1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Intel CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
8 * Intel CPU microcode early update for Linux
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "microcode: " fmt
14 #include <linux/earlycpio.h>
15 #include <linux/firmware.h>
16 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/kernel.h>
19 #include <linux/slab.h>
20 #include <linux/cpu.h>
21 #include <linux/uio.h>
24 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
25 #include <asm/processor.h>
26 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 static const char ucode_path[] = "kernel/x86/microcode/GenuineIntel.bin";
34 #define UCODE_BSP_LOADED ((struct microcode_intel *)0x1UL)
36 /* Current microcode patch used in early patching on the APs. */
37 static struct microcode_intel *ucode_patch_va __read_mostly;
38 static struct microcode_intel *ucode_patch_late __read_mostly;
40 /* last level cache size per core */
41 static unsigned int llc_size_per_core __ro_after_init;
43 /* microcode format is extended from prescott processors */
44 struct extended_signature {
50 struct extended_sigtable {
53 unsigned int reserved[3];
54 struct extended_signature sigs[];
57 #define DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE (DEFAULT_UCODE_DATASIZE + MC_HEADER_SIZE)
58 #define EXT_HEADER_SIZE (sizeof(struct extended_sigtable))
59 #define EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE (sizeof(struct extended_signature))
61 static inline unsigned int get_totalsize(struct microcode_header_intel *hdr)
63 return hdr->datasize ? hdr->totalsize : DEFAULT_UCODE_TOTALSIZE;
66 static inline unsigned int exttable_size(struct extended_sigtable *et)
68 return et->count * EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE + EXT_HEADER_SIZE;
71 void intel_collect_cpu_info(struct cpu_signature *sig)
73 sig->sig = cpuid_eax(1);
75 sig->rev = intel_get_microcode_revision();
77 if (x86_model(sig->sig) >= 5 || x86_family(sig->sig) > 6) {
80 /* get processor flags from MSR 0x17 */
81 native_rdmsr(MSR_IA32_PLATFORM_ID, val[0], val[1]);
82 sig->pf = 1 << ((val[1] >> 18) & 7);
85 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(intel_collect_cpu_info);
87 static inline bool cpu_signatures_match(struct cpu_signature *s1, unsigned int sig2,
93 /* Processor flags are either both 0 or they intersect. */
94 return ((!s1->pf && !pf2) || (s1->pf & pf2));
97 bool intel_find_matching_signature(void *mc, struct cpu_signature *sig)
99 struct microcode_header_intel *mc_hdr = mc;
100 struct extended_signature *ext_sig;
101 struct extended_sigtable *ext_hdr;
104 if (cpu_signatures_match(sig, mc_hdr->sig, mc_hdr->pf))
107 /* Look for ext. headers: */
108 if (get_totalsize(mc_hdr) <= intel_microcode_get_datasize(mc_hdr) + MC_HEADER_SIZE)
111 ext_hdr = mc + intel_microcode_get_datasize(mc_hdr) + MC_HEADER_SIZE;
112 ext_sig = (void *)ext_hdr + EXT_HEADER_SIZE;
114 for (i = 0; i < ext_hdr->count; i++) {
115 if (cpu_signatures_match(sig, ext_sig->sig, ext_sig->pf))
121 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(intel_find_matching_signature);
124 * intel_microcode_sanity_check() - Sanity check microcode file.
125 * @mc: Pointer to the microcode file contents.
126 * @print_err: Display failure reason if true, silent if false.
127 * @hdr_type: Type of file, i.e. normal microcode file or In Field Scan file.
128 * Validate if the microcode header type matches with the type
131 * Validate certain header fields and verify if computed checksum matches
132 * with the one specified in the header.
134 * Return: 0 if the file passes all the checks, -EINVAL if any of the checks
137 int intel_microcode_sanity_check(void *mc, bool print_err, int hdr_type)
139 unsigned long total_size, data_size, ext_table_size;
140 struct microcode_header_intel *mc_header = mc;
141 struct extended_sigtable *ext_header = NULL;
142 u32 sum, orig_sum, ext_sigcount = 0, i;
143 struct extended_signature *ext_sig;
145 total_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
146 data_size = intel_microcode_get_datasize(mc_header);
148 if (data_size + MC_HEADER_SIZE > total_size) {
150 pr_err("Error: bad microcode data file size.\n");
154 if (mc_header->ldrver != 1 || mc_header->hdrver != hdr_type) {
156 pr_err("Error: invalid/unknown microcode update format. Header type %d\n",
161 ext_table_size = total_size - (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size);
162 if (ext_table_size) {
163 u32 ext_table_sum = 0;
166 if (ext_table_size < EXT_HEADER_SIZE ||
167 ((ext_table_size - EXT_HEADER_SIZE) % EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE)) {
169 pr_err("Error: truncated extended signature table.\n");
173 ext_header = mc + MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size;
174 if (ext_table_size != exttable_size(ext_header)) {
176 pr_err("Error: extended signature table size mismatch.\n");
180 ext_sigcount = ext_header->count;
183 * Check extended table checksum: the sum of all dwords that
184 * comprise a valid table must be 0.
186 ext_tablep = (u32 *)ext_header;
188 i = ext_table_size / sizeof(u32);
190 ext_table_sum += ext_tablep[i];
194 pr_warn("Bad extended signature table checksum, aborting.\n");
200 * Calculate the checksum of update data and header. The checksum of
201 * valid update data and header including the extended signature table
205 i = (MC_HEADER_SIZE + data_size) / sizeof(u32);
207 orig_sum += ((u32 *)mc)[i];
211 pr_err("Bad microcode data checksum, aborting.\n");
219 * Check extended signature checksum: 0 => valid.
221 for (i = 0; i < ext_sigcount; i++) {
222 ext_sig = (void *)ext_header + EXT_HEADER_SIZE +
223 EXT_SIGNATURE_SIZE * i;
225 sum = (mc_header->sig + mc_header->pf + mc_header->cksum) -
226 (ext_sig->sig + ext_sig->pf + ext_sig->cksum);
229 pr_err("Bad extended signature checksum, aborting.\n");
235 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(intel_microcode_sanity_check);
237 static void update_ucode_pointer(struct microcode_intel *mc)
239 kvfree(ucode_patch_va);
242 * Save the virtual address for early loading and for eventual free
248 static void save_microcode_patch(struct microcode_intel *patch)
250 unsigned int size = get_totalsize(&patch->hdr);
251 struct microcode_intel *mc;
253 mc = kvmemdup(patch, size, GFP_KERNEL);
255 update_ucode_pointer(mc);
257 pr_err("Unable to allocate microcode memory size: %u\n", size);
260 /* Scan blob for microcode matching the boot CPUs family, model, stepping */
261 static __init struct microcode_intel *scan_microcode(void *data, size_t size,
262 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci,
265 struct microcode_header_intel *mc_header;
266 struct microcode_intel *patch = NULL;
267 u32 cur_rev = uci->cpu_sig.rev;
268 unsigned int mc_size;
270 for (; size >= sizeof(struct microcode_header_intel); size -= mc_size, data += mc_size) {
271 mc_header = (struct microcode_header_intel *)data;
273 mc_size = get_totalsize(mc_header);
274 if (!mc_size || mc_size > size ||
275 intel_microcode_sanity_check(data, false, MC_HEADER_TYPE_MICROCODE) < 0)
278 if (!intel_find_matching_signature(data, &uci->cpu_sig))
282 * For saving the early microcode, find the matching revision which
283 * was loaded on the BSP.
285 * On the BSP during early boot, find a newer revision than
286 * actually loaded in the CPU.
