2 * Copyright 2012 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
4 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
5 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
6 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
7 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
8 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
9 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
11 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
12 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
14 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
15 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
16 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
17 * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER(S) OR AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
18 * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
19 * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
20 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
23 #ifndef __AMDGPU_UCODE_H__
24 #define __AMDGPU_UCODE_H__
26 #include "amdgpu_socbb.h"
28 struct common_firmware_header {
29 uint32_t size_bytes; /* size of the entire header+image(s) in bytes */
30 uint32_t header_size_bytes; /* size of just the header in bytes */
31 uint16_t header_version_major; /* header version */
32 uint16_t header_version_minor; /* header version */
33 uint16_t ip_version_major; /* IP version */
34 uint16_t ip_version_minor; /* IP version */
35 uint32_t ucode_version;
36 uint32_t ucode_size_bytes; /* size of ucode in bytes */
37 uint32_t ucode_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
38 uint32_t crc32; /* crc32 checksum of the payload */
41 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
42 struct mc_firmware_header_v1_0 {
43 struct common_firmware_header header;
44 uint32_t io_debug_size_bytes; /* size of debug array in dwords */
45 uint32_t io_debug_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
48 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
49 struct smc_firmware_header_v1_0 {
50 struct common_firmware_header header;
51 uint32_t ucode_start_addr;
54 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
55 struct smc_firmware_header_v2_0 {
56 struct smc_firmware_header_v1_0 v1_0;
57 uint32_t ppt_offset_bytes; /* soft pptable offset */
58 uint32_t ppt_size_bytes; /* soft pptable size */
61 struct smc_soft_pptable_entry {
63 uint32_t ppt_offset_bytes;
64 uint32_t ppt_size_bytes;
67 /* version_major=2, version_minor=1 */
68 struct smc_firmware_header_v2_1 {
69 struct smc_firmware_header_v1_0 v1_0;
70 uint32_t pptable_count;
71 uint32_t pptable_entry_offset;
74 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc {
76 uint32_t offset_bytes;
80 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
81 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_0 {
82 struct common_firmware_header header;
83 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc sos;
86 /* version_major=1, version_minor=1 */
87 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_1 {
88 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_0 v1_0;
89 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc toc;
90 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc kdb;
93 /* version_major=1, version_minor=2 */
94 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_2 {
95 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_0 v1_0;
96 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc res;
97 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc kdb;
100 /* version_major=1, version_minor=3 */
101 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_3 {
102 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_1 v1_1;
103 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc spl;
104 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc rl;
105 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc sys_drv_aux;
106 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc sos_aux;
109 struct psp_fw_bin_desc {
112 uint32_t offset_bytes;
119 PSP_FW_TYPE_PSP_SYS_DRV,
124 PSP_FW_TYPE_PSP_SOC_DRV,
125 PSP_FW_TYPE_PSP_INTF_DRV,
126 PSP_FW_TYPE_PSP_DBG_DRV,
127 PSP_FW_TYPE_PSP_RAS_DRV,
130 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
131 struct psp_firmware_header_v2_0 {
132 struct common_firmware_header header;
133 uint32_t psp_fw_bin_count;
134 struct psp_fw_bin_desc psp_fw_bin[];
137 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
138 struct ta_firmware_header_v1_0 {
139 struct common_firmware_header header;
140 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc xgmi;
141 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc ras;
142 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc hdcp;
143 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc dtm;
144 struct psp_fw_legacy_bin_desc securedisplay;
155 TA_FW_TYPE_PSP_SECUREDISPLAY,
156 TA_FW_TYPE_MAX_INDEX,
159 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
160 struct ta_firmware_header_v2_0 {
161 struct common_firmware_header header;
162 uint32_t ta_fw_bin_count;
163 struct psp_fw_bin_desc ta_fw_bin[];
166 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
167 struct gfx_firmware_header_v1_0 {
168 struct common_firmware_header header;
169 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
170 uint32_t jt_offset; /* jt location */
171 uint32_t jt_size; /* size of jt */
174 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
175 struct gfx_firmware_header_v2_0 {
176 struct common_firmware_header header;
177 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
178 uint32_t ucode_size_bytes;
179 uint32_t ucode_offset_bytes;
180 uint32_t data_size_bytes;
181 uint32_t data_offset_bytes;
182 uint32_t ucode_start_addr_lo;
183 uint32_t ucode_start_addr_hi;
186 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
187 struct mes_firmware_header_v1_0 {
188 struct common_firmware_header header;
189 uint32_t mes_ucode_version;
190 uint32_t mes_ucode_size_bytes;
191 uint32_t mes_ucode_offset_bytes;
192 uint32_t mes_ucode_data_version;
193 uint32_t mes_ucode_data_size_bytes;
194 uint32_t mes_ucode_data_offset_bytes;
195 uint32_t mes_uc_start_addr_lo;
196 uint32_t mes_uc_start_addr_hi;
197 uint32_t mes_data_start_addr_lo;
198 uint32_t mes_data_start_addr_hi;
201 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
202 struct rlc_firmware_header_v1_0 {
203 struct common_firmware_header header;
204 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
205 uint32_t save_and_restore_offset;
206 uint32_t clear_state_descriptor_offset;
207 uint32_t avail_scratch_ram_locations;
208 uint32_t master_pkt_description_offset;
211 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
212 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_0 {
213 struct common_firmware_header header;
214 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
215 uint32_t jt_offset; /* jt location */
216 uint32_t jt_size; /* size of jt */
217 uint32_t save_and_restore_offset;
218 uint32_t clear_state_descriptor_offset;
219 uint32_t avail_scratch_ram_locations;
220 uint32_t reg_restore_list_size;
221 uint32_t reg_list_format_start;
222 uint32_t reg_list_format_separate_start;
223 uint32_t starting_offsets_start;
224 uint32_t reg_list_format_size_bytes; /* size of reg list format array in bytes */
225 uint32_t reg_list_format_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
226 uint32_t reg_list_size_bytes; /* size of reg list array in bytes */
227 uint32_t reg_list_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
228 uint32_t reg_list_format_separate_size_bytes; /* size of reg list format array in bytes */
229 uint32_t reg_list_format_separate_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
230 uint32_t reg_list_separate_size_bytes; /* size of reg list array in bytes */
231 uint32_t reg_list_separate_array_offset_bytes; /* payload offset from the start of the header */
234 /* version_major=2, version_minor=1 */
235 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_1 {
236 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_0 v2_0;
237 uint32_t reg_list_format_direct_reg_list_length; /* length of direct reg list format array */
238 uint32_t save_restore_list_cntl_ucode_ver;
239 uint32_t save_restore_list_cntl_feature_ver;
240 uint32_t save_restore_list_cntl_size_bytes;
241 uint32_t save_restore_list_cntl_offset_bytes;
242 uint32_t save_restore_list_gpm_ucode_ver;
243 uint32_t save_restore_list_gpm_feature_ver;
244 uint32_t save_restore_list_gpm_size_bytes;
245 uint32_t save_restore_list_gpm_offset_bytes;
246 uint32_t save_restore_list_srm_ucode_ver;
247 uint32_t save_restore_list_srm_feature_ver;
248 uint32_t save_restore_list_srm_size_bytes;
