Linux 6.14-rc3

[linux.git] / arch / x86 / mm / init.c

#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/swapfile.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/execmem.h>

#include <asm/set_memory.h>
#include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
#include <asm/e820/api.h>
#include <asm/init.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/page_types.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/proto.h>
#include <asm/dma.h>            /* for MAX_DMA_PFN */
#include <asm/kaslr.h>
#include <asm/hypervisor.h>
#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
#include <asm/pti.h>
#include <asm/text-patching.h>
#include <asm/memtype.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>

/*
 * We need to define the tracepoints somewhere, and tlb.c
 * is only compiled when SMP=y.
 */
#include <trace/events/tlb.h>

#include "mm_internal.h"

/*
 * Tables translating between page_cache_type_t and pte encoding.
 *
 * The default values are defined statically as minimal supported mode;
 * WC and WT fall back to UC-.  pat_init() updates these values to support
 * more cache modes, WC and WT, when it is safe to do so.  See pat_init()
 * for the details.  Note, __early_ioremap() used during early boot-time
 * takes pgprot_t (pte encoding) and does not use these tables.
 *
 *   Index into __cachemode2pte_tbl[] is the cachemode.
 *
 *   Index into __pte2cachemode_tbl[] are the caching attribute bits of the pte
 *   (_PAGE_PWT, _PAGE_PCD, _PAGE_PAT) at index bit positions 0, 1, 2.
 */
static uint16_t __cachemode2pte_tbl[_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_NUM] = {
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB      ]     = 0         | 0        ,
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WC      ]     = 0         | _PAGE_PCD,
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS]     = 0         | _PAGE_PCD,
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC      ]     = _PAGE_PWT | _PAGE_PCD,
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WT      ]     = 0         | _PAGE_PCD,
        [_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP      ]     = 0         | _PAGE_PCD,
};

unsigned long cachemode2protval(enum page_cache_mode pcm)
{
        if (likely(pcm == 0))
                return 0;
        return __cachemode2pte_tbl[pcm];
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cachemode2protval);

static uint8_t __pte2cachemode_tbl[8] = {
        [__pte2cm_idx( 0        | 0         | 0        )] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB,
        [__pte2cm_idx(_PAGE_PWT | 0         | 0        )] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS,
        [__pte2cm_idx( 0        | _PAGE_PCD | 0        )] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS,
        [__pte2cm_idx(_PAGE_PWT | _PAGE_PCD | 0        )] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC,
        [__pte2cm_idx( 0        | 0         | _PAGE_PAT)] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB,
        [__pte2cm_idx(_PAGE_PWT | 0         | _PAGE_PAT)] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS,
        [__pte2cm_idx(0         | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PAT)] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC_MINUS,
        [__pte2cm_idx(_PAGE_PWT | _PAGE_PCD | _PAGE_PAT)] = _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_UC,
};

/*
 * Check that the write-protect PAT entry is set for write-protect.
 * To do this without making assumptions how PAT has been set up (Xen has
 * another layout than the kernel), translate the _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP cache
 * mode via the __cachemode2pte_tbl[] into protection bits (those protection
 * bits will select a cache mode of WP or better), and then translate the
 * protection bits back into the cache mode using __pte2cm_idx() and the
 * __pte2cachemode_tbl[] array. This will return the really used cache mode.
 */
bool x86_has_pat_wp(void)
{
        uint16_t prot = __cachemode2pte_tbl[_PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP];

        return __pte2cachemode_tbl[__pte2cm_idx(prot)] == _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WP;
}

enum page_cache_mode pgprot2cachemode(pgprot_t pgprot)
{
        unsigned long masked;

        masked = pgprot_val(pgprot) & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
        if (likely(masked == 0))
                return 0;
        return __pte2cachemode_tbl[__pte2cm_idx(masked)];
}

static unsigned long __initdata pgt_buf_start;
static unsigned long __initdata pgt_buf_end;
static unsigned long __initdata pgt_buf_top;

static unsigned long min_pfn_mapped;

static bool __initdata can_use_brk_pgt = true;

