1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 * GK 2/5/95 - Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
8 * Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
9 * Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
13 #define DEBUG /* Enable initcall_debug */
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/extable.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
19 #include <linux/binfmts.h>
20 #include <linux/kernel.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/stackprotector.h>
23 #include <linux/string.h>
24 #include <linux/ctype.h>
25 #include <linux/delay.h>
26 #include <linux/ioport.h>
27 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/initrd.h>
29 #include <linux/memblock.h>
30 #include <linux/acpi.h>
31 #include <linux/bootconfig.h>
32 #include <linux/console.h>
33 #include <linux/nmi.h>
34 #include <linux/percpu.h>
35 #include <linux/kmod.h>
36 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
37 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
38 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
39 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
40 #include <linux/security.h>
41 #include <linux/smp.h>
42 #include <linux/profile.h>
43 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
44 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
45 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
46 #include <linux/writeback.h>
47 #include <linux/cpu.h>
48 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
49 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
50 #include <linux/efi.h>
51 #include <linux/tick.h>
52 #include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
53 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
54 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
55 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
56 #include <linux/unistd.h>
57 #include <linux/utsname.h>
58 #include <linux/rmap.h>
59 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
60 #include <linux/key.h>
61 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
62 #include <linux/page_ext.h>
63 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
64 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
65 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
66 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
67 #include <linux/padata.h>
68 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
69 #include <linux/device/driver.h>
70 #include <linux/kthread.h>
71 #include <linux/sched.h>
72 #include <linux/sched/init.h>
73 #include <linux/signal.h>
74 #include <linux/idr.h>
75 #include <linux/kgdb.h>
76 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
77 #include <linux/async.h>
78 #include <linux/sfi.h>
79 #include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
80 #include <linux/slab.h>
81 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
82 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
83 #include <linux/pti.h>
84 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
85 #include <linux/elevator.h>
86 #include <linux/sched/clock.h>
87 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
88 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
89 #include <linux/context_tracking.h>
90 #include <linux/random.h>
91 #include <linux/list.h>
92 #include <linux/integrity.h>
93 #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
95 #include <linux/cache.h>
96 #include <linux/rodata_test.h>
97 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
98 #include <linux/mem_encrypt.h>
99 #include <linux/kcsan.h>
100 #include <linux/init_syscalls.h>
103 #include <asm/bugs.h>
104 #include <asm/setup.h>
105 #include <asm/sections.h>
106 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
108 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
109 #include <trace/events/initcall.h>
111 static int kernel_init(void *);
113 extern void init_IRQ(void);
114 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
117 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
118 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled. This means
119 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
120 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
123 bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;
125 enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;
126 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
129 * Boot command-line arguments
131 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
132 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
134 extern void time_init(void);
135 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
136 void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);
138 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
139 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
140 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
141 char *saved_command_line;
142 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
143 static char *static_command_line;
144 /* Untouched extra command line */
145 static char *extra_command_line;
146 /* Extra init arguments */
147 static char *extra_init_args;
149 #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
150 /* Is bootconfig on command line? */
151 static bool bootconfig_found;
152 static bool initargs_found;
154 # define bootconfig_found false
155 # define initargs_found false
158 static char *execute_command;
159 static char *ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
162 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
163 * before jump_label_init is called.
165 bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;
166 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);
169 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
170 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
171 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
173 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
174 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
175 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
177 unsigned int reset_devices;
178 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
180 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
186 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
188 static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
189 const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
190 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
192 extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
194 static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
196 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
197 bool had_early_param = false;
201 int n = strlen(p->str);
202 if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
204 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
205 * (Needs exact match on param part).
