1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 //! This file has two components: The raw work item API, and the safe work item API.
7 //! One pattern that is used in both APIs is the `ID` const generic, which exists to allow a single
8 //! type to define multiple `work_struct` fields. This is done by choosing an id for each field,
9 //! and using that id to specify which field you wish to use. (The actual value doesn't matter, as
10 //! long as you use different values for different fields of the same struct.) Since these IDs are
11 //! generic, they are used only at compile-time, so they shouldn't exist in the final binary.
15 //! The raw API consists of the [`RawWorkItem`] trait, where the work item needs to provide an
16 //! arbitrary function that knows how to enqueue the work item. It should usually not be used
17 //! directly, but if you want to, you can use it without using the pieces from the safe API.
21 //! The safe API is used via the [`Work`] struct and [`WorkItem`] traits. Furthermore, it also
22 //! includes a trait called [`WorkItemPointer`], which is usually not used directly by the user.
24 //! * The [`Work`] struct is the Rust wrapper for the C `work_struct` type.
25 //! * The [`WorkItem`] trait is implemented for structs that can be enqueued to a workqueue.
26 //! * The [`WorkItemPointer`] trait is implemented for the pointer type that points at a something
27 //! that implements [`WorkItem`].
31 //! This example defines a struct that holds an integer and can be scheduled on the workqueue. When
32 //! the struct is executed, it will print the integer. Since there is only one `work_struct` field,
33 //! we do not need to specify ids for the fields.
36 //! use kernel::prelude::*;
37 //! use kernel::sync::Arc;
38 //! use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, new_work, Work, WorkItem};
44 //! work: Work<MyStruct>,
48 //! impl HasWork<Self> for MyStruct { self.work }
52 //! fn new(value: i32) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
53 //! Arc::pin_init(pin_init!(MyStruct {
55 //! work <- new_work!("MyStruct::work"),
60 //! impl WorkItem for MyStruct {
61 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
63 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
64 //! pr_info!("The value is: {}", this.value);
68 //! /// This method will enqueue the struct for execution on the system workqueue, where its value
69 //! /// will be printed.
70 //! fn print_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
71 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue(val);
75 //! The following example shows how multiple `work_struct` fields can be used:
78 //! use kernel::prelude::*;
79 //! use kernel::sync::Arc;
80 //! use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, new_work, Work, WorkItem};
87 //! work_1: Work<MyStruct, 1>,
89 //! work_2: Work<MyStruct, 2>,
93 //! impl HasWork<Self, 1> for MyStruct { self.work_1 }
94 //! impl HasWork<Self, 2> for MyStruct { self.work_2 }
98 //! fn new(value_1: i32, value_2: i32) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
99 //! Arc::pin_init(pin_init!(MyStruct {
102 //! work_1 <- new_work!("MyStruct::work_1"),
103 //! work_2 <- new_work!("MyStruct::work_2"),
108 //! impl WorkItem<1> for MyStruct {
109 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
111 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
112 //! pr_info!("The value is: {}", this.value_1);
116 //! impl WorkItem<2> for MyStruct {
117 //! type Pointer = Arc<MyStruct>;
119 //! fn run(this: Arc<MyStruct>) {
120 //! pr_info!("The second value is: {}", this.value_2);
124 //! fn print_1_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
125 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue::<Arc<MyStruct>, 1>(val);
128 //! fn print_2_later(val: Arc<MyStruct>) {
129 //! let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue::<Arc<MyStruct>, 2>(val);
133 //! C header: [`include/linux/workqueue.h`](srctree/include/linux/workqueue.h)
135 use crate::{bindings, prelude::*, sync::Arc, sync::LockClassKey, types::Opaque};
136 use alloc::alloc::AllocError;
137 use alloc::boxed::Box;
138 use core::marker::PhantomData;
141 /// Creates a [`Work`] initialiser with the given name and a newly-created lock class.
143 macro_rules! new_work {
144 ($($name:literal)?) => {
145 $crate::workqueue::Work::new($crate::optional_name!($($name)?), $crate::static_lock_class!())
150 /// A kernel work queue.
152 /// Wraps the kernel's C `struct workqueue_struct`.
154 /// It allows work items to be queued to run on thread pools managed by the kernel. Several are
155 /// always available, for example, `system`, `system_highpri`, `system_long`, etc.
157 pub struct Queue(Opaque<bindings::workqueue_struct>);
159 // SAFETY: Accesses to workqueues used by [`Queue`] are thread-safe.