/*
 * Pages returned are already directly mapped.
 *
 * Changing that is likely to break Xen, see commit:
 *
 *    279b706 x86,xen: introduce x86_init.mapping.pagetable_reserve
 *
 * for detailed information.
 */
__ref void *alloc_low_pages(unsigned int num)
{
        unsigned long pfn;
        int i;

        if (after_bootmem) {
                unsigned int order;

                order = get_order((unsigned long)num << PAGE_SHIFT);
                return (void *)__get_free_pages(GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_ZERO, order);
        }

        if ((pgt_buf_end + num) > pgt_buf_top || !can_use_brk_pgt) {
                unsigned long ret = 0;

                if (min_pfn_mapped < max_pfn_mapped) {
                        ret = memblock_phys_alloc_range(
                                        PAGE_SIZE * num, PAGE_SIZE,
                                        min_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT,
                                        max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
                }
                if (!ret && can_use_brk_pgt)
                        ret = __pa(extend_brk(PAGE_SIZE * num, PAGE_SIZE));

                if (!ret)
                        panic("alloc_low_pages: can not alloc memory");

                pfn = ret >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        } else {
                pfn = pgt_buf_end;
                pgt_buf_end += num;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                void *adr;

                adr = __va((pfn + i) << PAGE_SHIFT);
                clear_page(adr);
        }

        return __va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
}

/*
 * By default need to be able to allocate page tables below PGD firstly for
 * the 0-ISA_END_ADDRESS range and secondly for the initial PMD_SIZE mapping.
 * With KASLR memory randomization, depending on the machine e820 memory and the
 * PUD alignment, twice that many pages may be needed when KASLR memory
 * randomization is enabled.
 */

#ifndef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
#define INIT_PGD_PAGE_TABLES    3
#else
#define INIT_PGD_PAGE_TABLES    4
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY
#define INIT_PGD_PAGE_COUNT      (2 * INIT_PGD_PAGE_TABLES)
#else
#define INIT_PGD_PAGE_COUNT      (4 * INIT_PGD_PAGE_TABLES)
#endif

#define INIT_PGT_BUF_SIZE       (INIT_PGD_PAGE_COUNT * PAGE_SIZE)
RESERVE_BRK(early_pgt_alloc, INIT_PGT_BUF_SIZE);
void  __init early_alloc_pgt_buf(void)
{
        unsigned long tables = INIT_PGT_BUF_SIZE;
        phys_addr_t base;

        base = __pa(extend_brk(tables, PAGE_SIZE));

        pgt_buf_start = base >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        pgt_buf_end = pgt_buf_start;
        pgt_buf_top = pgt_buf_start + (tables >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

int after_bootmem;

early_param_on_off("gbpages", "nogbpages", direct_gbpages, CONFIG_X86_DIRECT_GBPAGES);

struct map_range {
        unsigned long start;
        unsigned long end;
        unsigned page_size_mask;
};

static int page_size_mask;

/*
 * Save some of cr4 feature set we're using (e.g.  Pentium 4MB
 * enable and PPro Global page enable), so that any CPU's that boot
 * up after us can get the correct flags. Invoked on the boot CPU.
 */
static inline void cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot(unsigned long mask)
{
        mmu_cr4_features |= mask;
        if (trampoline_cr4_features)
                *trampoline_cr4_features = mmu_cr4_features;
        cr4_set_bits(mask);
}

static void __init probe_page_size_mask(void)
{
        /*
         * For pagealloc debugging, identity mapping will use small pages.
         * This will simplify cpa(), which otherwise needs to support splitting
         * large pages into small in interrupt context, etc.
         */
        if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PSE) && !debug_pagealloc_enabled())
                page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_2M;
        else
                direct_gbpages = 0;

        /* Enable PSE if available */
        if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PSE))
                cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot(X86_CR4_PSE);

        /* Enable PGE if available */
        __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_GLOBAL;
        if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PGE)) {
                cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot(X86_CR4_PGE);
                __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
        }

        /* By the default is everything supported: */
        __default_kernel_pte_mask = __supported_pte_mask;
        /* Except when with PTI where the kernel is mostly non-Global: */
        if (cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_PTI))
                __default_kernel_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_GLOBAL;

        /* Enable 1 GB linear kernel mappings if available: */
        if (direct_gbpages && boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_GBPAGES)) {
                printk(KERN_INFO "Using GB pages for direct mapping\n");
                page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_1G;
        } else {
                direct_gbpages = 0;
        }
}

