1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * This is a collection of several routines used to extract the kernel
6 * which includes KASLR relocation, decompression, ELF parsing, and
7 * relocation processing. Additionally included are the screen and serial
8 * output functions and related debugging support functions.
10 * malloc by Hannu Savolainen 1993 and Matthias Urlichs 1994
11 * puts by Nick Holloway 1993, better puts by Martin Mares 1995
12 * High loaded stuff by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, Feb. 1996
18 #include "../string.h"
19 #include "../voffset.h"
20 #include <asm/bootparam_utils.h>
24 * This code is compiled with -fPIC and it is relocated dynamically at
25 * run time, but no relocation processing is performed. This means that
26 * it is not safe to place pointers in static structures.
29 /* Macros used by the included decompressor code below. */
31 /* Define an externally visible malloc()/free(). */
32 #define MALLOC_VISIBLE
33 #include <linux/decompress/mm.h>
36 * Provide definitions of memzero and memmove as some of the decompressors will
37 * try to define their own functions if these are not defined as macros.
39 #define memzero(s, n) memset((s), 0, (n))
41 #define memmove memmove
42 /* Functions used by the included decompressor code below. */
43 void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
47 * This is set up by the setup-routine at boot-time
49 struct boot_params *boot_params_ptr;
51 struct port_io_ops pio_ops;
54 memptr free_mem_end_ptr;
55 int spurious_nmi_count;
60 /* These might be accessed before .bss is cleared, so use .data instead. */
61 static int lines __section(".data");
62 static int cols __section(".data");
64 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_GZIP
65 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_inflate.c"
68 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_BZIP2
69 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_bunzip2.c"
72 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZMA
73 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlzma.c"
76 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_XZ
77 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unxz.c"
80 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZO
81 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlzo.c"
84 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_LZ4
85 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unlz4.c"
88 #ifdef CONFIG_KERNEL_ZSTD
89 #include "../../../../lib/decompress_unzstd.c"
92 * NOTE: When adding a new decompressor, please update the analysis in
96 static void scroll(void)
100 memmove(vidmem, vidmem + cols * 2, (lines - 1) * cols * 2);
101 for (i = (lines - 1) * cols * 2; i < lines * cols * 2; i += 2)
107 #define TXR 0 /* Transmit register (WRITE) */
108 #define LSR 5 /* Line Status */
109 static void serial_putchar(int ch)
111 unsigned timeout = 0xffff;
113 while ((inb(early_serial_base + LSR) & XMTRDY) == 0 && --timeout)
116 outb(ch, early_serial_base + TXR);
119 void __putstr(const char *s)
124 if (early_serial_base) {
128 serial_putchar('\r');
129 serial_putchar(*str++);
133 if (lines == 0 || cols == 0)
136 x = boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_x;
137 y = boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_y;
139 while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
147 vidmem[(x + cols * y) * 2] = c;
158 boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_x = x;
159 boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_y = y;
161 pos = (x + cols * y) * 2; /* Update cursor position */
163 outb(0xff & (pos >> 9), vidport+1);
165 outb(0xff & (pos >> 1), vidport+1);
168 static noinline void __putnum(unsigned long value, unsigned int base,
171 char buf[8*sizeof(value)+1];
174 p = buf + sizeof(buf);
177 while (mindig-- > 0 || value) {
178 unsigned char digit = value % base;
179 digit += (digit >= 10) ? ('a'-10) : '0';
188 void __puthex(unsigned long value)
190 __putnum(value, 16, sizeof(value)*2);
193 void __putdec(unsigned long value)
195 __putnum(value, 10, 1);
198 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_NEED_RELOCS
199 static void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len,
200 unsigned long virt_addr)
203 unsigned long delta, map, ptr;
204 unsigned long min_addr = (unsigned long)output;
205 unsigned long max_addr = min_addr + (VO___bss_start - VO__text);
208 * Calculate the delta between where vmlinux was linked to load
209 * and where it was actually loaded.
211 delta = min_addr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
214 * The kernel contains a table of relocation addresses. Those
215 * addresses have the final load address of the kernel in virtual
216 * memory. We are currently working in the self map. So we need to
217 * create an adjustment for kernel memory addresses to the self map.
218 * This will involve subtracting out the base address of the kernel.
