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Commit | Line | Data |
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420557e8 | 1 | /* |
93c5a32f | 2 | * QEMU Sun4m iommu emulation |
420557e8 | 3 | * |
66321a11 | 4 | * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Fabrice Bellard |
5fafdf24 | 5 | * |
420557e8 FB |
6 | * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy |
7 | * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal | |
8 | * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights | |
9 | * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell | |
10 | * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is | |
11 | * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: | |
12 | * | |
13 | * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in | |
14 | * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. | |
15 | * | |
16 | * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR | |
17 | * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, | |
18 | * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL | |
19 | * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER | |
20 | * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, | |
21 | * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN | |
22 | * THE SOFTWARE. | |
23 | */ | |
5f750b2e | 24 | |
0d09e41a | 25 | #include "hw/sparc/sun4m.h" |
83c9f4ca | 26 | #include "hw/sysbus.h" |
fdfba1a2 | 27 | #include "exec/address-spaces.h" |
97bf4851 | 28 | #include "trace.h" |
420557e8 | 29 | |
93c5a32f BS |
30 | /* |
31 | * I/O MMU used by Sun4m systems | |
32 | * | |
33 | * Chipset docs: | |
34 | * "Sun-4M System Architecture (revision 2.0) by Chuck Narad", 950-1373-01, | |
35 | * http://mediacast.sun.com/users/Barton808/media/Sun4M_SystemArchitecture_edited2.pdf | |
36 | */ | |
37 | ||
e5e38121 | 38 | #define IOMMU_NREGS (4*4096/4) |
4e3b1ea1 | 39 | #define IOMMU_CTRL (0x0000 >> 2) |
420557e8 FB |
40 | #define IOMMU_CTRL_IMPL 0xf0000000 /* Implementation */ |
41 | #define IOMMU_CTRL_VERS 0x0f000000 /* Version */ | |
42 | #define IOMMU_CTRL_RNGE 0x0000001c /* Mapping RANGE */ | |
43 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_16MB 0x00000000 /* 0xff000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
44 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_32MB 0x00000004 /* 0xfe000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
45 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_64MB 0x00000008 /* 0xfc000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
46 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_128MB 0x0000000c /* 0xf8000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
47 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_256MB 0x00000010 /* 0xf0000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
48 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_512MB 0x00000014 /* 0xe0000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
49 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_1GB 0x00000018 /* 0xc0000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
50 | #define IOMMU_RNGE_2GB 0x0000001c /* 0x80000000 -> 0xffffffff */ | |
51 | #define IOMMU_CTRL_ENAB 0x00000001 /* IOMMU Enable */ | |
4e3b1ea1 FB |
52 | #define IOMMU_CTRL_MASK 0x0000001d |
53 | ||
54 | #define IOMMU_BASE (0x0004 >> 2) | |
55 | #define IOMMU_BASE_MASK 0x07fffc00 | |
56 | ||
57 | #define IOMMU_TLBFLUSH (0x0014 >> 2) | |
58 | #define IOMMU_TLBFLUSH_MASK 0xffffffff | |
59 | ||
60 | #define IOMMU_PGFLUSH (0x0018 >> 2) | |
61 | #define IOMMU_PGFLUSH_MASK 0xffffffff | |
62 | ||
225d4be7 BS |
63 | #define IOMMU_AFSR (0x1000 >> 2) |
