 #define MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MEMORY (1 << 0)
789 #define MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_BOOT_DEVICE (1 << 1)
790 #define MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_CMDLINE (1 << 2)
791 #define MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MODULES (1 << 3)
792 #define MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MMAP (1 << 6)
793 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo, MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MEMORY
794 | MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_BOOT_DEVICE
795 | MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_CMDLINE
796 | MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MODULES
797 | MULTIBOOT_FLAGS_MMAP);
798 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 4, 640); /* mem_lower */
799 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 8, ram_size / 1024); /* mem_upper */
800 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 12, 0x8001ffff); /* XXX: use the -boot switch? */
801 stl_phys(mb_bootinfo + 48, mmap_addr); /* mmap_addr */
803 #ifdef DEBUG_MULTIBOOT
804 fprintf(stderr, "multiboot: mh_entry_addr = %#x\n", mh_entry_addr);
807 /* Pass variables to option rom */
808 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_KERNEL_ADDR, mh_entry_addr);
809 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_INITRD_ADDR, mb_bootinfo);
810 fw_cfg_add_i32(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_INITRD_SIZE, mmap_addr);
812 /* Make sure we're getting the config space back after reset */
813 option_rom_setup_reset(mb_bootinfo, 0x500);
815 option_rom[nb_option_roms] = "multiboot.bin";
818 return 1; /* yes, we are multiboot */
821 static void load_linux(void *fw_cfg,
822 target_phys_addr_t option_rom,
823 const char *kernel_filename,
824 const char *initrd_filename,
825 const char *kernel_cmdline,
826 target_phys_addr_t max_ram_size)
832 int setup_size, kernel_size, initrd_size = 0, cmdline_size;
834 uint8_t header[8192];
835 target_phys_addr_t real_addr, prot_addr, cmdline_addr, initrd_addr = 0;
839 /* Align to 16 bytes as a paranoia measure */
840 cmdline_size = (strlen(kernel_cmdline)+16) & ~15;
842 /* load the kernel header */
843 f = fopen(kernel_filename, "rb");
844 if (!f || !(kernel_size = get_file_size(f)) ||
845 fread(header, 1, MIN(ARRAY_SIZE(header), kernel_size), f) !=
846 MIN(ARRAY_SIZE(header), kernel_size)) {
847 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
852 /* kernel protocol version */
854 fprintf(stderr, "header magic: %#x\n", ldl_p(header+0x202));
856 if (ldl_p(header+0x202) == 0x53726448)
857 protocol = lduw_p(header+0x206);
859 /* This looks like a multiboot kernel. If it is, let's stop
860 treating it like a Linux kernel. */
861 if (load_multiboot(fw_cfg, f, kernel_filename,
862 initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline, header))
867 if (protocol < 0x200 || !(header[0x211] & 0x01)) {
870 cmdline_addr = 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
872 } else if (protocol < 0x202) {
873 /* High but ancient kernel */
875 cmdline_addr = 0x9a000 - cmdline_size;
876 prot_addr = 0x100000;
878 /* High and recent kernel */
880 cmdline_addr = 0x20000;
881 prot_addr = 0x100000;
886 "qemu: real_addr = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n"
887 "qemu: cmdline_addr = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n"
888 "qemu: prot_addr = 0x" TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
894 /* highest address for loading the initrd */
895 if (protocol >= 0x203)
896 initrd_max = ldl_p(header+0x22c);
898 initrd_max = 0x37ffffff;
900 if (initrd_max >= max_ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE)
901 initrd_max = max_ram_size-ACPI_DATA_SIZE-1;
903 /* kernel command line */
904 pstrcpy_targphys(cmdline_addr, 4096, kernel_cmdline);
906 if (protocol >= 0x202) {
907 stl_p(header+0x228, cmdline_addr);
909 stw_p(header+0x20, 0xA33F);
910 stw_p(header+0x22, cmdline_addr-real_addr);
913 /* handle vga= parameter */
914 vmode = strstr(kernel_cmdline, "vga=");
916 unsigned int video_mode;
919 if (!strncmp(vmode, "normal", 6)) {
921 } else if (!strncmp(vmode, "ext", 3)) {
923 } else if (!strncmp(vmode, "ask", 3)) {
926 video_mode = strtol(vmode, NULL, 0);
928 stw_p(header+0x1fa, video_mode);
932 /* High nybble = B reserved for Qemu; low nybble is revision number.
