1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 #ifndef _LINUX_FORTIFY_STRING_H_
3 #define _LINUX_FORTIFY_STRING_H_
6 #include <linux/const.h>
7 #include <linux/limits.h>
9 #define __FORTIFY_INLINE extern __always_inline __gnu_inline __overloadable
10 #define __RENAME(x) __asm__(#x)
12 void fortify_panic(const char *name) __noreturn __cold;
13 void __read_overflow(void) __compiletime_error("detected read beyond size of object (1st parameter)");
14 void __read_overflow2(void) __compiletime_error("detected read beyond size of object (2nd parameter)");
15 void __read_overflow2_field(size_t avail, size_t wanted) __compiletime_warning("detected read beyond size of field (2nd parameter); maybe use struct_group()?");
16 void __write_overflow(void) __compiletime_error("detected write beyond size of object (1st parameter)");
17 void __write_overflow_field(size_t avail, size_t wanted) __compiletime_warning("detected write beyond size of field (1st parameter); maybe use struct_group()?");
19 #define __compiletime_strlen(p) \
21 unsigned char *__p = (unsigned char *)(p); \
22 size_t __ret = SIZE_MAX; \
23 size_t __p_size = __member_size(p); \
24 if (__p_size != SIZE_MAX && \
25 __builtin_constant_p(*__p)) { \
26 size_t __p_len = __p_size - 1; \
27 if (__builtin_constant_p(__p[__p_len]) && \
28 __p[__p_len] == '\0') \
29 __ret = __builtin_strlen(__p); \
34 #if defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS)
35 extern void *__underlying_memchr(const void *p, int c, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(memchr);
36 extern int __underlying_memcmp(const void *p, const void *q, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(memcmp);
37 extern void *__underlying_memcpy(void *p, const void *q, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(memcpy);
38 extern void *__underlying_memmove(void *p, const void *q, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(memmove);
39 extern void *__underlying_memset(void *p, int c, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(memset);
40 extern char *__underlying_strcat(char *p, const char *q) __RENAME(strcat);
41 extern char *__underlying_strcpy(char *p, const char *q) __RENAME(strcpy);
42 extern __kernel_size_t __underlying_strlen(const char *p) __RENAME(strlen);
43 extern char *__underlying_strncat(char *p, const char *q, __kernel_size_t count) __RENAME(strncat);
44 extern char *__underlying_strncpy(char *p, const char *q, __kernel_size_t size) __RENAME(strncpy);
46 #define __underlying_memchr __builtin_memchr
47 #define __underlying_memcmp __builtin_memcmp
48 #define __underlying_memcpy __builtin_memcpy
49 #define __underlying_memmove __builtin_memmove
50 #define __underlying_memset __builtin_memset
51 #define __underlying_strcat __builtin_strcat
52 #define __underlying_strcpy __builtin_strcpy
53 #define __underlying_strlen __builtin_strlen
54 #define __underlying_strncat __builtin_strncat
55 #define __underlying_strncpy __builtin_strncpy
59 * unsafe_memcpy - memcpy implementation with no FORTIFY bounds checking
61 * @dst: Destination memory address to write to
62 * @src: Source memory address to read from
63 * @bytes: How many bytes to write to @dst from @src
64 * @justification: Free-form text or comment describing why the use is needed
66 * This should be used for corner cases where the compiler cannot do the
67 * right thing, or during transitions between APIs, etc. It should be used
68 * very rarely, and includes a place for justification detailing where bounds
69 * checking has happened, and why existing solutions cannot be employed.
71 #define unsafe_memcpy(dst, src, bytes, justification) \
72 __underlying_memcpy(dst, src, bytes)
75 * Clang's use of __builtin_*object_size() within inlines needs hinting via
76 * __pass_*object_size(). The preference is to only ever use type 1 (member
77 * size, rather than struct size), but there remain some stragglers using
78 * type 0 that will be converted in the future.
