1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
5 #include <linux/pid_types.h>
6 #include <linux/rculist.h>
7 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
8 #include <linux/refcount.h>
9 #include <linux/sched.h>
10 #include <linux/wait.h>
15 * A struct pid is the kernel's internal notion of a process identifier.
16 * It refers to individual tasks, process groups, and sessions. While
17 * there are processes attached to it the struct pid lives in a hash
18 * table, so it and then the processes that it refers to can be found
19 * quickly from the numeric pid value. The attached processes may be
20 * quickly accessed by following pointers from struct pid.
22 * Storing pid_t values in the kernel and referring to them later has a
23 * problem. The process originally with that pid may have exited and the
24 * pid allocator wrapped, and another process could have come along
25 * and been assigned that pid.
27 * Referring to user space processes by holding a reference to struct
28 * task_struct has a problem. When the user space process exits
29 * the now useless task_struct is still kept. A task_struct plus a
30 * stack consumes around 10K of low kernel memory. More precisely
31 * this is THREAD_SIZE + sizeof(struct task_struct). By comparison
32 * a struct pid is about 64 bytes.
34 * Holding a reference to struct pid solves both of these problems.
35 * It is small so holding a reference does not consume a lot of
36 * resources, and since a new struct pid is allocated when the numeric pid
37 * value is reused (when pids wrap around) we don't mistakenly refer to new
43 * struct upid is used to get the id of the struct pid, as it is
44 * seen in particular namespace. Later the struct pid is found with
45 * find_pid_ns() using the int nr and struct pid_namespace *ns.
50 struct pid_namespace *ns;
58 /* lists of tasks that use this pid */
59 struct hlist_head tasks[PIDTYPE_MAX];
60 struct hlist_head inodes;
61 /* wait queue for pidfd notifications */
62 wait_queue_head_t wait_pidfd;
64 struct upid numbers[];
67 extern struct pid init_struct_pid;
69 extern const struct file_operations pidfd_fops;
73 extern struct pid *pidfd_pid(const struct file *file);
74 struct pid *pidfd_get_pid(unsigned int fd, unsigned int *flags);
75 struct task_struct *pidfd_get_task(int pidfd, unsigned int *flags);
76 int pidfd_create(struct pid *pid, unsigned int flags);
77 int pidfd_prepare(struct pid *pid, unsigned int flags, struct file **ret);
79 static inline struct pid *get_pid(struct pid *pid)
82 refcount_inc(&pid->count);
86 extern void put_pid(struct pid *pid);
87 extern struct task_struct *pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
88 static inline bool pid_has_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type type)
90 return !hlist_empty(&pid->tasks[type]);
92 extern struct task_struct *get_pid_task(struct pid *pid, enum pid_type);
94 extern struct pid *get_task_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type);
97 * these helpers must be called with the tasklist_lock write-held.
99 extern void attach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
100 extern void detach_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type);
101 extern void change_pid(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type,
103 extern void exchange_tids(struct task_struct *task, struct task_struct *old);
104 extern void transfer_pid(struct task_struct *old, struct task_struct *new,
108 extern int pid_max_min, pid_max_max;
111 * look up a PID in the hash table. Must be called with the tasklist_lock
112 * or rcu_read_lock() held.
114 * find_pid_ns() finds the pid in the namespace specified
115 * find_vpid() finds the pid by its virtual id, i.e. in the current namespace
117 * see also find_task_by_vpid() set in include/linux/sched.h
119 extern struct pid *find_pid_ns(int nr, struct pid_namespace *ns);
120 extern struct pid *find_vpid(int nr);
123 * Lookup a PID in the hash table, and return with it's count elevated.
125 extern struct pid *find_get_pid(int nr);
126 extern struct pid *find_ge_pid(int nr, struct pid_namespace *);
128 extern struct pid *alloc_pid(struct pid_namespace *ns, pid_t *set_tid,
129 size_t set_tid_size);
130 extern void free_pid(struct pid *pid);
131 extern void disable_pid_allocation(struct pid_namespace *ns);
134 * ns_of_pid() returns the pid namespace in which the specified pid was
138 * ns_of_pid() is expected to be called for a process (task) that has
139 * an attached 'struct pid' (see attach_pid(), detach_pid()) i.e @pid
140 * is expected to be non-NULL. If @pid is NULL, caller should handle
141 * the resulting NULL pid-ns.
