1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * linux/fs/file_table.c
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
9 #include <linux/string.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/file.h>
12 #include <linux/fdtable.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/security.h>
17 #include <linux/cred.h>
18 #include <linux/eventpoll.h>
19 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
20 #include <linux/mount.h>
21 #include <linux/capability.h>
22 #include <linux/cdev.h>
23 #include <linux/fsnotify.h>
24 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
25 #include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
26 #include <linux/percpu.h>
27 #include <linux/task_work.h>
28 #include <linux/ima.h>
29 #include <linux/swap.h>
31 #include <linux/atomic.h>
35 /* sysctl tunables... */
36 static struct files_stat_struct files_stat = {
40 /* SLAB cache for file structures */
41 static struct kmem_cache *filp_cachep __read_mostly;
43 static struct percpu_counter nr_files __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
45 static void file_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *head)
47 struct file *f = container_of(head, struct file, f_u.fu_rcuhead);
50 kmem_cache_free(filp_cachep, f);
53 static inline void file_free(struct file *f)
55 security_file_free(f);
56 if (!(f->f_mode & FMODE_NOACCOUNT))
57 percpu_counter_dec(&nr_files);
58 call_rcu(&f->f_u.fu_rcuhead, file_free_rcu);
62 * Return the total number of open files in the system
64 static long get_nr_files(void)
66 return percpu_counter_read_positive(&nr_files);
70 * Return the maximum number of open files in the system
72 unsigned long get_max_files(void)
74 return files_stat.max_files;
76 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(get_max_files);
78 #if defined(CONFIG_SYSCTL) && defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS)
81 * Handle nr_files sysctl
83 static int proc_nr_files(struct ctl_table *table, int write, void *buffer,
84 size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
86 files_stat.nr_files = get_nr_files();
87 return proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
90 static struct ctl_table fs_stat_sysctls[] = {
92 .procname = "file-nr",
94 .maxlen = sizeof(files_stat),
96 .proc_handler = proc_nr_files,
99 .procname = "file-max",
100 .data = &files_stat.max_files,
101 .maxlen = sizeof(files_stat.max_files),
103 .proc_handler = proc_doulongvec_minmax,
104 .extra1 = SYSCTL_LONG_ZERO,
105 .extra2 = SYSCTL_LONG_MAX,
108 .procname = "nr_open",
109 .data = &sysctl_nr_open,
110 .maxlen = sizeof(unsigned int),
112 .proc_handler = proc_dointvec_minmax,
113 .extra1 = &sysctl_nr_open_min,
114 .extra2 = &sysctl_nr_open_max,
119 static int __init init_fs_stat_sysctls(void)
121 register_sysctl_init("fs", fs_stat_sysctls);
124 fs_initcall(init_fs_stat_sysctls);
127 static struct file *__alloc_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
132 f = kmem_cache_zalloc(filp_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
134 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
136 f->f_cred = get_cred(cred);
137 error = security_file_alloc(f);
138 if (unlikely(error)) {
139 file_free_rcu(&f->f_u.fu_rcuhead);
140 return ERR_PTR(error);
143 atomic_long_set(&f->f_count, 1);
144 rwlock_init(&f->f_owner.lock);
145 spin_lock_init(&f->f_lock);
146 mutex_init(&f->f_pos_lock);
148 f->f_mode = OPEN_FMODE(flags);
149 /* f->f_version: 0 */
154 /* Find an unused file structure and return a pointer to it.
155 * Returns an error pointer if some error happend e.g. we over file
156 * structures limit, run out of memory or operation is not permitted.
158 * Be very careful using this. You are responsible for
159 * getting write access to any mount that you might assign
160 * to this filp, if it is opened for write. If this is not
161 * done, you will imbalance int the mount's writer count
162 * and a warning at __fput() time.
164 struct file *alloc_empty_file(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
170 * Privileged users can go above max_files
172 if (get_nr_files() >= files_stat.max_files && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
174 * percpu_counters are inaccurate. Do an expensive check before
177 if (percpu_counter_sum_positive(&nr_files) >= files_stat.max_files)
181 f = __alloc_file(flags, cred);
183 percpu_counter_inc(&nr_files);
188 /* Ran out of filps - report that */
189 if (get_nr_files() > old_max) {
190 pr_info("VFS: file-max limit %lu reached\n", get_max_files());
191 old_max = get_nr_files();
193 return ERR_PTR(-ENFILE);
197 * Variant of alloc_empty_file() that doesn't check and modify nr_files.
199 * Should not be used unless there's a very good reason to do so.
