1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Intel SMP support routines.
7 * (c) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
12 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <linux/delay.h>
16 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
17 #include <linux/export.h>
18 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
19 #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
20 #include <linux/cache.h>
21 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
22 #include <linux/cpu.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <linux/kexec.h>
27 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
28 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
29 #include <asm/proto.h>
32 #include <asm/idtentry.h>
35 #include <asm/trace/irq_vectors.h>
36 #include <asm/kexec.h>
37 #include <asm/reboot.h>
40 * Some notes on x86 processor bugs affecting SMP operation:
42 * Pentium, Pentium Pro, II, III (and all CPUs) have bugs.
43 * The Linux implications for SMP are handled as follows:
45 * Pentium III / [Xeon]
46 * None of the E1AP-E3AP errata are visible to the user.
53 * None of the A1AP-A3AP errata are visible to the user.
60 * None of 1AP-9AP errata are visible to the normal user,
61 * except occasional delivery of 'spurious interrupt' as trap #15.
62 * This is very rare and a non-problem.
64 * 1AP. Linux maps APIC as non-cacheable
65 * 2AP. worked around in hardware
66 * 3AP. fixed in C0 and above steppings microcode update.
67 * Linux does not use excessive STARTUP_IPIs.
68 * 4AP. worked around in hardware
69 * 5AP. symmetric IO mode (normal Linux operation) not affected.
70 * 'noapic' mode has vector 0xf filled out properly.
71 * 6AP. 'noapic' mode might be affected - fixed in later steppings
72 * 7AP. We do not assume writes to the LVT deasserting IRQs
73 * 8AP. We do not enable low power mode (deep sleep) during MP bootup
74 * 9AP. We do not use mixed mode
77 * There is a marginal case where REP MOVS on 100MHz SMP
78 * machines with B stepping processors can fail. XXX should provide
79 * an L1cache=Writethrough or L1cache=off option.
81 * B stepping CPUs may hang. There are hardware work arounds
82 * for this. We warn about it in case your board doesn't have the work
83 * arounds. Basically that's so I can tell anyone with a B stepping
84 * CPU and SMP problems "tough".
86 * Specific items [From Pentium Processor Specification Update]
88 * 1AP. Linux doesn't use remote read
89 * 2AP. Linux doesn't trust APIC errors
90 * 3AP. We work around this
91 * 4AP. Linux never generated 3 interrupts of the same priority
92 * to cause a lost local interrupt.
93 * 5AP. Remote read is never used
94 * 6AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
95 * 7AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
96 * 8AP. worked around in hardware - we get explicit CS errors if not
97 * 9AP. only 'noapic' mode affected. Might generate spurious
98 * interrupts, we log only the first one and count the
100 * 10AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
101 * 11AP. Linux reads the APIC between writes to avoid this, as per
102 * the documentation. Make sure you preserve this as it affects
103 * the C stepping chips too.
104 * 12AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
105 * 13AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
106 * 14AP. we always deassert INIT during bootup
107 * 15AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
108 * 16AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
109 * 17AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
110 * 18AP. not affected - worked around in hardware
111 * 19AP. not affected - worked around in BIOS
113 * If this sounds worrying believe me these bugs are either ___RARE___,
114 * or are signal timing bugs worked around in hardware and there's
115 * about nothing of note with C stepping upwards.
118 static atomic_t stopping_cpu = ATOMIC_INIT(-1);
119 static bool smp_no_nmi_ipi = false;
121 static int smp_stop_nmi_callback(unsigned int val, struct pt_regs *regs)
123 /* We are registered on stopping cpu too, avoid spurious NMI */
124 if (raw_smp_processor_id() == atomic_read(&stopping_cpu))
127 cpu_emergency_disable_virtualization();
134 * Disable virtualization, APIC etc. and park the CPU in a HLT loop
136 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(sysvec_reboot)
139 cpu_emergency_disable_virtualization();
143 static int register_stop_handler(void)
145 return register_nmi_handler(NMI_LOCAL, smp_stop_nmi_callback,
146 NMI_FLAG_FIRST, "smp_stop");
149 static void native_stop_other_cpus(int wait)
151 unsigned int cpu = smp_processor_id();
152 unsigned long flags, timeout;
157 /* Only proceed if this is the first CPU to reach this code */
158 if (atomic_cmpxchg(&stopping_cpu, -1, cpu) != -1)
161 /* For kexec, ensure that offline CPUs are out of MWAIT and in HLT */
162 if (kexec_in_progress)
163 smp_kick_mwait_play_dead();
166 * 1) Send an IPI on the reboot vector to all other CPUs.
168 * The other CPUs should react on it after leaving critical
169 * sections and re-enabling interrupts. They might still hold
170 * locks, but there is nothing which can be done about that.
