1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Contiguous Memory Allocator
5 * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 by Samsung Electronics.
6 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2013
7 * Copyright LG Electronics Inc., 2014
15 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "cma: " fmt
17 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
19 #include <linux/memblock.h>
20 #include <linux/err.h>
22 #include <linux/sizes.h>
23 #include <linux/slab.h>
24 #include <linux/log2.h>
25 #include <linux/cma.h>
26 #include <linux/highmem.h>
28 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
29 #include <trace/events/cma.h>
34 struct cma cma_areas[MAX_CMA_AREAS];
35 unsigned cma_area_count;
36 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cma_mutex);
38 phys_addr_t cma_get_base(const struct cma *cma)
40 return PFN_PHYS(cma->base_pfn);
43 unsigned long cma_get_size(const struct cma *cma)
45 return cma->count << PAGE_SHIFT;
48 const char *cma_get_name(const struct cma *cma)
53 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(const struct cma *cma,
54 unsigned int align_order)
56 if (align_order <= cma->order_per_bit)
58 return (1UL << (align_order - cma->order_per_bit)) - 1;
62 * Find the offset of the base PFN from the specified align_order.
63 * The value returned is represented in order_per_bits.
65 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(const struct cma *cma,
66 unsigned int align_order)
68 return (cma->base_pfn & ((1UL << align_order) - 1))
69 >> cma->order_per_bit;
72 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(const struct cma *cma,
75 return ALIGN(pages, 1UL << cma->order_per_bit) >> cma->order_per_bit;
78 static void cma_clear_bitmap(struct cma *cma, unsigned long pfn,
81 unsigned long bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
84 bitmap_no = (pfn - cma->base_pfn) >> cma->order_per_bit;
85 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
87 spin_lock_irqsave(&cma->lock, flags);
88 bitmap_clear(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
89 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cma->lock, flags);
92 static void __init cma_activate_area(struct cma *cma)
94 unsigned long base_pfn = cma->base_pfn, pfn;
97 cma->bitmap = bitmap_zalloc(cma_bitmap_maxno(cma), GFP_KERNEL);
102 * alloc_contig_range() requires the pfn range specified to be in the
103 * same zone. Simplify by forcing the entire CMA resv range to be in the
106 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(base_pfn));
107 zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(base_pfn));
108 for (pfn = base_pfn + 1; pfn < base_pfn + cma->count; pfn++) {
109 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn));
110 if (page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)) != zone)
114 for (pfn = base_pfn; pfn < base_pfn + cma->count;
115 pfn += pageblock_nr_pages)
116 init_cma_reserved_pageblock(pfn_to_page(pfn));
118 spin_lock_init(&cma->lock);
120 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS
121 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&cma->mem_head);
122 spin_lock_init(&cma->mem_head_lock);
128 bitmap_free(cma->bitmap);
130 /* Expose all pages to the buddy, they are useless for CMA. */
131 if (!cma->reserve_pages_on_error) {
132 for (pfn = base_pfn; pfn < base_pfn + cma->count; pfn++)
133 free_reserved_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
135 totalcma_pages -= cma->count;
137 pr_err("CMA area %s could not be activated\n", cma->name);
141 static int __init cma_init_reserved_areas(void)
145 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++)
146 cma_activate_area(&cma_areas[i]);
150 core_initcall(cma_init_reserved_areas);
152 void __init cma_reserve_pages_on_error(struct cma *cma)
154 cma->reserve_pages_on_error = true;
158 * cma_init_reserved_mem() - create custom contiguous area from reserved memory
159 * @base: Base address of the reserved area
160 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
161 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
162 * @name: The name of the area. If this parameter is NULL, the name of
163 * the area will be set to "cmaN", where N is a running counter of
165 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
167 * This function creates custom contiguous area from already reserved memory.
169 int __init cma_init_reserved_mem(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size,
170 unsigned int order_per_bit,
172 struct cma **res_cma)
177 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
178 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
182 if (!size || !memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size))
185 /* ensure minimal alignment required by mm core */
186 if (!IS_ALIGNED(base | size, CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES))
190 * Each reserved area must be initialised later, when more kernel
191 * subsystems (like slab allocator) are available.
193 cma = &cma_areas[cma_area_count];
196 snprintf(cma->name, CMA_MAX_NAME, name);
198 snprintf(cma->name, CMA_MAX_NAME, "cma%d\n", cma_area_count);
200 cma->base_pfn = PFN_DOWN(base);
201 cma->count = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
202 cma->order_per_bit = order_per_bit;
205 totalcma_pages += (size / PAGE_SIZE);
211 * cma_declare_contiguous_nid() - reserve custom contiguous area
212 * @base: Base address of the reserved area optional, use 0 for any
213 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
214 * @limit: End address of the reserved memory (optional, 0 for any).
