2 * CUSE: Character device in Userspace
4 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 SUSE Linux Products GmbH
7 * This file is released under the GPLv2.
9 * CUSE enables character devices to be implemented from userland much
10 * like FUSE allows filesystems. On initialization /dev/cuse is
11 * created. By opening the file and replying to the CUSE_INIT request
12 * userland CUSE server can create a character device. After that the
13 * operation is very similar to FUSE.
15 * A CUSE instance involves the following objects.
17 * cuse_conn : contains fuse_conn and serves as bonding structure
18 * channel : file handle connected to the userland CUSE server
19 * cdev : the implemented character device
20 * dev : generic device for cdev
22 * Note that 'channel' is what 'dev' is in FUSE. As CUSE deals with
23 * devices, it's called 'channel' to reduce confusion.
25 * channel determines when the character device dies. When channel is
26 * closed, everything begins to destruct. The cuse_conn is taken off
27 * the lookup table preventing further access from cdev, cdev and
28 * generic device are removed and the base reference of cuse_conn is
31 * On each open, the matching cuse_conn is looked up and if found an
32 * additional reference is taken which is released when the file is
36 #include <linux/fuse.h>
37 #include <linux/cdev.h>
38 #include <linux/device.h>
39 #include <linux/file.h>
41 #include <linux/aio.h>
42 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
43 #include <linux/kthread.h>
44 #include <linux/list.h>
45 #include <linux/magic.h>
46 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
47 #include <linux/mutex.h>
48 #include <linux/slab.h>
49 #include <linux/stat.h>
50 #include <linux/module.h>
54 #define CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN 64
57 struct list_head list; /* linked on cuse_conntbl */
58 struct fuse_conn fc; /* fuse connection */
59 struct cdev *cdev; /* associated character device */
60 struct device *dev; /* device representing @cdev */
62 /* init parameters, set once during initialization */
63 bool unrestricted_ioctl;
66 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cuse_lock); /* protects registration */
67 static struct list_head cuse_conntbl[CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
68 static struct class *cuse_class;
70 static struct cuse_conn *fc_to_cc(struct fuse_conn *fc)
72 return container_of(fc, struct cuse_conn, fc);
75 static struct list_head *cuse_conntbl_head(dev_t devt)
77 return &cuse_conntbl[(MAJOR(devt) + MINOR(devt)) % CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN];
81 /**************************************************************************
82 * CUSE frontend operations
84 * These are file operations for the character device.
86 * On open, CUSE opens a file from the FUSE mnt and stores it to
87 * private_data of the open file. All other ops call FUSE ops on the
91 static ssize_t cuse_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
95 struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = buf, .iov_len = count };
96 struct fuse_io_priv io = { .async = 0, .file = file };
98 return fuse_direct_io(&io, &iov, 1, count, &pos, FUSE_DIO_CUSE);
101 static ssize_t cuse_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
102 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
105 struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = (void __user *)buf, .iov_len = count };
106 struct fuse_io_priv io = { .async = 0, .file = file };
109 * No locking or generic_write_checks(), the server is
110 * responsible for locking and sanity checks.
112 return fuse_direct_io(&io, &iov, 1, count, &pos,
113 FUSE_DIO_WRITE | FUSE_DIO_CUSE);
116 static int cuse_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
118 dev_t devt = inode->i_cdev->dev;
119 struct cuse_conn *cc = NULL, *pos;
122 /* look up and get the connection */
123 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
124 list_for_each_entry(pos, cuse_conntbl_head(devt), list)
125 if (pos->dev->devt == devt) {
126 fuse_conn_get(&pos->fc);
130 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
137 * Generic permission check is already done against the chrdev
138 * file, proceed to open.
140 rc = fuse_do_open(&cc->fc, 0, file, 0);
142 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
146 static int cuse_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
148 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
149 struct fuse_conn *fc = ff->fc;
151 fuse_sync_release(ff, file->f_flags);
157 static long cuse_file_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
160 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
161 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
162 unsigned int flags = 0;
164 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
165 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
167 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
170 static long cuse_file_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
173 struct fuse_file *ff = file->private_data;
174 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(ff->fc);
175 unsigned int flags = FUSE_IOCTL_COMPAT;
177 if (cc->unrestricted_ioctl)
178 flags |= FUSE_IOCTL_UNRESTRICTED;
180 return fuse_do_ioctl(file, cmd, arg, flags);
183 static const struct file_operations cuse_frontend_fops = {
184 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
188 .release = cuse_release,
189 .unlocked_ioctl = cuse_file_ioctl,
190 .compat_ioctl = cuse_file_compat_ioctl,
191 .poll = fuse_file_poll,
192 .llseek = noop_llseek,
196 /**************************************************************************
197 * CUSE channel initialization and destruction
200 struct cuse_devinfo {
205 * cuse_parse_one - parse one key=value pair
206 * @pp: i/o parameter for the current position
207 * @end: points to one past the end of the packed string
208 * @keyp: out parameter for key
209 * @valp: out parameter for value
211 * *@pp points to packed strings - "key0=val0\0key1=val1\0" which ends
212 * at @end - 1. This function parses one pair and set *@keyp to the
213 * start of the key and *@valp to the start of the value. Note that
214 * the original string is modified such that the key string is
215 * terminated with '\0'. *@pp is updated to point to the next string.
