2 * linux/fs/ext4/balloc.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
6 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
7 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
10 * Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
14 #include <linux/time.h>
15 #include <linux/capability.h>
17 #include <linux/jbd2.h>
18 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
19 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
21 #include "ext4_jbd2.h"
24 #include <trace/events/ext4.h>
27 * balloc.c contains the blocks allocation and deallocation routines
31 * Calculate the block group number and offset, given a block number
33 void ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(struct super_block *sb, ext4_fsblk_t blocknr,
34 ext4_group_t *blockgrpp, ext4_grpblk_t *offsetp)
36 struct ext4_super_block *es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
39 blocknr = blocknr - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
40 offset = do_div(blocknr, EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb));
48 static int ext4_block_in_group(struct super_block *sb, ext4_fsblk_t block,
49 ext4_group_t block_group)
51 ext4_group_t actual_group;
52 ext4_get_group_no_and_offset(sb, block, &actual_group, NULL);
53 if (actual_group == block_group)
58 static int ext4_group_used_meta_blocks(struct super_block *sb,
59 ext4_group_t block_group,
60 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
63 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
64 /* block bitmap, inode bitmap, and inode table blocks */
65 int used_blocks = sbi->s_itb_per_group + 2;
67 if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) {
68 if (!ext4_block_in_group(sb, ext4_block_bitmap(sb, gdp),
72 if (!ext4_block_in_group(sb, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp),
76 tmp = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp);
77 for (; tmp < ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) +
78 sbi->s_itb_per_group; tmp++) {
79 if (!ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
86 /* Initializes an uninitialized block bitmap if given, and returns the
87 * number of blocks free in the group. */
88 unsigned ext4_init_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head *bh,
89 ext4_group_t block_group, struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
92 ext4_group_t ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
93 unsigned free_blocks, group_blocks;
94 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
97 J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_locked(bh));
99 /* If checksum is bad mark all blocks used to prevent allocation
100 * essentially implementing a per-group read-only flag. */
101 if (!ext4_group_desc_csum_verify(sbi, block_group, gdp)) {
102 ext4_error(sb, "Checksum bad for group %u",
104 ext4_free_blks_set(sb, gdp, 0);
105 ext4_free_inodes_set(sb, gdp, 0);
106 ext4_itable_unused_set(sb, gdp, 0);
107 memset(bh->b_data, 0xff, sb->s_blocksize);
110 memset(bh->b_data, 0, sb->s_blocksize);
113 /* Check for superblock and gdt backups in this group */
114 bit_max = ext4_bg_has_super(sb, block_group);
116 if (!EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) ||
117 block_group < le32_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_first_meta_bg) *
118 sbi->s_desc_per_block) {
120 bit_max += ext4_bg_num_gdb(sb, block_group);
122 le16_to_cpu(sbi->s_es->s_reserved_gdt_blocks);
124 } else { /* For META_BG_BLOCK_GROUPS */
125 bit_max += ext4_bg_num_gdb(sb, block_group);
128 if (block_group == ngroups - 1) {
130 * Even though mke2fs always initialize first and last group
131 * if some other tool enabled the EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT we need
132 * to make sure we calculate the right free blocks
134 group_blocks = ext4_blocks_count(sbi->s_es) -
135 ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, ngroups - 1);
137 group_blocks = EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
140 free_blocks = group_blocks - bit_max;
143 ext4_fsblk_t start, tmp;
146 for (bit = 0; bit < bit_max; bit++)
147 ext4_set_bit(bit, bh->b_data);
149 start = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
151 if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
152 EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG))
155 /* Set bits for block and inode bitmaps, and inode table */
156 tmp = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, gdp);
157 if (!flex_bg || ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
158 ext4_set_bit(tmp - start, bh->b_data);
160 tmp = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp);
161 if (!flex_bg || ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
162 ext4_set_bit(tmp - start, bh->b_data);
164 tmp = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp);
165 for (; tmp < ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) +
166 sbi->s_itb_per_group; tmp++) {
168 ext4_block_in_group(sb, tmp, block_group))
169 ext4_set_bit(tmp - start, bh->b_data);
172 * Also if the number of blocks within the group is
173 * less than the blocksize * 8 ( which is the size
174 * of bitmap ), set rest of the block bitmap to 1
176 ext4_mark_bitmap_end(group_blocks, sb->s_blocksize * 8,
179 return free_blocks - ext4_group_used_meta_blocks(sb, block_group, gdp);
184 * The free blocks are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
185 * blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
186 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
188 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
189 * super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
190 * the free blocks count in the block. The descriptors are loaded in memory
191 * when a file system is mounted (see ext4_fill_super).