206 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
207 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
208 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
209 had_early_param = true;
210 } else if (!p->setup_func) {
211 pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
214 } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
218 } while (p < __setup_end);
220 return had_early_param;
224 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
225 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
227 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
228 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
230 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
232 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
236 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
238 console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
242 early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
243 early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);
245 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
250 * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
251 * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
252 * are quite hard to debug
254 if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
255 console_loglevel = newlevel;
262 early_param("loglevel", loglevel);
264 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
265 static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum)
274 data = (char *)initrd_end - BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN;
275 if (memcmp(data, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC, BOOTCONFIG_MAGIC_LEN))
278 hdr = (u32 *)(data - 8);
282 data = ((void *)hdr) - size;
283 if ((unsigned long)data < initrd_start) {
284 pr_err("bootconfig size %d is greater than initrd size %ld\n",
285 size, initrd_end - initrd_start);
289 /* Remove bootconfig from initramfs/initrd */
290 initrd_end = (unsigned long)data;
299 static void * __init get_boot_config_from_initrd(u32 *_size, u32 *_csum)
305 #ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG
307 static char xbc_namebuf[XBC_KEYLEN_MAX] __initdata;
309 #define rest(dst, end) ((end) > (dst) ? (end) - (dst) : 0)
311 static int __init xbc_snprint_cmdline(char *buf, size_t size,
312 struct xbc_node *root)
314 struct xbc_node *knode, *vnode;
315 char *end = buf + size;
319 xbc_node_for_each_key_value(root, knode, val) {
320 ret = xbc_node_compose_key_after(root, knode,
321 xbc_namebuf, XBC_KEYLEN_MAX);
325 vnode = xbc_node_get_child(knode);
327 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s ", xbc_namebuf);
333 xbc_array_for_each_value(vnode, val) {
334 ret = snprintf(buf, rest(buf, end), "%s=\"%s\" ",
342 return buf - (end - size);
346 /* Make an extra command line under given key word */
347 static char * __init xbc_make_cmdline(const char *key)
349 struct xbc_node *root;
353 root = xbc_find_node(key);
357 /* Count required buffer size */
358 len = xbc_snprint_cmdline(NULL, 0, root);
362 new_cmdline = memblock_alloc(len + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
364 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for extra kernel cmdline.\n");
368 ret = xbc_snprint_cmdline(new_cmdline, len + 1, root);
369 if (ret < 0 || ret > len) {
370 pr_err("Failed to print extra kernel cmdline.\n");
377 static u32 boot_config_checksum(unsigned char *p, u32 size)
387 static int __init bootconfig_params(char *param, char *val,
388 const char *unused, void *arg)
390 if (strcmp(param, "bootconfig") == 0) {
391 bootconfig_found = true;
396 static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline)
398 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
402 char *data, *copy, *err;
405 /* Cut out the bootconfig data even if we have no bootconfig option */
406 data = get_boot_config_from_initrd(&size, &csum);
408 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
409 err = parse_args("bootconfig", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
412 if (IS_ERR(err) || !bootconfig_found)
415 /* parse_args() stops at '--' and returns an address */
417 initargs_found = true;
420 pr_err("'bootconfig' found on command line, but no bootconfig found\n");
424 if (size >= XBC_DATA_MAX) {
425 pr_err("bootconfig size %d greater than max size %d\n",
430 if (boot_config_checksum((unsigned char *)data, size) != csum) {
431 pr_err("bootconfig checksum failed\n");
435 copy = memblock_alloc(size + 1, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
437 pr_err("Failed to allocate memory for bootconfig\n");
441 memcpy(copy, data, size);
444 ret = xbc_init(copy, &msg, &pos);
447 pr_err("Failed to init bootconfig: %s.\n", msg);
449 pr_err("Failed to parse bootconfig: %s at %d.\n",
452 pr_info("Load bootconfig: %d bytes %d nodes\n", size, ret);
453 /* keys starting with "kernel." are passed via cmdline */
454 extra_command_line = xbc_make_cmdline("kernel");
455 /* Also, "init." keys are init arguments */
456 extra_init_args = xbc_make_cmdline("init");
463 static void __init setup_boot_config(const char *cmdline)
465 /* Remove bootconfig data from initrd */
466 get_boot_config_from_initrd(NULL, NULL);
469 static int __init warn_bootconfig(char *str)
471 pr_warn("WARNING: 'bootconfig' found on the kernel command line but CONFIG_BOOTCONFIG is not set.\n");
474 early_param("bootconfig", warn_bootconfig);
478 /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
479 static void __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val)
482 /* param=val or param="val"? */
483 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
485 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
487 memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
493 /* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */
494 static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
495 const char *unused, void *arg)
502 repair_env_string(param, val);
504 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
505 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
506 panic_later = "init";
511 argv_init[i] = param;
516 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
517 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
519 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
520 const char *unused, void *arg)
522 size_t len = strlen(param);
524 repair_env_string(param, val);
526 /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
527 if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
530 /* Unused module parameter. */
531 if (strnchr(param, len, '.'))