/*
 * INVLPG may not properly flush Global entries on
 * these CPUs.  New microcode fixes the issue.
 */
static const struct x86_cpu_id invlpg_miss_ids[] = {
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_ALDERLAKE,      0x2e),
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_ALDERLAKE_L,    0x42c),
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_ATOM_GRACEMONT, 0x11),
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE,     0x118),
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_P,   0x4117),
        X86_MATCH_VFM(INTEL_RAPTORLAKE_S,   0x2e),
        {}
};

static void setup_pcid(void)
{
        const struct x86_cpu_id *invlpg_miss_match;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
                return;

        if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PCID))
                return;

        invlpg_miss_match = x86_match_cpu(invlpg_miss_ids);

        if (invlpg_miss_match &&
            boot_cpu_data.microcode < invlpg_miss_match->driver_data) {
                pr_info("Incomplete global flushes, disabling PCID");
                setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_PCID);
                return;
        }

        if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PGE)) {
                /*
                 * This can't be cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot() -- the
                 * trampoline code can't handle CR4.PCIDE and it wouldn't
                 * do any good anyway.  Despite the name,
                 * cr4_set_bits_and_update_boot() doesn't actually cause
                 * the bits in question to remain set all the way through
                 * the secondary boot asm.
                 *
                 * Instead, we brute-force it and set CR4.PCIDE manually in
                 * start_secondary().
                 */
                cr4_set_bits(X86_CR4_PCIDE);
        } else {
                /*
                 * flush_tlb_all(), as currently implemented, won't work if
                 * PCID is on but PGE is not.  Since that combination
                 * doesn't exist on real hardware, there's no reason to try
                 * to fully support it, but it's polite to avoid corrupting
                 * data if we're on an improperly configured VM.
                 */
                setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_PCID);
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
#define NR_RANGE_MR 3
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
#define NR_RANGE_MR 5
#endif

static int __meminit save_mr(struct map_range *mr, int nr_range,
                             unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
                             unsigned long page_size_mask)
{
        if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
                if (nr_range >= NR_RANGE_MR)
                        panic("run out of range for init_memory_mapping\n");
                mr[nr_range].start = start_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
                mr[nr_range].end   = end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
                mr[nr_range].page_size_mask = page_size_mask;
                nr_range++;
        }

        return nr_range;
}

/*
 * adjust the page_size_mask for small range to go with
 *      big page size instead small one if nearby are ram too.
 */
static void __ref adjust_range_page_size_mask(struct map_range *mr,
                                                         int nr_range)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++) {
                if ((page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)) &&
                    !(mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M))) {
                        unsigned long start = round_down(mr[i].start, PMD_SIZE);
                        unsigned long end = round_up(mr[i].end, PMD_SIZE);

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
                        if ((end >> PAGE_SHIFT) > max_low_pfn)
                                continue;
#endif

                        if (memblock_is_region_memory(start, end - start))
                                mr[i].page_size_mask |= 1<<PG_LEVEL_2M;
                }
                if ((page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)) &&
                    !(mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G))) {
                        unsigned long start = round_down(mr[i].start, PUD_SIZE);
                        unsigned long end = round_up(mr[i].end, PUD_SIZE);

                        if (memblock_is_region_memory(start, end - start))
                                mr[i].page_size_mask |= 1<<PG_LEVEL_1G;
                }
        }
}

static const char *page_size_string(struct map_range *mr)
{
        static const char str_1g[] = "1G";
        static const char str_2m[] = "2M";
        static const char str_4m[] = "4M";
        static const char str_4k[] = "4k";

        if (mr->page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G))
                return str_1g;
        /*
         * 32-bit without PAE has a 4M large page size.
         * PG_LEVEL_2M is misnamed, but we can at least
         * print out the right size in the string.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) &&
            !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_PAE) &&
            mr->page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M))
                return str_4m;

        if (mr->page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M))
                return str_2m;

        return str_4k;
}

static int __meminit split_mem_range(struct map_range *mr, int nr_range,
                                     unsigned long start,
                                     unsigned long end)
{
        unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn, limit_pfn;
        unsigned long pfn;
        int i;

        limit_pfn = PFN_DOWN(end);