195 * ext4_get_group_desc() -- load group descriptor from disk
197 * @block_group: given block group
198 * @bh: pointer to the buffer head to store the block
201 struct ext4_group_desc * ext4_get_group_desc(struct super_block *sb,
202 ext4_group_t block_group,
203 struct buffer_head **bh)
205 unsigned int group_desc;
207 ext4_group_t ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
208 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
209 struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
211 if (block_group >= ngroups) {
212 ext4_error(sb, "block_group >= groups_count - block_group = %u,"
213 " groups_count = %u", block_group, ngroups);
218 group_desc = block_group >> EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK_BITS(sb);
219 offset = block_group & (EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1);
220 if (!sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]) {
221 ext4_error(sb, "Group descriptor not loaded - "
222 "block_group = %u, group_desc = %u, desc = %u",
223 block_group, group_desc, offset);
227 desc = (struct ext4_group_desc *)(
228 (__u8 *)sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc]->b_data +
229 offset * EXT4_DESC_SIZE(sb));
231 *bh = sbi->s_group_desc[group_desc];
235 static int ext4_valid_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb,
236 struct ext4_group_desc *desc,
237 unsigned int block_group,
238 struct buffer_head *bh)
240 ext4_grpblk_t offset;
241 ext4_grpblk_t next_zero_bit;
242 ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_blk;
243 ext4_fsblk_t group_first_block;
245 if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG)) {
246 /* with FLEX_BG, the inode/block bitmaps and itable
247 * blocks may not be in the group at all
248 * so the bitmap validation will be skipped for those groups
249 * or it has to also read the block group where the bitmaps
250 * are located to verify they are set.
254 group_first_block = ext4_group_first_block_no(sb, block_group);
256 /* check whether block bitmap block number is set */
257 bitmap_blk = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, desc);
258 offset = bitmap_blk - group_first_block;
259 if (!ext4_test_bit(offset, bh->b_data))
260 /* bad block bitmap */
263 /* check whether the inode bitmap block number is set */
264 bitmap_blk = ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc);
265 offset = bitmap_blk - group_first_block;
266 if (!ext4_test_bit(offset, bh->b_data))
267 /* bad block bitmap */
270 /* check whether the inode table block number is set */
271 bitmap_blk = ext4_inode_table(sb, desc);
272 offset = bitmap_blk - group_first_block;
273 next_zero_bit = ext4_find_next_zero_bit(bh->b_data,
274 offset + EXT4_SB(sb)->s_itb_per_group,
276 if (next_zero_bit >= offset + EXT4_SB(sb)->s_itb_per_group)
277 /* good bitmap for inode tables */
281 ext4_error(sb, "Invalid block bitmap - block_group = %d, block = %llu",
282 block_group, bitmap_blk);
286 * ext4_read_block_bitmap()
288 * @block_group: given block group
290 * Read the bitmap for a given block_group,and validate the
291 * bits for block/inode/inode tables are set in the bitmaps
293 * Return buffer_head on success or NULL in case of failure.
296 ext4_read_block_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group)
298 struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
299 struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
300 ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_blk;
302 desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
305 bitmap_blk = ext4_block_bitmap(sb, desc);
306 bh = sb_getblk(sb, bitmap_blk);
308 ext4_error(sb, "Cannot read block bitmap - "
309 "block_group = %u, block_bitmap = %llu",
310 block_group, bitmap_blk);
314 if (bitmap_uptodate(bh))
318 if (bitmap_uptodate(bh)) {
322 ext4_lock_group(sb, block_group);
323 if (desc->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
324 ext4_init_block_bitmap(sb, bh, block_group, desc);
325 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
326 set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
327 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
331 ext4_unlock_group(sb, block_group);
332 if (buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
334 * if not uninit if bh is uptodate,
335 * bitmap is also uptodate
337 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
342 * submit the buffer_head for read. We can
343 * safely mark the bitmap as uptodate now.
344 * We do it here so the bitmap uptodate bit
345 * get set with buffer lock held.
347 trace_ext4_read_block_bitmap_load(sb, block_group);
348 set_bitmap_uptodate(bh);
349 if (bh_submit_read(bh) < 0) {
351 ext4_error(sb, "Cannot read block bitmap - "
352 "block_group = %u, block_bitmap = %llu",
353 block_group, bitmap_blk);
356 ext4_valid_block_bitmap(sb, desc, block_group, bh);
358 * file system mounted not to panic on error,
359 * continue with corrupt bitmap
365 * ext4_has_free_blocks()
366 * @sbi: in-core super block structure.
367 * @nblocks: number of needed blocks
369 * Check if filesystem has nblocks free & available for allocation.
370 * On success return 1, return 0 on failure.
372 static int ext4_has_free_blocks(struct ext4_sb_info *sbi,
373 s64 nblocks, unsigned int flags)
375 s64 free_blocks, dirty_blocks, root_blocks;
376 struct percpu_counter *fbc = &sbi->s_freeblocks_counter;
377 struct percpu_counter *dbc = &sbi->s_dirtyblocks_counter;
379 free_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(fbc);
380 dirty_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(dbc);
381 root_blocks = ext4_r_blocks_count(sbi->s_es);
383 if (free_blocks - (nblocks + root_blocks + dirty_blocks) <
384 EXT4_FREEBLOCKS_WATERMARK) {
385 free_blocks = percpu_counter_sum_positive(fbc);
386 dirty_blocks = percpu_counter_sum_positive(dbc);
388 /* Check whether we have space after
389 * accounting for current dirty blocks & root reserved blocks.
391 if (free_blocks >= ((root_blocks + nblocks) + dirty_blocks))
394 /* Hm, nope. Are (enough) root reserved blocks available? */
395 if (sbi->s_resuid == current_fsuid() ||
396 ((sbi->s_resgid != 0) && in_group_p(sbi->s_resgid)) ||
397 capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) ||
398 (flags & EXT4_MB_USE_ROOT_BLOCKS)) {
400 if (free_blocks >= (nblocks + dirty_blocks))
407 int ext4_claim_free_blocks(struct ext4_sb_info *sbi,
408 s64 nblocks, unsigned int flags)
410 if (ext4_has_free_blocks(sbi, nblocks, flags)) {
411 percpu_counter_add(&sbi->s_dirtyblocks_counter, nblocks);
418 * ext4_should_retry_alloc()
420 * @retries number of attemps has been made
422 * ext4_should_retry_alloc() is called when ENOSPC is returned, and if
423 * it is profitable to retry the operation, this function will wait
424 * for the current or committing transaction to complete, and then
427 * if the total number of retries exceed three times, return FALSE.