249 uint32_t save_restore_list_srm_offset_bytes;
252 /* version_major=2, version_minor=2 */
253 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_2 {
254 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_1 v2_1;
255 uint32_t rlc_iram_ucode_size_bytes;
256 uint32_t rlc_iram_ucode_offset_bytes;
257 uint32_t rlc_dram_ucode_size_bytes;
258 uint32_t rlc_dram_ucode_offset_bytes;
261 /* version_major=2, version_minor=3 */
262 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_3 {
263 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_2 v2_2;
264 uint32_t rlcp_ucode_version;
265 uint32_t rlcp_ucode_feature_version;
266 uint32_t rlcp_ucode_size_bytes;
267 uint32_t rlcp_ucode_offset_bytes;
268 uint32_t rlcv_ucode_version;
269 uint32_t rlcv_ucode_feature_version;
270 uint32_t rlcv_ucode_size_bytes;
271 uint32_t rlcv_ucode_offset_bytes;
274 /* version_major=2, version_minor=4 */
275 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_4 {
276 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_3 v2_3;
277 uint32_t global_tap_delays_ucode_size_bytes;
278 uint32_t global_tap_delays_ucode_offset_bytes;
279 uint32_t se0_tap_delays_ucode_size_bytes;
280 uint32_t se0_tap_delays_ucode_offset_bytes;
281 uint32_t se1_tap_delays_ucode_size_bytes;
282 uint32_t se1_tap_delays_ucode_offset_bytes;
283 uint32_t se2_tap_delays_ucode_size_bytes;
284 uint32_t se2_tap_delays_ucode_offset_bytes;
285 uint32_t se3_tap_delays_ucode_size_bytes;
286 uint32_t se3_tap_delays_ucode_offset_bytes;
289 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
290 struct sdma_firmware_header_v1_0 {
291 struct common_firmware_header header;
292 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
293 uint32_t ucode_change_version;
294 uint32_t jt_offset; /* jt location */
295 uint32_t jt_size; /* size of jt */
298 /* version_major=1, version_minor=1 */
299 struct sdma_firmware_header_v1_1 {
300 struct sdma_firmware_header_v1_0 v1_0;
301 uint32_t digest_size;
304 /* version_major=2, version_minor=0 */
305 struct sdma_firmware_header_v2_0 {
306 struct common_firmware_header header;
307 uint32_t ucode_feature_version;
308 uint32_t ctx_ucode_size_bytes; /* context thread ucode size */
309 uint32_t ctx_jt_offset; /* context thread jt location */
310 uint32_t ctx_jt_size; /* context thread size of jt */
311 uint32_t ctl_ucode_offset;
312 uint32_t ctl_ucode_size_bytes; /* control thread ucode size */
313 uint32_t ctl_jt_offset; /* control thread jt location */
314 uint32_t ctl_jt_size; /* control thread size of jt */
317 /* gpu info payload */
318 struct gpu_info_firmware_v1_0 {
320 uint32_t gc_num_cu_per_sh;
321 uint32_t gc_num_sh_per_se;
322 uint32_t gc_num_rb_per_se;
323 uint32_t gc_num_tccs;
324 uint32_t gc_num_gprs;
325 uint32_t gc_num_max_gs_thds;
326 uint32_t gc_gs_table_depth;
327 uint32_t gc_gsprim_buff_depth;
328 uint32_t gc_parameter_cache_depth;
329 uint32_t gc_double_offchip_lds_buffer;
330 uint32_t gc_wave_size;
331 uint32_t gc_max_waves_per_simd;
332 uint32_t gc_max_scratch_slots_per_cu;
333 uint32_t gc_lds_size;
336 struct gpu_info_firmware_v1_1 {
337 struct gpu_info_firmware_v1_0 v1_0;
338 uint32_t num_sc_per_sh;
339 uint32_t num_packer_per_sc;
343 * version_major=1, version_minor=1 */
344 struct gpu_info_firmware_v1_2 {
345 struct gpu_info_firmware_v1_1 v1_1;
346 struct gpu_info_soc_bounding_box_v1_0 soc_bounding_box;
349 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
350 struct gpu_info_firmware_header_v1_0 {
351 struct common_firmware_header header;
352 uint16_t version_major; /* version */
353 uint16_t version_minor; /* version */
356 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
357 struct dmcu_firmware_header_v1_0 {
358 struct common_firmware_header header;
359 uint32_t intv_offset_bytes; /* interrupt vectors offset from end of header, in bytes */
360 uint32_t intv_size_bytes; /* size of interrupt vectors, in bytes */
363 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
364 struct dmcub_firmware_header_v1_0 {
365 struct common_firmware_header header;
366 uint32_t inst_const_bytes; /* size of instruction region, in bytes */
367 uint32_t bss_data_bytes; /* size of bss/data region, in bytes */
370 /* version_major=1, version_minor=0 */
371 struct imu_firmware_header_v1_0 {
372 struct common_firmware_header header;
373 uint32_t imu_iram_ucode_size_bytes;
374 uint32_t imu_iram_ucode_offset_bytes;