        /* head if not big page alignment ? */
        pfn = start_pfn = PFN_DOWN(start);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        /*
         * Don't use a large page for the first 2/4MB of memory
         * because there are often fixed size MTRRs in there
         * and overlapping MTRRs into large pages can cause
         * slowdowns.
         */
        if (pfn == 0)
                end_pfn = PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE);
        else
                end_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
        end_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
#endif
        if (end_pfn > limit_pfn)
                end_pfn = limit_pfn;
        if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
                nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);
                pfn = end_pfn;
        }

        /* big page (2M) range */
        start_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        end_pfn = round_down(limit_pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
        end_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PUD_SIZE));
        if (end_pfn > round_down(limit_pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE)))
                end_pfn = round_down(limit_pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
#endif

        if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
                nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
                                page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
                pfn = end_pfn;
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        /* big page (1G) range */
        start_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PUD_SIZE));
        end_pfn = round_down(limit_pfn, PFN_DOWN(PUD_SIZE));
        if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
                nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
                                page_size_mask &
                                 ((1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)|(1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)));
                pfn = end_pfn;
        }

        /* tail is not big page (1G) alignment */
        start_pfn = round_up(pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
        end_pfn = round_down(limit_pfn, PFN_DOWN(PMD_SIZE));
        if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
                nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
                                page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
                pfn = end_pfn;
        }
#endif

        /* tail is not big page (2M) alignment */
        start_pfn = pfn;
        end_pfn = limit_pfn;
        nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);

        if (!after_bootmem)
                adjust_range_page_size_mask(mr, nr_range);

        /* try to merge same page size and continuous */
        for (i = 0; nr_range > 1 && i < nr_range - 1; i++) {
                unsigned long old_start;
                if (mr[i].end != mr[i+1].start ||
                    mr[i].page_size_mask != mr[i+1].page_size_mask)
                        continue;
                /* move it */
                old_start = mr[i].start;
                memmove(&mr[i], &mr[i+1],
                        (nr_range - 1 - i) * sizeof(struct map_range));
                mr[i--].start = old_start;
                nr_range--;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
                pr_debug(" [mem %#010lx-%#010lx] page %s\n",
                                mr[i].start, mr[i].end - 1,
                                page_size_string(&mr[i]));

        return nr_range;
}

struct range pfn_mapped[E820_MAX_ENTRIES];
int nr_pfn_mapped;

static void add_pfn_range_mapped(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        nr_pfn_mapped = add_range_with_merge(pfn_mapped, E820_MAX_ENTRIES,
                                             nr_pfn_mapped, start_pfn, end_pfn);
        nr_pfn_mapped = clean_sort_range(pfn_mapped, E820_MAX_ENTRIES);

        max_pfn_mapped = max(max_pfn_mapped, end_pfn);

        if (start_pfn < (1UL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT)))
                max_low_pfn_mapped = max(max_low_pfn_mapped,
                                         min(end_pfn, 1UL<<(32-PAGE_SHIFT)));
}

bool pfn_range_is_mapped(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_pfn_mapped; i++)
                if ((start_pfn >= pfn_mapped[i].start) &&
                    (end_pfn <= pfn_mapped[i].end))
                        return true;

        return false;
}

/*
 * Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
 * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
 * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
 */
unsigned long __ref init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
                                        unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot)
{
        struct map_range mr[NR_RANGE_MR];
        unsigned long ret = 0;
        int nr_range, i;

        pr_debug("init_memory_mapping: [mem %#010lx-%#010lx]\n",
               start, end - 1);

        memset(mr, 0, sizeof(mr));
        nr_range = split_mem_range(mr, 0, start, end);

        for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
                ret = kernel_physical_mapping_init(mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
                                                   mr[i].page_size_mask,
                                                   prot);

        add_pfn_range_mapped(start >> PAGE_SHIFT, ret >> PAGE_SHIFT);

        return ret >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

/*
 * We need to iterate through the E820 memory map and create direct mappings
 * for only E820_TYPE_RAM and E820_KERN_RESERVED regions. We cannot simply
 * create direct mappings for all pfns from [0 to max_low_pfn) and
 * [4GB to max_pfn) because of possible memory holes in high addresses
 * that cannot be marked as UC by fixed/variable range MTRRs.
 * Depending on the alignment of E820 ranges, this may possibly result
 * in using smaller size (i.e. 4K instead of 2M or 1G) page tables.
 *
 * init_mem_mapping() calls init_range_memory_mapping() with big range.
 * That range would have hole in the middle or ends, and only ram parts
 * will be mapped in init_range_memory_mapping().
 */
static unsigned long __init init_range_memory_mapping(
                                           unsigned long r_start,
                                           unsigned long r_end)
{
        unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
        unsigned long mapped_ram_size = 0;
        int i;