215 * @alignment: Alignment for the CMA area, should be power of 2 or zero
216 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
217 * @fixed: hint about where to place the reserved area
218 * @name: The name of the area. See function cma_init_reserved_mem()
219 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
220 * @nid: nid of the free area to find, %NUMA_NO_NODE for any node
222 * This function reserves memory from early allocator. It should be
223 * called by arch specific code once the early allocator (memblock or bootmem)
224 * has been activated and all other subsystems have already allocated/reserved
225 * memory. This function allows to create custom reserved areas.
227 * If @fixed is true, reserve contiguous area at exactly @base. If false,
228 * reserve in range from @base to @limit.
230 int __init cma_declare_contiguous_nid(phys_addr_t base,
231 phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t limit,
232 phys_addr_t alignment, unsigned int order_per_bit,
233 bool fixed, const char *name, struct cma **res_cma,
236 phys_addr_t memblock_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
237 phys_addr_t highmem_start;
241 * We can't use __pa(high_memory) directly, since high_memory
242 * isn't a valid direct map VA, and DEBUG_VIRTUAL will (validly)
243 * complain. Find the boundary by adding one to the last valid
246 highmem_start = __pa(high_memory - 1) + 1;
247 pr_debug("%s(size %pa, base %pa, limit %pa alignment %pa)\n",
248 __func__, &size, &base, &limit, &alignment);
250 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
251 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
258 if (alignment && !is_power_of_2(alignment))
261 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
264 /* Sanitise input arguments. */
265 alignment = max_t(phys_addr_t, alignment, CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES);
266 if (fixed && base & (alignment - 1)) {
268 pr_err("Region at %pa must be aligned to %pa bytes\n",
272 base = ALIGN(base, alignment);
273 size = ALIGN(size, alignment);
274 limit &= ~(alignment - 1);
279 /* size should be aligned with order_per_bit */
280 if (!IS_ALIGNED(size >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1 << order_per_bit))
284 * If allocating at a fixed base the request region must not cross the
285 * low/high memory boundary.
287 if (fixed && base < highmem_start && base + size > highmem_start) {
289 pr_err("Region at %pa defined on low/high memory boundary (%pa)\n",
290 &base, &highmem_start);
295 * If the limit is unspecified or above the memblock end, its effective
296 * value will be the memblock end. Set it explicitly to simplify further
299 if (limit == 0 || limit > memblock_end)
300 limit = memblock_end;
302 if (base + size > limit) {
304 pr_err("Size (%pa) of region at %pa exceeds limit (%pa)\n",
305 &size, &base, &limit);
311 if (memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size) ||
312 memblock_reserve(base, size) < 0) {
317 phys_addr_t addr = 0;
320 * If there is enough memory, try a bottom-up allocation first.
321 * It will place the new cma area close to the start of the node
322 * and guarantee that the compaction is moving pages out of the
323 * cma area and not into it.
324 * Avoid using first 4GB to not interfere with constrained zones
327 #ifdef CONFIG_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
328 if (!memblock_bottom_up() && memblock_end >= SZ_4G + size) {
329 memblock_set_bottom_up(true);
330 addr = memblock_alloc_range_nid(size, alignment, SZ_4G,
332 memblock_set_bottom_up(false);
337 * All pages in the reserved area must come from the same zone.
338 * If the requested region crosses the low/high memory boundary,
339 * try allocating from high memory first and fall back to low
340 * memory in case of failure.
342 if (!addr && base < highmem_start && limit > highmem_start) {
343 addr = memblock_alloc_range_nid(size, alignment,
344 highmem_start, limit, nid, true);
345 limit = highmem_start;
349 addr = memblock_alloc_range_nid(size, alignment, base,
358 * kmemleak scans/reads tracked objects for pointers to other
359 * objects but this address isn't mapped and accessible
361 kmemleak_ignore_phys(addr);
365 ret = cma_init_reserved_mem(base, size, order_per_bit, name, res_cma);
369 pr_info("Reserved %ld MiB at %pa on node %d\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M,
374 memblock_phys_free(base, size);
376 pr_err("Failed to reserve %ld MiB on node %d\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M,
381 static void cma_debug_show_areas(struct cma *cma)
383 unsigned long next_zero_bit, next_set_bit, nr_zero;
384 unsigned long start = 0;
385 unsigned long nr_part, nr_total = 0;
386 unsigned long nbits = cma_bitmap_maxno(cma);
388 spin_lock_irq(&cma->lock);
389 pr_info("number of available pages: ");
391 next_zero_bit = find_next_zero_bit(cma->bitmap, nbits, start);
392 if (next_zero_bit >= nbits)
394 next_set_bit = find_next_bit(cma->bitmap, nbits, next_zero_bit);
395 nr_zero = next_set_bit - next_zero_bit;
396 nr_part = nr_zero << cma->order_per_bit;
397 pr_cont("%s%lu@%lu", nr_total ? "+" : "", nr_part,
400 start = next_zero_bit + nr_zero;
402 pr_cont("=> %lu free of %lu total pages\n", nr_total, cma->count);
403 spin_unlock_irq(&cma->lock);
407 * cma_alloc() - allocate pages from contiguous area
408 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
409 * @count: Requested number of pages.