201 struct file *alloc_empty_file_noaccount(int flags, const struct cred *cred)
203 struct file *f = __alloc_file(flags, cred);
206 f->f_mode |= FMODE_NOACCOUNT;
212 * alloc_file - allocate and initialize a 'struct file'
214 * @path: the (dentry, vfsmount) pair for the new file
215 * @flags: O_... flags with which the new file will be opened
216 * @fop: the 'struct file_operations' for the new file
218 static struct file *alloc_file(const struct path *path, int flags,
219 const struct file_operations *fop)
223 file = alloc_empty_file(flags, current_cred());
227 file->f_path = *path;
228 file->f_inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
229 file->f_mapping = path->dentry->d_inode->i_mapping;
230 file->f_wb_err = filemap_sample_wb_err(file->f_mapping);
231 file->f_sb_err = file_sample_sb_err(file);
232 if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) &&
233 likely(fop->read || fop->read_iter))
234 file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_READ;
235 if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) &&
236 likely(fop->write || fop->write_iter))
237 file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_WRITE;
238 file->f_mode |= FMODE_OPENED;
240 if ((file->f_mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
241 i_readcount_inc(path->dentry->d_inode);
245 struct file *alloc_file_pseudo(struct inode *inode, struct vfsmount *mnt,
246 const char *name, int flags,
247 const struct file_operations *fops)
249 static const struct dentry_operations anon_ops = {
250 .d_dname = simple_dname
252 struct qstr this = QSTR_INIT(name, strlen(name));
256 path.dentry = d_alloc_pseudo(mnt->mnt_sb, &this);
258 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
259 if (!mnt->mnt_sb->s_d_op)
260 d_set_d_op(path.dentry, &anon_ops);
261 path.mnt = mntget(mnt);
262 d_instantiate(path.dentry, inode);
263 file = alloc_file(&path, flags, fops);
270 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_file_pseudo);
272 struct file *alloc_file_clone(struct file *base, int flags,
273 const struct file_operations *fops)
275 struct file *f = alloc_file(&base->f_path, flags, fops);
277 path_get(&f->f_path);
278 f->f_mapping = base->f_mapping;
283 /* the real guts of fput() - releasing the last reference to file
285 static void __fput(struct file *file)
287 struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
288 struct vfsmount *mnt = file->f_path.mnt;
289 struct inode *inode = file->f_inode;
290 fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;
292 if (unlikely(!(file->f_mode & FMODE_OPENED)))
297 fsnotify_close(file);
299 * The function eventpoll_release() should be the first called
300 * in the file cleanup chain.
302 eventpoll_release(file);
303 locks_remove_file(file);
306 if (unlikely(file->f_flags & FASYNC)) {
307 if (file->f_op->fasync)
308 file->f_op->fasync(-1, file, 0);
310 if (file->f_op->release)
311 file->f_op->release(inode, file);
312 if (unlikely(S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_cdev != NULL &&
313 !(mode & FMODE_PATH))) {
314 cdev_put(inode->i_cdev);
316 fops_put(file->f_op);
317 put_pid(file->f_owner.pid);
318 if ((mode & (FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE)) == FMODE_READ)
319 i_readcount_dec(inode);
320 if (mode & FMODE_WRITER) {
321 put_write_access(inode);
322 __mnt_drop_write(mnt);
325 if (unlikely(mode & FMODE_NEED_UNMOUNT))
326 dissolve_on_fput(mnt);
332 static LLIST_HEAD(delayed_fput_list);
333 static void delayed_fput(struct work_struct *unused)
335 struct llist_node *node = llist_del_all(&delayed_fput_list);
338 llist_for_each_entry_safe(f, t, node, f_u.fu_llist)
342 static void ____fput(struct callback_head *work)
344 __fput(container_of(work, struct file, f_u.fu_rcuhead));
348 * If kernel thread really needs to have the final fput() it has done
349 * to complete, call this. The only user right now is the boot - we
350 * *do* need to make sure our writes to binaries on initramfs has
351 * not left us with opened struct file waiting for __fput() - execve()
352 * won't work without that. Please, don't add more callers without
353 * very good reasons; in particular, never call that with locks
354 * held and never call that from a thread that might need to do
355 * some work on any kind of umount.
357 void flush_delayed_fput(void)
361 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(flush_delayed_fput);
363 static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(delayed_fput_work, delayed_fput);
365 void fput_many(struct file *file, unsigned int refs)
367 if (atomic_long_sub_and_test(refs, &file->f_count)) {
368 struct task_struct *task = current;
370 if (likely(!in_interrupt() && !(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD))) {
371 init_task_work(&file->f_u.fu_rcuhead, ____fput);
372 if (!task_work_add(task, &file->f_u.fu_rcuhead, TWA_RESUME))
375 * After this task has run exit_task_work(),
376 * task_work_add() will fail. Fall through to delayed
377 * fput to avoid leaking *file.
381 if (llist_add(&file->f_u.fu_llist, &delayed_fput_list))
382 schedule_delayed_work(&delayed_fput_work, 1);
386 void fput(struct file *file)
392 * synchronous analog of fput(); for kernel threads that might be needed
393 * in some umount() (and thus can't use flush_delayed_fput() without
394 * risking deadlocks), need to wait for completion of __fput() and know
395 * for this specific struct file it won't involve anything that would
396 * need them. Use only if you really need it - at the very least,
397 * don't blindly convert fput() by kernel thread to that.
399 void __fput_sync(struct file *file)
401 if (atomic_long_dec_and_test(&file->f_count)) {
402 struct task_struct *task = current;
403 BUG_ON(!(task->flags & PF_KTHREAD));
410 void __init files_init(void)
412 filp_cachep = kmem_cache_create("filp", sizeof(struct file), 0,
413 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN | SLAB_PANIC | SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);
414 percpu_counter_init(&nr_files, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
418 * One file with associated inode and dcache is very roughly 1K. Per default
419 * do not use more than 10% of our memory for files.
421 void __init files_maxfiles_init(void)
424 unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();
425 unsigned long memreserve = (nr_pages - nr_free_pages()) * 3/2;
427 memreserve = min(memreserve, nr_pages - 1);
428 n = ((nr_pages - memreserve) * (PAGE_SIZE / 1024)) / 10;
430 files_stat.max_files = max_t(unsigned long, n, NR_FILE);