218 * 1 on successful parse, 0 on EOF, -errno on failure.
220 static int cuse_parse_one(char **pp, char *end, char **keyp, char **valp)
225 while (p < end && *p == '\0')
230 if (end[-1] != '\0') {
231 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: info not properly terminated\n");
241 val = key + strlen(key);
248 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: zero length info key specified\n");
261 * cuse_parse_dev_info - parse device info
262 * @p: device info string
263 * @len: length of device info string
264 * @devinfo: out parameter for parsed device info
266 * Parse @p to extract device info and store it into @devinfo. String
267 * pointed to by @p is modified by parsing and @devinfo points into
268 * them, so @p shouldn't be freed while @devinfo is in use.
271 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
273 static int cuse_parse_devinfo(char *p, size_t len, struct cuse_devinfo *devinfo)
276 char *uninitialized_var(key), *uninitialized_var(val);
280 rc = cuse_parse_one(&p, end, &key, &val);
285 if (strcmp(key, "DEVNAME") == 0)
288 printk(KERN_WARNING "CUSE: unknown device info \"%s\"\n",
292 if (!devinfo->name || !strlen(devinfo->name)) {
293 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: DEVNAME unspecified\n");
300 static void cuse_gendev_release(struct device *dev)
306 * cuse_process_init_reply - finish initializing CUSE channel
308 * This function creates the character device and sets up all the
309 * required data structures for it. Please read the comment at the
310 * top of this file for high level overview.
312 static void cuse_process_init_reply(struct fuse_conn *fc, struct fuse_req *req)
314 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc), *pos;
315 struct cuse_init_out *arg = req->out.args[0].value;
316 struct page *page = req->pages[0];
317 struct cuse_devinfo devinfo = { };
323 if (req->out.h.error ||
324 arg->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || arg->minor < 11) {
328 fc->minor = arg->minor;
329 fc->max_read = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_read, 4096);
330 fc->max_write = max_t(unsigned, arg->max_write, 4096);
332 /* parse init reply */
333 cc->unrestricted_ioctl = arg->flags & CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
335 rc = cuse_parse_devinfo(page_address(page), req->out.args[1].size,
340 /* determine and reserve devt */
341 devt = MKDEV(arg->dev_major, arg->dev_minor);
343 rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&devt, MINOR(devt), 1, devinfo.name);
345 rc = register_chrdev_region(devt, 1, devinfo.name);
347 printk(KERN_ERR "CUSE: failed to register chrdev region\n");
351 /* devt determined, create device */
353 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
357 device_initialize(dev);
358 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 1);
359 dev->class = cuse_class;
361 dev->release = cuse_gendev_release;
362 dev_set_drvdata(dev, cc);
363 dev_set_name(dev, "%s", devinfo.name);
365 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
367 /* make sure the device-name is unique */
368 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; ++i) {
369 list_for_each_entry(pos, &cuse_conntbl[i], list)
370 if (!strcmp(dev_name(pos->dev), dev_name(dev)))
374 rc = device_add(dev);
384 cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
385 cdev->ops = &cuse_frontend_fops;
387 rc = cdev_add(cdev, devt, 1);
394 /* make the device available */
395 list_add(&cc->list, cuse_conntbl_head(devt));
396 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
398 /* announce device availability */
399 dev_set_uevent_suppress(dev, 0);
400 kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
409 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
412 unregister_chrdev_region(devt, 1);
418 static int cuse_send_init(struct cuse_conn *cc)
421 struct fuse_req *req;
423 struct fuse_conn *fc = &cc->fc;
424 struct cuse_init_in *arg;
427 BUILD_BUG_ON(CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX > PAGE_SIZE);
429 req = fuse_get_req_for_background(fc, 1);
436 page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
440 outarg = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cuse_init_out), GFP_KERNEL);
444 arg = &req->misc.cuse_init_in;
445 arg->major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
446 arg->minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
447 arg->flags |= CUSE_UNRESTRICTED_IOCTL;
448 req->in.h.opcode = CUSE_INIT;
450 req->in.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_in);
451 req->in.args[0].value = arg;
452 req->out.numargs = 2;
453 req->out.args[0].size = sizeof(struct cuse_init_out);
454 req->out.args[0].value = outarg;
455 req->out.args[1].size = CUSE_INIT_INFO_MAX;
457 req->out.argpages = 1;
458 req->pages[0] = page;
459 req->page_descs[0].length = req->out.args[1].size;
461 req->end = cuse_process_init_reply;
462 fuse_request_send_background(fc, req);
469 fuse_put_request(fc, req);
474 static void cuse_fc_release(struct fuse_conn *fc)
476 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(fc);
477 kfree_rcu(cc, fc.rcu);
481 * cuse_channel_open - open method for /dev/cuse
482 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
483 * @file: file struct being opened
485 * Userland CUSE server can create a CUSE device by opening /dev/cuse
486 * and replying to the initialization request kernel sends. This
487 * function is responsible for handling CUSE device initialization.
