3 * (C) 2012 Google, Inc.
6 * This implements a refcount with similar semantics to atomic_t - atomic_inc(),
7 * atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
9 * There's one important difference between percpu refs and normal atomic_t
10 * refcounts; you have to keep track of your initial refcount, and then when you
11 * start shutting down you call percpu_ref_kill() _before_ dropping the initial
14 * The refcount will have a range of 0 to ((1U << 31) - 1), i.e. one bit less
15 * than an atomic_t - this is because of the way shutdown works, see
16 * percpu_ref_kill()/PCPU_COUNT_BIAS.
18 * Before you call percpu_ref_kill(), percpu_ref_put() does not check for the
19 * refcount hitting 0 - it can't, if it was in percpu mode. percpu_ref_kill()
20 * puts the ref back in single atomic_t mode, collecting the per cpu refs and
21 * issuing the appropriate barriers, and then marks the ref as shutting down so
22 * that percpu_ref_put() will check for the ref hitting 0. After it returns,
23 * it's safe to drop the initial ref.
27 * See fs/aio.c for some example usage; it's used there for struct kioctx, which
28 * is created when userspaces calls io_setup(), and destroyed when userspace
29 * calls io_destroy() or the process exits.
31 * In the aio code, kill_ioctx() is called when we wish to destroy a kioctx; it
32 * calls percpu_ref_kill(), then hlist_del_rcu() and sychronize_rcu() to remove
33 * the kioctx from the proccess's list of kioctxs - after that, there can't be
34 * any new users of the kioctx (from lookup_ioctx()) and it's then safe to drop
35 * the initial ref with percpu_ref_put().
37 * Code that does a two stage shutdown like this often needs some kind of
38 * explicit synchronization to ensure the initial refcount can only be dropped
39 * once - percpu_ref_kill() does this for you, it returns true once and false if
40 * someone else already called it. The aio code uses it this way, but it's not
41 * necessary if the code has some other mechanism to synchronize teardown.
45 #ifndef _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
46 #define _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
48 #include <linux/atomic.h>
49 #include <linux/kernel.h>
50 #include <linux/percpu.h>
51 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
54 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
59 * The low bit of the pointer indicates whether the ref is in percpu
60 * mode; if set, then get/put will manipulate the atomic_t.
62 unsigned long pcpu_count_ptr;
63 percpu_ref_func_t *release;
64 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill;
68 int __must_check percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref,
69 percpu_ref_func_t *release);
70 void percpu_ref_reinit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
71 void percpu_ref_exit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
72 void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
73 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill);
76 * percpu_ref_kill - drop the initial ref
77 * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
79 * Must be used to drop the initial ref on a percpu refcount; must be called
80 * precisely once before shutdown.
82 * Puts @ref in non percpu mode, then does a call_rcu() before gathering up the
83 * percpu counters and dropping the initial ref.
85 static inline void percpu_ref_kill(struct percpu_ref *ref)
87 return percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(ref, NULL);
90 #define PCPU_REF_DEAD 1
93 * Internal helper. Don't use outside percpu-refcount proper. The
94 * function doesn't return the pointer and let the caller test it for NULL
95 * because doing so forces the compiler to generate two conditional
96 * branches as it can't assume that @ref->pcpu_count is not NULL.
98 static inline bool __pcpu_ref_alive(struct percpu_ref *ref,
99 unsigned __percpu **pcpu_countp)
101 unsigned long pcpu_ptr = ACCESS_ONCE(ref->pcpu_count_ptr);
103 /* paired with smp_store_release() in percpu_ref_reinit() */
104 smp_read_barrier_depends();
106 if (unlikely(pcpu_ptr & PCPU_REF_DEAD))
109 *pcpu_countp = (unsigned __percpu *)pcpu_ptr;
114 * percpu_ref_get - increment a percpu refcount
115 * @ref: percpu_ref to get
117 * Analagous to atomic_inc().
119 static inline void percpu_ref_get(struct percpu_ref *ref)
121 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
123 rcu_read_lock_sched();
125 if (__pcpu_ref_alive(ref, &pcpu_count))
126 this_cpu_inc(*pcpu_count);
128 atomic_inc(&ref->count);
130 rcu_read_unlock_sched();
134 * percpu_ref_tryget - try to increment a percpu refcount
135 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
137 * Increment a percpu refcount unless its count already reached zero.
138 * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
140 * The caller is responsible for ensuring that @ref stays accessible.
142 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget(struct percpu_ref *ref)
144 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
147 rcu_read_lock_sched();
149 if (__pcpu_ref_alive(ref, &pcpu_count)) {
150 this_cpu_inc(*pcpu_count);
153 ret = atomic_inc_not_zero(&ref->count);
156 rcu_read_unlock_sched();
162 * percpu_ref_tryget_live - try to increment a live percpu refcount
163 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
165 * Increment a percpu refcount unless it has already been killed. Returns
166 * %true on success; %false on failure.
168 * Completion of percpu_ref_kill() in itself doesn't guarantee that tryget
169 * will fail. For such guarantee, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm() should be
170 * used. After the confirm_kill callback is invoked, it's guaranteed that
171 * no new reference will be given out by percpu_ref_tryget().
173 * The caller is responsible for ensuring that @ref stays accessible.
175 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_live(struct percpu_ref *ref)
177 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
180 rcu_read_lock_sched();
182 if (__pcpu_ref_alive(ref, &pcpu_count)) {
183 this_cpu_inc(*pcpu_count);
187 rcu_read_unlock_sched();
193 * percpu_ref_put - decrement a percpu refcount
194 * @ref: percpu_ref to put
196 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
197 * to percpu_ref_init())
199 static inline void percpu_ref_put(struct percpu_ref *ref)
201 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
203 rcu_read_lock_sched();
205 if (__pcpu_ref_alive(ref, &pcpu_count))
206 this_cpu_dec(*pcpu_count);
207 else if (unlikely(atomic_dec_and_test(&ref->count)))
210 rcu_read_unlock_sched();
214 * percpu_ref_is_zero - test whether a percpu refcount reached zero
215 * @ref: percpu_ref to test
217 * Returns %true if @ref reached zero.
219 static inline bool percpu_ref_is_zero(struct percpu_ref *ref)
221 unsigned __percpu *pcpu_count;
223 if (__pcpu_ref_alive(ref, &pcpu_count))
225 return !atomic_read(&ref->count);