429 int ext4_should_retry_alloc(struct super_block *sb, int *retries)
431 if (!ext4_has_free_blocks(EXT4_SB(sb), 1, 0) ||
433 !EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal)
436 jbd_debug(1, "%s: retrying operation after ENOSPC\n", sb->s_id);
438 return jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal);
442 * ext4_new_meta_blocks() -- allocate block for meta data (indexing) blocks
444 * @handle: handle to this transaction
446 * @goal: given target block(filesystem wide)
447 * @count: pointer to total number of blocks needed
450 * Return 1st allocated block number on success, *count stores total account
451 * error stores in errp pointer
453 ext4_fsblk_t ext4_new_meta_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
454 ext4_fsblk_t goal, unsigned int flags,
455 unsigned long *count, int *errp)
457 struct ext4_allocation_request ar;
460 memset(&ar, 0, sizeof(ar));
461 /* Fill with neighbour allocated blocks */
464 ar.len = count ? *count : 1;
467 ret = ext4_mb_new_blocks(handle, &ar, errp);
471 * Account for the allocated meta blocks. We will never
472 * fail EDQUOT for metdata, but we do account for it.
475 ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_DELALLOC_RESERVED)) {
476 spin_lock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_block_reservation_lock);
477 EXT4_I(inode)->i_allocated_meta_blocks += ar.len;
478 spin_unlock(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_block_reservation_lock);
479 dquot_alloc_block_nofail(inode, ar.len);
485 * ext4_count_free_blocks() -- count filesystem free blocks
488 * Adds up the number of free blocks from each block group.
490 ext4_fsblk_t ext4_count_free_blocks(struct super_block *sb)
492 ext4_fsblk_t desc_count;
493 struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
495 ext4_group_t ngroups = ext4_get_groups_count(sb);
497 struct ext4_super_block *es;
498 ext4_fsblk_t bitmap_count;
500 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
502 es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
507 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
508 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
511 desc_count += ext4_free_blks_count(sb, gdp);
513 bitmap_bh = ext4_read_block_bitmap(sb, i);
514 if (bitmap_bh == NULL)
517 x = ext4_count_free(bitmap_bh, sb->s_blocksize);
518 printk(KERN_DEBUG "group %u: stored = %d, counted = %u\n",
519 i, ext4_free_blks_count(sb, gdp), x);
523 printk(KERN_DEBUG "ext4_count_free_blocks: stored = %llu"
524 ", computed = %llu, %llu\n", ext4_free_blocks_count(es),
525 desc_count, bitmap_count);
529 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
530 gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, i, NULL);
533 desc_count += ext4_free_blks_count(sb, gdp);
540 static inline int test_root(ext4_group_t a, int b)
549 static int ext4_group_sparse(ext4_group_t group)
555 return (test_root(group, 7) || test_root(group, 5) ||
556 test_root(group, 3));
560 * ext4_bg_has_super - number of blocks used by the superblock in group
561 * @sb: superblock for filesystem
562 * @group: group number to check
564 * Return the number of blocks used by the superblock (primary or backup)
565 * in this group. Currently this will be only 0 or 1.
567 int ext4_bg_has_super(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group)
569 if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
570 EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER) &&
571 !ext4_group_sparse(group))
576 static unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb_meta(struct super_block *sb,
579 unsigned long metagroup = group / EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
580 ext4_group_t first = metagroup * EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
581 ext4_group_t last = first + EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb) - 1;
583 if (group == first || group == first + 1 || group == last)
588 static unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb_nometa(struct super_block *sb,
591 if (!ext4_bg_has_super(sb, group))
594 if (EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG))
595 return le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_first_meta_bg);
597 return EXT4_SB(sb)->s_gdb_count;
601 * ext4_bg_num_gdb - number of blocks used by the group table in group
602 * @sb: superblock for filesystem
603 * @group: group number to check
605 * Return the number of blocks used by the group descriptor table
606 * (primary or backup) in this group. In the future there may be a
607 * different number of descriptor blocks in each group.
609 unsigned long ext4_bg_num_gdb(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t group)
611 unsigned long first_meta_bg =
612 le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_first_meta_bg);
613 unsigned long metagroup = group / EXT4_DESC_PER_BLOCK(sb);
615 if (!EXT4_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(sb,EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) ||
616 metagroup < first_meta_bg)
617 return ext4_bg_num_gdb_nometa(sb, group);
619 return ext4_bg_num_gdb_meta(sb,group);