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1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * arch/arm/kernel/unwind.c
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2008 ARM Limited
6  *
7  * Stack unwinding support for ARM
8  *
9  * An ARM EABI version of gcc is required to generate the unwind
10  * tables. For information about the structure of the unwind tables,
11  * see "Exception Handling ABI for the ARM Architecture" at:
12  *
13  * http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.subset.swdev.abi/index.html
14  */
15
16 #ifndef __CHECKER__
17 #if !defined (__ARM_EABI__)
18 #warning Your compiler does not have EABI support.
19 #warning    ARM unwind is known to compile only with EABI compilers.
20 #warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
21 #endif
22 #endif /* __CHECKER__ */
23
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/init.h>
26 #include <linux/export.h>
27 #include <linux/sched.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
30 #include <linux/list.h>
31 #include <linux/module.h>
32
33 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
34 #include <asm/traps.h>
35 #include <asm/unwind.h>
36
37 #include "reboot.h"
38
39 /* Dummy functions to avoid linker complaints */
40 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0(void)
41 {
42 };
43 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0);
44
45 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1(void)
46 {
47 };
48 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1);
49
50 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2(void)
51 {
52 };
53 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2);
54
55 struct unwind_ctrl_block {
56         unsigned long vrs[16];          /* virtual register set */
57         const unsigned long *insn;      /* pointer to the current instructions word */
58         unsigned long sp_high;          /* highest value of sp allowed */
59         unsigned long *lr_addr;         /* address of LR value on the stack */
60         /*
61          * 1 : check for stack overflow for each register pop.
62          * 0 : save overhead if there is plenty of stack remaining.
63          */
64         int check_each_pop;
65         int entries;                    /* number of entries left to interpret */
66         int byte;                       /* current byte number in the instructions word */
67 };
68
69 enum regs {
70 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
71         FP = 7,
72 #else
73         FP = 11,
74 #endif
75         SP = 13,
76         LR = 14,
77         PC = 15
78 };
79
80 extern const struct unwind_idx __start_unwind_idx[];
81 static const struct unwind_idx *__origin_unwind_idx;
82 extern const struct unwind_idx __stop_unwind_idx[];
83
84 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(unwind_lock);
85 static LIST_HEAD(unwind_tables);
86
87 /* Convert a prel31 symbol to an absolute address */
88 #define prel31_to_addr(ptr)                             \
89 ({                                                      \
90         /* sign-extend to 32 bits */                    \
91         long offset = (((long)*(ptr)) << 1) >> 1;       \
92         (unsigned long)(ptr) + offset;                  \
93 })
94
95 /*
96  * Binary search in the unwind index. The entries are
97  * guaranteed to be sorted in ascending order by the linker.
98  *
99  * start = first entry
100  * origin = first entry with positive offset (or stop if there is no such entry)
101  * stop - 1 = last entry
102  */
103 static const struct unwind_idx *search_index(unsigned long addr,
104                                        const struct unwind_idx *start,
105                                        const struct unwind_idx *origin,
106                                        const struct unwind_idx *stop)
107 {
108         unsigned long addr_prel31;
109
110         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %p, %p, %p)\n",
111                         __func__, addr, start, origin, stop);
112
113         /*
114          * only search in the section with the matching sign. This way the
115          * prel31 numbers can be compared as unsigned longs.
116          */
117         if (addr < (unsigned long)start)
118                 /* negative offsets: [start; origin) */
119                 stop = origin;
120         else
121                 /* positive offsets: [origin; stop) */
122                 start = origin;
123
124         /* prel31 for address relavive to start */
125         addr_prel31 = (addr - (unsigned long)start) & 0x7fffffff;
126
127         while (start < stop - 1) {
128                 const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);
129
130                 /*
131                  * As addr_prel31 is relative to start an offset is needed to
132                  * make it relative to mid.