64 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_ERR 0x80000000 /* LE, TO, or BE asserted */ | |
5ad6bb97 BS |
65 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_LE 0x40000000 /* SBUS reports error after |
66 | transaction */ | |
67 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_TO 0x20000000 /* Write access took more than | |
68 | 12.8 us. */ | |
69 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_BE 0x10000000 /* Write access received error | |
70 | acknowledge */ | |
225d4be7 BS |
71 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_SIZE 0x0e000000 /* Size of transaction causing error */ |
72 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_S 0x01000000 /* Sparc was in supervisor mode */ | |
5ad6bb97 BS |
73 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_RESV 0x00800000 /* Reserved, forced to 0x8 by |
74 | hardware */ | |
225d4be7 BS |
75 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_ME 0x00080000 /* Multiple errors occurred */ |
76 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_RD 0x00040000 /* A read operation was in progress */ | |
77 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_FAV 0x00020000 /* IOMMU afar has valid contents */ | |
c52428fc | 78 | #define IOMMU_AFSR_MASK 0xff0fffff |
225d4be7 BS |
79 | |
80 | #define IOMMU_AFAR (0x1004 >> 2) | |
81 | ||
7b169687 BS |
82 | #define IOMMU_AER (0x1008 >> 2) /* Arbiter Enable Register */ |
83 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_P0_ARB 0x00000001 /* MBus master 0x8 (Always 1) */ | |
84 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_P1_ARB 0x00000002 /* MBus master 0x9 */ | |
85 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_P2_ARB 0x00000004 /* MBus master 0xa */ | |
86 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_P3_ARB 0x00000008 /* MBus master 0xb */ | |
87 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_0 0x00010000 /* SBus slot 0 */ | |
88 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_1 0x00020000 /* SBus slot 1 */ | |
89 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_2 0x00040000 /* SBus slot 2 */ | |
90 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_3 0x00080000 /* SBus slot 3 */ | |
91 | #define IOMMU_AER_EN_F 0x00100000 /* SBus on-board */ | |
92 | #define IOMMU_AER_SBW 0x80000000 /* S-to-M asynchronous writes */ | |
93 | #define IOMMU_AER_MASK 0x801f000f | |
94 | ||
4e3b1ea1 FB |
95 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG0 (0x1010 >> 2) /* SBUS configration per-slot */ |
96 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG1 (0x1014 >> 2) /* SBUS configration per-slot */ | |
97 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG2 (0x1018 >> 2) /* SBUS configration per-slot */ | |
98 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG3 (0x101c >> 2) /* SBUS configration per-slot */ | |
5ad6bb97 BS |
99 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG_SAB30 0x00010000 /* Phys-address bit 30 when |
100 | bypass enabled */ | |
4e3b1ea1 FB |
101 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG_BA16 0x00000004 /* Slave supports 16 byte bursts */ |
102 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG_BA8 0x00000002 /* Slave supports 8 byte bursts */ | |
103 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG_BYPASS 0x00000001 /* Bypass IOMMU, treat all addresses | |
f930d07e | 104 | produced by this device as pure |
4e3b1ea1 FB |
105 | physical. */ |
106 | #define IOMMU_SBCFG_MASK 0x00010003 | |
107 | ||
108 | #define IOMMU_ARBEN (0x2000 >> 2) /* SBUS arbitration enable */ | |
109 | #define IOMMU_ARBEN_MASK 0x001f0000 | |
110 | #define IOMMU_MID 0x00000008 | |
420557e8 | 111 | |
e5e38121 BS |
