2 * core.c - Kernel Live Patching Core
5 * Copyright (C) 2014 SUSE
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
10 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/mutex.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
28 #include <linux/list.h>
29 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
30 #include <linux/livepatch.h>
31 #include <linux/elf.h>
32 #include <linux/moduleloader.h>
33 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
36 * struct klp_ops - structure for tracking registered ftrace ops structs
38 * A single ftrace_ops is shared between all enabled replacement functions
39 * (klp_func structs) which have the same old_addr. This allows the switch
40 * between function versions to happen instantaneously by updating the klp_ops
41 * struct's func_stack list. The winner is the klp_func at the top of the
42 * func_stack (front of the list).
44 * @node: node for the global klp_ops list
45 * @func_stack: list head for the stack of klp_func's (active func is on top)
46 * @fops: registered ftrace ops struct
49 struct list_head node;
50 struct list_head func_stack;
51 struct ftrace_ops fops;
55 * The klp_mutex protects the global lists and state transitions of any
56 * structure reachable from them. References to any structure must be obtained
57 * under mutex protection (except in klp_ftrace_handler(), which uses RCU to
58 * ensure it gets consistent data).
60 static DEFINE_MUTEX(klp_mutex);
62 static LIST_HEAD(klp_patches);
63 static LIST_HEAD(klp_ops);
65 static struct kobject *klp_root_kobj;
67 static struct klp_ops *klp_find_ops(unsigned long old_addr)
70 struct klp_func *func;
72 list_for_each_entry(ops, &klp_ops, node) {
73 func = list_first_entry(&ops->func_stack, struct klp_func,
75 if (func->old_addr == old_addr)
82 static bool klp_is_module(struct klp_object *obj)
87 static bool klp_is_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj)
89 return !obj->name || obj->mod;
92 /* sets obj->mod if object is not vmlinux and module is found */
93 static void klp_find_object_module(struct klp_object *obj)
97 if (!klp_is_module(obj))
100 mutex_lock(&module_mutex);
102 * We do not want to block removal of patched modules and therefore
103 * we do not take a reference here. The patches are removed by
104 * klp_module_going() instead.
106 mod = find_module(obj->name);
108 * Do not mess work of klp_module_coming() and klp_module_going().
109 * Note that the patch might still be needed before klp_module_going()
110 * is called. Module functions can be called even in the GOING state
111 * until mod->exit() finishes. This is especially important for
112 * patches that modify semantic of the functions.
114 if (mod && mod->klp_alive)
117 mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
120 /* klp_mutex must be held by caller */
121 static bool klp_is_patch_registered(struct klp_patch *patch)
123 struct klp_patch *mypatch;
125 list_for_each_entry(mypatch, &klp_patches, list)
126 if (mypatch == patch)
132 static bool klp_initialized(void)
134 return !!klp_root_kobj;
137 struct klp_find_arg {
145 static int klp_find_callback(void *data, const char *name,
146 struct module *mod, unsigned long addr)
148 struct klp_find_arg *args = data;
150 if ((mod && !args->objname) || (!mod && args->objname))
153 if (strcmp(args->name, name))
156 if (args->objname && strcmp(args->objname, mod->name))
163 * Finish the search when the symbol is found for the desired position
164 * or the position is not defined for a non-unique symbol.
166 if ((args->pos && (args->count == args->pos)) ||
167 (!args->pos && (args->count > 1)))
173 static int klp_find_object_symbol(const char *objname, const char *name,
174 unsigned long sympos, unsigned long *addr)
176 struct klp_find_arg args = {
184 mutex_lock(&module_mutex);
185 kallsyms_on_each_symbol(klp_find_callback, &args);
186 mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
189 * Ensure an address was found. If sympos is 0, ensure symbol is unique;
190 * otherwise ensure the symbol position count matches sympos.