133                  */
134                 if (addr_prel31 - ((unsigned long)mid - (unsigned long)start) <
135                                 mid->addr_offset)
136                         stop = mid;
137                 else {
138                         /* keep addr_prel31 relative to start */
139                         addr_prel31 -= ((unsigned long)mid -
140                                         (unsigned long)start);
141                         start = mid;
142                 }
143         }
144
145         if (likely(start->addr_offset <= addr_prel31))
146                 return start;
147         else {
148                 pr_warn("unwind: Unknown symbol address %08lx\n", addr);
149                 return NULL;
150         }
151 }
152
153 static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_origin(
154                 const struct unwind_idx *start, const struct unwind_idx *stop)
155 {
156         pr_debug("%s(%p, %p)\n", __func__, start, stop);
157         while (start < stop) {
158                 const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);
159
160                 if (mid->addr_offset >= 0x40000000)
161                         /* negative offset */
162                         start = mid + 1;
163                 else
164                         /* positive offset */
165                         stop = mid;
166         }
167         pr_debug("%s -> %p\n", __func__, stop);
168         return stop;
169 }
170
171 static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_idx(unsigned long addr)
172 {
173         const struct unwind_idx *idx = NULL;
174         unsigned long flags;
175
176         pr_debug("%s(%08lx)\n", __func__, addr);
177
178         if (core_kernel_text(addr)) {
179                 if (unlikely(!__origin_unwind_idx))
180                         __origin_unwind_idx =
181                                 unwind_find_origin(__start_unwind_idx,
182                                                 __stop_unwind_idx);
183
184                 /* main unwind table */
185                 idx = search_index(addr, __start_unwind_idx,
186                                    __origin_unwind_idx,
187                                    __stop_unwind_idx);
188         } else {
189                 /* module unwind tables */
190                 struct unwind_table *table;
191
192                 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
193                 list_for_each_entry(table, &unwind_tables, list) {
194                         if (addr >= table->begin_addr &&
195                             addr < table->end_addr) {
196                                 idx = search_index(addr, table->start,
197                                                    table->origin,
198                                                    table->stop);
199                                 /* Move-to-front to exploit common traces */
200                                 list_move(&table->list, &unwind_tables);
201                                 break;
202                         }
203                 }
204                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
205         }
206
207         pr_debug("%s: idx = %p\n", __func__, idx);
208         return idx;
209 }
210
211 static unsigned long unwind_get_byte(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
212 {
213         unsigned long ret;
214
215         if (ctrl->entries <= 0) {
216                 pr_warn("unwind: Corrupt unwind table\n");
217                 return 0;
218         }
219
220         ret = (*ctrl->insn >> (ctrl->byte * 8)) & 0xff;
221
222         if (ctrl->byte == 0) {
223                 ctrl->insn++;
224                 ctrl->entries--;
225                 ctrl->byte = 3;
226         } else
227                 ctrl->byte--;
228
229         return ret;
230 }
231
232 /* Before poping a register check whether it is feasible or not */
233 static int unwind_pop_register(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
234                                 unsigned long **vsp, unsigned int reg)
235 {
236         if (unlikely(ctrl->check_each_pop))
237                 if (*vsp >= (unsigned long *)ctrl->sp_high)
238                         return -URC_FAILURE;
239
240         /* Use READ_ONCE_NOCHECK here to avoid this memory access
241          * from being tracked by KASAN.
242          */
243         ctrl->vrs[reg] = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*(*vsp));
244         if (reg == 14)
245                 ctrl->lr_addr = *vsp;
246         (*vsp)++;
247         return URC_OK;
248 }
249
250 /* Helper functions to execute the instructions */
251 static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
252                                                 unsigned long mask)
253 {
254         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
255         int load_sp, reg = 4;
256
257         load_sp = mask & (1 << (13 - 4));
258         while (mask) {
259                 if (mask & 1)
260                         if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
261                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
262                 mask >>= 1;
263                 reg++;
264         }
265         if (!load_sp) {
266                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
267         }
268
269         return URC_OK;
270 }
271
272 static int unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
273                                         unsigned long insn)
274 {
275         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
276         int reg;
277
278         /* pop R4-R[4+bbb] */
279         for (reg = 4; reg <= 4 + (insn & 7); reg++)
280                 if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
281                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
282
283         if (insn & 0x8)
284                 if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, 14))
285                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
286
287         ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
288
289         return URC_OK;
290 }
291
292 static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
293                                                 unsigned long mask)
294 {
295         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
296         int reg = 0;
297
298         /* pop R0-R3 according to mask */
299         while (mask) {
300                 if (mask & 1)
301                         if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
302                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
303                 mask >>= 1;
304                 reg++;
305         }
306         ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
307
308         return URC_OK;
309 }
310
311 /*
312  * Execute the current unwind instruction.
