1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
7 * and Martin Mares, November 1997.
11 #include <linux/threads.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <asm/segment.h>
15 #include <asm/page_types.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
17 #include <asm/cache.h>
18 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
19 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
20 #include <asm/setup.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/msr-index.h>
23 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h>
24 #include <asm/percpu.h>
26 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
27 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
28 #include <asm/export.h>
29 #include <asm/pgtable_32.h>
31 /* Physical address */
32 #define pa(X) ((X) - __PAGE_OFFSET)
35 * References to members of the new_cpu_data structure.
38 #define X86 new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86
39 #define X86_VENDOR new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor
40 #define X86_MODEL new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_model
41 #define X86_STEPPING new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_stepping
42 #define X86_HARD_MATH new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_hard_math
43 #define X86_CPUID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_cpuid_level
44 #define X86_CAPABILITY new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_capability
45 #define X86_VENDOR_ID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor_id
48 #define SIZEOF_PTREGS 17*4
51 * Worst-case size of the kernel mapping we need to make:
52 * a relocatable kernel can live anywhere in lowmem, so we need to be able
53 * to map all of lowmem.
55 KERNEL_PAGES = LOWMEM_PAGES
57 INIT_MAP_SIZE = PAGE_TABLE_SIZE(KERNEL_PAGES) * PAGE_SIZE
58 RESERVE_BRK(pagetables, INIT_MAP_SIZE)
61 * 32-bit kernel entrypoint; only used by the boot CPU. On entry,
62 * %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
63 * CS and DS must be 4 GB flat segments, but we don't depend on
64 * any particular GDT layout, because we load our own as soon as we
68 SYM_CODE_START(startup_32)
69 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
72 * Set segments to known values.
74 lgdt pa(boot_gdt_descr)
75 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
81 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
84 * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises...
88 movl $pa(__bss_start),%edi
89 movl $pa(__bss_stop),%ecx
94 * Copy bootup parameters out of the way.
95 * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data.
96 * With the kexec as boot loader, parameter segment might be loaded beyond
97 * kernel image and might not even be addressable by early boot page tables.
98 * (kexec on panic case). Hence copy out the parameters before initializing
101 movl $pa(boot_params),%edi
102 movl $(PARAM_SIZE/4),%ecx
106 movl pa(boot_params) + NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi
108 jz 1f # No command line
109 movl $pa(boot_command_line),%edi
110 movl $(COMMAND_LINE_SIZE/4),%ecx
116 /* save OFW's pgdir table for later use when calling into OFW */
118 movl %eax, pa(olpc_ofw_pgd)
121 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
122 /* Early load ucode on BSP. */
126 /* Create early pagetables. */
127 call mk_early_pgtbl_32
129 /* Do early initialization of the fixmap area */
130 movl $pa(initial_pg_fixmap)+PDE_IDENT_ATTR,%eax
131 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
132 #define KPMDS (((-__PAGE_OFFSET) >> 30) & 3) /* Number of kernel PMDs */
133 movl %eax,pa(initial_pg_pmd+0x1000*KPMDS-8)
135 movl %eax,pa(initial_page_table+0xffc)
139 SYM_CODE_END(startup_32)
142 * Non-boot CPU entry point; entered from trampoline.S
143 * We can't lgdt here, because lgdt itself uses a data segment, but
144 * we know the trampoline has already loaded the boot_gdt for us.
146 * If cpu hotplug is not supported then this code can go in init section
147 * which will be freed later
149 SYM_FUNC_START(startup_32_smp)
151 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
156 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
158 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
160 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
161 /* Early load ucode on AP. */
166 movl $(CR0_STATE & ~X86_CR0_PG),%eax
170 * We want to start out with EFLAGS unambiguously cleared. Some BIOSes leave
171 * bits like NT set. This would confuse the debugger if this code is traced. So
172 * initialize them properly now before switching to protected mode. That means
173 * DF in particular (even though we have cleared it earlier after copying the
174 * command line) because GCC expects it.
180 * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may be using the global pages.
182 * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all! Specifically, cr4 exists
183 * if and only if CPUID exists and has flags other than the FPU flag set.
185 movl $-1,pa(X86_CPUID) # preset CPUID level
186 movl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%ecx
188 popfl # set EFLAGS=ID
190 popl %eax # get EFLAGS
191 testl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%eax # did EFLAGS.ID remained set?
192 jz .Lenable_paging # hw disallowed setting of ID bit
193 # which means no CPUID and no CR4
197 movl %eax,pa(X86_CPUID) # save largest std CPUID function
201 andl $~1,%edx # Ignore CPUID.FPU
202 jz .Lenable_paging # No flags or only CPUID.FPU = no CR4
204 movl pa(mmu_cr4_features),%eax
207 testb $X86_CR4_PAE, %al # check if PAE is enabled
210 /* Check if extended functions are implemented */
211 movl $0x80000000, %eax
213 /* Value must be in the range 0x80000001 to 0x8000ffff */
214 subl $0x80000001, %eax
215 cmpl $(0x8000ffff-0x80000001), %eax
218 /* Clear bogus XD_DISABLE bits */
221 mov $0x80000001, %eax
223 /* Execute Disable bit supported? */
224 btl $(X86_FEATURE_NX & 31), %edx
227 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
232 /* Make changes effective */
240 movl $pa(initial_page_table), %eax
241 movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */
243 movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */
244 ljmp $__BOOT_CS,$1f /* Clear prefetch and normalize %eip */
246 /* Shift the stack pointer to a virtual address */
247 addl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %esp
252 movb $4,X86 # at least 486
256 /* get vendor info */
257 xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID
259 movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level
260 movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars
261 movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars
262 movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars
264 orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well?