538 /* Environment option */
540 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
541 if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
545 if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], len+1))
548 envp_init[i] = param;
550 /* Command line option */
552 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
553 if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
554 panic_later = "init";
558 argv_init[i] = param;
563 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
567 execute_command = str;
569 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
570 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
571 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
572 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
574 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
578 __setup("init=", init_setup);
580 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
584 ramdisk_execute_command = str;
585 /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
586 for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
590 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
593 static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
594 static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }
595 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
599 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
600 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
601 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
602 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
604 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
606 size_t len, xlen = 0, ilen = 0;
608 if (extra_command_line)
609 xlen = strlen(extra_command_line);
611 ilen = strlen(extra_init_args) + 4; /* for " -- " */
613 len = xlen + strlen(boot_command_line) + 1;
615 saved_command_line = memblock_alloc(len + ilen, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
616 if (!saved_command_line)
617 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len + ilen);
619 static_command_line = memblock_alloc(len, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
620 if (!static_command_line)
621 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
625 * We have to put extra_command_line before boot command
626 * lines because there could be dashes (separator of init
627 * command line) in the command lines.
629 strcpy(saved_command_line, extra_command_line);
630 strcpy(static_command_line, extra_command_line);
632 strcpy(saved_command_line + xlen, boot_command_line);
633 strcpy(static_command_line + xlen, command_line);
637 * Append supplemental init boot args to saved_command_line
638 * so that user can check what command line options passed
641 len = strlen(saved_command_line);
642 if (initargs_found) {
643 saved_command_line[len++] = ' ';
645 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, " -- ");
649 strcpy(saved_command_line + len, extra_init_args);
654 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
655 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
656 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
659 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
662 static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);
664 noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
666 struct task_struct *tsk;
669 rcu_scheduler_starting();
671 * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
672 * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
673 * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
675 pid = kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
677 * Pin init on the boot CPU. Task migration is not properly working
678 * until sched_init_smp() has been run. It will set the allowed
679 * CPUs for init to the non isolated CPUs.
682 tsk = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
683 set_cpus_allowed_ptr(tsk, cpumask_of(smp_processor_id()));
686 numa_default_policy();
687 pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
689 kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
693 * Enable might_sleep() and smp_processor_id() checks.
694 * They cannot be enabled earlier because with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y
695 * kernel_thread() would trigger might_sleep() splats. With
696 * CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY=y the init task might have scheduled
697 * already, but it's stuck on the kthreadd_done completion.