313  */
314 static int unwind_exec_insn(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
315 {
316         unsigned long insn = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
317         int ret = URC_OK;
318
319         pr_debug("%s: insn = %08lx\n", __func__, insn);
320
321         if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x00)
322                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
323         else if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x40) {
324                 ctrl->vrs[SP] -= ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
325         } else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x80) {
326                 unsigned long mask;
327
328                 insn = (insn << 8) | unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
329                 mask = insn & 0x0fff;
330                 if (mask == 0) {
331                         pr_warn("unwind: 'Refuse to unwind' instruction %04lx\n",
332                                 insn);
333                         return -URC_FAILURE;
334                 }
335
336                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(ctrl, mask);
337                 if (ret)
338                         goto error;
339         } else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x90 &&
340                    (insn & 0x0d) != 0x0d) {
341                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = ctrl->vrs[insn & 0x0f];
342         } else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0xa0) {
343                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(ctrl, insn);
344                 if (ret)
345                         goto error;
346         } else if (insn == 0xb0) {
347                 if (ctrl->vrs[PC] == 0)
348                         ctrl->vrs[PC] = ctrl->vrs[LR];
349                 /* no further processing */
350                 ctrl->entries = 0;
351         } else if (insn == 0xb1) {
352                 unsigned long mask = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
353
354                 if (mask == 0 || mask & 0xf0) {
355                         pr_warn("unwind: Spare encoding %04lx\n",
356                                 (insn << 8) | mask);
357                         return -URC_FAILURE;
358                 }
359
360                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(ctrl, mask);
361                 if (ret)
362                         goto error;
363         } else if (insn == 0xb2) {
364                 unsigned long uleb128 = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
365
366                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += 0x204 + (uleb128 << 2);
367         } else {
368                 pr_warn("unwind: Unhandled instruction %02lx\n", insn);
369                 return -URC_FAILURE;
370         }
371
372         pr_debug("%s: fp = %08lx sp = %08lx lr = %08lx pc = %08lx\n", __func__,
373                  ctrl->vrs[FP], ctrl->vrs[SP], ctrl->vrs[LR], ctrl->vrs[PC]);
374
375 error:
376         return ret;
377 }
378
379 /*
380  * Unwind a single frame starting with *sp for the symbol at *pc. It
381  * updates the *pc and *sp with the new values.
382  */
383 int unwind_frame(struct stackframe *frame)
384 {
385         const struct unwind_idx *idx;
386         struct unwind_ctrl_block ctrl;
387         unsigned long sp_low;
388
389         /* store the highest address on the stack to avoid crossing it*/
390         sp_low = frame->sp;
391         ctrl.sp_high = ALIGN(sp_low - THREAD_SIZE, THREAD_ALIGN)
392                        + THREAD_SIZE;
393
394         pr_debug("%s(pc = %08lx lr = %08lx sp = %08lx)\n", __func__,
395                  frame->pc, frame->lr, frame->sp);
396
397         idx = unwind_find_idx(frame->pc);
398         if (!idx) {
399                 if (frame->pc && kernel_text_address(frame->pc)) {
400                         if (in_module_plt(frame->pc) && frame->pc != frame->lr) {
401                                 /*
402                                  * Quoting Ard: Veneers only set PC using a
403                                  * PC+immediate LDR, and so they don't affect
404                                  * the state of the stack or the register file
405                                  */
406                                 frame->pc = frame->lr;
407                                 return URC_OK;
408                         }
409                         pr_warn("unwind: Index not found %08lx\n", frame->pc);
410                 }
411                 return -URC_FAILURE;
412         }
413
414         ctrl.vrs[FP] = frame->fp;
415         ctrl.vrs[SP] = frame->sp;
416         ctrl.vrs[LR] = frame->lr;
417         ctrl.vrs[PC] = 0;
418
419         if (idx->insn == 1)
420                 /* can't unwind */
421                 return -URC_FAILURE;
422         else if (frame->pc == prel31_to_addr(&idx->addr_offset)) {
423                 /*
424                  * Unwinding is tricky when we're halfway through the prologue,
425                  * since the stack frame that the unwinder expects may not be
426                  * fully set up yet. However, one thing we do know for sure is
427                  * that if we are unwinding from the very first instruction of
428                  * a function, we are still effectively in the stack frame of
429                  * the caller, and the unwind info has no relevance yet.
430                  */
431                 if (frame->pc == frame->lr)
432                         return -URC_FAILURE;
433                 frame->pc = frame->lr;
434                 return URC_OK;
435         } else if ((idx->insn & 0x80000000) == 0)
436                 /* prel31 to the unwind table */
437                 ctrl.insn = (unsigned long *)prel31_to_addr(&idx->insn);
438         else if ((idx->insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
439                 /* only personality routine 0 supported in the index */
440                 ctrl.insn = &idx->insn;
441         else {
442                 pr_warn("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx in the index at %p\n",
443                         idx->insn, idx);
444                 return -URC_FAILURE;
445         }
446
447         /* check the personality routine */
448         if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000) {
449                 ctrl.byte = 2;
450                 ctrl.entries = 1;
451         } else if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x81000000) {
452                 ctrl.byte = 1;
453                 ctrl.entries = 1 + ((*ctrl.insn & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
454         } else {
455                 pr_warn("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx at %p\n",
456                         *ctrl.insn, ctrl.insn);
457                 return -URC_FAILURE;
458         }
459
460         ctrl.check_each_pop = 0;
461
462         if (prel31_to_addr(&idx->addr_offset) == (u32)&call_with_stack) {
463                 /*
464                  * call_with_stack() is the only place where we permit SP to
465                  * jump from one stack to another, and since we know it is
466                  * guaranteed to happen, set up the SP bounds accordingly.