267 movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type
269 movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use
270 andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family
272 andb $0xf0,%al # mask model
275 andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision
276 movb %cl,X86_STEPPING
277 movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY
280 movl $0x50022,%ecx # set AM, WP, NE and MP
282 andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
287 ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
288 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers
289 movl %eax,%ss # after changing gdt.
291 movl $(__USER_DS),%eax # DS/ES contains default USER segment
295 movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %eax
296 movl %eax,%fs # set this cpu's percpu
299 movl %eax,%gs # clear possible garbage in %gs
301 xorl %eax,%eax # Clear LDT
306 SYM_FUNC_END(startup_32_smp)
308 #include "verify_cpu.S"
311 SYM_FUNC_START(early_idt_handler_array)
315 # 24(%rsp) error code
317 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
318 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
319 pushl $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
321 pushl $i # 20(%esp) Vector number
322 jmp early_idt_handler_common
324 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
326 SYM_FUNC_END(early_idt_handler_array)
328 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(early_idt_handler_common)
330 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
335 incl %ss:early_recursion_flag
337 /* The vector number is in pt_regs->gs */
340 pushl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (__fsh varies by model) */
341 pushl %es /* pt_regs->es (__esh varies by model) */
342 pushl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (__dsh varies by model) */
343 pushl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
344 pushl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
345 pushl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
346 pushl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
347 pushl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
348 pushl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
349 pushl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
351 /* Fix up DS and ES */
352 movl $(__KERNEL_DS), %ecx
356 /* Load the vector number into EDX */
357 movl PT_GS(%esp), %edx
359 /* Load GS into pt_regs->gs (and maybe clobber __gsh) */
360 movw %gs, PT_GS(%esp)
362 movl %esp, %eax /* args are pt_regs (EAX), trapnr (EDX) */
363 call early_fixup_exception
365 popl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
366 popl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
367 popl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
368 popl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
369 popl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
370 popl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
371 popl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
372 popl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (always ignores __dsh) */
373 popl %es /* pt_regs->es (always ignores __esh) */
374 popl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (always ignores __fsh) */
375 popl %gs /* pt_regs->gs (always ignores __gsh) */
376 decl %ss:early_recursion_flag
377 addl $4, %esp /* pop pt_regs->orig_ax */
379 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_common)
381 /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
382 SYM_FUNC_START(early_ignore_irq)
390 movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
393 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag
395 incl early_recursion_flag
417 SYM_FUNC_END(early_ignore_irq)
421 SYM_DATA(early_recursion_flag, .long 0)
425 SYM_DATA(initial_code, .long i386_start_kernel)
427 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
428 #define PGD_ALIGN (2 * PAGE_SIZE)
429 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 1024
431 #define PGD_ALIGN (PAGE_SIZE)
432 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
439 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
440 .globl initial_pg_pmd
444 .globl initial_page_table
451 .globl swapper_pg_dir
455 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,4,0
456 .globl empty_zero_page
459 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)
462 * This starts the data section.
464 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
466 /* Page-aligned for the benefit of paravirt? */
468 SYM_DATA_START(initial_page_table)
469 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0 /* low identity map */
471 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
472 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
473 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x2000),0
476 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
477 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
481 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
483 # error "Kernel PMDs should be 1, 2 or 3"
485 .align PAGE_SIZE /* needs to be page-sized too */
487 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
489 * PTI needs another page so sync_initial_pagetable() works correctly
490 * and does not scribble over the data which is placed behind the
491 * actual initial_page_table. See clone_pgd_range().
496 SYM_DATA_END(initial_page_table)
502 * The SIZEOF_PTREGS gap is a convention which helps the in-kernel unwinder
503 * reliably detect the end of the stack.
505 SYM_DATA(initial_stack,
506 .long init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE -
507 SIZEOF_PTREGS - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING)
511 .asciz "Unknown interrupt or fault at: %p %p %p\n"
513 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
516 * The IDT and GDT 'descriptors' are a strange 48-bit object
517 * only used by the lidt and lgdt instructions. They are not
518 * like usual segment descriptors - they consist of a 16-bit
519 * segment size, and 32-bit linear address value:
524 # early boot GDT descriptor (must use 1:1 address mapping)
525 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
526 SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(boot_gdt_descr)
528 .long boot_gdt - __PAGE_OFFSET
529 SYM_DATA_END(boot_gdt_descr)
531 # boot GDT descriptor (later on used by CPU#0):
532 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
533 SYM_DATA_START(early_gdt_descr)
534 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
535 .long gdt_page /* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
536 SYM_DATA_END(early_gdt_descr)
539 * The boot_gdt must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is
540 * used only for booting.
542 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
543 SYM_DATA_START(boot_gdt)
544 .fill GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS,8,0
545 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
546 .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */
547 SYM_DATA_END(boot_gdt)