160 unsafe impl Send for Queue {}
161 // SAFETY: Accesses to workqueues used by [`Queue`] are thread-safe.
162 unsafe impl Sync for Queue {}
165 /// Use the provided `struct workqueue_struct` with Rust.
169 /// The caller must ensure that the provided raw pointer is not dangling, that it points at a
170 /// valid workqueue, and that it remains valid until the end of `'a`.
171 pub unsafe fn from_raw<'a>(ptr: *const bindings::workqueue_struct) -> &'a Queue {
172 // SAFETY: The `Queue` type is `#[repr(transparent)]`, so the pointer cast is valid. The
173 // caller promises that the pointer is not dangling.
174 unsafe { &*(ptr as *const Queue) }
177 /// Enqueues a work item.
179 /// This may fail if the work item is already enqueued in a workqueue.
181 /// The work item will be submitted using `WORK_CPU_UNBOUND`.
182 pub fn enqueue<W, const ID: u64>(&self, w: W) -> W::EnqueueOutput
184 W: RawWorkItem<ID> + Send + 'static,
186 let queue_ptr = self.0.get();
188 // SAFETY: We only return `false` if the `work_struct` is already in a workqueue. The other
189 // `__enqueue` requirements are not relevant since `W` is `Send` and static.
191 // The call to `bindings::queue_work_on` will dereference the provided raw pointer, which
192 // is ok because `__enqueue` guarantees that the pointer is valid for the duration of this
195 // Furthermore, if the C workqueue code accesses the pointer after this call to
196 // `__enqueue`, then the work item was successfully enqueued, and `bindings::queue_work_on`
197 // will have returned true. In this case, `__enqueue` promises that the raw pointer will
198 // stay valid until we call the function pointer in the `work_struct`, so the access is ok.
200 w.__enqueue(move |work_ptr| {
201 bindings::queue_work_on(bindings::WORK_CPU_UNBOUND as _, queue_ptr, work_ptr)
206 /// Tries to spawn the given function or closure as a work item.
208 /// This method can fail because it allocates memory to store the work item.
209 pub fn try_spawn<T: 'static + Send + FnOnce()>(&self, func: T) -> Result<(), AllocError> {
210 let init = pin_init!(ClosureWork {
211 work <- new_work!("Queue::try_spawn"),
215 self.enqueue(Box::pin_init(init).map_err(|_| AllocError)?);
220 /// A helper type used in [`try_spawn`].
222 /// [`try_spawn`]: Queue::try_spawn
224 struct ClosureWork<T> {
226 work: Work<ClosureWork<T>>,
230 impl<T> ClosureWork<T> {
231 fn project(self: Pin<&mut Self>) -> &mut Option<T> {
232 // SAFETY: The `func` field is not structurally pinned.
233 unsafe { &mut self.get_unchecked_mut().func }
237 impl<T: FnOnce()> WorkItem for ClosureWork<T> {
238 type Pointer = Pin<Box<Self>>;
240 fn run(mut this: Pin<Box<Self>>) {
241 if let Some(func) = this.as_mut().project().take() {
249 /// This is the low-level trait that is designed for being as general as possible.
251 /// The `ID` parameter to this trait exists so that a single type can provide multiple
252 /// implementations of this trait. For example, if a struct has multiple `work_struct` fields, then
253 /// you will implement this trait once for each field, using a different id for each field. The
254 /// actual value of the id is not important as long as you use different ids for different fields
255 /// of the same struct. (Fields of different structs need not use different ids.)
257 /// Note that the id is used only to select the right method to call during compilation. It won't be
258 /// part of the final executable.
262 /// Implementers must ensure that any pointers passed to a `queue_work_on` closure by [`__enqueue`]
263 /// remain valid for the duration specified in the guarantees section of the documentation for
266 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
267 pub unsafe trait RawWorkItem<const ID: u64> {
268 /// The return type of [`Queue::enqueue`].
271 /// Enqueues this work item on a queue using the provided `queue_work_on` method.
275 /// If this method calls the provided closure, then the raw pointer is guaranteed to point at a
276 /// valid `work_struct` for the duration of the call to the closure. If the closure returns
277 /// true, then it is further guaranteed that the pointer remains valid until someone calls the
278 /// function pointer stored in the `work_struct`.
282 /// The provided closure may only return `false` if the `work_struct` is already in a workqueue.