488 * Because the fd opened by this function is used during
489 * initialization, this function only creates cuse_conn and sends
490 * init. The rest is delegated to a kthread.
493 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
495 static int cuse_channel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
497 struct cuse_conn *cc;
500 /* set up cuse_conn */
501 cc = kzalloc(sizeof(*cc), GFP_KERNEL);
505 fuse_conn_init(&cc->fc);
507 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc->list);
508 cc->fc.release = cuse_fc_release;
510 cc->fc.connected = 1;
511 cc->fc.initialized = 1;
512 rc = cuse_send_init(cc);
514 fuse_conn_put(&cc->fc);
517 file->private_data = &cc->fc; /* channel owns base reference to cc */
523 * cuse_channel_release - release method for /dev/cuse
524 * @inode: inode for /dev/cuse
525 * @file: file struct being closed
527 * Disconnect the channel, deregister CUSE device and initiate
528 * destruction by putting the default reference.
531 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
533 static int cuse_channel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
535 struct cuse_conn *cc = fc_to_cc(file->private_data);
538 /* remove from the conntbl, no more access from this point on */
539 mutex_lock(&cuse_lock);
540 list_del_init(&cc->list);
541 mutex_unlock(&cuse_lock);
545 device_unregister(cc->dev);
547 unregister_chrdev_region(cc->cdev->dev, 1);
551 rc = fuse_dev_release(inode, file); /* puts the base reference */
556 static struct file_operations cuse_channel_fops; /* initialized during init */
559 /**************************************************************************
560 * Misc stuff and module initializatiion
562 * CUSE exports the same set of attributes to sysfs as fusectl.
565 static ssize_t cuse_class_waiting_show(struct device *dev,
566 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
568 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
570 return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", atomic_read(&cc->fc.num_waiting));
572 static DEVICE_ATTR(waiting, 0400, cuse_class_waiting_show, NULL);
574 static ssize_t cuse_class_abort_store(struct device *dev,
575 struct device_attribute *attr,
576 const char *buf, size_t count)
578 struct cuse_conn *cc = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
580 fuse_abort_conn(&cc->fc);
583 static DEVICE_ATTR(abort, 0200, NULL, cuse_class_abort_store);
585 static struct attribute *cuse_class_dev_attrs[] = {
586 &dev_attr_waiting.attr,
587 &dev_attr_abort.attr,
590 ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(cuse_class_dev);
592 static struct miscdevice cuse_miscdev = {
595 .fops = &cuse_channel_fops,
598 MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(CUSE_MINOR);
599 MODULE_ALIAS("devname:cuse");
601 static int __init cuse_init(void)
606 for (i = 0; i < CUSE_CONNTBL_LEN; i++)
607 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cuse_conntbl[i]);
609 /* inherit and extend fuse_dev_operations */
610 cuse_channel_fops = fuse_dev_operations;
611 cuse_channel_fops.owner = THIS_MODULE;
612 cuse_channel_fops.open = cuse_channel_open;
613 cuse_channel_fops.release = cuse_channel_release;
615 cuse_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "cuse");
616 if (IS_ERR(cuse_class))
617 return PTR_ERR(cuse_class);
619 cuse_class->dev_groups = cuse_class_dev_groups;
621 rc = misc_register(&cuse_miscdev);
623 class_destroy(cuse_class);
630 static void __exit cuse_exit(void)
632 misc_deregister(&cuse_miscdev);
633 class_destroy(cuse_class);
636 module_init(cuse_init);
637 module_exit(cuse_exit);
640 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Character device in Userspace");
641 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");