80 #define POS __pass_object_size(1)
81 #define POS0 __pass_object_size(0)
82 #define __struct_size(p) __builtin_object_size(p, 0)
83 #define __member_size(p) __builtin_object_size(p, 1)
85 #define __compiletime_lessthan(bounds, length) ( \
86 __builtin_constant_p((bounds) < (length)) && \
91 * strncpy - Copy a string to memory with non-guaranteed NUL padding
93 * @p: pointer to destination of copy
94 * @q: pointer to NUL-terminated source string to copy
95 * @size: bytes to write at @p
97 * If strlen(@q) >= @size, the copy of @q will stop after @size bytes,
98 * and @p will NOT be NUL-terminated
100 * If strlen(@q) < @size, following the copy of @q, trailing NUL bytes
101 * will be written to @p until @size total bytes have been written.
103 * Do not use this function. While FORTIFY_SOURCE tries to avoid
104 * over-reads of @q, it cannot defend against writing unterminated
105 * results to @p. Using strncpy() remains ambiguous and fragile.
106 * Instead, please choose an alternative, so that the expectation
107 * of @p's contents is unambiguous:
109 * +--------------------+-----------------+------------+
110 * | @p needs to be: | padded to @size | not padded |
111 * +====================+=================+============+
112 * | NUL-terminated | strscpy_pad() | strscpy() |
113 * +--------------------+-----------------+------------+
114 * | not NUL-terminated | strtomem_pad() | strtomem() |
115 * +--------------------+-----------------+------------+
117 * Note strscpy*()'s differing return values for detecting truncation,
118 * and strtomem*()'s expectation that the destination is marked with
119 * __nonstring when it is a character array.
122 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_strncpy, 1, 2, 3)
123 char *strncpy(char * const POS p, const char *q, __kernel_size_t size)
125 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
127 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
130 fortify_panic(__func__);
131 return __underlying_strncpy(p, q, size);
134 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_strcat, 1, 2)
135 char *strcat(char * const POS p, const char *q)
137 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
139 if (p_size == SIZE_MAX)
140 return __underlying_strcat(p, q);
141 if (strlcat(p, q, p_size) >= p_size)
142 fortify_panic(__func__);
146 extern __kernel_size_t __real_strnlen(const char *, __kernel_size_t) __RENAME(strnlen);
147 __FORTIFY_INLINE __kernel_size_t strnlen(const char * const POS p, __kernel_size_t maxlen)
149 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
150 size_t p_len = __compiletime_strlen(p);
153 /* We can take compile-time actions when maxlen is const. */
154 if (__builtin_constant_p(maxlen) && p_len != SIZE_MAX) {
155 /* If p is const, we can use its compile-time-known len. */
156 if (maxlen >= p_size)
160 /* Do not check characters beyond the end of p. */
161 ret = __real_strnlen(p, maxlen < p_size ? maxlen : p_size);
162 if (p_size <= ret && maxlen != ret)
163 fortify_panic(__func__);
168 * Defined after fortified strnlen to reuse it. However, it must still be
169 * possible for strlen() to be used on compile-time strings for use in
170 * static initializers (i.e. as a constant expression).
173 __builtin_choose_expr(__is_constexpr(__builtin_strlen(p)), \
174 __builtin_strlen(p), __fortify_strlen(p))
175 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_strlen, 1)
176 __kernel_size_t __fortify_strlen(const char * const POS p)
179 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
181 /* Give up if we don't know how large p is. */
182 if (p_size == SIZE_MAX)
183 return __underlying_strlen(p);
184 ret = strnlen(p, p_size);
186 fortify_panic(__func__);
190 /* defined after fortified strlen to reuse it */
191 extern size_t __real_strlcpy(char *, const char *, size_t) __RENAME(strlcpy);
192 __FORTIFY_INLINE size_t strlcpy(char * const POS p, const char * const POS q, size_t size)
194 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
195 size_t q_size = __member_size(q);
196 size_t q_len; /* Full count of source string length. */
197 size_t len; /* Count of characters going into destination. */
199 if (p_size == SIZE_MAX && q_size == SIZE_MAX)
200 return __real_strlcpy(p, q, size);
202 len = (q_len >= size) ? size - 1 : q_len;
203 if (__builtin_constant_p(size) && __builtin_constant_p(q_len) && size) {
204 /* Write size is always larger than destination. */
210 fortify_panic(__func__);
211 __underlying_memcpy(p, q, len);
217 /* defined after fortified strnlen to reuse it */
218 extern ssize_t __real_strscpy(char *, const char *, size_t) __RENAME(strscpy);
219 __FORTIFY_INLINE ssize_t strscpy(char * const POS p, const char * const POS q, size_t size)
222 /* Use string size rather than possible enclosing struct size. */
223 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
224 size_t q_size = __member_size(q);
226 /* If we cannot get size of p and q default to call strscpy. */
227 if (p_size == SIZE_MAX && q_size == SIZE_MAX)
228 return __real_strscpy(p, q, size);
231 * If size can be known at compile time and is greater than
232 * p_size, generate a compile time write overflow error.