284 /// If the work item type is annotated with any lifetimes, then you must not call the function
285 /// pointer after any such lifetime expires. (Never calling the function pointer is okay.)
287 /// If the work item type is not [`Send`], then the function pointer must be called on the same
288 /// thread as the call to `__enqueue`.
289 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
291 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool;
294 /// Defines the method that should be called directly when a work item is executed.
296 /// This trait is implemented by `Pin<Box<T>>` and [`Arc<T>`], and is mainly intended to be
297 /// implemented for smart pointer types. For your own structs, you would implement [`WorkItem`]
298 /// instead. The [`run`] method on this trait will usually just perform the appropriate
299 /// `container_of` translation and then call into the [`run`][WorkItem::run] method from the
300 /// [`WorkItem`] trait.
302 /// This trait is used when the `work_struct` field is defined using the [`Work`] helper.
306 /// Implementers must ensure that [`__enqueue`] uses a `work_struct` initialized with the [`run`]
307 /// method of this trait as the function pointer.
309 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
310 /// [`run`]: WorkItemPointer::run
311 pub unsafe trait WorkItemPointer<const ID: u64>: RawWorkItem<ID> {
312 /// Run this work item.
316 /// The provided `work_struct` pointer must originate from a previous call to [`__enqueue`]
317 /// where the `queue_work_on` closure returned true, and the pointer must still be valid.
319 /// [`__enqueue`]: RawWorkItem::__enqueue
320 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct);
323 /// Defines the method that should be called when this work item is executed.
325 /// This trait is used when the `work_struct` field is defined using the [`Work`] helper.
326 pub trait WorkItem<const ID: u64 = 0> {
327 /// The pointer type that this struct is wrapped in. This will typically be `Arc<Self>` or
328 /// `Pin<Box<Self>>`.
329 type Pointer: WorkItemPointer<ID>;
331 /// The method that should be called when this work item is executed.
332 fn run(this: Self::Pointer);
335 /// Links for a work item.
337 /// This struct contains a function pointer to the [`run`] function from the [`WorkItemPointer`]
338 /// trait, and defines the linked list pointers necessary to enqueue a work item in a workqueue.
340 /// Wraps the kernel's C `struct work_struct`.
342 /// This is a helper type used to associate a `work_struct` with the [`WorkItem`] that uses it.
344 /// [`run`]: WorkItemPointer::run
346 pub struct Work<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64 = 0> {
347 work: Opaque<bindings::work_struct>,
348 _inner: PhantomData<T>,
351 // SAFETY: Kernel work items are usable from any thread.
353 // We do not need to constrain `T` since the work item does not actually contain a `T`.
354 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Send for Work<T, ID> {}
355 // SAFETY: Kernel work items are usable from any thread.
357 // We do not need to constrain `T` since the work item does not actually contain a `T`.
358 unsafe impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Sync for Work<T, ID> {}
360 impl<T: ?Sized, const ID: u64> Work<T, ID> {
361 /// Creates a new instance of [`Work`].
363 #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
364 pub fn new(name: &'static CStr, key: &'static LockClassKey) -> impl PinInit<Self>
368 // SAFETY: The `WorkItemPointer` implementation promises that `run` can be used as the work
371 kernel::init::pin_init_from_closure(move |slot| {
372 let slot = Self::raw_get(slot);
373 bindings::init_work_with_key(
375 Some(T::Pointer::run),
385 /// Get a pointer to the inner `work_struct`.
389 /// The provided pointer must not be dangling and must be properly aligned. (But the memory
390 /// need not be initialized.)
392 pub unsafe fn raw_get(ptr: *const Self) -> *mut bindings::work_struct {
393 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is aligned and not dangling.
395 // A pointer cast would also be ok due to `#[repr(transparent)]`. We use `addr_of!` so that
396 // the compiler does not complain that the `work` field is unused.
397 unsafe { Opaque::raw_get(core::ptr::addr_of!((*ptr).work)) }
401 /// Declares that a type has a [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
403 /// The intended way of using this trait is via the [`impl_has_work!`] macro. You can use the macro
407 /// use kernel::prelude::*;
408 /// use kernel::workqueue::{impl_has_work, Work};
410 /// struct MyWorkItem {
411 /// work_field: Work<MyWorkItem, 1>,
415 /// impl HasWork<MyWorkItem, 1> for MyWorkItem { self.work_field }
419 /// Note that since the [`Work`] type is annotated with an id, you can have several `work_struct`
420 /// fields by using a different id for each one.