289 if (cur_rev != mc_header->rev)
291 } else if (cur_rev >= mc_header->rev) {
296 cur_rev = mc_header->rev;
299 return size ? NULL : patch;
302 static enum ucode_state __apply_microcode(struct ucode_cpu_info *uci,
303 struct microcode_intel *mc,
312 * Save us the MSR write below - which is a particular expensive
313 * operation - when the other hyperthread has updated the microcode
316 *cur_rev = intel_get_microcode_revision();
317 if (*cur_rev >= mc->hdr.rev) {
318 uci->cpu_sig.rev = *cur_rev;
322 /* write microcode via MSR 0x79 */
323 native_wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_UCODE_WRITE, (unsigned long)mc->bits);
325 rev = intel_get_microcode_revision();
326 if (rev != mc->hdr.rev)
329 uci->cpu_sig.rev = rev;
330 return UCODE_UPDATED;
333 static enum ucode_state apply_microcode_early(struct ucode_cpu_info *uci)
335 struct microcode_intel *mc = uci->mc;
338 return __apply_microcode(uci, mc, &cur_rev);
341 static __init bool load_builtin_intel_microcode(struct cpio_data *cp)
343 unsigned int eax = 1, ebx, ecx = 0, edx;
347 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32))
350 native_cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
352 sprintf(name, "intel-ucode/%02x-%02x-%02x",
353 x86_family(eax), x86_model(eax), x86_stepping(eax));
355 if (firmware_request_builtin(&fw, name)) {
357 cp->data = (void *)fw.data;
363 static __init struct microcode_intel *get_microcode_blob(struct ucode_cpu_info *uci, bool save)
367 intel_collect_cpu_info(&uci->cpu_sig);
369 if (!load_builtin_intel_microcode(&cp))
370 cp = find_microcode_in_initrd(ucode_path);
372 if (!(cp.data && cp.size))
375 return scan_microcode(cp.data, cp.size, uci, save);
379 * Invoked from an early init call to save the microcode blob which was
380 * selected during early boot when mm was not usable. The microcode must be
381 * saved because initrd is going away. It's an early init call so the APs
382 * just can use the pointer and do not have to scan initrd/builtin firmware
385 static int __init save_builtin_microcode(void)
387 struct ucode_cpu_info uci;
389 if (xchg(&ucode_patch_va, NULL) != UCODE_BSP_LOADED)
392 if (dis_ucode_ldr || boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
395 uci.mc = get_microcode_blob(&uci, true);
397 save_microcode_patch(uci.mc);
400 early_initcall(save_builtin_microcode);
402 /* Load microcode on BSP from initrd or builtin blobs */
403 void __init load_ucode_intel_bsp(struct early_load_data *ed)
405 struct ucode_cpu_info uci;
407 uci.mc = get_microcode_blob(&uci, false);
408 ed->old_rev = uci.cpu_sig.rev;
410 if (uci.mc && apply_microcode_early(&uci) == UCODE_UPDATED) {
411 ucode_patch_va = UCODE_BSP_LOADED;
412 ed->new_rev = uci.cpu_sig.rev;
416 void load_ucode_intel_ap(void)
418 struct ucode_cpu_info uci;
420 uci.mc = ucode_patch_va;
422 apply_microcode_early(&uci);
425 /* Reload microcode on resume */
426 void reload_ucode_intel(void)
428 struct ucode_cpu_info uci = { .mc = ucode_patch_va, };
431 apply_microcode_early(&uci);
434 static int collect_cpu_info(int cpu_num, struct cpu_signature *csig)
436 intel_collect_cpu_info(csig);
440 static enum ucode_state apply_microcode_late(int cpu)
442 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
443 struct microcode_intel *mc = ucode_patch_late;
444 enum ucode_state ret;
447 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(smp_processor_id() != cpu))
450 ret = __apply_microcode(uci, mc, &cur_rev);
451 if (ret != UCODE_UPDATED && ret != UCODE_OK)
454 cpu_data(cpu).microcode = uci->cpu_sig.rev;
456 boot_cpu_data.microcode = uci->cpu_sig.rev;
461 static bool ucode_validate_minrev(struct microcode_header_intel *mc_header)
463 int cur_rev = boot_cpu_data.microcode;
466 * When late-loading, ensure the header declares a minimum revision
467 * required to perform a late-load. The previously reserved field
468 * is 0 in older microcode blobs.
470 if (!mc_header->min_req_ver) {
471 pr_info("Unsafe microcode update: Microcode header does not specify a required min version\n");
476 * Check whether the current revision is either greater or equal to
477 * to the minimum revision specified in the header.
479 if (cur_rev < mc_header->min_req_ver) {
480 pr_info("Unsafe microcode update: Current revision 0x%x too old\n", cur_rev);
481 pr_info("Current should be at 0x%x or higher. Use early loading instead\n", mc_header->min_req_ver);
487 static enum ucode_state parse_microcode_blobs(int cpu, struct iov_iter *iter)
489 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
490 bool is_safe, new_is_safe = false;
491 int cur_rev = uci->cpu_sig.rev;
492 unsigned int curr_mc_size = 0;
493 u8 *new_mc = NULL, *mc = NULL;
495 while (iov_iter_count(iter)) {
496 struct microcode_header_intel mc_header;
497 unsigned int mc_size, data_size;
500 if (!copy_from_iter_full(&mc_header, sizeof(mc_header), iter)) {
501 pr_err("error! Truncated or inaccessible header in microcode data file\n");
505 mc_size = get_totalsize(&mc_header);
506 if (mc_size < sizeof(mc_header)) {
507 pr_err("error! Bad data in microcode data file (totalsize too small)\n");
510 data_size = mc_size - sizeof(mc_header);
511 if (data_size > iov_iter_count(iter)) {
512 pr_err("error! Bad data in microcode data file (truncated file?)\n");
516 /* For performance reasons, reuse mc area when possible */
517 if (!mc || mc_size > curr_mc_size) {
519 mc = kvmalloc(mc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
522 curr_mc_size = mc_size;
525 memcpy(mc, &mc_header, sizeof(mc_header));
526 data = mc + sizeof(mc_header);
527 if (!copy_from_iter_full(data, data_size, iter) ||
528 intel_microcode_sanity_check(mc, true, MC_HEADER_TYPE_MICROCODE) < 0)
531 if (cur_rev >= mc_header.rev)
534 if (!intel_find_matching_signature(mc, &uci->cpu_sig))
537 is_safe = ucode_validate_minrev(&mc_header);
538 if (force_minrev && !is_safe)
542 cur_rev = mc_header.rev;
544 new_is_safe = is_safe;
548 if (iov_iter_count(iter))
555 ucode_patch_late = (struct microcode_intel *)new_mc;
556 return new_is_safe ? UCODE_NEW_SAFE : UCODE_NEW;
564 static bool is_blacklisted(unsigned int cpu)
566 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
569 * Late loading on model 79 with microcode revision less than 0x0b000021
570 * and LLC size per core bigger than 2.5MB may result in a system hang.
571 * This behavior is documented in item BDX90, #334165 (Intel Xeon
572 * Processor E7-8800/4800 v4 Product Family).
574 if (c->x86_vfm == INTEL_BROADWELL_X &&
575 c->x86_stepping == 0x01 &&
576 llc_size_per_core > 2621440 &&
577 c->microcode < 0x0b000021) {
578 pr_err_once("Erratum BDX90: late loading with revision < 0x0b000021 (0x%x) disabled.\n", c->microcode);
579 pr_err_once("Please consider either early loading through initrd/built-in or a potential BIOS update.\n");
586 static enum ucode_state request_microcode_fw(int cpu, struct device *device)
588 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(cpu);
589 const struct firmware *firmware;
590 struct iov_iter iter;
591 enum ucode_state ret;
595 if (is_blacklisted(cpu))
598 sprintf(name, "intel-ucode/%02x-%02x-%02x",
599 c->x86, c->x86_model, c->x86_stepping);
601 if (request_firmware_direct(&firmware, name, device)) {
602 pr_debug("data file %s load failed\n", name);
606 kvec.iov_base = (void *)firmware->data;
607 kvec.iov_len = firmware->size;
608 iov_iter_kvec(&iter, ITER_SOURCE, &kvec, 1, firmware->size);
609 ret = parse_microcode_blobs(cpu, &iter);
611 release_firmware(firmware);
616 static void finalize_late_load(int result)
619 update_ucode_pointer(ucode_patch_late);
621 kvfree(ucode_patch_late);
622 ucode_patch_late = NULL;
625 static struct microcode_ops microcode_intel_ops = {
626 .request_microcode_fw = request_microcode_fw,
627 .collect_cpu_info = collect_cpu_info,
628 .apply_microcode = apply_microcode_late,
629 .finalize_late_load = finalize_late_load,
630 .use_nmi = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64),
633 static __init void calc_llc_size_per_core(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
635 u64 llc_size = c->x86_cache_size * 1024ULL;
637 do_div(llc_size, topology_num_cores_per_package());
638 llc_size_per_core = (unsigned int)llc_size;
641 struct microcode_ops * __init init_intel_microcode(void)
643 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
645 if (c->x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL || c->x86 < 6 ||
646 cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_IA64)) {
647 pr_err("Intel CPU family 0x%x not supported\n", c->x86);
651 calc_llc_size_per_core(c);
653 return µcode_intel_ops;