172 * 2) Wait for all other CPUs to report that they reached the
173 * HLT loop in stop_this_cpu()
175 * 3) If the system uses INIT/STARTUP for CPU bringup, then
176 * send all present CPUs an INIT vector, which brings them
177 * completely out of the way.
179 * 4) If #3 is not possible and #2 timed out send an NMI to the
180 * CPUs which did not yet report
182 * 5) Wait for all other CPUs to report that they reached the
183 * HLT loop in stop_this_cpu()
185 * #4 can obviously race against a CPU reaching the HLT loop late.
186 * That CPU will have reported already and the "have all CPUs
187 * reached HLT" condition will be true despite the fact that the
188 * other CPU is still handling the NMI. Again, there is no
189 * protection against that as "disabled" APICs still respond to
192 cpumask_copy(&cpus_stop_mask, cpu_online_mask);
193 cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &cpus_stop_mask);
195 if (!cpumask_empty(&cpus_stop_mask)) {
196 apic_send_IPI_allbutself(REBOOT_VECTOR);
199 * Don't wait longer than a second for IPI completion. The
200 * wait request is not checked here because that would
201 * prevent an NMI/INIT shutdown in case that not all
202 * CPUs reach shutdown state.
204 timeout = USEC_PER_SEC;
205 while (!cpumask_empty(&cpus_stop_mask) && timeout--)
210 * Park all other CPUs in INIT including "offline" CPUs, if
211 * possible. That's a safe place where they can't resume execution
212 * of HLT and then execute the HLT loop from overwritten text or
215 * The only downside is a broadcast MCE, but up to the point where
216 * the kexec() kernel brought all APs online again an MCE will just
217 * make HLT resume and handle the MCE. The machine crashes and burns
218 * due to overwritten text, page tables and data. So there is a
219 * choice between fire and frying pan. The result is pretty much
220 * the same. Chose frying pan until x86 provides a sane mechanism
223 if (smp_park_other_cpus_in_init())
227 * If park with INIT was not possible and the REBOOT_VECTOR didn't
228 * take all secondary CPUs offline, try with the NMI.
230 if (!cpumask_empty(&cpus_stop_mask)) {
232 * If NMI IPI is enabled, try to register the stop handler
233 * and send the IPI. In any case try to wait for the other
236 if (!smp_no_nmi_ipi && !register_stop_handler()) {
237 pr_emerg("Shutting down cpus with NMI\n");
239 for_each_cpu(cpu, &cpus_stop_mask)
240 apic->send_IPI(cpu, NMI_VECTOR);
243 * Don't wait longer than 10 ms if the caller didn't
244 * request it. If wait is true, the machine hangs here if
245 * one or more CPUs do not reach shutdown state.
247 timeout = USEC_PER_MSEC * 10;
248 while (!cpumask_empty(&cpus_stop_mask) && (wait || timeout--))
253 local_irq_save(flags);
254 disable_local_APIC();
255 mcheck_cpu_clear(this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_info));
256 local_irq_restore(flags);
259 * Ensure that the cpus_stop_mask cache lines are invalidated on
260 * the other CPUs. See comment vs. SME in stop_this_cpu().
262 cpumask_clear(&cpus_stop_mask);
266 * Reschedule call back. KVM uses this interrupt to force a cpu out of
269 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC_SIMPLE(sysvec_reschedule_ipi)
272 trace_reschedule_entry(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR);
273 inc_irq_stat(irq_resched_count);
275 trace_reschedule_exit(RESCHEDULE_VECTOR);
278 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(sysvec_call_function)
281 trace_call_function_entry(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR);
282 inc_irq_stat(irq_call_count);
283 generic_smp_call_function_interrupt();
284 trace_call_function_exit(CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR);
287 DEFINE_IDTENTRY_SYSVEC(sysvec_call_function_single)
290 trace_call_function_single_entry(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR);
291 inc_irq_stat(irq_call_count);
292 generic_smp_call_function_single_interrupt();
293 trace_call_function_single_exit(CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR);
296 static int __init nonmi_ipi_setup(char *str)
298 smp_no_nmi_ipi = true;
302 __setup("nonmi_ipi", nonmi_ipi_setup);
304 struct smp_ops smp_ops = {
305 .smp_prepare_boot_cpu = native_smp_prepare_boot_cpu,
306 .smp_prepare_cpus = native_smp_prepare_cpus,
307 .smp_cpus_done = native_smp_cpus_done,
309 .stop_other_cpus = native_stop_other_cpus,
310 #if defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE)
311 .crash_stop_other_cpus = kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus,
313 .smp_send_reschedule = native_smp_send_reschedule,
315 .kick_ap_alive = native_kick_ap,
316 .cpu_disable = native_cpu_disable,
317 .play_dead = native_play_dead,
319 .send_call_func_ipi = native_send_call_func_ipi,
320 .send_call_func_single_ipi = native_send_call_func_single_ipi,
322 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(smp_ops);