424 /// The [`OFFSET`] constant must be the offset of a field in `Self` of type [`Work<T, ID>`]. The
425 /// methods on this trait must have exactly the behavior that the definitions given below have.
427 /// [`impl_has_work!`]: crate::impl_has_work
428 /// [`OFFSET`]: HasWork::OFFSET
429 pub unsafe trait HasWork<T, const ID: u64 = 0> {
430 /// The offset of the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
433 /// Returns the offset of the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
435 /// This method exists because the [`OFFSET`] constant cannot be accessed if the type is not
438 /// [`OFFSET`]: HasWork::OFFSET
440 fn get_work_offset(&self) -> usize {
444 /// Returns a pointer to the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
448 /// The provided pointer must point at a valid struct of type `Self`.
450 unsafe fn raw_get_work(ptr: *mut Self) -> *mut Work<T, ID> {
451 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is valid.
452 unsafe { (ptr as *mut u8).add(Self::OFFSET) as *mut Work<T, ID> }
455 /// Returns a pointer to the struct containing the [`Work<T, ID>`] field.
459 /// The pointer must point at a [`Work<T, ID>`] field in a struct of type `Self`.
461 unsafe fn work_container_of(ptr: *mut Work<T, ID>) -> *mut Self
465 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer points at a field of the right type in the
466 // right kind of struct.
467 unsafe { (ptr as *mut u8).sub(Self::OFFSET) as *mut Self }
471 /// Used to safely implement the [`HasWork<T, ID>`] trait.
476 /// use kernel::sync::Arc;
477 /// use kernel::workqueue::{self, impl_has_work, Work};
479 /// struct MyStruct {
480 /// work_field: Work<MyStruct, 17>,
484 /// impl HasWork<MyStruct, 17> for MyStruct { self.work_field }
488 macro_rules! impl_has_work {
489 ($(impl$(<$($implarg:ident),*>)?
490 HasWork<$work_type:ty $(, $id:tt)?>
491 for $self:ident $(<$($selfarg:ident),*>)?
492 { self.$field:ident }
494 // SAFETY: The implementation of `raw_get_work` only compiles if the field has the right
496 unsafe impl$(<$($implarg),*>)? $crate::workqueue::HasWork<$work_type $(, $id)?> for $self $(<$($selfarg),*>)? {
497 const OFFSET: usize = ::core::mem::offset_of!(Self, $field) as usize;
500 unsafe fn raw_get_work(ptr: *mut Self) -> *mut $crate::workqueue::Work<$work_type $(, $id)?> {
501 // SAFETY: The caller promises that the pointer is not dangling.
503 ::core::ptr::addr_of_mut!((*ptr).$field)
509 pub use impl_has_work;
512 impl<T> HasWork<Self> for ClosureWork<T> { self.work }
515 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> WorkItemPointer<ID> for Arc<T>
517 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
520 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct) {
521 // SAFETY: The `__enqueue` method always uses a `work_struct` stored in a `Work<T, ID>`.
522 let ptr = ptr as *mut Work<T, ID>;
523 // SAFETY: This computes the pointer that `__enqueue` got from `Arc::into_raw`.
524 let ptr = unsafe { T::work_container_of(ptr) };
525 // SAFETY: This pointer comes from `Arc::into_raw` and we've been given back ownership.
526 let arc = unsafe { Arc::from_raw(ptr) };
532 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> RawWorkItem<ID> for Arc<T>
534 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
537 type EnqueueOutput = Result<(), Self>;
539 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
541 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool,
543 // Casting between const and mut is not a problem as long as the pointer is a raw pointer.
544 let ptr = Arc::into_raw(self).cast_mut();
546 // SAFETY: Pointers into an `Arc` point at a valid value.
547 let work_ptr = unsafe { T::raw_get_work(ptr) };
548 // SAFETY: `raw_get_work` returns a pointer to a valid value.
549 let work_ptr = unsafe { Work::raw_get(work_ptr) };
551 if queue_work_on(work_ptr) {
554 // SAFETY: The work queue has not taken ownership of the pointer.
555 Err(unsafe { Arc::from_raw(ptr) })
560 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> WorkItemPointer<ID> for Pin<Box<T>>
562 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
565 unsafe extern "C" fn run(ptr: *mut bindings::work_struct) {
566 // SAFETY: The `__enqueue` method always uses a `work_struct` stored in a `Work<T, ID>`.