699 system_state = SYSTEM_SCHEDULING;
701 complete(&kthreadd_done);
704 * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
705 * at least once to get things moving:
707 schedule_preempt_disabled();
708 /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
709 cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
712 /* Check for early params. */
713 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
714 const char *unused, void *arg)
716 const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
718 for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
719 if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
720 (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
721 strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
723 if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
724 pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
727 /* We accept everything at this stage. */
731 void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
733 parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
737 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
738 void __init parse_early_param(void)
740 static int done __initdata;
741 static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;
746 /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
747 strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
748 parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
752 void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }
754 void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
758 # if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE
759 void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
764 void __init __weak mem_encrypt_init(void) { }
766 void __init __weak poking_init(void) { }
768 void __init __weak pgtable_cache_init(void) { }
771 core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);
773 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
774 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void);
776 static inline void initcall_debug_enable(void)
781 /* Report memory auto-initialization states for this boot. */
782 static void __init report_meminit(void)
786 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN))
787 stack = "all(pattern)";
788 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO))
790 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL))
791 stack = "byref_all(zero)";
792 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF))
793 stack = "byref(zero)";
794 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER))
795 stack = "__user(zero)";
799 pr_info("mem auto-init: stack:%s, heap alloc:%s, heap free:%s\n",
800 stack, want_init_on_alloc(GFP_KERNEL) ? "on" : "off",
801 want_init_on_free() ? "on" : "off");
802 if (want_init_on_free())
803 pr_info("mem auto-init: clearing system memory may take some time...\n");
807 * Set up kernel memory allocators
809 static void __init mm_init(void)
812 * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
813 * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
815 page_ext_init_flatmem();
816 init_debug_pagealloc();
822 debug_objects_mem_init();
825 /* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
827 /* Should be run after espfix64 is set up. */
831 void __init __weak arch_call_rest_init(void)
836 asmlinkage __visible void __init __no_sanitize_address start_kernel(void)
841 set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
842 smp_setup_processor_id();
843 debug_objects_early_init();
848 early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;
851 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
856 pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
857 early_security_init();
858 setup_arch(&command_line);
859 setup_boot_config(command_line);
860 setup_command_line(command_line);
862 setup_per_cpu_areas();
863 smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
864 boot_cpu_hotplug_init();
866 build_all_zonelists(NULL);
869 pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", saved_command_line);
870 /* parameters may set static keys */
873 after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
874 static_command_line, __start___param,
875 __stop___param - __start___param,
876 -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
877 if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
878 parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
881 parse_args("Setting extra init args", extra_init_args,
882 NULL, 0, -1, -1, NULL, set_init_arg);
885 * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
889 vfs_caches_init_early();
896 /* trace_printk can be enabled here */
900 * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
901 * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
902 * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
906 * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
907 * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
910 if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
911 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
916 * Set up housekeeping before setting up workqueues to allow the unbound
917 * workqueue to take non-housekeeping into account.
922 * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
923 * early. Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
926 workqueue_init_early();
930 /* Trace events are available after this */
934 initcall_debug_enable();
936 context_tracking_init();
937 /* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
948 * For best initial stack canary entropy, prepare it after:
949 * - setup_arch() for any UEFI RNG entropy and boot cmdline access
950 * - timekeeping_init() for ktime entropy used in rand_initialize()
951 * - rand_initialize() to get any arch-specific entropy like RDRAND
952 * - add_latent_entropy() to get any latent entropy
953 * - adding command line entropy
956 add_latent_entropy();
957 add_device_randomness(command_line, strlen(command_line));
958 boot_init_stack_canary();
963 call_function_init();
964 WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
966 early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
969 kmem_cache_init_late();
972 * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
973 * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
974 * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
978 panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
984 * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
985 * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
991 * This needs to be called before any devices perform DMA
992 * operations that might use the SWIOTLB bounce buffers. It will
993 * mark the bounce buffers as decrypted so that their usage will
994 * not cause "plain-text" data to be decrypted when accessed.
998 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
999 if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
1000 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
1001 pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
1002 page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
1007 setup_per_cpu_pageset();
1017 if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
1018 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
1020 thread_stack_cache_init();
1037 taskstats_init_early();
1043 acpi_subsystem_init();
1044 arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
1048 /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
1049 arch_call_rest_init();
1051 prevent_tail_call_optimization();
1054 /* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */
1055 static void __init do_ctors(void)
1057 #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
1058 ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;
1060 for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
1065 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
1066 struct blacklist_entry {
1067 struct list_head next;
1071 static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);
1073 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1076 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1078 /* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
1080 str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
1082 pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
1083 entry = memblock_alloc(sizeof(*entry),
1086 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1087 __func__, sizeof(*entry));
1088 entry->buf = memblock_alloc(strlen(str_entry) + 1,
1091 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n",
1092 __func__, strlen(str_entry) + 1);
1093 strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
1094 list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
1096 } while (str_entry);
1101 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1103 struct blacklist_entry *entry;
1104 char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
1107 if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
1110 addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
1111 sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);
1114 * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
1115 * displayed for built-in init functions. Strip off the [module_name].