375 uint32_t imu_dram_ucode_size_bytes;
376 uint32_t imu_dram_ucode_offset_bytes;
379 /* header is fixed size */
380 union amdgpu_firmware_header {
381 struct common_firmware_header common;
382 struct mc_firmware_header_v1_0 mc;
383 struct smc_firmware_header_v1_0 smc;
384 struct smc_firmware_header_v2_0 smc_v2_0;
385 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_0 psp;
386 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_1 psp_v1_1;
387 struct psp_firmware_header_v1_3 psp_v1_3;
388 struct psp_firmware_header_v2_0 psp_v2_0;
389 struct ta_firmware_header_v1_0 ta;
390 struct ta_firmware_header_v2_0 ta_v2_0;
391 struct gfx_firmware_header_v1_0 gfx;
392 struct gfx_firmware_header_v2_0 gfx_v2_0;
393 struct rlc_firmware_header_v1_0 rlc;
394 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_0 rlc_v2_0;
395 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_1 rlc_v2_1;
396 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_2 rlc_v2_2;
397 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_3 rlc_v2_3;
398 struct rlc_firmware_header_v2_4 rlc_v2_4;
399 struct sdma_firmware_header_v1_0 sdma;
400 struct sdma_firmware_header_v1_1 sdma_v1_1;
401 struct sdma_firmware_header_v2_0 sdma_v2_0;
402 struct gpu_info_firmware_header_v1_0 gpu_info;
403 struct dmcu_firmware_header_v1_0 dmcu;
404 struct dmcub_firmware_header_v1_0 dmcub;
405 struct imu_firmware_header_v1_0 imu;
409 #define UCODE_MAX_PSP_PACKAGING ((sizeof(union amdgpu_firmware_header) - sizeof(struct common_firmware_header) - 4) / sizeof(struct psp_fw_bin_desc))
414 enum AMDGPU_UCODE_ID {
415 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CAP = 0,
416 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA0,
417 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA1,
418 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA2,
419 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA3,
420 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA4,
421 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA5,
422 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA6,
423 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA7,
424 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA_UCODE_TH0,
425 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SDMA_UCODE_TH1,
426 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_CE,
427 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_PFP,
428 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_ME,
429 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_PFP,
430 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_ME,
431 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_MEC,
432 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_PFP_P0_STACK,
433 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_PFP_P1_STACK,
434 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_ME_P0_STACK,
435 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_ME_P1_STACK,
436 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_MEC_P0_STACK,
437 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_MEC_P1_STACK,
438 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_MEC_P2_STACK,
439 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_RS64_MEC_P3_STACK,
440 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MEC1,
441 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MEC1_JT,
442 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MEC2,
443 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MEC2_JT,
444 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MES,
445 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MES_DATA,
446 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MES1,
447 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_CP_MES1_DATA,
448 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_IMU_I,
449 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_IMU_D,
450 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_GLOBAL_TAP_DELAYS,
451 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SE0_TAP_DELAYS,
452 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SE1_TAP_DELAYS,
453 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SE2_TAP_DELAYS,
454 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_SE3_TAP_DELAYS,
455 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_RESTORE_LIST_CNTL,
