3 x86 function call convention, 64-bit:
4 -------------------------------------
5 arguments | callee-saved | extra caller-saved | return
6 [callee-clobbered] | | [callee-clobbered] |
7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 rdi rsi rdx rcx r8-9 | rbx rbp [*] r12-15 | r10-11 | rax, rdx [**]
10 ( rsp is obviously invariant across normal function calls. (gcc can 'merge'
11 functions when it sees tail-call optimization possibilities) rflags is
12 clobbered. Leftover arguments are passed over the stack frame.)
14 [*] In the frame-pointers case rbp is fixed to the stack frame.
16 [**] for struct return values wider than 64 bits the return convention is a
17 bit more complex: up to 128 bits width we return small structures
18 straight in rax, rdx. For structures larger than that (3 words or
19 larger) the caller puts a pointer to an on-stack return struct
20 [allocated in the caller's stack frame] into the first argument - i.e.
21 into rdi. All other arguments shift up by one in this case.
22 Fortunately this case is rare in the kernel.
24 For 32-bit we have the following conventions - kernel is built with
25 -mregparm=3 and -freg-struct-return:
27 x86 function calling convention, 32-bit:
28 ----------------------------------------
29 arguments | callee-saved | extra caller-saved | return
30 [callee-clobbered] | | [callee-clobbered] |
31 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
32 eax edx ecx | ebx edi esi ebp [*] | <none> | eax, edx [**]
34 ( here too esp is obviously invariant across normal function calls. eflags
35 is clobbered. Leftover arguments are passed over the stack frame. )
37 [*] In the frame-pointers case ebp is fixed to the stack frame.
39 [**] We build with -freg-struct-return, which on 32-bit means similar
40 semantics as on 64-bit: edx can be used for a second return value
41 (i.e. covering integer and structure sizes up to 64 bits) - after that
42 it gets more complex and more expensive: 3-word or larger struct returns
43 get done in the caller's frame and the pointer to the return struct goes
44 into regparm0, i.e. eax - the other arguments shift up and the
45 function's register parameters degenerate to regparm=2 in essence.
52 * 64-bit system call stack frame layout defines and helpers,
56 /* The layout forms the "struct pt_regs" on the stack: */
58 * C ABI says these regs are callee-preserved. They aren't saved on kernel entry
59 * unless syscall needs a complete, fully filled "struct pt_regs".
67 /* These regs are callee-clobbered. Always saved on kernel entry. */
78 * On syscall entry, this is syscall#. On CPU exception, this is error code.
79 * On hw interrupt, it's IRQ number:
82 /* Return frame for iretq */
89 #define SIZEOF_PTREGS 21*8
91 .macro ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK addskip=0
92 addq $-(15*8+\addskip), %rsp
95 .macro SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER offset=0 rax=1 rcx=1 r8910=1 r11=1
97 movq %r11, 6*8+\offset(%rsp)
100 movq %r10, 7*8+\offset(%rsp)
101 movq %r9, 8*8+\offset(%rsp)
102 movq %r8, 9*8+\offset(%rsp)
105 movq %rax, 10*8+\offset(%rsp)
108 movq %rcx, 11*8+\offset(%rsp)
110 movq %rdx, 12*8+\offset(%rsp)
111 movq %rsi, 13*8+\offset(%rsp)
112 movq %rdi, 14*8+\offset(%rsp)
114 .macro SAVE_C_REGS offset=0
115 SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER \offset, 1, 1, 1, 1
117 .macro SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RAX_RCX offset=0
118 SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER \offset, 0, 0, 1, 1
120 .macro SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_R891011
121 SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER 0, 1, 1, 0, 0
123 .macro SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX_R891011
124 SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER 0, 1, 0, 0, 0
126 .macro SAVE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RAX_RCX_R11
127 SAVE_C_REGS_HELPER 0, 0, 0, 1, 0
130 .macro SAVE_EXTRA_REGS offset=0
131 movq %r15, 0*8+\offset(%rsp)
132 movq %r14, 1*8+\offset(%rsp)
133 movq %r13, 2*8+\offset(%rsp)
134 movq %r12, 3*8+\offset(%rsp)
135 movq %rbp, 4*8+\offset(%rsp)
136 movq %rbx, 5*8+\offset(%rsp)
138 .macro SAVE_EXTRA_REGS_RBP offset=0
139 movq %rbp, 4*8+\offset(%rsp)
142 .macro RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS offset=0
143 movq 0*8+\offset(%rsp), %r15
144 movq 1*8+\offset(%rsp), %r14
145 movq 2*8+\offset(%rsp), %r13
146 movq 3*8+\offset(%rsp), %r12
147 movq 4*8+\offset(%rsp), %rbp
148 movq 5*8+\offset(%rsp), %rbx
151 .macro ZERO_EXTRA_REGS
160 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER rstor_rax=1, rstor_rcx=1, rstor_r11=1, rstor_r8910=1, rstor_rdx=1
170 movq 10*8(%rsp), %rax
173 movq 11*8(%rsp), %rcx
176 movq 12*8(%rsp), %rdx
178 movq 13*8(%rsp), %rsi
179 movq 14*8(%rsp), %rdi
181 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS
182 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 1,1,1,1,1
184 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RAX
185 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 0,1,1,1,1
187 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX
188 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 1,0,1,1,1
190 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_R11
191 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 1,1,0,1,1
193 .macro RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX_R11
194 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 1,0,0,1,1
196 .macro RESTORE_RSI_RDI
197 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 0,0,0,0,0
199 .macro RESTORE_RSI_RDI_RDX
200 RESTORE_C_REGS_HELPER 0,0,0,0,1
203 .macro REMOVE_PT_GPREGS_FROM_STACK addskip=0
204 subq $-(15*8+\addskip), %rsp
211 #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
214 * For 32bit only simplified versions of SAVE_ALL/RESTORE_ALL. These
215 * are different from the entry_32.S versions in not changing the segment
216 * registers. So only suitable for in kernel use, not when transitioning
217 * from or to user space. The resulting stack frame is not a standard
218 * pt_regs frame. The main use case is calling C code from assembler
219 * when all the registers need to be preserved.
242 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */