1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
2 #ifndef _LINUX_MAPLE_TREE_H
3 #define _LINUX_MAPLE_TREE_H
5 * Maple Tree - An RCU-safe adaptive tree for storing ranges
6 * Copyright (c) 2018-2022 Oracle
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
13 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
14 /* #define CONFIG_MAPLE_RCU_DISABLED */
17 * Allocated nodes are mutable until they have been inserted into the tree,
18 * at which time they cannot change their type until they have been removed
19 * from the tree and an RCU grace period has passed.
21 * Removed nodes have their ->parent set to point to themselves. RCU readers
22 * check ->parent before relying on the value that they loaded from the
23 * slots array. This lets us reuse the slots array for the RCU head.
25 * Nodes in the tree point to their parent unless bit 0 is set.
27 #if defined(CONFIG_64BIT) || defined(BUILD_VDSO32_64)
29 #define MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS 31 /* 256 bytes including ->parent */
30 #define MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS 16 /* 256 bytes */
31 #define MAPLE_ARANGE64_SLOTS 10 /* 240 bytes */
32 #define MAPLE_ARANGE64_META_MAX 15 /* Out of range for metadata */
33 #define MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS (MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS - 1)
36 #define MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS 63 /* 256 bytes including ->parent */
37 #define MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS 32 /* 256 bytes */
38 #define MAPLE_ARANGE64_SLOTS 21 /* 240 bytes */
39 #define MAPLE_ARANGE64_META_MAX 31 /* Out of range for metadata */
40 #define MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS (MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS - 2)
41 #endif /* defined(CONFIG_64BIT) || defined(BUILD_VDSO32_64) */
43 #define MAPLE_NODE_MASK 255UL
46 * The node->parent of the root node has bit 0 set and the rest of the pointer
47 * is a pointer to the tree itself. No more bits are available in this pointer
48 * (on m68k, the data structure may only be 2-byte aligned).
50 * Internal non-root nodes can only have maple_range_* nodes as parents. The
51 * parent pointer is 256B aligned like all other tree nodes. When storing a 32
52 * or 64 bit values, the offset can fit into 4 bits. The 16 bit values need an
53 * extra bit to store the offset. This extra bit comes from a reuse of the last
54 * bit in the node type. This is possible by using bit 1 to indicate if bit 2
55 * is part of the type or the slot.
57 * Once the type is decided, the decision of an allocation range type or a range
58 * type is done by examining the immutable tree flag for the MAPLE_ALLOC_RANGE
63 * 0x?00 = 16 bit nodes
64 * 0x010 = 32 bit nodes
65 * 0x110 = 64 bit nodes
67 * Slot size and location in the parent pointer:
68 * type : slot location
70 * 0x?00 : 16 bit values, type in 0-1, slot in 2-6
71 * 0x010 : 32 bit values, type in 0-2, slot in 3-6
72 * 0x110 : 64 bit values, type in 0-2, slot in 3-6
76 * This metadata is used to optimize the gap updating code and in reverse
77 * searching for gaps or any other code that needs to find the end of the data.
79 struct maple_metadata {
85 * Leaf nodes do not store pointers to nodes, they store user data. Users may
86 * store almost any bit pattern. As noted above, the optimisation of storing an
87 * entry at 0 in the root pointer cannot be done for data which have the bottom
88 * two bits set to '10'. We also reserve values with the bottom two bits set to
89 * '10' which are below 4096 (ie 2, 6, 10 .. 4094) for internal use. Some APIs
90 * return errnos as a negative errno shifted right by two bits and the bottom
91 * two bits set to '10', and while choosing to store these values in the array
92 * is not an error, it may lead to confusion if you're testing for an error with
95 * Non-leaf nodes store the type of the node pointed to (enum maple_type in bits
96 * 3-6), bit 2 is reserved. That leaves bits 0-1 unused for now.
