1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Kernel Probes (KProbes)
5 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
8 * Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from
11 * interface to access function arguments.
16 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
17 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
18 #include <linux/preempt.h>
19 #include <linux/extable.h>
20 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
21 #include <linux/slab.h>
22 #include <linux/moduleloader.h>
23 #include <linux/set_memory.h>
24 #include <asm/code-patching.h>
25 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
26 #include <asm/sstep.h>
27 #include <asm/sections.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
31 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
32 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);
34 struct kretprobe_blackpoint kretprobe_blacklist[] = {{NULL, NULL}};
36 bool arch_within_kprobe_blacklist(unsigned long addr)
38 return (addr >= (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_start &&
39 addr < (unsigned long)__kprobes_text_end) ||
40 (addr >= (unsigned long)_stext &&
41 addr < (unsigned long)__head_end);
44 kprobe_opcode_t *kprobe_lookup_name(const char *name, unsigned int offset)
46 kprobe_opcode_t *addr = NULL;
48 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2
49 /* PPC64 ABIv2 needs local entry point */
50 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
51 if (addr && !offset) {
52 #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
55 * Per livepatch.h, ftrace location is always within the first
56 * 16 bytes of a function on powerpc with -mprofile-kernel.
58 faddr = ftrace_location_range((unsigned long)addr,
59 (unsigned long)addr + 16);
61 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)faddr;
64 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)ppc_function_entry(addr);
66 #elif defined(CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V1)
68 * 64bit powerpc ABIv1 uses function descriptors:
69 * - Check for the dot variant of the symbol first.
70 * - If that fails, try looking up the symbol provided.
72 * This ensures we always get to the actual symbol and not
75 * Also handle <module:symbol> format.
77 char dot_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN + 1 + KSYM_NAME_LEN];
78 bool dot_appended = false;
83 if ((c = strnchr(name, MODULE_NAME_LEN, ':')) != NULL) {
86 memcpy(dot_name, name, len);
90 if (*c != '\0' && *c != '.') {
91 dot_name[len++] = '.';
94 ret = strscpy(dot_name + len, c, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
96 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(dot_name);
98 /* Fallback to the original non-dot symbol lookup */
99 if (!addr && dot_appended)
100 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
102 addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
108 static bool arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(unsigned long offset)
110 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC64_ELF_ABI_V2
111 #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
121 /* XXX try and fold the magic of kprobe_lookup_name() in this */
122 kprobe_opcode_t *arch_adjust_kprobe_addr(unsigned long addr, unsigned long offset,
125 *on_func_entry = arch_kprobe_on_func_entry(offset);
126 return (kprobe_opcode_t *)(addr + offset);
129 void *alloc_insn_page(void)
133 page = module_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);
137 if (strict_module_rwx_enabled())
138 set_memory_rox((unsigned long)page, 1);
143 int arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
147 ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->addr);
149 if ((unsigned long)p->addr & 0x03) {
150 printk("Attempt to register kprobe at an unaligned address\n");
152 } else if (!can_single_step(ppc_inst_val(insn))) {
153 printk("Cannot register a kprobe on instructions that can't be single stepped\n");
155 } else if ((unsigned long)p->addr & ~PAGE_MASK &&
156 ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(p->addr - 1))) {
157 printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n");
160 prev = get_kprobe(p->addr - 1);
163 * When prev is a ftrace-based kprobe, we don't have an insn, and it
164 * doesn't probe for prefixed instruction.
