1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
8 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
9 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
13 #define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/extable.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
19 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/stackprotector.h>
23 #include <linux/string.h>
24 #include <linux/ctype.h>
25 #include <linux/delay.h>
26 #include <linux/ioport.h>
27 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/memblock.h>
30 #include <linux/acpi.h>
31 #include <linux/bootconfig.h>
32 #include <linux/console.h>
33 #include <linux/nmi.h>
34 #include <linux/percpu.h>
35 #include <linux/kmod.h>
36 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
37 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
38 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
39 #include <linux/security.h>
40 #include <linux/smp.h>
41 #include <linux/profile.h>
42 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
43 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
44 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
45 #include <linux/writeback.h>
46 #include <linux/cpu.h>
47 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
48 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
49 #include <linux/efi.h>
50 #include <linux/tick.h>
51 #include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
52 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
53 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
54 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
55 #include <linux/unistd.h>
56 #include <linux/utsname.h>
57 #include <linux/rmap.h>
58 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
59 #include <linux/key.h>
60 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
61 #include <linux/page_ext.h>
62 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
63 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
64 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
65 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
66 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
67 #include <linux/device/driver.h>
68 #include <linux/kthread.h>
69 #include <linux/sched.h>
70 #include <linux/sched/init.h>
71 #include <linux/signal.h>
72 #include <linux/idr.h>
73 #include <linux/kgdb.h>
74 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
75 #include <linux/async.h>
76 #include <linux/sfi.h>
77 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
78 #include <linux/slab.h>
79 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
80 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
81 #include <linux/pti.h>
82 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
83 #include <linux/elevator.h>
84 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
85 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
86 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
87 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
88 #include <linux/random.h>
89 #include <linux/list.h>
90 #include <linux/integrity.h>
91 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
93 #include <linux/cache.h>
94 #include <linux/rodata_test.h>
95 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
96 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
100 #include <asm/setup.h>
101 #include <asm/sections.h>
102 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
104 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
105 #include <trace/events/initcall.h>
107 static int kernel_init(void *);
109 extern void init_IRQ(void);
110 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
113 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
114 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
115 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
116 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
119 bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
121 enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
122 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
125 * Boot command-line arguments
127 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
128 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
130 extern void time_init(void);
131 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
132 void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
134 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
135 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
136 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
137 char *saved_command_line;
138 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
139 static char *static_command_line;
140 /* Untouched extra command line */
141 static char *extra_command_line;
142 /* Extra init arguments */
143 static char *extra_init_args;
145 static char *execute_command;
146 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
149 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
150 * before jump_label_init is called.
152 bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
153 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
156 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
157 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
158 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
160 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
161 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
162 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
164 unsigned int reset_devices;
165 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
167 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
173 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
175 static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
176 const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
177 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
179 extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
181 static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
183 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
184 bool had_early_param = false;
188 int n = strlen(p->str);
189 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
191 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
192 * (Needs exact match on param part).
193 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
194 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
195 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
196 had_early_param = true;
197 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
198 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
201 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
205 } while (p < __setup_end);
207 return had_early_param;
211 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
212 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
214 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
215 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
217 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
219 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
223 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
225 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
229 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
230 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
232 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
237 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
238 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
239 * are quite hard to debug
241 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
242 console_loglevel = newlevel;
249 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
251 #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
253 char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;
255 #define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
257 static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
258 struct xbc_node *root)
260 struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
261 char *end = buf + size;
266 xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
267 ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
268 xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
272 vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
273 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s%c", xbc_namebuf,
282 xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
283 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%c%s", c, val);
289 if (rest(buf, end) > 2)
294 return buf - (end - size);
298 /* Make an extra command line under given key word */
299 static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
301 struct xbc_node *root;
305 root = xbc_find_node(key);
309 /* Count required buffer size */
310 len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
314 new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
316 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n");
320 ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
321 if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
322 pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n");
329 u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size)
339 static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline)
347 p = strstr(cmdline, "bootconfig");
348 if (!p || (p != cmdline && !isspace(*(p-1))) ||
349 (p[10] && !isspace(p[10])))
355 hdr = (u32 *)(initrd_end - 8);
359 if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
360 pr_err("bootconfig size %d greater than max size %d\n",
365 data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
366 if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start)
369 if (boot_config_checksum((unsigned char *)data, size) != csum) {
370 pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n");
374 copy = memblock_alloc(size + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
376 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for bootconfig\n");
380 memcpy(copy, data, size);
383 ret = xbc_init(copy);
385 pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig\n");
387 pr_info("Load bootconfig: %d bytes %d nodes\n", size, ret);
388 /* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
389 extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");
390 /* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
391 extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");
395 pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n");
398 #define setup_boot_config(cmdline) do { } while (0)
401 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
402 static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)
405 /* param=val or param="val"? */
406 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
408 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
410 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
416 /* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
417 static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
418 const char *unused, void *arg)
425 repair_env_string(param, val);
427 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
428 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
429 panic_later = "init";
434 argv_init[i] = param;
439 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
440 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
442 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
443 const char *unused, void *arg)
445 size_t len = strlen(param);
447 repair_env_string(param, val);
449 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
450 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
453 /* Unused module parameter. */
454 if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))
461 /* Environment option */
463 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
464 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
468 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))
471 envp_init[i] = param;
473 /* Command line option */
475 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
476 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
477 panic_later = "init";
481 argv_init[i] = param;
486 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
490 execute_command = str;
492 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
493 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
494 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
495 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
497 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
501 __setup("init=", init_setup);
503 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
507 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
508 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
509 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
513 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
516 static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
517 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
518 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
522 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
523 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
524 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
525 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
527 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
529 size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;
531 if (extra_command_line)
532 xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);
534 ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */
536 len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;
538 saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
539 if (!saved_command_line)
540 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len + ilen);
542 static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
543 if (!static_command_line)
544 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
548 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
549 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
550 * command line) in the command lines.