143 static inline struct pid_namespace *ns_of_pid(struct pid *pid)
145 struct pid_namespace *ns = NULL;
147 ns = pid->numbers[pid->level].ns;
152 * is_child_reaper returns true if the pid is the init process
153 * of the current namespace. As this one could be checked before
154 * pid_ns->child_reaper is assigned in copy_process, we check
155 * with the pid number.
157 static inline bool is_child_reaper(struct pid *pid)
159 return pid->numbers[pid->level].nr == 1;
163 * the helpers to get the pid's id seen from different namespaces
165 * pid_nr() : global id, i.e. the id seen from the init namespace;
166 * pid_vnr() : virtual id, i.e. the id seen from the pid namespace of
168 * pid_nr_ns() : id seen from the ns specified.
170 * see also task_xid_nr() etc in include/linux/sched.h
173 static inline pid_t pid_nr(struct pid *pid)
177 nr = pid->numbers[0].nr;
181 pid_t pid_nr_ns(struct pid *pid, struct pid_namespace *ns);
182 pid_t pid_vnr(struct pid *pid);
184 #define do_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) \
187 hlist_for_each_entry_rcu((task), \
188 &(pid)->tasks[type], pid_links[type]) {
191 * Both old and new leaders may be attached to
192 * the same pid in the middle of de_thread().
194 #define while_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) \
195 if (type == PIDTYPE_PID) \
200 #define do_each_pid_thread(pid, type, task) \
201 do_each_pid_task(pid, type, task) { \
202 struct task_struct *tg___ = task; \
203 for_each_thread(tg___, task) {
205 #define while_each_pid_thread(pid, type, task) \
208 } while_each_pid_task(pid, type, task)
210 static inline struct pid *task_pid(struct task_struct *task)
212 return task->thread_pid;
216 * the helpers to get the task's different pids as they are seen
217 * from various namespaces
219 * task_xid_nr() : global id, i.e. the id seen from the init namespace;
220 * task_xid_vnr() : virtual id, i.e. the id seen from the pid namespace of
222 * task_xid_nr_ns() : id seen from the ns specified;
224 * see also pid_nr() etc in include/linux/pid.h
226 pid_t __task_pid_nr_ns(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type, struct pid_namespace *ns);
228 static inline pid_t task_pid_nr(struct task_struct *tsk)
233 static inline pid_t task_pid_nr_ns(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns)
235 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_PID, ns);
238 static inline pid_t task_pid_vnr(struct task_struct *tsk)
240 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_PID, NULL);
244 static inline pid_t task_tgid_nr(struct task_struct *tsk)
250 * pid_alive - check that a task structure is not stale
251 * @p: Task structure to be checked.
253 * Test if a process is not yet dead (at most zombie state)
254 * If pid_alive fails, then pointers within the task structure
255 * can be stale and must not be dereferenced.
257 * Return: 1 if the process is alive. 0 otherwise.
259 static inline int pid_alive(const struct task_struct *p)
261 return p->thread_pid != NULL;
264 static inline pid_t task_pgrp_nr_ns(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns)
266 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_PGID, ns);
269 static inline pid_t task_pgrp_vnr(struct task_struct *tsk)
271 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_PGID, NULL);
275 static inline pid_t task_session_nr_ns(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns)
277 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_SID, ns);
280 static inline pid_t task_session_vnr(struct task_struct *tsk)
282 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_SID, NULL);
285 static inline pid_t task_tgid_nr_ns(struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns)
287 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_TGID, ns);
290 static inline pid_t task_tgid_vnr(struct task_struct *tsk)
292 return __task_pid_nr_ns(tsk, PIDTYPE_TGID, NULL);
295 static inline pid_t task_ppid_nr_ns(const struct task_struct *tsk, struct pid_namespace *ns)
301 pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(rcu_dereference(tsk->real_parent), ns);
307 static inline pid_t task_ppid_nr(const struct task_struct *tsk)
309 return task_ppid_nr_ns(tsk, &init_pid_ns);
312 /* Obsolete, do not use: */
313 static inline pid_t task_pgrp_nr(struct task_struct *tsk)
315 return task_pgrp_nr_ns(tsk, &init_pid_ns);
319 * is_global_init - check if a task structure is init. Since init
320 * is free to have sub-threads we need to check tgid.
321 * @tsk: Task structure to be checked.
323 * Check if a task structure is the first user space task the kernel created.
325 * Return: 1 if the task structure is init. 0 otherwise.
327 static inline int is_global_init(struct task_struct *tsk)
329 return task_tgid_nr(tsk) == 1;
332 #endif /* _LINUX_PID_H */