166 if (prev && !kprobe_ftrace(prev) &&
167 ppc_inst_prefixed(ppc_inst_read(prev->ainsn.insn))) {
168 printk("Cannot register a kprobe on the second word of prefixed instruction\n");
172 /* insn must be on a special executable page on ppc64. This is
173 * not explicitly required on ppc32 (right now), but it doesn't hurt */
175 p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
181 patch_instruction(p->ainsn.insn, insn);
182 p->opcode = ppc_inst_val(insn);
185 p->ainsn.boostable = 0;
188 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kprobe);
190 void arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
192 WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION)));
194 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_arm_kprobe);
196 void arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
198 WARN_ON_ONCE(patch_instruction(p->addr, ppc_inst(p->opcode)));
200 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_disarm_kprobe);
202 void arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
205 free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn, 0);
206 p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
209 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_remove_kprobe);
211 static nokprobe_inline void prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
213 enable_single_step(regs);
216 * On powerpc we should single step on the original
217 * instruction even if the probed insn is a trap
218 * variant as values in regs could play a part in
219 * if the trap is taken or not
221 regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn);
224 static nokprobe_inline void save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
226 kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
227 kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
228 kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr = kcb->kprobe_saved_msr;
231 static nokprobe_inline void restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
233 __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp);
234 kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
235 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_msr;
238 static nokprobe_inline void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
239 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
241 __this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
242 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr = regs->msr;
245 void arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs)
247 ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->link;
250 /* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
251 regs->link = (unsigned long)__kretprobe_trampoline;
253 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_prepare_kretprobe);
255 static int try_to_emulate(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
258 ppc_inst_t insn = ppc_inst_read(p->ainsn.insn);
260 /* regs->nip is also adjusted if emulate_step returns 1 */
261 ret = emulate_step(regs, insn);
264 * Once this instruction has been boosted
265 * successfully, set the boostable flag
267 if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable == 0))
268 p->ainsn.boostable = 1;
269 } else if (ret < 0) {
271 * We don't allow kprobes on mtmsr(d)/rfi(d), etc.
272 * So, we should never get here... but, its still
273 * good to catch them, just in case...
275 printk("Can't step on instruction %08lx\n", ppc_inst_as_ulong(insn));
279 * If we haven't previously emulated this instruction, then it
280 * can't be boosted. Note it down so we don't try to do so again.
282 * If, however, we had emulated this instruction in the past,
283 * then this is just an error with the current run (for
284 * instance, exceptions due to a load/store). We return 0 so
285 * that this is now single-stepped, but continue to try
286 * emulating it in subsequent probe hits.
288 if (unlikely(p->ainsn.boostable != 1))
289 p->ainsn.boostable = -1;
294 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(try_to_emulate);
296 int kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
300 unsigned int *addr = (unsigned int *)regs->nip;
301 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
306 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BOOKE) &&
307 (!(regs->msr & MSR_IR) || !(regs->msr & MSR_DR)))
311 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
312 * duration of kprobe processing
315 kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
317 p = get_kprobe(addr);
321 if (get_kernel_nofault(instr, addr))
324 if (instr != BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
326 * PowerPC has multiple variants of the "trap"
327 * instruction. If the current instruction is a
328 * trap variant, it could belong to someone else
333 * The breakpoint instruction was removed right
334 * after we hit it. Another cpu has removed
335 * either a probepoint or a debugger breakpoint
336 * at this address. In either case, no further
337 * handling of this interrupt is appropriate.
341 /* Not one of ours: let kernel handle it */
345 /* Check we're not actually recursing */
346 if (kprobe_running()) {
347 kprobe_opcode_t insn = *p->ainsn.insn;
348 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS && is_trap(insn)) {
349 /* Turn off 'trace' bits */
350 regs_set_return_msr(regs,
351 (regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) |
352 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);
357 * We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since another probe
358 * was hit while within the handler. We here save the original
359 * kprobes variables and just single step on the instruction of
360 * the new probe without calling any user handlers.