193 pr_err("symbol '%s' not found in symbol table\n", name);
194 else if (args.count > 1 && sympos == 0) {
195 pr_err("unresolvable ambiguity for symbol '%s' in object '%s'\n",
197 } else if (sympos != args.count && sympos > 0) {
198 pr_err("symbol position %lu for symbol '%s' in object '%s' not found\n",
199 sympos, name, objname ? objname : "vmlinux");
209 static int klp_resolve_symbols(Elf_Shdr *relasec, struct module *pmod)
211 int i, cnt, vmlinux, ret;
212 char objname[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
213 char symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
214 char *strtab = pmod->core_kallsyms.strtab;
217 unsigned long sympos, addr;
220 * Since the field widths for objname and symname in the sscanf()
221 * call are hard-coded and correspond to MODULE_NAME_LEN and
222 * KSYM_NAME_LEN respectively, we must make sure that MODULE_NAME_LEN
223 * and KSYM_NAME_LEN have the values we expect them to have.
225 * Because the value of MODULE_NAME_LEN can differ among architectures,
226 * we use the smallest/strictest upper bound possible (56, based on
227 * the current definition of MODULE_NAME_LEN) to prevent overflows.
229 BUILD_BUG_ON(MODULE_NAME_LEN < 56 || KSYM_NAME_LEN != 128);
231 relas = (Elf_Rela *) relasec->sh_addr;
232 /* For each rela in this klp relocation section */
233 for (i = 0; i < relasec->sh_size / sizeof(Elf_Rela); i++) {
234 sym = pmod->core_kallsyms.symtab + ELF_R_SYM(relas[i].r_info);
235 if (sym->st_shndx != SHN_LIVEPATCH) {
236 pr_err("symbol %s is not marked as a livepatch symbol",
237 strtab + sym->st_name);
241 /* Format: .klp.sym.objname.symname,sympos */
242 cnt = sscanf(strtab + sym->st_name,
243 ".klp.sym.%55[^.].%127[^,],%lu",
244 objname, symname, &sympos);
246 pr_err("symbol %s has an incorrectly formatted name",
247 strtab + sym->st_name);
251 /* klp_find_object_symbol() treats a NULL objname as vmlinux */
252 vmlinux = !strcmp(objname, "vmlinux");
253 ret = klp_find_object_symbol(vmlinux ? NULL : objname,
254 symname, sympos, &addr);
258 sym->st_value = addr;
264 static int klp_write_object_relocations(struct module *pmod,
265 struct klp_object *obj)
268 const char *objname, *secname;
269 char sec_objname[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
272 if (WARN_ON(!klp_is_object_loaded(obj)))
275 objname = klp_is_module(obj) ? obj->name : "vmlinux";
277 module_disable_ro(pmod);
278 /* For each klp relocation section */
279 for (i = 1; i < pmod->klp_info->hdr.e_shnum; i++) {
280 sec = pmod->klp_info->sechdrs + i;
281 secname = pmod->klp_info->secstrings + sec->sh_name;
282 if (!(sec->sh_flags & SHF_RELA_LIVEPATCH))
286 * Format: .klp.rela.sec_objname.section_name
287 * See comment in klp_resolve_symbols() for an explanation
288 * of the selected field width value.
290 cnt = sscanf(secname, ".klp.rela.%55[^.]", sec_objname);
292 pr_err("section %s has an incorrectly formatted name",
298 if (strcmp(objname, sec_objname))
301 ret = klp_resolve_symbols(sec, pmod);
305 ret = apply_relocate_add(pmod->klp_info->sechdrs,
306 pmod->core_kallsyms.strtab,
307 pmod->klp_info->symndx, i, pmod);
312 module_enable_ro(pmod, true);
316 static void notrace klp_ftrace_handler(unsigned long ip,
317 unsigned long parent_ip,
318 struct ftrace_ops *fops,
319 struct pt_regs *regs)
322 struct klp_func *func;
324 ops = container_of(fops, struct klp_ops, fops);
327 func = list_first_or_null_rcu(&ops->func_stack, struct klp_func,
329 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!func))
332 klp_arch_set_pc(regs, (unsigned long)func->new_func);
338 * Convert a function address into the appropriate ftrace location.
340 * Usually this is just the address of the function, but on some architectures
341 * it's more complicated so allow them to provide a custom behaviour.