552 strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
553 strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
555 strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
556 strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);
560 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
561 * so that user can check what command line options passed
564 len = strlen(saved_command_line);
565 if (!strstr(boot_command_line, " -- ")) {
566 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
569 saved_command_line[len++] = ' ';
571 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
576 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
577 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
578 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
581 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
584 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
586 noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
588 struct task_struct *tsk;
591 rcu_scheduler_starting();
593 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
594 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
595 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
597 pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
599 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
600 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
601 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
604 tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
605 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
608 numa_default_policy();
609 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
611 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
615 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
616 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
617 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
618 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
619 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
621 system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
623 complete(&kthreadd_done);
626 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
627 * at least once to get things moving:
629 schedule_preempt_disabled();
630 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
631 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
634 /* Check for early params. */
635 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
636 const char *unused, void *arg)
638 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
640 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
641 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
642 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
643 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
645 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
646 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
649 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
653 void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
655 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
659 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
660 void __init parse_early_param(void)
662 static int done __initdata;
663 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
668 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
669 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
670 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
674 void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }
676 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
680 # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
681 void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
686 void __init __weak mem_encrypt_init(void) { }
688 void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }
690 void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }
693 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
695 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
696 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
698 static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
703 /* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */
704 static void __init report_meminit(void)
708 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL))
710 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL))
712 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF))
714 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER))
719 pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s\n",
720 stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off",
721 want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off");
722 if (want_init_on_free())
723 pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...\n");
727 * Set up kernel memory allocators
729 static void __init mm_init(void)
732 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
733 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
735 page_ext_init_flatmem();
736 init_debug_pagealloc();
742 debug_objects_mem_init();
745 /* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
747 /* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */
751 void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
756 asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
761 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
762 smp_setup_processor_id();
763 debug_objects_early_init();
768 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
771 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
776 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
777 early_security_init();
778 setup_arch(&command_line);
779 setup_boot_config(command_line);
780 setup_command_line(command_line);
782 setup_per_cpu_areas();
783 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
784 boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
786 build_all_zonelists(NULL);
789 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
790 /* parameters may set static keys */
793 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
794 static_command_line, __start___param,
795 __stop___param - __start___param,
796 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
797 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
798 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
801 parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
802 NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);
805 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
809 vfs_caches_init_early();
816 /* trace_printk can be enabled here */
820 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
821 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
822 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
826 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
827 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
830 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
831 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
836 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
837 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
842 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
843 * early. Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
846 workqueue_init_early();
850 /* Trace events are available after this */
854 initcall_debug_enable();
856 context_tracking_init();
857 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
868 * For best initial stack canary entropy, prepare it after:
869 * - setup_arch() for any UEFI RNG entropy and boot cmdline access
870 * - timekeeping_init() for ktime entropy used in rand_initialize()
871 * - rand_initialize() to get any arch-specific entropy like RDRAND
872 * - add_latent_entropy() to get any latent entropy
873 * - adding command line entropy
876 add_latent_entropy();
877 add_device_randomness(command_line, strlen(command_line));
878 boot_init_stack_canary();
884 call_function_init();
885 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
887 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
890 kmem_cache_init_late();
893 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
894 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
895 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
899 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
905 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
906 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
912 * This needs to be called before any devices perform DMA
913 * operations that might use the SWIOTLB bounce buffers. It will
914 * mark the bounce buffers as decrypted so that their usage will
915 * not cause "plain-text" data to be decrypted when accessed.
