4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
6 * published by the Free Software Foundation. See README and COPYING for
10 #include <linux/types.h>
11 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/module.h>
15 const char hex_asc[] = "0123456789abcdef";
16 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_asc);
19 * hex_to_bin - convert a hex digit to its real value
20 * @ch: ascii character represents hex digit
22 * hex_to_bin() converts one hex digit to its actual value or -1 in case of bad
25 int hex_to_bin(char ch)
27 if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
30 if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
34 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_to_bin);
37 * hex2bin - convert an ascii hexadecimal string to its binary representation
39 * @src: ascii hexadecimal string
40 * @count: result length
42 void hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count)
45 *dst = hex_to_bin(*src++) << 4;
46 *dst += hex_to_bin(*src++);
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex2bin);
53 * hex_dump_to_buffer - convert a blob of data to "hex ASCII" in memory
54 * @buf: data blob to dump
55 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
56 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
57 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
58 * @linebuf: where to put the converted data
59 * @linebuflen: total size of @linebuf, including space for terminating NUL
60 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
62 * hex_dump_to_buffer() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
63 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
65 * Given a buffer of u8 data, hex_dump_to_buffer() converts the input data
66 * to a hex + ASCII dump at the supplied memory location.
67 * The converted output is always NUL-terminated.
70 * hex_dump_to_buffer(frame->data, frame->len, 16, 1,
71 * linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), true);
73 * example output buffer:
74 * 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
76 void hex_dump_to_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, int rowsize,
77 int groupsize, char *linebuf, size_t linebuflen,
85 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
90 if (len > rowsize) /* limit to one line at a time */
92 if ((len % groupsize) != 0) /* no mixed size output */
97 const u64 *ptr8 = buf;
98 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
100 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
101 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
102 "%s%16.16llx", j ? " " : "",
103 (unsigned long long)*(ptr8 + j));
104 ascii_column = 17 * ngroups + 2;
109 const u32 *ptr4 = buf;
110 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
112 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
113 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
114 "%s%8.8x", j ? " " : "", *(ptr4 + j));
115 ascii_column = 9 * ngroups + 2;
120 const u16 *ptr2 = buf;
121 int ngroups = len / groupsize;
123 for (j = 0; j < ngroups; j++)
124 lx += scnprintf(linebuf + lx, linebuflen - lx,
125 "%s%4.4x", j ? " " : "", *(ptr2 + j));
126 ascii_column = 5 * ngroups + 2;
131 for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 3) <= linebuflen; j++) {
133 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_hi(ch);
134 linebuf[lx++] = hex_asc_lo(ch);
140 ascii_column = 3 * rowsize + 2;
146 while (lx < (linebuflen - 1) && lx < (ascii_column - 1))
148 for (j = 0; (j < len) && (lx + 2) < linebuflen; j++) {
150 linebuf[lx++] = (isascii(ch) && isprint(ch)) ? ch : '.';
153 linebuf[lx++] = '\0';
155 EXPORT_SYMBOL(hex_dump_to_buffer);
158 * print_hex_dump - print a text hex dump to syslog for a binary blob of data
159 * @level: kernel log level (e.g. KERN_DEBUG)
160 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
161 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
162 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
163 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
164 * @rowsize: number of bytes to print per line; must be 16 or 32
165 * @groupsize: number of bytes to print at a time (1, 2, 4, 8; default = 1)
166 * @buf: data blob to dump
167 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
168 * @ascii: include ASCII after the hex output
170 * Given a buffer of u8 data, print_hex_dump() prints a hex + ASCII dump
171 * to the kernel log at the specified kernel log level, with an optional
174 * print_hex_dump() works on one "line" of output at a time, i.e.,
175 * 16 or 32 bytes of input data converted to hex + ASCII output.
176 * print_hex_dump() iterates over the entire input @buf, breaking it into
177 * "line size" chunks to format and print.
180 * print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "raw data: ", DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS,
181 * 16, 1, frame->data, frame->len, true);
183 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET and 1-byte mode:
184 * 0009ab42: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
185 * Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS and 4-byte mode:
186 * ffffffff88089af0: 73727170 77767574 7b7a7978 7f7e7d7c pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.
188 void print_hex_dump(const char *level, const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
189 int rowsize, int groupsize,
190 const void *buf, size_t len, bool ascii)
193 int i, linelen, remaining = len;
194 unsigned char linebuf[32 * 3 + 2 + 32 + 1];
196 if (rowsize != 16 && rowsize != 32)
199 for (i = 0; i < len; i += rowsize) {
200 linelen = min(remaining, rowsize);
201 remaining -= rowsize;
203 hex_dump_to_buffer(ptr + i, linelen, rowsize, groupsize,
204 linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), ascii);
206 switch (prefix_type) {
207 case DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS:
208 printk("%s%s%p: %s\n",
209 level, prefix_str, ptr + i, linebuf);
211 case DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET:
212 printk("%s%s%.8x: %s\n", level, prefix_str, i, linebuf);
215 printk("%s%s%s\n", level, prefix_str, linebuf);
220 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump);
223 * print_hex_dump_bytes - shorthand form of print_hex_dump() with default params
224 * @prefix_str: string to prefix each line with;
225 * caller supplies trailing spaces for alignment if desired
226 * @prefix_type: controls whether prefix of an offset, address, or none
227 * is printed (%DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, %DUMP_PREFIX_NONE)
228 * @buf: data blob to dump
229 * @len: number of bytes in the @buf
231 * Calls print_hex_dump(), with log level of KERN_DEBUG,
232 * rowsize of 16, groupsize of 1, and ASCII output included.
234 void print_hex_dump_bytes(const char *prefix_str, int prefix_type,
235 const void *buf, size_t len)
237 print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, prefix_str, prefix_type, 16, 1,
240 EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_hex_dump_bytes);