        for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, NULL) {
                u64 start = clamp_val(PFN_PHYS(start_pfn), r_start, r_end);
                u64 end = clamp_val(PFN_PHYS(end_pfn), r_start, r_end);
                if (start >= end)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * if it is overlapping with brk pgt, we need to
                 * alloc pgt buf from memblock instead.
                 */
                can_use_brk_pgt = max(start, (u64)pgt_buf_end<<PAGE_SHIFT) >=
                                    min(end, (u64)pgt_buf_top<<PAGE_SHIFT);
                init_memory_mapping(start, end, PAGE_KERNEL);
                mapped_ram_size += end - start;
                can_use_brk_pgt = true;
        }

        return mapped_ram_size;
}

static unsigned long __init get_new_step_size(unsigned long step_size)
{
        /*
         * Initial mapped size is PMD_SIZE (2M).
         * We can not set step_size to be PUD_SIZE (1G) yet.
         * In worse case, when we cross the 1G boundary, and
         * PG_LEVEL_2M is not set, we will need 1+1+512 pages (2M + 8k)
         * to map 1G range with PTE. Hence we use one less than the
         * difference of page table level shifts.
         *
         * Don't need to worry about overflow in the top-down case, on 32bit,
         * when step_size is 0, round_down() returns 0 for start, and that
         * turns it into 0x100000000ULL.
         * In the bottom-up case, round_up(x, 0) returns 0 though too, which
         * needs to be taken into consideration by the code below.
         */
        return step_size << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT - 1);
}

/**
 * memory_map_top_down - Map [map_start, map_end) top down
 * @map_start: start address of the target memory range
 * @map_end: end address of the target memory range
 *
 * This function will setup direct mapping for memory range
 * [map_start, map_end) in top-down. That said, the page tables
 * will be allocated at the end of the memory, and we map the
 * memory in top-down.
 */
static void __init memory_map_top_down(unsigned long map_start,
                                       unsigned long map_end)
{
        unsigned long real_end, last_start;
        unsigned long step_size;
        unsigned long addr;
        unsigned long mapped_ram_size = 0;

        /*
         * Systems that have many reserved areas near top of the memory,
         * e.g. QEMU with less than 1G RAM and EFI enabled, or Xen, will
         * require lots of 4K mappings which may exhaust pgt_buf.
         * Start with top-most PMD_SIZE range aligned at PMD_SIZE to ensure
         * there is enough mapped memory that can be allocated from
         * memblock.
         */
        addr = memblock_phys_alloc_range(PMD_SIZE, PMD_SIZE, map_start,
                                         map_end);
        memblock_phys_free(addr, PMD_SIZE);
        real_end = addr + PMD_SIZE;

        /* step_size need to be small so pgt_buf from BRK could cover it */
        step_size = PMD_SIZE;
        max_pfn_mapped = 0; /* will get exact value next */
        min_pfn_mapped = real_end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        last_start = real_end;

        /*
         * We start from the top (end of memory) and go to the bottom.
         * The memblock_find_in_range() gets us a block of RAM from the
         * end of RAM in [min_pfn_mapped, max_pfn_mapped) used as new pages
         * for page table.
         */
        while (last_start > map_start) {
                unsigned long start;

                if (last_start > step_size) {
                        start = round_down(last_start - 1, step_size);
                        if (start < map_start)
                                start = map_start;
                } else
                        start = map_start;
                mapped_ram_size += init_range_memory_mapping(start,
                                                        last_start);
                last_start = start;
                min_pfn_mapped = last_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (mapped_ram_size >= step_size)
                        step_size = get_new_step_size(step_size);
        }

        if (real_end < map_end)
                init_range_memory_mapping(real_end, map_end);
}

