1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Polling/bitbanging SPI host controller controller driver utilities
6 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
7 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
8 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
9 #include <linux/module.h>
10 #include <linux/delay.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/time64.h>
16 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
17 #include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
19 #define SPI_BITBANG_CS_DELAY 100
22 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
25 * FIRST PART (OPTIONAL): word-at-a-time spi_transfer support.
26 * Use this for GPIO or shift-register level hardware APIs.
28 * spi_bitbang_cs is in spi_device->controller_state, which is unavailable
29 * to glue code. These bitbang setup() and cleanup() routines are always
30 * used, though maybe they're called from controller-aware code.
32 * chipselect() and friends may use spi_device->controller_data and
33 * controller registers as appropriate.
36 * NOTE: SPI controller pins can often be used as GPIO pins instead,
37 * which means you could use a bitbang driver either to get hardware
38 * working quickly, or testing for differences that aren't speed related.
41 typedef unsigned int (*spi_bb_txrx_bufs_fn)(struct spi_device *, spi_bb_txrx_word_fn,
42 unsigned int, struct spi_transfer *,
45 struct spi_bitbang_cs {
46 unsigned int nsecs; /* (clock cycle time) / 2 */
47 spi_bb_txrx_word_fn txrx_word;
48 spi_bb_txrx_bufs_fn txrx_bufs;
51 static unsigned int bitbang_txrx_8(struct spi_device *spi,
52 spi_bb_txrx_word_fn txrx_word,
54 struct spi_transfer *t,
57 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
58 unsigned int bits = t->bits_per_word;
59 unsigned int count = t->len;
60 const u8 *tx = t->tx_buf;
63 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
64 while (likely(count > 0)) {
70 word = spi->mode & SPI_MOSI_IDLE_HIGH ? 0xFF : 0;
71 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits, flags);
76 if (bitbang->set_mosi_idle)
77 bitbang->set_mosi_idle(spi);
79 return t->len - count;
82 static unsigned int bitbang_txrx_16(struct spi_device *spi,
83 spi_bb_txrx_word_fn txrx_word,
85 struct spi_transfer *t,
88 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
89 unsigned int bits = t->bits_per_word;
90 unsigned int count = t->len;
91 const u16 *tx = t->tx_buf;
94 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
95 while (likely(count > 1)) {
101 word = spi->mode & SPI_MOSI_IDLE_HIGH ? 0xFFFF : 0;
102 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits, flags);
107 if (bitbang->set_mosi_idle)
108 bitbang->set_mosi_idle(spi);
110 return t->len - count;
113 static unsigned int bitbang_txrx_32(struct spi_device *spi,
114 spi_bb_txrx_word_fn txrx_word,
116 struct spi_transfer *t,
119 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
120 unsigned int bits = t->bits_per_word;
121 unsigned int count = t->len;
122 const u32 *tx = t->tx_buf;
125 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
126 while (likely(count > 3)) {
132 word = spi->mode & SPI_MOSI_IDLE_HIGH ? 0xFFFFFFFF : 0;
133 word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits, flags);
138 if (bitbang->set_mosi_idle)
139 bitbang->set_mosi_idle(spi);
141 return t->len - count;
144 int spi_bitbang_setup_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
146 struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
151 bits_per_word = t->bits_per_word;
158 /* spi_transfer level calls that work per-word */
160 bits_per_word = spi->bits_per_word;
161 if (bits_per_word <= 8)
162 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_8;
163 else if (bits_per_word <= 16)
164 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_16;
165 else if (bits_per_word <= 32)
166 cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_32;
170 /* nsecs = (clock period)/2 */
172 hz = spi->max_speed_hz;
174 cs->nsecs = (NSEC_PER_SEC / 2) / hz;
175 if (cs->nsecs > (MAX_UDELAY_MS * NSEC_PER_MSEC))
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup_transfer);
184 * spi_bitbang_setup - default setup for per-word I/O loops
186 int spi_bitbang_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
188 struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
189 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
190 bool initial_setup = false;
193 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
196 cs = kzalloc(sizeof(*cs), GFP_KERNEL);
199 spi->controller_state = cs;
200 initial_setup = true;
203 /* per-word shift register access, in hardware or bitbanging */
204 cs->txrx_word = bitbang->txrx_word[spi->mode & (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA)];
205 if (!cs->txrx_word) {
210 if (bitbang->setup_transfer) {
211 retval = bitbang->setup_transfer(spi, NULL);
216 if (bitbang->set_mosi_idle)
217 bitbang->set_mosi_idle(spi);
219 dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s, %u nsec/bit\n", __func__, 2 * cs->nsecs);
228 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup);
231 * spi_bitbang_cleanup - default cleanup for per-word I/O loops
233 void spi_bitbang_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi)
235 kfree(spi->controller_state);
237 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_cleanup);
239 static int spi_bitbang_bufs(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
241 struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
242 unsigned int nsecs = cs->nsecs;
243 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
245 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
246 if (bitbang->set_line_direction) {
249 err = bitbang->set_line_direction(spi, !!(t->tx_buf));
254 if (spi->mode & SPI_3WIRE) {
257 flags = t->tx_buf ? SPI_CONTROLLER_NO_RX : SPI_CONTROLLER_NO_TX;
258 return cs->txrx_bufs(spi, cs->txrx_word, nsecs, t, flags);
260 return cs->txrx_bufs(spi, cs->txrx_word, nsecs, t, 0);
263 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
266 * SECOND PART ... simple transfer queue runner.