933 If this code is substantially changed, you may want to consider
934 incrementing the revision. */
935 if (protocol >= 0x200)
936 header[0x210] = 0xB0;
939 if (protocol >= 0x201) {
940 header[0x211] |= 0x80; /* CAN_USE_HEAP */
941 stw_p(header+0x224, cmdline_addr-real_addr-0x200);
945 if (initrd_filename) {
946 if (protocol < 0x200) {
947 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: linux kernel too old to load a ram disk\n");
951 fi = fopen(initrd_filename, "rb");
953 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
958 initrd_size = get_file_size(fi);
959 initrd_addr = (initrd_max-initrd_size) & ~4095;
961 if (!fread_targphys_ok(initrd_addr, initrd_size, fi)) {
962 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on initial ram disk '%s'\n",
968 stl_p(header+0x218, initrd_addr);
969 stl_p(header+0x21c, initrd_size);
972 /* store the finalized header and load the rest of the kernel */
973 cpu_physical_memory_write(real_addr, header, ARRAY_SIZE(header));
975 setup_size = header[0x1f1];
979 setup_size = (setup_size+1)*512;
980 /* Size of protected-mode code */
981 kernel_size -= (setup_size > ARRAY_SIZE(header)) ? setup_size : ARRAY_SIZE(header);
983 /* In case we have read too much already, copy that over */
984 if (setup_size < ARRAY_SIZE(header)) {
985 cpu_physical_memory_write(prot_addr, header + setup_size, ARRAY_SIZE(header) - setup_size);
986 prot_addr += (ARRAY_SIZE(header) - setup_size);
987 setup_size = ARRAY_SIZE(header);
990 if (!fread_targphys_ok(real_addr + ARRAY_SIZE(header),
991 setup_size - ARRAY_SIZE(header), f) ||
992 !fread_targphys_ok(prot_addr, kernel_size, f)) {
993 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: read error on kernel '%s'\n",
999 /* generate bootsector to set up the initial register state */
1000 real_seg = real_addr >> 4;
1001 seg[0] = seg[2] = seg[3] = seg[4] = seg[4] = real_seg;
1002 seg[1] = real_seg+0x20; /* CS */
1003 memset(gpr, 0, sizeof gpr);
1004 gpr[4] = cmdline_addr-real_addr-16; /* SP (-16 is paranoia) */
1006 option_rom_setup_reset(real_addr, setup_size);
1007 option_rom_setup_reset(prot_addr, kernel_size);
1008 option_rom_setup_reset(cmdline_addr, cmdline_size);
1009 if (initrd_filename)
1010 option_rom_setup_reset(initrd_addr, initrd_size);
1012 generate_bootsect(option_rom, gpr, seg, 0);
1015 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
1016 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
1017 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
1019 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
1021 static const int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360,
1023 static const int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
1025 static const int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
1026 static const int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
1029 static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus, qemu_irq *pic)
1033 for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
1036 c->init.init_isa(pic);
1039 c->init.init_pci(pci_bus);
1047 static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd)
1049 static int nb_ne2k = 0;
1051 if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX)
1053 isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k],
1054 ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd);
1058 static int load_option_rom(const char *oprom, target_phys_addr_t start,
1059 target_phys_addr_t end)
1064 filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, oprom);
1066 size = get_image_size(filename);
1067 if (size > 0 && start + size > end) {
1068 fprintf(stderr, "Not enough space to load option rom '%s'\n",
1072 size = load_image_targphys(filename, start, end - start);
1073 qemu_free(filename);
1078 fprintf(stderr, "Could not load option rom '%s'\n", oprom);
1081 /* Round up optiom rom size to the next 2k boundary */
1082 size = (size + 2047) & ~2047;
1083 option_rom_setup_reset(start, size);
1087 int cpu_is_bsp(CPUState *env)
1089 return env->cpuid_apic_id == 0;
1092 static CPUState *pc_new_cpu(const char *cpu_model)
1096 env = cpu_init(cpu_model);
1098 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find x86 CPU definition\n");
1101 if ((env->cpuid_features & CPUID_APIC) || smp_cpus > 1) {
1102 env->cpuid_apic_id = env->cpu_index;
1103 /* APIC reset callback resets cpu */
1106 qemu_register_reset((QEMUResetHandler*)cpu_reset, env);
1111 /* PC hardware initialisation */
1112 static void pc_init1(ram_addr_t ram_size,
1113 const char *boot_device,
1114 const char *kernel_filename,
1115 const char *kernel_cmdline,
1116 const char *initrd_filename,
1117 const char *cpu_model,
1121 int ret, linux_boot, i;
1122 ram_addr_t ram_addr, bios_offset, option_rom_offset;
1123 ram_addr_t below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size = 0;
1124 int bios_size, isa_bios_size, oprom_area_size;
1127 int piix3_devfn = -1;