/**
 * memory_map_bottom_up - Map [map_start, map_end) bottom up
 * @map_start: start address of the target memory range
 * @map_end: end address of the target memory range
 *
 * This function will setup direct mapping for memory range
 * [map_start, map_end) in bottom-up. Since we have limited the
 * bottom-up allocation above the kernel, the page tables will
 * be allocated just above the kernel and we map the memory
 * in [map_start, map_end) in bottom-up.
 */
static void __init memory_map_bottom_up(unsigned long map_start,
                                        unsigned long map_end)
{
        unsigned long next, start;
        unsigned long mapped_ram_size = 0;
        /* step_size need to be small so pgt_buf from BRK could cover it */
        unsigned long step_size = PMD_SIZE;

        start = map_start;
        min_pfn_mapped = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;

        /*
         * We start from the bottom (@map_start) and go to the top (@map_end).
         * The memblock_find_in_range() gets us a block of RAM from the
         * end of RAM in [min_pfn_mapped, max_pfn_mapped) used as new pages
         * for page table.
         */
        while (start < map_end) {
                if (step_size && map_end - start > step_size) {
                        next = round_up(start + 1, step_size);
                        if (next > map_end)
                                next = map_end;
                } else {
                        next = map_end;
                }

                mapped_ram_size += init_range_memory_mapping(start, next);
                start = next;

                if (mapped_ram_size >= step_size)
                        step_size = get_new_step_size(step_size);
        }
}

/*
 * The real mode trampoline, which is required for bootstrapping CPUs
 * occupies only a small area under the low 1MB.  See reserve_real_mode()
 * for details.
 *
 * If KASLR is disabled the first PGD entry of the direct mapping is copied
 * to map the real mode trampoline.
 *
 * If KASLR is enabled, copy only the PUD which covers the low 1MB
 * area. This limits the randomization granularity to 1GB for both 4-level
 * and 5-level paging.
 */
static void __init init_trampoline(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        /*
         * The code below will alias kernel page-tables in the user-range of the
         * address space, including the Global bit. So global TLB entries will
         * be created when using the trampoline page-table.
         */
        if (!kaslr_memory_enabled())
                trampoline_pgd_entry = init_top_pgt[pgd_index(__PAGE_OFFSET)];
        else
                init_trampoline_kaslr();
#endif
}

void __init init_mem_mapping(void)
{
        unsigned long end;

        pti_check_boottime_disable();
        probe_page_size_mask();
        setup_pcid();

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        end = max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
#else
        end = max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
#endif

        /* the ISA range is always mapped regardless of memory holes */
        init_memory_mapping(0, ISA_END_ADDRESS, PAGE_KERNEL);

        /* Init the trampoline, possibly with KASLR memory offset */
        init_trampoline();

        /*
         * If the allocation is in bottom-up direction, we setup direct mapping
         * in bottom-up, otherwise we setup direct mapping in top-down.
         */
        if (memblock_bottom_up()) {
                unsigned long kernel_end = __pa_symbol(_end);

                /*
                 * we need two separate calls here. This is because we want to
                 * allocate page tables above the kernel. So we first map
                 * [kernel_end, end) to make memory above the kernel be mapped
                 * as soon as possible. And then use page tables allocated above
                 * the kernel to map [ISA_END_ADDRESS, kernel_end).
                 */
                memory_map_bottom_up(kernel_end, end);
                memory_map_bottom_up(ISA_END_ADDRESS, kernel_end);
        } else {
                memory_map_top_down(ISA_END_ADDRESS, end);
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
        if (max_pfn > max_low_pfn) {
                /* can we preserve max_low_pfn ?*/
                max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
        }
#else
        early_ioremap_page_table_range_init();
#endif

        load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
        __flush_tlb_all();

        x86_init.hyper.init_mem_mapping();

        early_memtest(0, max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
}

/*
 * Initialize an mm_struct to be used during poking and a pointer to be used
 * during patching.
 */
void __init poking_init(void)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        pte_t *ptep;

        poking_mm = mm_alloc();
        BUG_ON(!poking_mm);

        /* Xen PV guests need the PGD to be pinned. */
        paravirt_enter_mmap(poking_mm);

        /*
         * Randomize the poking address, but make sure that the following page
         * will be mapped at the same PMD. We need 2 pages, so find space for 3,
         * and adjust the address if the PMD ends after the first one.
         */
        poking_addr = TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE;
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE))
                poking_addr += (kaslr_get_random_long("Poking") & PAGE_MASK) %
                        (TASK_SIZE - TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE - 3 * PAGE_SIZE);

        if (((poking_addr + PAGE_SIZE) & ~PMD_MASK) == 0)
                poking_addr += PAGE_SIZE;