467                  */
468                 sp_low = frame->fp;
469                 ctrl.sp_high = ALIGN(frame->fp, THREAD_SIZE);
470         }
471
472         while (ctrl.entries > 0) {
473                 int urc;
474                 if ((ctrl.sp_high - ctrl.vrs[SP]) < sizeof(ctrl.vrs))
475                         ctrl.check_each_pop = 1;
476                 urc = unwind_exec_insn(&ctrl);
477                 if (urc < 0)
478                         return urc;
479                 if (ctrl.vrs[SP] < sp_low || ctrl.vrs[SP] > ctrl.sp_high)
480                         return -URC_FAILURE;
481         }
482
483         if (ctrl.vrs[PC] == 0)
484                 ctrl.vrs[PC] = ctrl.vrs[LR];
485
486         /* check for infinite loop */
487         if (frame->pc == ctrl.vrs[PC] && frame->sp == ctrl.vrs[SP])
488                 return -URC_FAILURE;
489
490         frame->fp = ctrl.vrs[FP];
491         frame->sp = ctrl.vrs[SP];
492         frame->lr = ctrl.vrs[LR];
493         frame->pc = ctrl.vrs[PC];
494         frame->lr_addr = ctrl.lr_addr;
495
496         return URC_OK;
497 }
498
499 void unwind_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk,
500                       const char *loglvl)
501 {
502         struct stackframe frame;
503
504         pr_debug("%s(regs = %p tsk = %p)\n", __func__, regs, tsk);
505
506         if (!tsk)
507                 tsk = current;
508
509         if (regs) {
510                 arm_get_current_stackframe(regs, &frame);
511                 /* PC might be corrupted, use LR in that case. */
512                 if (!kernel_text_address(regs->ARM_pc))
513                         frame.pc = regs->ARM_lr;
514         } else if (tsk == current) {
515                 frame.fp = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(0);
516                 frame.sp = current_stack_pointer;
517                 frame.lr = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
518                 /* We are saving the stack and execution state at this
519                  * point, so we should ensure that frame.pc is within
520                  * this block of code.
521                  */
522 here:
523                 frame.pc = (unsigned long)&&here;
524         } else {
525                 /* task blocked in __switch_to */
526                 frame.fp = thread_saved_fp(tsk);
527                 frame.sp = thread_saved_sp(tsk);
528                 /*
529                  * The function calling __switch_to cannot be a leaf function
530                  * so LR is recovered from the stack.
531                  */
532                 frame.lr = 0;
533                 frame.pc = thread_saved_pc(tsk);
534         }
535
536         while (1) {
537                 int urc;
538                 unsigned long where = frame.pc;
539
540                 urc = unwind_frame(&frame);
541                 if (urc < 0)
542                         break;
543                 dump_backtrace_entry(where, frame.pc, frame.sp - 4, loglvl);
544         }
545 }
546
547 struct unwind_table *unwind_table_add(unsigned long start, unsigned long size,
548                                       unsigned long text_addr,
549                                       unsigned long text_size)
550 {
551         unsigned long flags;
552         struct unwind_table *tab = kmalloc(sizeof(*tab), GFP_KERNEL);
553
554         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %08lx, %08lx, %08lx)\n", __func__, start, size,
555                  text_addr, text_size);
556
557         if (!tab)
558                 return tab;
559
560         tab->start = (const struct unwind_idx *)start;
561         tab->stop = (const struct unwind_idx *)(start + size);
562         tab->origin = unwind_find_origin(tab->start, tab->stop);
563         tab->begin_addr = text_addr;
564         tab->end_addr = text_addr + text_size;
565
566         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
567         list_add_tail(&tab->list, &unwind_tables);
568         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
569
570         return tab;
571 }
572
573 void unwind_table_del(struct unwind_table *tab)
574 {
575         unsigned long flags;
576
577         if (!tab)
578                 return;
579
580         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
581         list_del(&tab->list);
582         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
583
584         kfree(tab);
585 }
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