112 | #define IOMMU_MASK_ID (0x3018 >> 2) /* Mask ID */ |
113 | #define IOMMU_MASK_ID_MASK 0x00ffffff | |
114 | ||
115 | #define IOMMU_MSII_MASK 0x26000000 /* microSPARC II mask number */ | |
116 | #define IOMMU_TS_MASK 0x23000000 /* turboSPARC mask number */ | |
117 | ||
420557e8 | 118 | /* The format of an iopte in the page tables */ |
498fbd8a | 119 | #define IOPTE_PAGE 0xffffff00 /* Physical page number (PA[35:12]) */ |
5ad6bb97 BS |
120 | #define IOPTE_CACHE 0x00000080 /* Cached (in vme IOCACHE or |
121 | Viking/MXCC) */ | |
ebabb67a | 122 | #define IOPTE_WRITE 0x00000004 /* Writable */ |
420557e8 FB |
123 | #define IOPTE_VALID 0x00000002 /* IOPTE is valid */ |
124 | #define IOPTE_WAZ 0x00000001 /* Write as zeros */ | |
125 | ||
8b0de438 BS |
126 | #define IOMMU_PAGE_SHIFT 12 |
127 | #define IOMMU_PAGE_SIZE (1 << IOMMU_PAGE_SHIFT) | |
128 | #define IOMMU_PAGE_MASK ~(IOMMU_PAGE_SIZE - 1) | |
420557e8 | 129 | |
049e7d22 AF |
130 | #define TYPE_SUN4M_IOMMU "iommu" |
131 | #define SUN4M_IOMMU(obj) OBJECT_CHECK(IOMMUState, (obj), TYPE_SUN4M_IOMMU) | |
132 | ||
420557e8 | 133 | typedef struct IOMMUState { |
049e7d22 AF |
134 | SysBusDevice parent_obj; |
135 | ||
d224136c | 136 | MemoryRegion iomem; |
66321a11 | 137 | uint32_t regs[IOMMU_NREGS]; |
a8170e5e | 138 | hwaddr iostart; |
ff403da6 | 139 | qemu_irq irq; |
149e1ea1 | 140 | uint32_t version; |
420557e8 FB |
141 | } IOMMUState; |
142 | ||
a8170e5e | 143 | static uint64_t iommu_mem_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, |
d224136c | 144 | unsigned size) |
420557e8 FB |
145 | { |
146 | IOMMUState *s = opaque; | |
a8170e5e | 147 | hwaddr saddr; |
ff403da6 | 148 | uint32_t ret; |
420557e8 | 149 | |
8da3ff18 | 150 | saddr = addr >> 2; |
420557e8 FB |
151 | switch (saddr) { |
152 | default: | |
ff403da6 BS |
153 | ret = s->regs[saddr]; |
154 | break; | |
155 | case IOMMU_AFAR: | |
156 | case IOMMU_AFSR: | |
157 | ret = s->regs[saddr]; | |
158 | qemu_irq_lower(s->irq); | |
f930d07e | 159 | break; |
420557e8 | 160 | } |
97bf4851 | 161 | trace_sun4m_iommu_mem_readl(saddr, ret); |
ff403da6 | 162 | return ret; |
420557e8 FB |
163 | } |
164 | ||
a8170e5e | 165 | static void iommu_mem_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, |
d224136c | 166 | uint64_t val, unsigned size) |
420557e8 FB |
167 | { |
168 | IOMMUState *s = opaque; | |
a8170e5e | 169 | hwaddr saddr; |
420557e8 | 170 | |
8da3ff18 | 171 | saddr = addr >> 2; |
97bf4851 | 172 | trace_sun4m_iommu_mem_writel(saddr, val); |
420557e8 | 173 | switch (saddr) { |
4e3b1ea1 | 174 | case IOMMU_CTRL: |
f930d07e BS |
175 | switch (val & IOMMU_CTRL_RNGE) { |
176 | case IOMMU_RNGE_16MB: | |
177 | s->iostart = 0xffffffffff000000ULL; | |
178 | break; | |
179 | case IOMMU_RNGE_32MB: | |
180 | s->iostart = 0xfffffffffe000000ULL; | |
181 | break; | |
182 | case IOMMU_RNGE_64MB: | |
183 | s->iostart = 0xfffffffffc000000ULL; | |
184 | break; | |
185 | case IOMMU_RNGE_128MB: | |
186 | s->iostart = 0xfffffffff8000000ULL; | |
187 | break; | |
188 | case IOMMU_RNGE_256MB: | |
189 | s->iostart = 0xfffffffff0000000ULL; | |
190 | break; | |
191 | case IOMMU_RNGE_512MB: | |
192 | s->iostart = 0xffffffffe0000000ULL; | |
193 | break; | |
194 | case IOMMU_RNGE_1GB: | |
195 | s->iostart = 0xffffffffc0000000ULL; | |
196 | break; | |
197 | default: | |
198 | case IOMMU_RNGE_2GB: | |
199 | s->iostart = 0xffffffff80000000ULL; | |
200 | break; | |
201 | } | |
97bf4851 | 202 | trace_sun4m_iommu_mem_writel_ctrl(s->iostart); |
7fbfb139 | 203 | s->regs[saddr] = ((val & IOMMU_CTRL_MASK) | s->version); |
f930d07e | 204 | break; |
4e3b1ea1 | 205 | case IOMMU_BASE: |
f930d07e BS |
206 | s->regs[saddr] = val & IOMMU_BASE_MASK; |
207 | break; | |