567 let ptr = ptr as *mut Work<T, ID>;
568 // SAFETY: This computes the pointer that `__enqueue` got from `Arc::into_raw`.
569 let ptr = unsafe { T::work_container_of(ptr) };
570 // SAFETY: This pointer comes from `Arc::into_raw` and we've been given back ownership.
571 let boxed = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };
572 // SAFETY: The box was already pinned when it was enqueued.
573 let pinned = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(boxed) };
579 unsafe impl<T, const ID: u64> RawWorkItem<ID> for Pin<Box<T>>
581 T: WorkItem<ID, Pointer = Self>,
584 type EnqueueOutput = ();
586 unsafe fn __enqueue<F>(self, queue_work_on: F) -> Self::EnqueueOutput
588 F: FnOnce(*mut bindings::work_struct) -> bool,
590 // SAFETY: We're not going to move `self` or any of its fields, so its okay to temporarily
591 // remove the `Pin` wrapper.
592 let boxed = unsafe { Pin::into_inner_unchecked(self) };
593 let ptr = Box::into_raw(boxed);
595 // SAFETY: Pointers into a `Box` point at a valid value.
596 let work_ptr = unsafe { T::raw_get_work(ptr) };
597 // SAFETY: `raw_get_work` returns a pointer to a valid value.
598 let work_ptr = unsafe { Work::raw_get(work_ptr) };
600 if !queue_work_on(work_ptr) {
601 // SAFETY: This method requires exclusive ownership of the box, so it cannot be in a
603 unsafe { ::core::hint::unreachable_unchecked() }
608 /// Returns the system work queue (`system_wq`).
610 /// It is the one used by `schedule[_delayed]_work[_on]()`. Multi-CPU multi-threaded. There are
611 /// users which expect relatively short queue flush time.
613 /// Callers shouldn't queue work items which can run for too long.
614 pub fn system() -> &'static Queue {
615 // SAFETY: `system_wq` is a C global, always available.
616 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_wq) }
619 /// Returns the system high-priority work queue (`system_highpri_wq`).
621 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system`] but for work items which require higher
622 /// scheduling priority.
623 pub fn system_highpri() -> &'static Queue {
624 // SAFETY: `system_highpri_wq` is a C global, always available.
625 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_highpri_wq) }
628 /// Returns the system work queue for potentially long-running work items (`system_long_wq`).
630 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system`] but may host long running work items. Queue
631 /// flushing might take relatively long.
632 pub fn system_long() -> &'static Queue {
633 // SAFETY: `system_long_wq` is a C global, always available.
634 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_long_wq) }
637 /// Returns the system unbound work queue (`system_unbound_wq`).
639 /// Workers are not bound to any specific CPU, not concurrency managed, and all queued work items
640 /// are executed immediately as long as `max_active` limit is not reached and resources are
642 pub fn system_unbound() -> &'static Queue {
643 // SAFETY: `system_unbound_wq` is a C global, always available.
644 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_unbound_wq) }
647 /// Returns the system freezable work queue (`system_freezable_wq`).
649 /// It is equivalent to the one returned by [`system`] except that it's freezable.
651 /// A freezable workqueue participates in the freeze phase of the system suspend operations. Work
652 /// items on the workqueue are drained and no new work item starts execution until thawed.
653 pub fn system_freezable() -> &'static Queue {
654 // SAFETY: `system_freezable_wq` is a C global, always available.
655 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_freezable_wq) }
658 /// Returns the system power-efficient work queue (`system_power_efficient_wq`).
660 /// It is inclined towards saving power and is converted to "unbound" variants if the
661 /// `workqueue.power_efficient` kernel parameter is specified; otherwise, it is similar to the one
662 /// returned by [`system`].
663 pub fn system_power_efficient() -> &'static Queue {
664 // SAFETY: `system_power_efficient_wq` is a C global, always available.
665 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_power_efficient_wq) }
668 /// Returns the system freezable power-efficient work queue (`system_freezable_power_efficient_wq`).
670 /// It is similar to the one returned by [`system_power_efficient`] except that is freezable.
672 /// A freezable workqueue participates in the freeze phase of the system suspend operations. Work
673 /// items on the workqueue are drained and no new work item starts execution until thawed.
674 pub fn system_freezable_power_efficient() -> &'static Queue {
675 // SAFETY: `system_freezable_power_efficient_wq` is a C global, always available.
676 unsafe { Queue::from_raw(bindings::system_freezable_power_efficient_wq) }