343 #ifndef klp_get_ftrace_location
344 static unsigned long klp_get_ftrace_location(unsigned long faddr)
350 static void klp_disable_func(struct klp_func *func)
354 if (WARN_ON(func->state != KLP_ENABLED))
356 if (WARN_ON(!func->old_addr))
359 ops = klp_find_ops(func->old_addr);
363 if (list_is_singular(&ops->func_stack)) {
364 unsigned long ftrace_loc;
366 ftrace_loc = klp_get_ftrace_location(func->old_addr);
367 if (WARN_ON(!ftrace_loc))
370 WARN_ON(unregister_ftrace_function(&ops->fops));
371 WARN_ON(ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, ftrace_loc, 1, 0));
373 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
374 list_del(&ops->node);
377 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
380 func->state = KLP_DISABLED;
383 static int klp_enable_func(struct klp_func *func)
388 if (WARN_ON(!func->old_addr))
391 if (WARN_ON(func->state != KLP_DISABLED))
394 ops = klp_find_ops(func->old_addr);
396 unsigned long ftrace_loc;
398 ftrace_loc = klp_get_ftrace_location(func->old_addr);
400 pr_err("failed to find location for function '%s'\n",
405 ops = kzalloc(sizeof(*ops), GFP_KERNEL);
409 ops->fops.func = klp_ftrace_handler;
410 ops->fops.flags = FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS |
411 FTRACE_OPS_FL_DYNAMIC |
412 FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY;
414 list_add(&ops->node, &klp_ops);
416 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ops->func_stack);
417 list_add_rcu(&func->stack_node, &ops->func_stack);
419 ret = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, ftrace_loc, 0, 0);
421 pr_err("failed to set ftrace filter for function '%s' (%d)\n",
422 func->old_name, ret);
426 ret = register_ftrace_function(&ops->fops);
428 pr_err("failed to register ftrace handler for function '%s' (%d)\n",
429 func->old_name, ret);
430 ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, ftrace_loc, 1, 0);
436 list_add_rcu(&func->stack_node, &ops->func_stack);
439 func->state = KLP_ENABLED;
444 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
445 list_del(&ops->node);
450 static void klp_disable_object(struct klp_object *obj)
452 struct klp_func *func;
454 klp_for_each_func(obj, func)
455 if (func->state == KLP_ENABLED)
456 klp_disable_func(func);
458 obj->state = KLP_DISABLED;
461 static int klp_enable_object(struct klp_object *obj)
463 struct klp_func *func;
466 if (WARN_ON(obj->state != KLP_DISABLED))
469 if (WARN_ON(!klp_is_object_loaded(obj)))
472 klp_for_each_func(obj, func) {
473 ret = klp_enable_func(func);
475 klp_disable_object(obj);
479 obj->state = KLP_ENABLED;
484 static int __klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
486 struct klp_object *obj;
488 /* enforce stacking: only the last enabled patch can be disabled */
489 if (!list_is_last(&patch->list, &klp_patches) &&
490 list_next_entry(patch, list)->state == KLP_ENABLED)
493 pr_notice("disabling patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name);
495 klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) {
496 if (obj->state == KLP_ENABLED)
497 klp_disable_object(obj);
500 patch->state = KLP_DISABLED;
506 * klp_disable_patch() - disables a registered patch
507 * @patch: The registered, enabled patch to be disabled
509 * Unregisters the patched functions from ftrace.
511 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
513 int klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
517 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
519 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
524 if (patch->state == KLP_DISABLED) {
529 ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch);
532 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
535 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_disable_patch);
537 static int __klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
539 struct klp_object *obj;
542 if (WARN_ON(patch->state != KLP_DISABLED))
545 /* enforce stacking: only the first disabled patch can be enabled */
546 if (patch->list.prev != &klp_patches &&
547 list_prev_entry(patch, list)->state == KLP_DISABLED)
550 pr_notice_once("tainting kernel with TAINT_LIVEPATCH\n");
551 add_taint(TAINT_LIVEPATCH, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
553 pr_notice("enabling patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name);
555 klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) {
556 if (!klp_is_object_loaded(obj))
559 ret = klp_enable_object(obj);
564 patch->state = KLP_ENABLED;
569 WARN_ON(__klp_disable_patch(patch));
574 * klp_enable_patch() - enables a registered patch
575 * @patch: The registered, disabled patch to be enabled
577 * Performs the needed symbol lookups and code relocations,
578 * then registers the patched functions with ftrace.