4e3b1ea1 | 208 | case IOMMU_TLBFLUSH: |
97bf4851 | 209 | trace_sun4m_iommu_mem_writel_tlbflush(val); |
f930d07e BS |
210 | s->regs[saddr] = val & IOMMU_TLBFLUSH_MASK; |
211 | break; | |
4e3b1ea1 | 212 | case IOMMU_PGFLUSH: |
97bf4851 | 213 | trace_sun4m_iommu_mem_writel_pgflush(val); |
f930d07e BS |
214 | s->regs[saddr] = val & IOMMU_PGFLUSH_MASK; |
215 | break; | |
ff403da6 BS |
216 | case IOMMU_AFAR: |
217 | s->regs[saddr] = val; | |
218 | qemu_irq_lower(s->irq); | |
219 | break; | |
7b169687 BS |
220 | case IOMMU_AER: |
221 | s->regs[saddr] = (val & IOMMU_AER_MASK) | IOMMU_AER_EN_P0_ARB; | |
222 | break; | |
c52428fc BS |
223 | case IOMMU_AFSR: |
224 | s->regs[saddr] = (val & IOMMU_AFSR_MASK) | IOMMU_AFSR_RESV; | |
ff403da6 | 225 | qemu_irq_lower(s->irq); |
c52428fc | 226 | break; |
4e3b1ea1 FB |
227 | case IOMMU_SBCFG0: |
228 | case IOMMU_SBCFG1: | |
229 | case IOMMU_SBCFG2: | |
230 | case IOMMU_SBCFG3: | |
f930d07e BS |
231 | s->regs[saddr] = val & IOMMU_SBCFG_MASK; |
232 | break; | |
4e3b1ea1 FB |
233 | case IOMMU_ARBEN: |
234 | // XXX implement SBus probing: fault when reading unmapped | |
235 | // addresses, fault cause and address stored to MMU/IOMMU | |
f930d07e BS |
236 | s->regs[saddr] = (val & IOMMU_ARBEN_MASK) | IOMMU_MID; |
237 | break; | |
e5e38121 BS |
238 | case IOMMU_MASK_ID: |
239 | s->regs[saddr] |= val & IOMMU_MASK_ID_MASK; | |
240 | break; | |
420557e8 | 241 | default: |
f930d07e BS |
242 | s->regs[saddr] = val; |
243 | break; | |
420557e8 FB |
244 | } |
245 | } | |
246 | ||
d224136c AK |
247 | static const MemoryRegionOps iommu_mem_ops = { |
248 | .read = iommu_mem_read, | |
249 | .write = iommu_mem_write, | |
250 | .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN, | |
251 | .valid = { | |
252 | .min_access_size = 4, | |
253 | .max_access_size = 4, | |
254 | }, | |
420557e8 FB |
255 | }; |
256 | ||
a8170e5e | 257 | static uint32_t iommu_page_get_flags(IOMMUState *s, hwaddr addr) |
420557e8 | 258 | { |
5e3b100b | 259 | uint32_t ret; |
a8170e5e AK |
260 | hwaddr iopte; |
261 | hwaddr pa = addr; | |
420557e8 | 262 | |
981a2e99 | 263 | iopte = s->regs[IOMMU_BASE] << 4; |
66321a11 | 264 | addr &= ~s->iostart; |
8b0de438 | 265 | iopte += (addr >> (IOMMU_PAGE_SHIFT - 2)) & ~3; |
fdfba1a2 | 266 | ret = ldl_be_phys(&address_space_memory, iopte); |
97bf4851 | 267 | trace_sun4m_iommu_page_get_flags(pa, iopte, ret); |
981a2e99 | 268 | return ret; |
a917d384 PB |
269 | } |
270 | ||
a8170e5e | 271 | static hwaddr iommu_translate_pa(hwaddr addr, |
5dcb6b91 | 272 | uint32_t pte) |
a917d384 | 273 | { |
a8170e5e | 274 | hwaddr pa; |
5dcb6b91 | 275 | |
8b0de438 | 276 | pa = ((pte & IOPTE_PAGE) << 4) + (addr & ~IOMMU_PAGE_MASK); |
97bf4851 | 277 | trace_sun4m_iommu_translate_pa(addr, pa, pte); |
66321a11 | 278 | return pa; |
420557e8 FB |
279 | } |
280 | ||
a8170e5e | 281 | static void iommu_bad_addr(IOMMUState *s, hwaddr addr, |
5ad6bb97 | 282 | int is_write) |
225d4be7 | 283 | { |
97bf4851 | 284 | trace_sun4m_iommu_bad_addr(addr); |
5ad6bb97 | 285 | s->regs[IOMMU_AFSR] = IOMMU_AFSR_ERR | IOMMU_AFSR_LE | IOMMU_AFSR_RESV | |
225d4be7 BS |
286 | IOMMU_AFSR_FAV; |
287 | if (!is_write) | |
288 | s->regs[IOMMU_AFSR] |= IOMMU_AFSR_RD; | |
289 | s->regs[IOMMU_AFAR] = addr; | |
ff403da6 | 290 | qemu_irq_raise(s->irq); |
225d4be7 BS |
291 | } |
292 | ||
a8170e5e | 293 | void sparc_iommu_memory_rw(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, |
67e999be | 294 | uint8_t *buf, int len, int is_write) |
a917d384 | 295 | { |
5dcb6b91 BS |
296 | int l; |
297 | uint32_t flags; | |
a8170e5e | 298 | hwaddr page, phys_addr; |
a917d384 PB |
299 | |
300 | while (len > 0) { | |
8b0de438 BS |