456 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_RESTORE_LIST_GPM_MEM,
457 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_RESTORE_LIST_SRM_MEM,
458 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_IRAM,
459 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_DRAM,
460 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_P,
461 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_V,
462 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_RLC_G,
463 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_STORAGE,
465 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_PPTABLE,
467 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_UVD1,
470 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_VCN1,
471 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_DMCU_ERAM,
472 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_DMCU_INTV,
473 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_VCN0_RAM,
474 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_VCN1_RAM,
475 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_DMCUB,
476 AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_MAXIMUM,
479 /* engine firmware status */
480 enum AMDGPU_UCODE_STATUS {
481 AMDGPU_UCODE_STATUS_INVALID,
482 AMDGPU_UCODE_STATUS_NOT_LOADED,
483 AMDGPU_UCODE_STATUS_LOADED,
486 enum amdgpu_firmware_load_type {
487 AMDGPU_FW_LOAD_DIRECT = 0,
490 AMDGPU_FW_LOAD_RLC_BACKDOOR_AUTO,
493 /* conform to smu_ucode_xfer_cz.h */
494 #define AMDGPU_SDMA0_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000001
495 #define AMDGPU_SDMA1_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000002
496 #define AMDGPU_CPCE_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000004
497 #define AMDGPU_CPPFP_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000008
498 #define AMDGPU_CPME_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000010
499 #define AMDGPU_CPMEC1_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000020
500 #define AMDGPU_CPMEC2_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000040
501 #define AMDGPU_CPRLC_UCODE_LOADED 0x00000100
503 /* amdgpu firmware info */
504 struct amdgpu_firmware_info {
506 enum AMDGPU_UCODE_ID ucode_id;
507 /* request_firmware */
508 const struct firmware *fw;
509 /* starting mc address */
511 /* kernel linear address */
513 /* ucode_size_bytes */
515 /* starting tmr mc address */
516 uint32_t tmr_mc_addr_lo;
517 uint32_t tmr_mc_addr_hi;
520 struct amdgpu_firmware {
521 struct amdgpu_firmware_info ucode[AMDGPU_UCODE_ID_MAXIMUM];
522 enum amdgpu_firmware_load_type load_type;
523 struct amdgpu_bo *fw_buf;
524 unsigned int fw_size;
525 unsigned int max_ucodes;
526 /* firmwares are loaded by psp instead of smu from vega10 */
527 const struct amdgpu_psp_funcs *funcs;
528 struct amdgpu_bo *rbuf;
531 /* gpu info firmware data pointer */
532 const struct firmware *gpu_info_fw;
538 void amdgpu_ucode_print_mc_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
539 void amdgpu_ucode_print_smc_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
540 void amdgpu_ucode_print_gfx_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
541 void amdgpu_ucode_print_rlc_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
542 void amdgpu_ucode_print_sdma_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
543 void amdgpu_ucode_print_psp_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
544 void amdgpu_ucode_print_gpu_info_hdr(const struct common_firmware_header *hdr);
545 int amdgpu_ucode_validate(const struct firmware *fw);
546 bool amdgpu_ucode_hdr_version(union amdgpu_firmware_header *hdr,
547 uint16_t hdr_major, uint16_t hdr_minor);
549 int amdgpu_ucode_init_bo(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
550 int amdgpu_ucode_create_bo(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
551 int amdgpu_ucode_sysfs_init(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
552 void amdgpu_ucode_free_bo(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
553 void amdgpu_ucode_sysfs_fini(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
555 enum amdgpu_firmware_load_type
556 amdgpu_ucode_get_load_type(struct amdgpu_device *adev, int load_type);
558 const char *amdgpu_ucode_name(enum AMDGPU_UCODE_ID ucode_id);
560 void amdgpu_ucode_ip_version_decode(struct amdgpu_device *adev, int block_type, char *ucode_prefix, int len);