220 map = delta - __START_KERNEL_map;
223 * 32-bit always performs relocations. 64-bit relocations are only
224 * needed if KASLR has chosen a different starting address offset
225 * from __START_KERNEL_map.
227 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
228 delta = virt_addr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
231 debug_putstr("No relocation needed... ");
234 debug_putstr("Performing relocations... ");
237 * Process relocations: 32 bit relocations first then 64 bit after.
238 * Three sets of binary relocations are added to the end of the kernel
239 * before compression. Each relocation table entry is the kernel
240 * address of the location which needs to be updated stored as a
241 * 32-bit value which is sign extended to 64 bits.
246 * 0 - zero terminator for 64 bit relocations
247 * 64 bit relocation repeated
248 * 0 - zero terminator for inverse 32 bit relocations
249 * 32 bit inverse relocation repeated
250 * 0 - zero terminator for 32 bit relocations
251 * 32 bit relocation repeated
253 * So we work backwards from the end of the decompressed image.
255 for (reloc = output + output_len - sizeof(*reloc); *reloc; reloc--) {
256 long extended = *reloc;
259 ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
260 if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
261 error("32-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");
263 *(uint32_t *)ptr += delta;
267 long extended = *reloc;
270 ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
271 if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
272 error("inverse 32-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");
274 *(int32_t *)ptr -= delta;
276 for (reloc--; *reloc; reloc--) {
277 long extended = *reloc;
280 ptr = (unsigned long)extended;
281 if (ptr < min_addr || ptr > max_addr)
282 error("64-bit relocation outside of kernel!\n");
284 *(uint64_t *)ptr += delta;
289 static inline void handle_relocations(void *output, unsigned long output_len,
290 unsigned long virt_addr)
294 static size_t parse_elf(void *output)
298 Elf64_Phdr *phdrs, *phdr;
301 Elf32_Phdr *phdrs, *phdr;
306 memcpy(&ehdr, output, sizeof(ehdr));
307 if (ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] != ELFMAG0 ||
308 ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] != ELFMAG1 ||
309 ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] != ELFMAG2 ||
310 ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] != ELFMAG3)
311 error("Kernel is not a valid ELF file");
313 debug_putstr("Parsing ELF... ");
315 phdrs = malloc(sizeof(*phdrs) * ehdr.e_phnum);
317 error("Failed to allocate space for phdrs");
319 memcpy(phdrs, output + ehdr.e_phoff, sizeof(*phdrs) * ehdr.e_phnum);
321 for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) {
324 switch (phdr->p_type) {
327 if ((phdr->p_align % 0x200000) != 0)
328 error("Alignment of LOAD segment isn't multiple of 2MB");
330 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
332 dest += (phdr->p_paddr - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR);
334 dest = (void *)(phdr->p_paddr);
336 memmove(dest, output + phdr->p_offset, phdr->p_filesz);
338 default: /* Ignore other PT_* */ break;
344 return ehdr.e_entry - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
347 const unsigned long kernel_text_size = VO___start_rodata - VO__text;
348 const unsigned long kernel_total_size = VO__end - VO__text;
350 static u8 boot_heap[BOOT_HEAP_SIZE] __aligned(4);
352 extern unsigned char input_data[];
353 extern unsigned int input_len, output_len;
355 unsigned long decompress_kernel(unsigned char *outbuf, unsigned long virt_addr,
356 void (*error)(char *x))
361 free_mem_ptr = (unsigned long)boot_heap;
362 free_mem_end_ptr = (unsigned long)boot_heap + sizeof(boot_heap);
365 if (__decompress(input_data, input_len, NULL, NULL, outbuf, output_len,
369 entry = parse_elf(outbuf);
370 handle_relocations(outbuf, output_len, virt_addr);
376 * Set the memory encryption xloadflag based on the mem_encrypt= command line
377 * parameter, if provided.
379 static void parse_mem_encrypt(struct setup_header *hdr)
381 int on = cmdline_find_option_bool("mem_encrypt=on");
382 int off = cmdline_find_option_bool("mem_encrypt=off");
385 hdr->xloadflags |= XLF_MEM_ENCRYPTION;
388 static void early_sev_detect(void)
391 * Accessing video memory causes guest termination because
392 * the boot stage2 #VC handler of SEV-ES/SNP guests does not
393 * support MMIO handling and kexec -c adds screen_info to the
394 * boot parameters passed to the kexec kernel, which causes
395 * console output to be dumped to both video and serial.