301 | page = addr & IOMMU_PAGE_MASK; |
302 | l = (page + IOMMU_PAGE_SIZE) - addr; | |
a917d384 PB |
303 | if (l > len) |
304 | l = len; | |
305 | flags = iommu_page_get_flags(opaque, page); | |
225d4be7 BS |
306 | if (!(flags & IOPTE_VALID)) { |
307 | iommu_bad_addr(opaque, page, is_write); | |
a917d384 | 308 | return; |
225d4be7 | 309 | } |
22548760 | 310 | phys_addr = iommu_translate_pa(addr, flags); |
a917d384 | 311 | if (is_write) { |
225d4be7 BS |
312 | if (!(flags & IOPTE_WRITE)) { |
313 | iommu_bad_addr(opaque, page, is_write); | |
a917d384 | 314 | return; |
225d4be7 | 315 | } |
a5cdf952 | 316 | cpu_physical_memory_write(phys_addr, buf, l); |
a917d384 | 317 | } else { |
a5cdf952 | 318 | cpu_physical_memory_read(phys_addr, buf, l); |
a917d384 PB |
319 | } |
320 | len -= l; | |
321 | buf += l; | |
322 | addr += l; | |
323 | } | |
324 | } | |
325 | ||
db3c9e08 BS |
326 | static const VMStateDescription vmstate_iommu = { |
327 | .name ="iommu", | |
328 | .version_id = 2, | |
329 | .minimum_version_id = 2, | |
35d08458 | 330 | .fields = (VMStateField[]) { |
db3c9e08 BS |
331 | VMSTATE_UINT32_ARRAY(regs, IOMMUState, IOMMU_NREGS), |
332 | VMSTATE_UINT64(iostart, IOMMUState), | |
333 | VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST() | |
334 | } | |
335 | }; | |
e80cfcfc | 336 | |
1a522e8a | 337 | static void iommu_reset(DeviceState *d) |
e80cfcfc | 338 | { |
049e7d22 | 339 | IOMMUState *s = SUN4M_IOMMU(d); |
e80cfcfc | 340 | |
66321a11 | 341 | memset(s->regs, 0, IOMMU_NREGS * 4); |
e80cfcfc | 342 | s->iostart = 0; |
7fbfb139 BS |
343 | s->regs[IOMMU_CTRL] = s->version; |
344 | s->regs[IOMMU_ARBEN] = IOMMU_MID; | |
5ad6bb97 | 345 | s->regs[IOMMU_AFSR] = IOMMU_AFSR_RESV; |
7b169687 | 346 | s->regs[IOMMU_AER] = IOMMU_AER_EN_P0_ARB | IOMMU_AER_EN_P1_ARB; |
e5e38121 | 347 | s->regs[IOMMU_MASK_ID] = IOMMU_TS_MASK; |
e80cfcfc FB |
348 | } |
349 | ||
81a322d4 | 350 | static int iommu_init1(SysBusDevice *dev) |
5f750b2e | 351 | { |
049e7d22 | 352 | IOMMUState *s = SUN4M_IOMMU(dev); |
420557e8 | 353 | |
5f750b2e | 354 | sysbus_init_irq(dev, &s->irq); |
420557e8 | 355 | |
3eadad55 | 356 | memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem, OBJECT(s), &iommu_mem_ops, s, "iommu", |
d224136c | 357 | IOMMU_NREGS * sizeof(uint32_t)); |
750ecd44 | 358 | sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->iomem); |
3b46e624 | 359 | |
81a322d4 | 360 | return 0; |
420557e8 | 361 | } |
5f750b2e | 362 | |
999e12bb | 363 | static Property iommu_properties[] = { |
c7bcc85d | 364 | DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("version", IOMMUState, version, 0), |
999e12bb AL |
365 | DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(), |
366 | }; | |
367 | ||
368 | static void iommu_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data) | |
369 | { | |
39bffca2 | 370 | DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass); |
999e12bb AL |
371 | SysBusDeviceClass *k = SYS_BUS_DEVICE_CLASS(klass); |
372 | ||
373 | k->init = iommu_init1; | |
39bffca2 AL |
374 | dc->reset = iommu_reset; |
375 | dc->vmsd = &vmstate_iommu; | |
376 | dc->props = iommu_properties; | |
999e12bb AL |
377 | } |
378 | ||
8c43a6f0 | 379 | static const TypeInfo iommu_info = { |
049e7d22 | 380 | .name = TYPE_SUN4M_IOMMU, |
39bffca2 AL |
381 | .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE, |
382 | .instance_size = sizeof(IOMMUState), | |
383 | .class_init = iommu_class_init, | |
5f750b2e BS |
384 | }; |
385 | ||
83f7d43a | 386 | static void iommu_register_types(void) |
5f750b2e | 387 | { |
39bffca2 | 388 | type_register_static(&iommu_info); |
5f750b2e BS |
389 | } |
390 | ||
83f7d43a | 391 | type_init(iommu_register_types) |