580 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
582 int klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
586 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
588 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
593 ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch);
596 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
599 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_enable_patch);
604 * /sys/kernel/livepatch
605 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>
606 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled
607 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>
608 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>/<function,sympos>
611 static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
612 const char *buf, size_t count)
614 struct klp_patch *patch;
618 ret = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &val);
622 if (val != KLP_DISABLED && val != KLP_ENABLED)
625 patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj);
627 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
629 if (val == patch->state) {
630 /* already in requested state */
635 if (val == KLP_ENABLED) {
636 ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch);
640 ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch);
645 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
650 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
654 static ssize_t enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj,
655 struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
657 struct klp_patch *patch;
659 patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj);
660 return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%d\n", patch->state);
663 static struct kobj_attribute enabled_kobj_attr = __ATTR_RW(enabled);
664 static struct attribute *klp_patch_attrs[] = {
665 &enabled_kobj_attr.attr,
669 static void klp_kobj_release_patch(struct kobject *kobj)
672 * Once we have a consistency model we'll need to module_put() the
673 * patch module here. See klp_register_patch() for more details.
677 static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_patch = {
678 .release = klp_kobj_release_patch,
679 .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
680 .default_attrs = klp_patch_attrs,
683 static void klp_kobj_release_object(struct kobject *kobj)
687 static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_object = {
688 .release = klp_kobj_release_object,
689 .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
692 static void klp_kobj_release_func(struct kobject *kobj)
696 static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_func = {
697 .release = klp_kobj_release_func,
698 .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
702 * Free all functions' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is
703 * NULL, all kobjects are freed.
705 static void klp_free_funcs_limited(struct klp_object *obj,
706 struct klp_func *limit)
708 struct klp_func *func;
710 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name && func != limit; func++)
711 kobject_put(&func->kobj);
714 /* Clean up when a patched object is unloaded */
715 static void klp_free_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj)
717 struct klp_func *func;
721 klp_for_each_func(obj, func)
726 * Free all objects' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is
727 * NULL, all kobjects are freed.
729 static void klp_free_objects_limited(struct klp_patch *patch,
730 struct klp_object *limit)
732 struct klp_object *obj;
734 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs && obj != limit; obj++) {
735 klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, NULL);
736 kobject_put(&obj->kobj);
740 static void klp_free_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
742 klp_free_objects_limited(patch, NULL);
743 if (!list_empty(&patch->list))
744 list_del(&patch->list);
745 kobject_put(&patch->kobj);
748 static int klp_init_func(struct klp_object *obj, struct klp_func *func)
750 if (!func->old_name || !func->new_func)
753 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&func->stack_node);
754 func->state = KLP_DISABLED;
756 /* The format for the sysfs directory is <function,sympos> where sympos
757 * is the nth occurrence of this symbol in kallsyms for the patched
758 * object. If the user selects 0 for old_sympos, then 1 will be used
759 * since a unique symbol will be the first occurrence.
761 return kobject_init_and_add(&func->kobj, &klp_ktype_func,
762 &obj->kobj, "%s,%lu", func->old_name,
763 func->old_sympos ? func->old_sympos : 1);
766 /* parts of the initialization that is done only when the object is loaded */
767 static int klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch,
768 struct klp_object *obj)
770 struct klp_func *func;
773 ret = klp_write_object_relocations(patch->mod, obj);
777 klp_for_each_func(obj, func) {
778 ret = klp_find_object_symbol(obj->name, func->old_name,
788 static int klp_init_object(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *obj)
790 struct klp_func *func;
797 obj->state = KLP_DISABLED;
800 klp_find_object_module(obj);
802 name = klp_is_module(obj) ? obj->name : "vmlinux";
803 ret = kobject_init_and_add(&obj->kobj, &klp_ktype_object,
804 &patch->kobj, "%s", name);
808 klp_for_each_func(obj, func) {
809 ret = klp_init_func(obj, func);
814 if (klp_is_object_loaded(obj)) {
815 ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj);
823 klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, func);
824 kobject_put(&obj->kobj);
828 static int klp_init_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
830 struct klp_object *obj;
836 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
838 patch->state = KLP_DISABLED;
840 ret = kobject_init_and_add(&patch->kobj, &klp_ktype_patch,
841 klp_root_kobj, "%s", patch->mod->name);
845 klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) {
846 ret = klp_init_object(patch, obj);
851 list_add_tail(&patch->list, &klp_patches);
853 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
858 klp_free_objects_limited(patch, obj);
859 kobject_put(&patch->kobj);
861 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
866 * klp_unregister_patch() - unregisters a patch
867 * @patch: Disabled patch to be unregistered
869 * Frees the data structures and removes the sysfs interface.