98 * In regular B-Tree terms, pivots are called keys. The term pivot is used to
99 * indicate that the tree is specifying ranges, Pivots may appear in the
100 * subtree with an entry attached to the value whereas keys are unique to a
101 * specific position of a B-tree. Pivot values are inclusive of the slot with
105 struct maple_range_64 {
106 struct maple_pnode *parent;
107 unsigned long pivot[MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS - 1];
109 void __rcu *slot[MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS];
111 void __rcu *pad[MAPLE_RANGE64_SLOTS - 1];
112 struct maple_metadata meta;
118 * At tree creation time, the user can specify that they're willing to trade off
119 * storing fewer entries in a tree in return for storing more information in
122 * The maple tree supports recording the largest range of NULL entries available
123 * in this node, also called gaps. This optimises the tree for allocating a
126 struct maple_arange_64 {
127 struct maple_pnode *parent;
128 unsigned long pivot[MAPLE_ARANGE64_SLOTS - 1];
129 void __rcu *slot[MAPLE_ARANGE64_SLOTS];
130 unsigned long gap[MAPLE_ARANGE64_SLOTS];
131 struct maple_metadata meta;
136 unsigned char node_count;
137 unsigned int request_count;
138 struct maple_alloc *slot[MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS];
141 struct maple_topiary {
142 struct maple_pnode *parent;
143 struct maple_enode *next; /* Overlaps the pivot */
155 * DOC: Maple tree flags
157 * * MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE - Track gaps in this tree
158 * * MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU - Operate in RCU mode
159 * * MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_OFFSET - The position of the tree height in the flags
160 * * MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_MASK - The mask for the maple tree height value
161 * * MT_FLAGS_LOCK_MASK - How the mt_lock is used
162 * * MT_FLAGS_LOCK_IRQ - Acquired irq-safe
163 * * MT_FLAGS_LOCK_BH - Acquired bh-safe
164 * * MT_FLAGS_LOCK_EXTERN - mt_lock is not used
166 * MAPLE_HEIGHT_MAX The largest height that can be stored
168 #define MT_FLAGS_ALLOC_RANGE 0x01
169 #define MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU 0x02
170 #define MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_OFFSET 0x02
171 #define MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_MASK 0x7C
172 #define MT_FLAGS_LOCK_MASK 0x300
173 #define MT_FLAGS_LOCK_IRQ 0x100
174 #define MT_FLAGS_LOCK_BH 0x200
175 #define MT_FLAGS_LOCK_EXTERN 0x300
177 #define MAPLE_HEIGHT_MAX 31
180 #define MAPLE_NODE_TYPE_MASK 0x0F
181 #define MAPLE_NODE_TYPE_SHIFT 0x03
183 #define MAPLE_RESERVED_RANGE 4096
185 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
186 typedef struct lockdep_map *lockdep_map_p;
187 #define mt_lock_is_held(mt) lock_is_held(mt->ma_external_lock)
188 #define mt_set_external_lock(mt, lock) \
189 (mt)->ma_external_lock = &(lock)->dep_map
191 typedef struct { /* nothing */ } lockdep_map_p;
192 #define mt_lock_is_held(mt) 1
193 #define mt_set_external_lock(mt, lock) do { } while (0)
197 * If the tree contains a single entry at index 0, it is usually stored in
198 * tree->ma_root. To optimise for the page cache, an entry which ends in '00',
199 * '01' or '11' is stored in the root, but an entry which ends in '10' will be
200 * stored in a node. Bits 3-6 are used to store enum maple_type.
202 * The flags are used both to store some immutable information about this tree
203 * (set at tree creation time) and dynamic information set under the spinlock.
205 * Another use of flags are to indicate global states of the tree. This is the
206 * case with the MAPLE_USE_RCU flag, which indicates the tree is currently in
207 * RCU mode. This mode was added to allow the tree to reuse nodes instead of
208 * re-allocating and RCU freeing nodes when there is a single user.
213 lockdep_map_p ma_external_lock;
216 unsigned int ma_flags;
220 * MTREE_INIT() - Initialize a maple tree
221 * @name: The maple tree name
222 * @__flags: The maple tree flags
225 #define MTREE_INIT(name, __flags) { \
226 .ma_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED((name).ma_lock), \
227 .ma_flags = __flags, \
232 * MTREE_INIT_EXT() - Initialize a maple tree with an external lock.
233 * @name: The tree name
234 * @__flags: The maple tree flags
235 * @__lock: The external lock
237 #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
238 #define MTREE_INIT_EXT(name, __flags, __lock) { \
239 .ma_external_lock = &(__lock).dep_map, \
240 .ma_flags = (__flags), \
244 #define MTREE_INIT_EXT(name, __flags, __lock) MTREE_INIT(name, __flags)
247 #define DEFINE_MTREE(name) \
248 struct maple_tree name = MTREE_INIT(name, 0)
250 #define mtree_lock(mt) spin_lock((&(mt)->ma_lock))
251 #define mtree_unlock(mt) spin_unlock((&(mt)->ma_lock))
254 * The Maple Tree squeezes various bits in at various points which aren't
255 * necessarily obvious. Usually, this is done by observing that pointers are
256 * N-byte aligned and thus the bottom log_2(N) bits are available for use. We
257 * don't use the high bits of pointers to store additional information because
258 * we don't know what bits are unused on any given architecture.