1132 IsaIrqState *isa_irq_state;
1133 DriveInfo *hd[MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS];
1134 DriveInfo *fd[MAX_FD];
1135 int using_vga = cirrus_vga_enabled || std_vga_enabled || vmsvga_enabled;
1138 if (ram_size >= 0xe0000000 ) {
1139 above_4g_mem_size = ram_size - 0xe0000000;
1140 below_4g_mem_size = 0xe0000000;
1142 below_4g_mem_size = ram_size;
1145 linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
1148 if (cpu_model == NULL) {
1149 #ifdef TARGET_X86_64
1150 cpu_model = "qemu64";
1152 cpu_model = "qemu32";
1156 for (i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
1157 env = pc_new_cpu(cpu_model);
1163 ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0xa0000);
1164 cpu_register_physical_memory(0, 0xa0000, ram_addr);
1166 /* Allocate, even though we won't register, so we don't break the
1167 * phys_ram_base + PA assumption. This range includes vga (0xa0000 - 0xc0000),
1168 * and some bios areas, which will be registered later
1170 ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(0x100000 - 0xa0000);
1171 ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000);
1172 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000,
1173 below_4g_mem_size - 0x100000,
1176 /* above 4giga memory allocation */
1177 if (above_4g_mem_size > 0) {
1178 #if TARGET_PHYS_ADDR_BITS == 32
1179 hw_error("To much RAM for 32-bit physical address");
1181 ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(above_4g_mem_size);
1182 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000000ULL,
1190 if (bios_name == NULL)
1191 bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;
1192 filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
1194 bios_size = get_image_size(filename);
1198 if (bios_size <= 0 ||
1199 (bios_size % 65536) != 0) {
1202 bios_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(bios_size);
1203 ret = load_image(filename, qemu_get_ram_ptr(bios_offset));
1204 if (ret != bios_size) {
1206 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC BIOS '%s'\n", bios_name);
1210 qemu_free(filename);
1212 /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
1213 isa_bios_size = bios_size;
1214 if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
1215 isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
1216 cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
1218 (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
1222 option_rom_offset = qemu_ram_alloc(0x20000);
1223 oprom_area_size = 0;
1224 cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x20000, option_rom_offset);
1227 const char *vgabios_filename;
1229 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
1230 vgabios_filename = VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME;
1232 vgabios_filename = VGABIOS_FILENAME;
1234 oprom_area_size = load_option_rom(vgabios_filename, 0xc0000, 0xe0000);
1236 /* Although video roms can grow larger than 0x8000, the area between
1237 * 0xc0000 - 0xc8000 is reserved for them. It means we won't be looking
1238 * for any other kind of option rom inside this area */
1239 if (oprom_area_size < 0x8000)
1240 oprom_area_size = 0x8000;
1242 /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
1243 cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
1244 bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
1246 fw_cfg = bochs_bios_init();
1249 load_linux(fw_cfg, 0xc0000 + oprom_area_size,
1250 kernel_filename, initrd_filename, kernel_cmdline, below_4g_mem_size);
1251 oprom_area_size += 2048;
1254 for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) {
1255 oprom_area_size += load_option_rom(option_rom[i], 0xc0000 + oprom_area_size,
1259 for (i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1260 char nic_oprom[1024];
1261 const char *model = nd_table[i].model;
1263 if (!nd_table[i].bootable)
1268 snprintf(nic_oprom, sizeof(nic_oprom), "pxe-%s.bin", model);
1270 oprom_area_size += load_option_rom(nic_oprom, 0xc0000 + oprom_area_size,
1274 cpu_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(pic_irq_request, NULL, 1);
1275 i8259 = i8259_init(cpu_irq[0]);
1276 isa_irq_state = qemu_mallocz(sizeof(*isa_irq_state));
1277 isa_irq_state->i8259 = i8259;
1278 isa_irq = qemu_allocate_irqs(isa_irq_handler, isa_irq_state, 24);
1281 pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state, &piix3_devfn, isa_irq);
1286 isa_bus_irqs(isa_irq);
1288 ferr_irq = isa_reserve_irq(13);
1290 /* init basic PC hardware */
1291 register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
1293 register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
1295 if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
1297 pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus);
1299 isa_cirrus_vga_init();
1301 } else if (vmsvga_enabled) {
1303 pci_vmsvga_init(pci_bus);
1305 fprintf(stderr, "%s: vmware_vga: no PCI bus\n", __FUNCTION__);
1306 } else if (std_vga_enabled) {
1308 pci_vga_init(pci_bus, 0, 0);