234 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
238 * This call protects from read overflow, because len will default to q
239 * length if it smaller than size.
241 len = strnlen(q, size);
243 * If len equals size, we will copy only size bytes which leads to
244 * -E2BIG being returned.
245 * Otherwise we will copy len + 1 because of the final '\O'.
247 len = len == size ? size : len + 1;
250 * Generate a runtime write overflow error if len is greater than
254 fortify_panic(__func__);
257 * We can now safely call vanilla strscpy because we are protected from:
258 * 1. Read overflow thanks to call to strnlen().
259 * 2. Write overflow thanks to above ifs.
261 return __real_strscpy(p, q, len);
264 /* defined after fortified strlen and strnlen to reuse them */
265 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_strncat, 1, 2, 3)
266 char *strncat(char * const POS p, const char * const POS q, __kernel_size_t count)
268 size_t p_len, copy_len;
269 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
270 size_t q_size = __member_size(q);
272 if (p_size == SIZE_MAX && q_size == SIZE_MAX)
273 return __underlying_strncat(p, q, count);
275 copy_len = strnlen(q, count);
276 if (p_size < p_len + copy_len + 1)
277 fortify_panic(__func__);
278 __underlying_memcpy(p + p_len, q, copy_len);
279 p[p_len + copy_len] = '\0';
283 __FORTIFY_INLINE void fortify_memset_chk(__kernel_size_t size,
285 const size_t p_size_field)
287 if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
289 * Length argument is a constant expression, so we
290 * can perform compile-time bounds checking where
291 * buffer sizes are also known at compile time.
294 /* Error when size is larger than enclosing struct. */
295 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size_field, p_size) &&
296 __compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
299 /* Warn when write size is larger than dest field. */
300 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size_field, size))
301 __write_overflow_field(p_size_field, size);
304 * At this point, length argument may not be a constant expression,
305 * so run-time bounds checking can be done where buffer sizes are
306 * known. (This is not an "else" because the above checks may only
307 * be compile-time warnings, and we want to still warn for run-time
312 * Always stop accesses beyond the struct that contains the
313 * field, when the buffer's remaining size is known.
314 * (The SIZE_MAX test is to optimize away checks where the buffer
315 * lengths are unknown.)
317 if (p_size != SIZE_MAX && p_size < size)
318 fortify_panic("memset");
321 #define __fortify_memset_chk(p, c, size, p_size, p_size_field) ({ \
322 size_t __fortify_size = (size_t)(size); \
323 fortify_memset_chk(__fortify_size, p_size, p_size_field), \
324 __underlying_memset(p, c, __fortify_size); \
328 * __struct_size() vs __member_size() must be captured here to avoid
329 * evaluating argument side-effects further into the macro layers.
331 #define memset(p, c, s) __fortify_memset_chk(p, c, s, \
332 __struct_size(p), __member_size(p))
335 * To make sure the compiler can enforce protection against buffer overflows,
336 * memcpy(), memmove(), and memset() must not be used beyond individual
337 * struct members. If you need to copy across multiple members, please use
338 * struct_group() to create a named mirror of an anonymous struct union.
339 * (e.g. see struct sk_buff.) Read overflow checking is currently only
340 * done when a write overflow is also present, or when building with W=1.