268 * This costs a task context per controller, running the queue by
269 * performing each transfer in sequence. Smarter hardware can queue
270 * several DMA transfers at once, and process several controller queues
271 * in parallel; this driver doesn't match such hardware very well.
273 * Drivers can provide word-at-a-time i/o primitives, or provide
274 * transfer-at-a-time ones to leverage dma or fifo hardware.
277 static int spi_bitbang_prepare_hardware(struct spi_controller *spi)
279 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
281 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi);
283 mutex_lock(&bitbang->lock);
285 mutex_unlock(&bitbang->lock);
290 static int spi_bitbang_transfer_one(struct spi_controller *ctlr,
291 struct spi_device *spi,
292 struct spi_transfer *transfer)
294 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(ctlr);
297 if (bitbang->setup_transfer) {
298 status = bitbang->setup_transfer(spi, transfer);
304 status = bitbang->txrx_bufs(spi, transfer);
306 if (status == transfer->len)
308 else if (status >= 0)
312 spi_finalize_current_transfer(ctlr);
317 static int spi_bitbang_unprepare_hardware(struct spi_controller *spi)
319 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
321 bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi);
323 mutex_lock(&bitbang->lock);
325 mutex_unlock(&bitbang->lock);
330 static void spi_bitbang_set_cs(struct spi_device *spi, bool enable)
332 struct spi_bitbang *bitbang = spi_controller_get_devdata(spi->controller);
334 /* SPI core provides CS high / low, but bitbang driver
336 * spi device driver takes care of handling SPI_CS_HIGH
338 enable = (!!(spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH) == enable);
340 ndelay(SPI_BITBANG_CS_DELAY);
341 bitbang->chipselect(spi, enable ? BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE :
342 BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
343 ndelay(SPI_BITBANG_CS_DELAY);
346 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
348 int spi_bitbang_init(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
350 struct spi_controller *ctlr = bitbang->ctlr;
356 * We only need the chipselect callback if we are actually using it.
357 * If we just use GPIO descriptors, it is surplus. If the
358 * SPI_CONTROLLER_GPIO_SS flag is set, we always need to call the
359 * driver-specific chipselect routine.
361 custom_cs = (!ctlr->use_gpio_descriptors ||
362 (ctlr->flags & SPI_CONTROLLER_GPIO_SS));
364 if (custom_cs && !bitbang->chipselect)
367 mutex_init(&bitbang->lock);
369 if (!ctlr->mode_bits)
370 ctlr->mode_bits = SPI_CPOL | SPI_CPHA | bitbang->flags;
372 if (ctlr->transfer || ctlr->transfer_one_message)
375 ctlr->prepare_transfer_hardware = spi_bitbang_prepare_hardware;
376 ctlr->unprepare_transfer_hardware = spi_bitbang_unprepare_hardware;
377 ctlr->transfer_one = spi_bitbang_transfer_one;
379 * When using GPIO descriptors, the ->set_cs() callback doesn't even
380 * get called unless SPI_CONTROLLER_GPIO_SS is set.
383 ctlr->set_cs = spi_bitbang_set_cs;
385 if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
386 bitbang->use_dma = 0;
387 bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
389 if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
390 bitbang->setup_transfer =
391 spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
392 ctlr->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
393 ctlr->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
399 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_init);
402 * spi_bitbang_start - start up a polled/bitbanging SPI host controller driver
403 * @bitbang: driver handle
405 * Caller should have zero-initialized all parts of the structure, and then
406 * provided callbacks for chip selection and I/O loops. If the host controller has
407 * a transfer method, its final step should call spi_bitbang_transfer(); or,
408 * that's the default if the transfer routine is not initialized. It should
409 * also set up the bus number and number of chipselects.
411 * For i/o loops, provide callbacks either per-word (for bitbanging, or for
412 * hardware that basically exposes a shift register) or per-spi_transfer
413 * (which takes better advantage of hardware like fifos or DMA engines).
415 * Drivers using per-word I/O loops should use (or call) spi_bitbang_setup(),
416 * spi_bitbang_cleanup() and spi_bitbang_setup_transfer() to handle those SPI
417 * host controller methods. Those methods are the defaults if the bitbang->txrx_bufs
418 * routine isn't initialized.
420 * This routine registers the spi_controller, which will process requests in a
421 * dedicated task, keeping IRQs unblocked most of the time. To stop
422 * processing those requests, call spi_bitbang_stop().
424 * On success, this routine will take a reference to the controller. The caller
425 * is responsible for calling spi_bitbang_stop() to decrement the reference and
426 * spi_controller_put() as counterpart of spi_alloc_host() to prevent a memory
429 int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
431 struct spi_controller *ctlr = bitbang->ctlr;
434 ret = spi_bitbang_init(bitbang);
438 /* driver may get busy before register() returns, especially
439 * if someone registered boardinfo for devices
441 ret = spi_register_controller(spi_controller_get(ctlr));
443 spi_controller_put(ctlr);
447 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_start);
450 * spi_bitbang_stop - stops the task providing spi communication
452 void spi_bitbang_stop(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
454 spi_unregister_controller(bitbang->ctlr);
456 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_stop);
458 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
459 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Utilities for Bitbanging SPI host controllers");