        /*
         * We need to trigger the allocation of the page-tables that will be
         * needed for poking now. Later, poking may be performed in an atomic
         * section, which might cause allocation to fail.
         */
        ptep = get_locked_pte(poking_mm, poking_addr, &ptl);
        BUG_ON(!ptep);
        pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
}

/*
 * devmem_is_allowed() checks to see if /dev/mem access to a certain address
 * is valid. The argument is a physical page number.
 *
 * On x86, access has to be given to the first megabyte of RAM because that
 * area traditionally contains BIOS code and data regions used by X, dosemu,
 * and similar apps. Since they map the entire memory range, the whole range
 * must be allowed (for mapping), but any areas that would otherwise be
 * disallowed are flagged as being "zero filled" instead of rejected.
 * Access has to be given to non-kernel-ram areas as well, these contain the
 * PCI mmio resources as well as potential bios/acpi data regions.
 */
int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr)
{
        if (region_intersects(PFN_PHYS(pagenr), PAGE_SIZE,
                                IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM, IORES_DESC_NONE)
                        != REGION_DISJOINT) {
                /*
                 * For disallowed memory regions in the low 1MB range,
                 * request that the page be shown as all zeros.
                 */
                if (pagenr < 256)
                        return 2;

                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * This must follow RAM test, since System RAM is considered a
         * restricted resource under CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM.
         */
        if (iomem_is_exclusive(pagenr << PAGE_SHIFT)) {
                /* Low 1MB bypasses iomem restrictions. */
                if (pagenr < 256)
                        return 1;

                return 0;
        }

        return 1;
}

void free_init_pages(const char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
{
        unsigned long begin_aligned, end_aligned;

        /* Make sure boundaries are page aligned */
        begin_aligned = PAGE_ALIGN(begin);
        end_aligned   = end & PAGE_MASK;

        if (WARN_ON(begin_aligned != begin || end_aligned != end)) {
                begin = begin_aligned;
                end   = end_aligned;
        }

        if (begin >= end)
                return;

        /*
         * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
         * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
         * create a kernel page fault:
         */
        if (debug_pagealloc_enabled()) {
                pr_info("debug: unmapping init [mem %#010lx-%#010lx]\n",
                        begin, end - 1);
                /*
                 * Inform kmemleak about the hole in the memory since the
                 * corresponding pages will be unmapped.
                 */
                kmemleak_free_part((void *)begin, end - begin);
                set_memory_np(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
        } else {
                /*
                 * We just marked the kernel text read only above, now that
                 * we are going to free part of that, we need to make that
                 * writeable and non-executable first.
                 */
                set_memory_nx(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
                set_memory_rw(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);

                free_reserved_area((void *)begin, (void *)end,
                                   POISON_FREE_INITMEM, what);
        }
}

/*
 * begin/end can be in the direct map or the "high kernel mapping"
 * used for the kernel image only.  free_init_pages() will do the
 * right thing for either kind of address.
 */
void free_kernel_image_pages(const char *what, void *begin, void *end)
{
        unsigned long begin_ul = (unsigned long)begin;
        unsigned long end_ul = (unsigned long)end;
        unsigned long len_pages = (end_ul - begin_ul) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

        free_init_pages(what, begin_ul, end_ul);

        /*
         * PTI maps some of the kernel into userspace.  For performance,
         * this includes some kernel areas that do not contain secrets.
         * Those areas might be adjacent to the parts of the kernel image
         * being freed, which may contain secrets.  Remove the "high kernel
         * image mapping" for these freed areas, ensuring they are not even
         * potentially vulnerable to Meltdown regardless of the specific
         * optimizations PTI is currently using.
         *
         * The "noalias" prevents unmapping the direct map alias which is
         * needed to access the freed pages.
         *
         * This is only valid for 64bit kernels. 32bit has only one mapping
         * which can't be treated in this way for obvious reasons.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) && cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_PTI))
                set_memory_np_noalias(begin_ul, len_pages);
}

void __ref free_initmem(void)
{
        e820__reallocate_tables();

        mem_encrypt_free_decrypted_mem();

        free_kernel_image_pages("unused kernel image (initmem)",
                                &__init_begin, &__init_end);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
void __init free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
        /*
         * end could be not aligned, and We can not align that,
         * decompressor could be confused by aligned initrd_end
         * We already reserve the end partial page before in
         *   - i386_start_kernel()
         *   - x86_64_start_kernel()
         *   - relocate_initrd()
         * So here We can do PAGE_ALIGN() safely to get partial page to be freed
         */
        free_init_pages("initrd", start, PAGE_ALIGN(end));
}
#endif

void __init zone_sizes_init(void)
{
        unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES];

        memset(max_zone_pfns, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns));