362 save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
363 set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
364 kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
365 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
366 if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) {
367 ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs);
370 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
375 prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
379 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
380 set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
381 if (p->pre_handler && p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
382 /* handler changed execution path, so skip ss setup */
383 reset_current_kprobe();
388 if (p->ainsn.boostable >= 0) {
389 ret = try_to_emulate(p, regs);
393 p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
395 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
396 reset_current_kprobe();
401 prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
402 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
409 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_handler);
412 * Function return probe trampoline:
413 * - init_kprobes() establishes a probepoint here
414 * - When the probed function returns, this probe
415 * causes the handlers to fire
417 asm(".global __kretprobe_trampoline\n"
418 ".type __kretprobe_trampoline, @function\n"
419 "__kretprobe_trampoline:\n"
422 ".size __kretprobe_trampoline, .-__kretprobe_trampoline\n");
425 * Called when the probe at kretprobe trampoline is hit
427 static int trampoline_probe_handler(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
429 unsigned long orig_ret_address;
431 orig_ret_address = __kretprobe_trampoline_handler(regs, NULL);
433 * We get here through one of two paths:
434 * 1. by taking a trap -> kprobe_handler() -> here
435 * 2. by optprobe branch -> optimized_callback() -> opt_pre_handler() -> here
437 * When going back through (1), we need regs->nip to be setup properly
438 * as it is used to determine the return address from the trap.
439 * For (2), since nip is not honoured with optprobes, we instead setup
440 * the link register properly so that the subsequent 'blr' in
441 * __kretprobe_trampoline jumps back to the right instruction.
443 * For nip, we should set the address to the previous instruction since
444 * we end up emulating it in kprobe_handler(), which increments the nip
447 regs_set_return_ip(regs, orig_ret_address - 4);
448 regs->link = orig_ret_address;
452 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(trampoline_probe_handler);
455 * Called after single-stepping. p->addr is the address of the
456 * instruction whose first byte has been replaced by the "breakpoint"
457 * instruction. To avoid the SMP problems that can occur when we
458 * temporarily put back the original opcode to single-step, we
459 * single-stepped a copy of the instruction. The address of this
460 * copy is p->ainsn.insn.
462 int kprobe_post_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
465 struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
466 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
468 if (!cur || user_mode(regs))
471 len = ppc_inst_len(ppc_inst_read(cur->ainsn.insn));
472 /* make sure we got here for instruction we have a kprobe on */
473 if (((unsigned long)cur->ainsn.insn + len) != regs->nip)
476 if ((kcb->kprobe_status != KPROBE_REENTER) && cur->post_handler) {
477 kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
478 cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0);
481 /* Adjust nip to after the single-stepped instruction */
482 regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr + len);
483 regs_set_return_msr(regs, regs->msr | kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);
485 /*Restore back the original saved kprobes variables and continue. */
486 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
487 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
490 reset_current_kprobe();
495 * if somebody else is singlestepping across a probe point, msr
496 * will have DE/SE set, in which case, continue the remaining processing
497 * of do_debug, as if this is not a probe hit.
499 if (regs->msr & MSR_SINGLESTEP)
504 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_post_handler);
506 int kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, int trapnr)
508 struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
509 struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
510 const struct exception_table_entry *entry;
512 switch(kcb->kprobe_status) {
516 * We are here because the instruction being single
517 * stepped caused a page fault. We reset the current
518 * kprobe and the nip points back to the probe address
519 * and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
522 regs_set_return_ip(regs, (unsigned long)cur->addr);
523 /* Turn off 'trace' bits */
524 regs_set_return_msr(regs,
525 (regs->msr & ~MSR_SINGLESTEP) |
526 kcb->kprobe_saved_msr);
527 if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER)
528 restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
530 reset_current_kprobe();
533 case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
534 case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
536 * In case the user-specified fault handler returned
537 * zero, try to fix up.
539 if ((entry = search_exception_tables(regs->nip)) != NULL) {
540 regs_set_return_ip(regs, extable_fixup(entry));
545 * fixup_exception() could not handle it,
546 * Let do_page_fault() fix it.
554 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_fault_handler);
556 static struct kprobe trampoline_p = {
557 .addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) &__kretprobe_trampoline,
558 .pre_handler = trampoline_probe_handler
561 int __init arch_init_kprobes(void)
563 return register_kprobe(&trampoline_p);
566 int arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
568 if (p->addr == (kprobe_opcode_t *)&__kretprobe_trampoline)
573 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(arch_trampoline_kprobe);