1314 rtc_state = rtc_init(2000);
1316 qemu_register_boot_set(pc_boot_set, rtc_state);
1318 register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
1319 register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
1322 isa_irq_state->ioapic = ioapic_init();
1324 pit = pit_init(0x40, isa_reserve_irq(0));
1330 for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
1331 if (serial_hds[i]) {
1332 serial_isa_init(i, serial_hds[i]);
1336 for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
1337 if (parallel_hds[i]) {
1338 parallel_init(i, parallel_hds[i]);
1342 for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
1343 NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];
1345 if (!pci_enabled || (nd->model && strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0))
1346 pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd);
1348 pci_nic_init_nofail(nd, "e1000", NULL);
1351 if (drive_get_max_bus(IF_IDE) >= MAX_IDE_BUS) {
1352 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: too many IDE bus\n");
1356 for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS * MAX_IDE_DEVS; i++) {
1357 hd[i] = drive_get(IF_IDE, i / MAX_IDE_DEVS, i % MAX_IDE_DEVS);
1361 pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, hd, piix3_devfn + 1);
1363 for(i = 0; i < MAX_IDE_BUS; i++) {
1364 isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
1365 hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i], hd[MAX_IDE_DEVS * i + 1]);
1369 isa_dev = isa_create_simple("i8042");
1372 audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL, isa_irq);
1375 for(i = 0; i < MAX_FD; i++) {
1376 fd[i] = drive_get(IF_FLOPPY, 0, i);
1378 floppy_controller = fdctrl_init_isa(fd);
1380 cmos_init(below_4g_mem_size, above_4g_mem_size, boot_device, hd);
1382 if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) {
1383 usb_uhci_piix3_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2);
1386 if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) {
1387 uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */
1390 /* TODO: Populate SPD eeprom data. */
1391 smbus = piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3, 0xb100,
1392 isa_reserve_irq(9));
1393 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
1394 DeviceState *eeprom;
1395 eeprom = qdev_create((BusState *)smbus, "smbus-eeprom");
1396 qdev_prop_set_uint8(eeprom, "address", 0x50 + i);
1397 qdev_prop_set_ptr(eeprom, "data", eeprom_buf + (i * 256));
1400 piix4_acpi_system_hot_add_init(pci_bus);
1404 i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state);
1411 max_bus = drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI);
1412 for (bus = 0; bus <= max_bus; bus++) {
1413 pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "lsi53c895a");
1417 /* Add virtio console devices */
1419 for(i = 0; i < MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES; i++) {
1420 if (virtcon_hds[i]) {
1421 pci_create_simple(pci_bus, -1, "virtio-console-pci");
1427 static void pc_init_pci(ram_addr_t ram_size,
1428 const char *boot_device,
1429 const char *kernel_filename,
1430 const char *kernel_cmdline,
1431 const char *initrd_filename,
1432 const char *cpu_model)
1434 pc_init1(ram_size, boot_device,
1435 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1436 initrd_filename, cpu_model, 1);
1439 static void pc_init_isa(ram_addr_t ram_size,
1440 const char *boot_device,
1441 const char *kernel_filename,
1442 const char *kernel_cmdline,
1443 const char *initrd_filename,
1444 const char *cpu_model)
1446 if (cpu_model == NULL)
1448 pc_init1(ram_size, boot_device,
1449 kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline,
1450 initrd_filename, cpu_model, 0);
1453 /* set CMOS shutdown status register (index 0xF) as S3_resume(0xFE)
1454 BIOS will read it and start S3 resume at POST Entry */
1455 void cmos_set_s3_resume(void)
1458 rtc_set_memory(rtc_state, 0xF, 0xFE);
1461 static QEMUMachine pc_machine = {
1464 .desc = "Standard PC",
1465 .init = pc_init_pci,
1470 static QEMUMachine pc_machine_v0_10 = {
1472 .desc = "Standard PC, qemu 0.10",
1473 .init = pc_init_pci,
1475 .compat_props = (CompatProperty[]) {
1477 .driver = "virtio-blk-pci",
1478 .property = "class",
1479 .value = stringify(PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_OTHER),
1481 .driver = "virtio-console-pci",
1482 .property = "class",
1483 .value = stringify(PCI_CLASS_DISPLAY_OTHER),
1485 .driver = "virtio-net-pci",
1486 .property = "vectors",
1487 .value = stringify(0),
1489 .driver = "virtio-blk-pci",
1490 .property = "vectors",
1491 .value = stringify(0),
1493 { /* end of list */ }
1497 static QEMUMachine isapc_machine = {
1499 .desc = "ISA-only PC",
1500 .init = pc_init_isa,
1504 static void pc_machine_init(void)
1506 qemu_register_machine(&pc_machine);
1507 qemu_register_machine(&pc_machine_v0_10);
1508 qemu_register_machine(&isapc_machine);
1511 machine_init(pc_machine_init);