342 * Mitigation coverage matrix
343 * Bounds checking at:
344 * +-------+-------+-------+-------+
345 * | Compile time | Run time |
346 * memcpy() argument sizes: | write | read | write | read |
347 * dest source length +-------+-------+-------+-------+
348 * memcpy(known, known, constant) | y | y | n/a | n/a |
349 * memcpy(known, unknown, constant) | y | n | n/a | V |
350 * memcpy(known, known, dynamic) | n | n | B | B |
351 * memcpy(known, unknown, dynamic) | n | n | B | V |
352 * memcpy(unknown, known, constant) | n | y | V | n/a |
353 * memcpy(unknown, unknown, constant) | n | n | V | V |
354 * memcpy(unknown, known, dynamic) | n | n | V | B |
355 * memcpy(unknown, unknown, dynamic) | n | n | V | V |
356 * +-------+-------+-------+-------+
358 * y = perform deterministic compile-time bounds checking
359 * n = cannot perform deterministic compile-time bounds checking
360 * n/a = no run-time bounds checking needed since compile-time deterministic
361 * B = can perform run-time bounds checking (currently unimplemented)
362 * V = vulnerable to run-time overflow (will need refactoring to solve)
365 __FORTIFY_INLINE bool fortify_memcpy_chk(__kernel_size_t size,
368 const size_t p_size_field,
369 const size_t q_size_field,
372 if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
374 * Length argument is a constant expression, so we
375 * can perform compile-time bounds checking where
376 * buffer sizes are also known at compile time.
379 /* Error when size is larger than enclosing struct. */
380 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size_field, p_size) &&
381 __compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
383 if (__compiletime_lessthan(q_size_field, q_size) &&
384 __compiletime_lessthan(q_size, size))
387 /* Warn when write size argument larger than dest field. */
388 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size_field, size))
389 __write_overflow_field(p_size_field, size);
391 * Warn for source field over-read when building with W=1
392 * or when an over-write happened, so both can be fixed at
395 if ((IS_ENABLED(KBUILD_EXTRA_WARN1) ||
396 __compiletime_lessthan(p_size_field, size)) &&
397 __compiletime_lessthan(q_size_field, size))
398 __read_overflow2_field(q_size_field, size);
401 * At this point, length argument may not be a constant expression,
402 * so run-time bounds checking can be done where buffer sizes are
403 * known. (This is not an "else" because the above checks may only
404 * be compile-time warnings, and we want to still warn for run-time
409 * Always stop accesses beyond the struct that contains the
410 * field, when the buffer's remaining size is known.
411 * (The SIZE_MAX test is to optimize away checks where the buffer
412 * lengths are unknown.)
414 if ((p_size != SIZE_MAX && p_size < size) ||
415 (q_size != SIZE_MAX && q_size < size))
419 * Warn when writing beyond destination field size.
421 * We must ignore p_size_field == 0 for existing 0-element
422 * fake flexible arrays, until they are all converted to
423 * proper flexible arrays.
425 * The implementation of __builtin_*object_size() behaves
426 * like sizeof() when not directly referencing a flexible
427 * array member, which means there will be many bounds checks
428 * that will appear at run-time, without a way for them to be
429 * detected at compile-time (as can be done when the destination
430 * is specifically the flexible array member).
431 * https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=101832
433 if (p_size_field != 0 && p_size_field != SIZE_MAX &&
434 p_size != p_size_field && p_size_field < size)
440 #define __fortify_memcpy_chk(p, q, size, p_size, q_size, \
441 p_size_field, q_size_field, op) ({ \
442 size_t __fortify_size = (size_t)(size); \
443 WARN_ONCE(fortify_memcpy_chk(__fortify_size, p_size, q_size, \
444 p_size_field, q_size_field, #op), \
445 #op ": detected field-spanning write (size %zu) of single %s (size %zu)\n", \
447 "field \"" #p "\" at " __FILE__ ":" __stringify(__LINE__), \
449 __underlying_##op(p, q, __fortify_size); \
453 * Notes about compile-time buffer size detection:
455 * With these types...