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA]         = min(MAX_DMA_PFN, max_low_pfn);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_DMA32]       = min(MAX_DMA32_PFN, max_low_pfn);
#endif
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_NORMAL]      = max_low_pfn;
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
        max_zone_pfns[ZONE_HIGHMEM]     = max_pfn;
#endif

        free_area_init(max_zone_pfns);
}

__visible DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct tlb_state, cpu_tlbstate) = {
        .loaded_mm = &init_mm,
        .next_asid = 1,
        .cr4 = ~0UL,    /* fail hard if we screw up cr4 shadow initialization */
};

#ifdef CONFIG_ADDRESS_MASKING
DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, tlbstate_untag_mask);
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(tlbstate_untag_mask);
#endif

void update_cache_mode_entry(unsigned entry, enum page_cache_mode cache)
{
        /* entry 0 MUST be WB (hardwired to speed up translations) */
        BUG_ON(!entry && cache != _PAGE_CACHE_MODE_WB);

        __cachemode2pte_tbl[cache] = __cm_idx2pte(entry);
        __pte2cachemode_tbl[entry] = cache;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
unsigned long arch_max_swapfile_size(void)
{
        unsigned long pages;

        pages = generic_max_swapfile_size();

        if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_L1TF) && l1tf_mitigation != L1TF_MITIGATION_OFF) {
                /* Limit the swap file size to MAX_PA/2 for L1TF workaround */
                unsigned long long l1tf_limit = l1tf_pfn_limit();
                /*
                 * We encode swap offsets also with 3 bits below those for pfn
                 * which makes the usable limit higher.
                 */
#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 2
                l1tf_limit <<= PAGE_SHIFT - SWP_OFFSET_FIRST_BIT;
#endif
                pages = min_t(unsigned long long, l1tf_limit, pages);
        }
        return pages;
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_EXECMEM
static struct execmem_info execmem_info __ro_after_init;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX
void execmem_fill_trapping_insns(void *ptr, size_t size, bool writeable)
{
        /* fill memory with INT3 instructions */
        if (writeable)
                memset(ptr, INT3_INSN_OPCODE, size);
        else
                text_poke_set(ptr, INT3_INSN_OPCODE, size);
}
#endif

struct execmem_info __init *execmem_arch_setup(void)
{
        unsigned long start, offset = 0;
        enum execmem_range_flags flags;
        pgprot_t pgprot;

        if (kaslr_enabled())
                offset = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 1024) * PAGE_SIZE;

        start = MODULES_VADDR + offset;

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_EXECMEM_ROX) &&
            cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_PSE)) {
                pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL_ROX;
                flags = EXECMEM_KASAN_SHADOW | EXECMEM_ROX_CACHE;
        } else {
                pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL;
                flags = EXECMEM_KASAN_SHADOW;
        }

        execmem_info = (struct execmem_info){
                .ranges = {
                        [EXECMEM_MODULE_TEXT] = {
                                .flags  = flags,
                                .start  = start,
                                .end    = MODULES_END,
                                .pgprot = pgprot,
                                .alignment = MODULE_ALIGN,
                        },
                        [EXECMEM_KPROBES ... EXECMEM_BPF] = {
                                .flags  = EXECMEM_KASAN_SHADOW,
                                .start  = start,
                                .end    = MODULES_END,
                                .pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL,
                                .alignment = MODULE_ALIGN,
                        },
                        [EXECMEM_MODULE_DATA] = {
                                .flags  = EXECMEM_KASAN_SHADOW,
                                .start  = start,
                                .end    = MODULES_END,
                                .pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL,
                                .alignment = MODULE_ALIGN,
                        },
                },
        };

        return &execmem_info;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_EXECMEM */