919 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
920 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
921 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
922 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
923 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
928 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
938 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
939 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
941 thread_stack_cache_init();
958 taskstats_init_early();
964 acpi_subsystem_init();
965 arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
968 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
969 arch_call_rest_init();
972 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
973 static void __init do_ctors(void)
975 #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
976 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
978 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
983 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
984 struct blacklist_entry {
985 struct list_head next;
989 static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
991 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
994 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
996 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
998 str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
1000 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
1001 entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
1004 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1005 __func__, sizeof(*entry));
1006 entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
1009 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1010 __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
1011 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
1012 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
1014 } while (str_entry);
1019 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1021 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1022 char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
1025 if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
1028 addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
1029 sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);
1032 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
1033 * displayed for built-in init functions. Strip off the [module_name].
1035 strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');
1037 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
1038 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
1039 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
1047 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1049 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
1053 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1058 __setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
1060 static __init_or_module void
1061 trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
1063 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
1065 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
1066 *calltime = ktime_get();
1069 static __init_or_module void
1070 trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
1072 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
1073 ktime_t delta, rettime;
1074 unsigned long long duration;
1076 rettime = ktime_get();
1077 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, *calltime);
1078 duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
1079 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
1083 static ktime_t initcall_calltime;
1085 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
1086 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
1090 ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
1091 &initcall_calltime);
1092 ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
1093 &initcall_calltime);
1094 WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
1096 # define do_trace_initcall_start trace_initcall_start
1097 # define do_trace_initcall_finish trace_initcall_finish
1099 static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
1101 if (!initcall_debug)
1103 trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
1105 static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
1107 if (!initcall_debug)
1109 trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
1111 #endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */
1113 int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
1115 int count = preempt_count();
1119 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
1122 do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
1124 do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);
1128 if (preempt_count() != count) {
1129 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
1130 preempt_count_set(count);
1132 if (irqs_disabled()) {
1133 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
1136 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
1138 add_latent_entropy();
1143 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[];
1144 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[];
1145 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[];
1146 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[];
1147 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[];
1148 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[];
1149 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[];
1150 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[];
1151 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[];
1152 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[];
1154 static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
1166 /* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
1167 static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
1178 static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
1179 const char *unused, void *arg)
1184 static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)
1186 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1188 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
1189 command_line, __start___param,
1190 __stop___param - __start___param,
1192 NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);
1194 trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
1195 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
1196 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1199 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
1202 size_t len = strlen(saved_command_line) + 1;
1205 command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1207 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
1209 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
1210 /* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
1211 strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
1212 do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
1215 kfree(command_line);
1219 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
1220 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
1221 * running, and memory and process management works.
1223 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
1225 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
1231 usermodehelper_enable();
1235 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
1237 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1239 trace_initcall_level("early");
1240 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
1241 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1244 static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1246 const char *const *p;
1248 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
1249 pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
1250 pr_debug(" with arguments:\n");
1251 for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
1252 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1253 pr_debug(" with environment:\n");
1254 for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
1255 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1256 return do_execve(getname_kernel(init_filename),
1257 (const char __user *const __user *)argv_init,
1258 (const char __user *const __user *)envp_init);
1261 static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1265 ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
1267 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
1268 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
1269 init_filename, ret);
1275 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
1277 #if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
1278 bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
1279 static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
1281 return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
1283 __setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);
1286 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1287 static void mark_readonly(void)
1289 if (rodata_enabled) {
1291 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
1292 * up with call_rcu(). Let's make sure that queued work is
1293 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
1294 * insecure pages which are W+X.
1300 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
1302 #elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)
1303 static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1305 pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n");
1308 static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1310 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
1314 void __weak free_initmem(void)
1316 free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
1319 static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
1323 kernel_init_freeable();
1324 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
1325 async_synchronize_full();
1326 ftrace_free_init_mem();
1331 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
1336 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
1337 numa_default_policy();
1339 rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
1341 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
1342 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
1345 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
1346 ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
1350 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
1352 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
1353 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
1355 if (execute_command) {
1356 ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
1359 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
1360 execute_command, ret);
1362 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
1363 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
1364 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
1365 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
1368 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
1369 "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
1372 void console_on_rootfs(void)
1374 /* Open the /dev/console as stdin, this should never fail */
1375 if (ksys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
1376 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1378 /* create stdout/stderr */
1383 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
1386 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
1388 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
1390 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
1391 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
1394 * init can allocate pages on any node
1396 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
1398 cad_pid = task_pid(current);
1400 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
1404 init_mm_internals();
1406 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1407 lockup_detector_init();
1412 page_alloc_init_late();
1413 /* Initialize page ext after all struct pages are initialized. */
1418 console_on_rootfs();
1421 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
1425 if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
1426 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
1428 if (ksys_access((const char __user *)
1429 ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
1430 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1431 prepare_namespace();
1435 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1436 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1437 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1439 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1440 * and default modules
1443 integrity_load_keys();