397 if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_ENABLED)
402 * The compressed kernel image (ZO), has been moved so that its position
403 * is against the end of the buffer used to hold the uncompressed kernel
404 * image (VO) and the execution environment (.bss, .brk), which makes sure
405 * there is room to do the in-place decompression. (See header.S for the
408 * |-----compressed kernel image------|
410 * 0 extract_offset +INIT_SIZE
411 * |-----------|---------------|-------------------------|--------|
413 * VO__text startup_32 of ZO VO__end ZO__end
415 * |-------uncompressed kernel image---------|
418 asmlinkage __visible void *extract_kernel(void *rmode, unsigned char *output)
420 unsigned long virt_addr = LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
421 memptr heap = (memptr)boot_heap;
422 unsigned long needed_size;
425 /* Retain x86 boot parameters pointer passed from startup_32/64. */
426 boot_params_ptr = rmode;
428 /* Clear flags intended for solely in-kernel use. */
429 boot_params_ptr->hdr.loadflags &= ~KASLR_FLAG;
431 parse_mem_encrypt(&boot_params_ptr->hdr);
433 sanitize_boot_params(boot_params_ptr);
435 if (boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_video_mode == 7) {
436 vidmem = (char *) 0xb0000;
439 vidmem = (char *) 0xb8000;
443 lines = boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_video_lines;
444 cols = boot_params_ptr->screen_info.orig_video_cols;
446 init_default_io_ops();
449 * Detect TDX guest environment.
451 * It has to be done before console_init() in order to use
452 * paravirtualized port I/O operations if needed.
461 * Save RSDP address for later use. Have this after console_init()
462 * so that early debugging output from the RSDP parsing code can be
465 boot_params_ptr->acpi_rsdp_addr = get_rsdp_addr();
467 debug_putstr("early console in extract_kernel\n");
469 free_mem_ptr = heap; /* Heap */
470 free_mem_end_ptr = heap + BOOT_HEAP_SIZE;
473 * The memory hole needed for the kernel is the larger of either
474 * the entire decompressed kernel plus relocation table, or the
475 * entire decompressed kernel plus .bss and .brk sections.
477 * On X86_64, the memory is mapped with PMD pages. Round the
478 * size up so that the full extent of PMD pages mapped is
479 * included in the check against the valid memory table
480 * entries. This ensures the full mapped area is usable RAM
481 * and doesn't include any reserved areas.
483 needed_size = max_t(unsigned long, output_len, kernel_total_size);
485 needed_size = ALIGN(needed_size, MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN);
488 /* Report initial kernel position details. */
489 debug_putaddr(input_data);
490 debug_putaddr(input_len);
491 debug_putaddr(output);
492 debug_putaddr(output_len);
493 debug_putaddr(kernel_total_size);
494 debug_putaddr(needed_size);
497 /* Report address of 32-bit trampoline */
498 debug_putaddr(trampoline_32bit);
501 choose_random_location((unsigned long)input_data, input_len,
502 (unsigned long *)&output,
506 /* Validate memory location choices. */
507 if ((unsigned long)output & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1))
508 error("Destination physical address inappropriately aligned");
509 if (virt_addr & (MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN - 1))
510 error("Destination virtual address inappropriately aligned");
512 if (heap > 0x3fffffffffffUL)
513 error("Destination address too large");
514 if (virt_addr + needed_size > KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE)
515 error("Destination virtual address is beyond the kernel mapping area");
517 if (heap > ((-__PAGE_OFFSET-(128<<20)-1) & 0x7fffffff))
518 error("Destination address too large");
520 #ifndef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
521 if (virt_addr != LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR)
522 error("Destination virtual address changed when not relocatable");
525 debug_putstr("\nDecompressing Linux... ");
527 if (init_unaccepted_memory()) {
528 debug_putstr("Accepting memory... ");
529 accept_memory(__pa(output), needed_size);
532 entry_offset = decompress_kernel(output, virt_addr, error);
534 debug_putstr("done.\nBooting the kernel (entry_offset: 0x");
535 debug_puthex(entry_offset);
536 debug_putstr(").\n");
538 /* Disable exception handling before booting the kernel */
539 cleanup_exception_handling();
541 if (spurious_nmi_count) {
542 error_putstr("Spurious early NMIs ignored: ");
543 error_putdec(spurious_nmi_count);
547 return output + entry_offset;