410 * @align: Requested alignment of pages (in PAGE_SIZE order).
411 * @no_warn: Avoid printing message about failed allocation
413 * This function allocates part of contiguous memory on specific
414 * contiguous memory area.
416 struct page *cma_alloc(struct cma *cma, unsigned long count,
417 unsigned int align, bool no_warn)
419 unsigned long mask, offset;
420 unsigned long pfn = -1;
421 unsigned long start = 0;
422 unsigned long bitmap_maxno, bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
424 struct page *page = NULL;
426 const char *name = cma ? cma->name : NULL;
428 trace_cma_alloc_start(name, count, align);
430 if (!cma || !cma->count || !cma->bitmap)
433 pr_debug("%s(cma %p, name: %s, count %lu, align %d)\n", __func__,
434 (void *)cma, cma->name, count, align);
439 mask = cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(cma, align);
440 offset = cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(cma, align);
441 bitmap_maxno = cma_bitmap_maxno(cma);
442 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
444 if (bitmap_count > bitmap_maxno)
448 spin_lock_irq(&cma->lock);
449 bitmap_no = bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off(cma->bitmap,
450 bitmap_maxno, start, bitmap_count, mask,
452 if (bitmap_no >= bitmap_maxno) {
453 spin_unlock_irq(&cma->lock);
456 bitmap_set(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
458 * It's safe to drop the lock here. We've marked this region for
459 * our exclusive use. If the migration fails we will take the
460 * lock again and unmark it.
462 spin_unlock_irq(&cma->lock);
464 pfn = cma->base_pfn + (bitmap_no << cma->order_per_bit);
465 mutex_lock(&cma_mutex);
466 ret = alloc_contig_range(pfn, pfn + count, MIGRATE_CMA,
467 GFP_KERNEL | (no_warn ? __GFP_NOWARN : 0));
468 mutex_unlock(&cma_mutex);
470 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
474 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
478 pr_debug("%s(): memory range at pfn 0x%lx %p is busy, retrying\n",
479 __func__, pfn, pfn_to_page(pfn));
481 trace_cma_alloc_busy_retry(cma->name, pfn, pfn_to_page(pfn),
483 /* try again with a bit different memory target */
484 start = bitmap_no + mask + 1;
488 * CMA can allocate multiple page blocks, which results in different
489 * blocks being marked with different tags. Reset the tags to ignore
493 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
494 page_kasan_tag_reset(nth_page(page, i));
497 if (ret && !no_warn) {
498 pr_err_ratelimited("%s: %s: alloc failed, req-size: %lu pages, ret: %d\n",
499 __func__, cma->name, count, ret);
500 cma_debug_show_areas(cma);
503 pr_debug("%s(): returned %p\n", __func__, page);
504 trace_cma_alloc_finish(name, pfn, page, count, align, ret);
506 count_vm_event(CMA_ALLOC_SUCCESS);
507 cma_sysfs_account_success_pages(cma, count);
509 count_vm_event(CMA_ALLOC_FAIL);
510 cma_sysfs_account_fail_pages(cma, count);
516 bool cma_pages_valid(struct cma *cma, const struct page *pages,
524 pfn = page_to_pfn(pages);
526 if (pfn < cma->base_pfn || pfn >= cma->base_pfn + cma->count) {
527 pr_debug("%s(page %p, count %lu)\n", __func__,
528 (void *)pages, count);
536 * cma_release() - release allocated pages
537 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
538 * @pages: Allocated pages.
539 * @count: Number of allocated pages.
541 * This function releases memory allocated by cma_alloc().
542 * It returns false when provided pages do not belong to contiguous area and
545 bool cma_release(struct cma *cma, const struct page *pages,
550 if (!cma_pages_valid(cma, pages, count))
553 pr_debug("%s(page %p, count %lu)\n", __func__, (void *)pages, count);
555 pfn = page_to_pfn(pages);
557 VM_BUG_ON(pfn + count > cma->base_pfn + cma->count);
559 free_contig_range(pfn, count);
560 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
561 cma_sysfs_account_release_pages(cma, count);
562 trace_cma_release(cma->name, pfn, pages, count);
567 int cma_for_each_area(int (*it)(struct cma *cma, void *data), void *data)
571 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++) {
572 int ret = it(&cma_areas[i], data);