260 * Nodes are 256 bytes in size and are also aligned to 256 bytes, giving us 8
261 * low bits for our own purposes. Nodes are currently of 4 types:
262 * 1. Single pointer (Range is 0-0)
263 * 2. Non-leaf Allocation Range nodes
264 * 3. Non-leaf Range nodes
265 * 4. Leaf Range nodes All nodes consist of a number of node slots,
266 * pivots, and a parent pointer.
272 struct maple_pnode *parent;
273 void __rcu *slot[MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS];
278 struct maple_enode *piv_parent;
279 unsigned char parent_slot;
280 enum maple_type type;
281 unsigned char slot_len;
282 unsigned int ma_flags;
284 struct maple_range_64 mr64;
285 struct maple_arange_64 ma64;
286 struct maple_alloc alloc;
291 * More complicated stores can cause two nodes to become one or three and
292 * potentially alter the height of the tree. Either half of the tree may need
293 * to be rebalanced against the other. The ma_topiary struct is used to track
294 * which nodes have been 'cut' from the tree so that the change can be done
295 * safely at a later date. This is done to support RCU.
298 struct maple_enode *head;
299 struct maple_enode *tail;
300 struct maple_tree *mtree;
303 void *mtree_load(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index);
305 int mtree_insert(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
306 void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
307 int mtree_insert_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long first,
308 unsigned long last, void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
309 int mtree_alloc_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *startp,
310 void *entry, unsigned long size, unsigned long min,
311 unsigned long max, gfp_t gfp);
312 int mtree_alloc_rrange(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *startp,
313 void *entry, unsigned long size, unsigned long min,
314 unsigned long max, gfp_t gfp);
316 int mtree_store_range(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long first,
317 unsigned long last, void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
318 int mtree_store(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index,
319 void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
320 void *mtree_erase(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index);
322 void mtree_destroy(struct maple_tree *mt);
323 void __mt_destroy(struct maple_tree *mt);
326 * mtree_empty() - Determine if a tree has any present entries.
329 * Context: Any context.
330 * Return: %true if the tree contains only NULL pointers.
332 static inline bool mtree_empty(const struct maple_tree *mt)
334 return mt->ma_root == NULL;
340 * The maple state is defined in the struct ma_state and is used to keep track
341 * of information during operations, and even between operations when using the
344 * If state->node has bit 0 set then it references a tree location which is not
345 * a node (eg the root). If bit 1 is set, the rest of the bits are a negative
346 * errno. Bit 2 (the 'unallocated slots' bit) is clear. Bits 3-6 indicate the
349 * state->alloc either has a request number of nodes or an allocated node. If
350 * stat->alloc has a requested number of nodes, the first bit will be set (0x1)
351 * and the remaining bits are the value. If state->alloc is a node, then the
352 * node will be of type maple_alloc. maple_alloc has MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS - 1 for
353 * storing more allocated nodes, a total number of nodes allocated, and the
354 * node_count in this node. node_count is the number of allocated nodes in this
355 * node. The scaling beyond MAPLE_NODE_SLOTS - 1 is handled by storing further
356 * nodes into state->alloc->slot[0]'s node. Nodes are taken from state->alloc
357 * by removing a node from the state->alloc node until state->alloc->node_count
358 * is 1, when state->alloc is returned and the state->alloc->slot[0] is promoted
359 * to state->alloc. Nodes are pushed onto state->alloc by putting the current
360 * state->alloc into the pushed node's slot[0].
362 * The state also contains the implied min/max of the state->node, the depth of
363 * this search, and the offset. The implied min/max are either from the parent
364 * node or are 0-oo for the root node. The depth is incremented or decremented
365 * every time a node is walked down or up. The offset is the slot/pivot of
366 * interest in the node - either for reading or writing.
368 * When returning a value the maple state index and last respectively contain
369 * the start and end of the range for the entry. Ranges are inclusive in the
373 struct maple_tree *tree; /* The tree we're operating in */
374 unsigned long index; /* The index we're operating on - range start */
375 unsigned long last; /* The last index we're operating on - range end */
376 struct maple_enode *node; /* The node containing this entry */
377 unsigned long min; /* The minimum index of this node - implied pivot min */
378 unsigned long max; /* The maximum index of this node - implied pivot max */
379 struct maple_alloc *alloc; /* Allocated nodes for this operation */
380 unsigned char depth; /* depth of tree descent during write */
381 unsigned char offset;
382 unsigned char mas_flags;
386 struct ma_state *mas;
387 struct maple_node *node; /* Decoded mas->node */
388 unsigned long r_min; /* range min */
389 unsigned long r_max; /* range max */
390 enum maple_type type; /* mas->node type */
391 unsigned char offset_end; /* The offset where the write ends */
392 unsigned char node_end; /* mas->node end */
393 unsigned long *pivots; /* mas->node->pivots pointer */
394 unsigned long end_piv; /* The pivot at the offset end */
395 void __rcu **slots; /* mas->node->slots pointer */
396 void *entry; /* The entry to write */
397 void *content; /* The existing entry that is being overwritten */
400 #define mas_lock(mas) spin_lock(&((mas)->tree->ma_lock))
401 #define mas_unlock(mas) spin_unlock(&((mas)->tree->ma_lock))
405 * Special values for ma_state.node.
406 * MAS_START means we have not searched the tree.
407 * MAS_ROOT means we have searched the tree and the entry we found lives in
408 * the root of the tree (ie it has index 0, length 1 and is the only entry in
410 * MAS_NONE means we have searched the tree and there is no node in the
411 * tree for this entry. For example, we searched for index 1 in an empty
412 * tree. Or we have a tree which points to a full leaf node and we
413 * searched for an entry which is larger than can be contained in that
415 * MA_ERROR represents an errno. After dropping the lock and attempting
416 * to resolve the error, the walk would have to be restarted from the
417 * top of the tree as the tree may have been modified.
419 #define MAS_START ((struct maple_enode *)1UL)
420 #define MAS_ROOT ((struct maple_enode *)5UL)
421 #define MAS_NONE ((struct maple_enode *)9UL)
422 #define MAS_PAUSE ((struct maple_enode *)17UL)
423 #define MA_ERROR(err) \
424 ((struct maple_enode *)(((unsigned long)err << 2) | 2UL))
426 #define MA_STATE(name, mt, first, end) \
427 struct ma_state name = { \
438 #define MA_WR_STATE(name, ma_state, wr_entry) \
439 struct ma_wr_state name = { \
445 #define MA_TOPIARY(name, tree) \
446 struct ma_topiary name = { \
452 void *mas_walk(struct ma_state *mas);
453 void *mas_store(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry);
454 void *mas_erase(struct ma_state *mas);
455 int mas_store_gfp(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry, gfp_t gfp);
456 void mas_store_prealloc(struct ma_state *mas, void *entry);
457 void *mas_find(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
458 void *mas_find_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min);
459 int mas_preallocate(struct ma_state *mas, gfp_t gfp);
460 bool mas_is_err(struct ma_state *mas);
462 bool mas_nomem(struct ma_state *mas, gfp_t gfp);
463 void mas_pause(struct ma_state *mas);
464 void maple_tree_init(void);
465 void mas_destroy(struct ma_state *mas);
466 int mas_expected_entries(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long nr_entries);
468 void *mas_prev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min);
469 void *mas_next(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long max);
471 int mas_empty_area(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min, unsigned long max,
474 static inline void mas_init(struct ma_state *mas, struct maple_tree *tree,
477 memset(mas, 0, sizeof(struct ma_state));
479 mas->index = mas->last = addr;
480 mas->max = ULONG_MAX;
481 mas->node = MAS_START;
484 /* Checks if a mas has not found anything */
485 static inline bool mas_is_none(struct ma_state *mas)
487 return mas->node == MAS_NONE;
490 /* Checks if a mas has been paused */
491 static inline bool mas_is_paused(struct ma_state *mas)
493 return mas->node == MAS_PAUSE;
497 * This finds an empty area from the highest address to the lowest.
498 * AKA "Topdown" version,
500 int mas_empty_area_rev(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long min,
501 unsigned long max, unsigned long size);
503 * mas_reset() - Reset a Maple Tree operation state.
504 * @mas: Maple Tree operation state.
506 * Resets the error or walk state of the @mas so future walks of the
507 * array will start from the root. Use this if you have dropped the
508 * lock and want to reuse the ma_state.
510 * Context: Any context.
512 static inline void mas_reset(struct ma_state *mas)
514 mas->node = MAS_START;
518 * mas_for_each() - Iterate over a range of the maple tree.
519 * @__mas: Maple Tree operation state (maple_state)
520 * @__entry: Entry retrieved from the tree
521 * @__max: maximum index to retrieve from the tree
523 * When returned, mas->index and mas->last will hold the entire range for the
526 * Note: may return the zero entry.
528 #define mas_for_each(__mas, __entry, __max) \
529 while (((__entry) = mas_find((__mas), (__max))) != NULL)
533 * mas_set_range() - Set up Maple Tree operation state for a different index.
534 * @mas: Maple Tree operation state.
535 * @start: New start of range in the Maple Tree.
536 * @last: New end of range in the Maple Tree.
538 * Move the operation state to refer to a different range. This will
539 * have the effect of starting a walk from the top; see mas_next()
540 * to move to an adjacent index.
543 void mas_set_range(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long start, unsigned long last)
547 mas->node = MAS_START;
551 * mas_set() - Set up Maple Tree operation state for a different index.
552 * @mas: Maple Tree operation state.
553 * @index: New index into the Maple Tree.
555 * Move the operation state to refer to a different index. This will
556 * have the effect of starting a walk from the top; see mas_next()
557 * to move to an adjacent index.
559 static inline void mas_set(struct ma_state *mas, unsigned long index)
562 mas_set_range(mas, index, index);
565 static inline bool mt_external_lock(const struct maple_tree *mt)
567 return (mt->ma_flags & MT_FLAGS_LOCK_MASK) == MT_FLAGS_LOCK_EXTERN;
571 * mt_init_flags() - Initialise an empty maple tree with flags.
573 * @flags: maple tree flags.
575 * If you need to initialise a Maple Tree with special flags (eg, an
576 * allocation tree), use this function.
578 * Context: Any context.
580 static inline void mt_init_flags(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned int flags)
582 mt->ma_flags = flags;
583 if (!mt_external_lock(mt))
584 spin_lock_init(&mt->ma_lock);
585 rcu_assign_pointer(mt->ma_root, NULL);
589 * mt_init() - Initialise an empty maple tree.
592 * An empty Maple Tree.
594 * Context: Any context.
596 static inline void mt_init(struct maple_tree *mt)
598 mt_init_flags(mt, 0);
601 static inline bool mt_in_rcu(struct maple_tree *mt)
603 #ifdef CONFIG_MAPLE_RCU_DISABLED
606 return mt->ma_flags & MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
610 * mt_clear_in_rcu() - Switch the tree to non-RCU mode.
611 * @mt: The Maple Tree
613 static inline void mt_clear_in_rcu(struct maple_tree *mt)
618 if (mt_external_lock(mt)) {
619 BUG_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
620 mt->ma_flags &= ~MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
623 mt->ma_flags &= ~MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
629 * mt_set_in_rcu() - Switch the tree to RCU safe mode.
630 * @mt: The Maple Tree
632 static inline void mt_set_in_rcu(struct maple_tree *mt)
637 if (mt_external_lock(mt)) {
638 BUG_ON(!mt_lock_is_held(mt));
639 mt->ma_flags |= MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
642 mt->ma_flags |= MT_FLAGS_USE_RCU;
647 static inline unsigned int mt_height(const struct maple_tree *mt)
649 return (mt->ma_flags & MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_MASK) >> MT_FLAGS_HEIGHT_OFFSET;
652 void *mt_find(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *index, unsigned long max);
653 void *mt_find_after(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long *index,
655 void *mt_prev(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long min);
656 void *mt_next(struct maple_tree *mt, unsigned long index, unsigned long max);
659 * mt_for_each - Iterate over each entry starting at index until max.
660 * @__tree: The Maple Tree
661 * @__entry: The current entry
662 * @__index: The index to update to track the location in the tree
663 * @__max: The maximum limit for @index
665 * Note: Will not return the zero entry.
667 #define mt_for_each(__tree, __entry, __index, __max) \
668 for (__entry = mt_find(__tree, &(__index), __max); \
669 __entry; __entry = mt_find_after(__tree, &(__index), __max))
672 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE
673 extern atomic_t maple_tree_tests_run;
674 extern atomic_t maple_tree_tests_passed;
676 void mt_dump(const struct maple_tree *mt);
677 void mt_validate(struct maple_tree *mt);
678 void mt_cache_shrink(void);
679 #define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x) do { \
680 atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_run); \
682 pr_info("BUG at %s:%d (%u)\n", \
683 __func__, __LINE__, __x); \
685 pr_info("Pass: %u Run:%u\n", \
686 atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_passed), \
687 atomic_read(&maple_tree_tests_run)); \
690 atomic_inc(&maple_tree_tests_passed); \
694 #define MT_BUG_ON(__tree, __x) BUG_ON(__x)
695 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_MAPLE_TREE */
697 #endif /*_LINUX_MAPLE_TREE_H */