471 * void func(TYPE *ptr) { ... }
473 * Cases where destination size cannot be currently detected:
474 * - the size of ptr's object (seemingly by design, gcc & clang fail):
475 * __builtin_object_size(ptr, 1) == SIZE_MAX
476 * - the size of flexible arrays in ptr's obj (by design, dynamic size):
477 * __builtin_object_size(ptr->flex_buf, 1) == SIZE_MAX
478 * - the size of ANY array at the end of ptr's obj (gcc and clang bug):
479 * __builtin_object_size(ptr->end_buf, 1) == SIZE_MAX
480 * https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=101836
482 * Cases where destination size is currently detected:
483 * - the size of non-array members within ptr's object:
484 * __builtin_object_size(ptr->a, 1) == 2
485 * - the size of non-flexible-array in the middle of ptr's obj:
486 * __builtin_object_size(ptr->middle_buf, 1) == 16
491 * __struct_size() vs __member_size() must be captured here to avoid
492 * evaluating argument side-effects further into the macro layers.
494 #define memcpy(p, q, s) __fortify_memcpy_chk(p, q, s, \
495 __struct_size(p), __struct_size(q), \
496 __member_size(p), __member_size(q), \
498 #define memmove(p, q, s) __fortify_memcpy_chk(p, q, s, \
499 __struct_size(p), __struct_size(q), \
500 __member_size(p), __member_size(q), \
503 extern void *__real_memscan(void *, int, __kernel_size_t) __RENAME(memscan);
504 __FORTIFY_INLINE void *memscan(void * const POS0 p, int c, __kernel_size_t size)
506 size_t p_size = __struct_size(p);
508 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
511 fortify_panic(__func__);
512 return __real_memscan(p, c, size);
515 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_memcmp, 1, 2, 3)
516 int memcmp(const void * const POS0 p, const void * const POS0 q, __kernel_size_t size)
518 size_t p_size = __struct_size(p);
519 size_t q_size = __struct_size(q);
521 if (__builtin_constant_p(size)) {
522 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
524 if (__compiletime_lessthan(q_size, size))
527 if (p_size < size || q_size < size)
528 fortify_panic(__func__);
529 return __underlying_memcmp(p, q, size);
532 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_memchr, 1, 2, 3)
533 void *memchr(const void * const POS0 p, int c, __kernel_size_t size)
535 size_t p_size = __struct_size(p);
537 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
540 fortify_panic(__func__);
541 return __underlying_memchr(p, c, size);
544 void *__real_memchr_inv(const void *s, int c, size_t n) __RENAME(memchr_inv);
545 __FORTIFY_INLINE void *memchr_inv(const void * const POS0 p, int c, size_t size)
547 size_t p_size = __struct_size(p);
549 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
552 fortify_panic(__func__);
553 return __real_memchr_inv(p, c, size);
556 extern void *__real_kmemdup(const void *src, size_t len, gfp_t gfp) __RENAME(kmemdup);
557 __FORTIFY_INLINE void *kmemdup(const void * const POS0 p, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
559 size_t p_size = __struct_size(p);
561 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
564 fortify_panic(__func__);
565 return __real_kmemdup(p, size, gfp);
568 /* Defined after fortified strlen to reuse it. */
569 __FORTIFY_INLINE __diagnose_as(__builtin_strcpy, 1, 2)
570 char *strcpy(char * const POS p, const char * const POS q)
572 size_t p_size = __member_size(p);
573 size_t q_size = __member_size(q);
576 /* If neither buffer size is known, immediately give up. */
577 if (__builtin_constant_p(p_size) &&
578 __builtin_constant_p(q_size) &&
579 p_size == SIZE_MAX && q_size == SIZE_MAX)
580 return __underlying_strcpy(p, q);
581 size = strlen(q) + 1;
582 /* Compile-time check for const size overflow. */
583 if (__compiletime_lessthan(p_size, size))
585 /* Run-time check for dynamic size overflow. */
587 fortify_panic(__func__);
588 __underlying_memcpy(p, q, size);
592 /* Don't use these outside the FORITFY_SOURCE implementation */
593 #undef __underlying_memchr
594 #undef __underlying_memcmp
595 #undef __underlying_strcat
596 #undef __underlying_strcpy
597 #undef __underlying_strlen
598 #undef __underlying_strncat
599 #undef __underlying_strncpy
604 #endif /* _LINUX_FORTIFY_STRING_H_ */