871 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
873 int klp_unregister_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
877 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
879 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
884 if (patch->state == KLP_ENABLED) {
889 klp_free_patch(patch);
892 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
895 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_unregister_patch);
898 * klp_register_patch() - registers a patch
899 * @patch: Patch to be registered
901 * Initializes the data structure associated with the patch and
902 * creates the sysfs interface.
904 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
906 int klp_register_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
910 if (!patch || !patch->mod)
913 if (!is_livepatch_module(patch->mod)) {
914 pr_err("module %s is not marked as a livepatch module",
919 if (!klp_initialized())
923 * A reference is taken on the patch module to prevent it from being
924 * unloaded. Right now, we don't allow patch modules to unload since
925 * there is currently no method to determine if a thread is still
926 * running in the patched code contained in the patch module once
927 * the ftrace registration is successful.
929 if (!try_module_get(patch->mod))
932 ret = klp_init_patch(patch);
934 module_put(patch->mod);
938 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_register_patch);
940 int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod)
943 struct klp_patch *patch;
944 struct klp_object *obj;
946 if (WARN_ON(mod->state != MODULE_STATE_COMING))
949 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
951 * Each module has to know that klp_module_coming()
952 * has been called. We never know what module will
953 * get patched by a new patch.
955 mod->klp_alive = true;
957 list_for_each_entry(patch, &klp_patches, list) {
958 klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) {
959 if (!klp_is_module(obj) || strcmp(obj->name, mod->name))
964 ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj);
966 pr_warn("failed to initialize patch '%s' for module '%s' (%d)\n",
967 patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, ret);
971 if (patch->state == KLP_DISABLED)
974 pr_notice("applying patch '%s' to loading module '%s'\n",
975 patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name);
977 ret = klp_enable_object(obj);
979 pr_warn("failed to apply patch '%s' to module '%s' (%d)\n",
980 patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, ret);
988 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
994 * If a patch is unsuccessfully applied, return
995 * error to the module loader.
997 pr_warn("patch '%s' failed for module '%s', refusing to load module '%s'\n",
998 patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name, obj->mod->name);
999 mod->klp_alive = false;
1000 klp_free_object_loaded(obj);
1001 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
1006 void klp_module_going(struct module *mod)
1008 struct klp_patch *patch;
1009 struct klp_object *obj;
1011 if (WARN_ON(mod->state != MODULE_STATE_GOING &&
1012 mod->state != MODULE_STATE_COMING))
1015 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
1017 * Each module has to know that klp_module_going()
1018 * has been called. We never know what module will
1019 * get patched by a new patch.
1021 mod->klp_alive = false;
1023 list_for_each_entry(patch, &klp_patches, list) {
1024 klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) {
1025 if (!klp_is_module(obj) || strcmp(obj->name, mod->name))
1028 if (patch->state != KLP_DISABLED) {
1029 pr_notice("reverting patch '%s' on unloading module '%s'\n",
1030 patch->mod->name, obj->mod->name);
1031 klp_disable_object(obj);
1034 klp_free_object_loaded(obj);
1039 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
1042 static int __init klp_init(void)
1046 ret = klp_check_compiler_support();
1048 pr_info("Your compiler is too old; turning off.\n");
1052 klp_root_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("livepatch", kernel_kobj);
1059 module_init(klp_init);