1117 strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');
1119 list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
1120 if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
1121 pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
1129 static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
1131 pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
1135 static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
1140 __setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);
1142 static __init_or_module void
1143 trace_initcall_start_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn)
1145 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
1147 printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling %pS @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
1148 *calltime = ktime_get();
1151 static __init_or_module void
1152 trace_initcall_finish_cb(void *data, initcall_t fn, int ret)
1154 ktime_t *calltime = (ktime_t *)data;
1155 ktime_t delta, rettime;
1156 unsigned long long duration;
1158 rettime = ktime_get();
1159 delta = ktime_sub(rettime, *calltime);
1160 duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
1161 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pS returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
1165 static ktime_t initcall_calltime;
1167 #ifdef TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED
1168 static void __init initcall_debug_enable(void)
1172 ret = register_trace_initcall_start(trace_initcall_start_cb,
1173 &initcall_calltime);
1174 ret |= register_trace_initcall_finish(trace_initcall_finish_cb,
1175 &initcall_calltime);
1176 WARN(ret, "Failed to register initcall tracepoints\n");
1178 # define do_trace_initcall_start trace_initcall_start
1179 # define do_trace_initcall_finish trace_initcall_finish
1181 static inline void do_trace_initcall_start(initcall_t fn)
1183 if (!initcall_debug)
1185 trace_initcall_start_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn);
1187 static inline void do_trace_initcall_finish(initcall_t fn, int ret)
1189 if (!initcall_debug)
1191 trace_initcall_finish_cb(&initcall_calltime, fn, ret);
1193 #endif /* !TRACEPOINTS_ENABLED */
1195 int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
1197 int count = preempt_count();
1201 if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
1204 do_trace_initcall_start(fn);
1206 do_trace_initcall_finish(fn, ret);
1210 if (preempt_count() != count) {
1211 sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
1212 preempt_count_set(count);
1214 if (irqs_disabled()) {
1215 strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
1218 WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pS returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);
1220 add_latent_entropy();
1225 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_start[];
1226 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall0_start[];
1227 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall1_start[];
1228 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall2_start[];
1229 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall3_start[];
1230 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall4_start[];
1231 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall5_start[];
1232 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall6_start[];
1233 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall7_start[];
1234 extern initcall_entry_t __initcall_end[];
1236 static initcall_entry_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
1248 /* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */
1249 static const char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
1260 static int __init ignore_unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
1261 const char *unused, void *arg)
1266 static void __init do_initcall_level(int level, char *command_line)
1268 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1270 parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
1271 command_line, __start___param,
1272 __stop___param - __start___param,
1274 NULL, ignore_unknown_bootoption);
1276 trace_initcall_level(initcall_level_names[level]);
1277 for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
1278 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1281 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
1284 size_t len = strlen(saved_command_line) + 1;
1287 command_line = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
1289 panic("%s: Failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, len);
1291 for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++) {
1292 /* Parser modifies command_line, restore it each time */
1293 strcpy(command_line, saved_command_line);
1294 do_initcall_level(level, command_line);
1297 kfree(command_line);
1301 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
1302 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
1303 * running, and memory and process management works.
1305 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
1307 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
1313 usermodehelper_enable();
1317 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
1319 initcall_entry_t *fn;
1321 trace_initcall_level("early");
1322 for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
1323 do_one_initcall(initcall_from_entry(fn));
1326 static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1328 const char *const *p;
1330 argv_init[0] = init_filename;
1331 pr_info("Run %s as init process\n", init_filename);
1332 pr_debug(" with arguments:\n");
1333 for (p = argv_init; *p; p++)
1334 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1335 pr_debug(" with environment:\n");
1336 for (p = envp_init; *p; p++)
1337 pr_debug(" %s\n", *p);
1338 return kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
1341 static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
1345 ret = run_init_process(init_filename);
1347 if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
1348 pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
1349 init_filename, ret);
1355 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);
1357 #if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)
1358 bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;
1359 static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
1361 return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
1363 __setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);
1366 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
1367 static void mark_readonly(void)
1369 if (rodata_enabled) {
1371 * load_module() results in W+X mappings, which are cleaned
1372 * up with call_rcu(). Let's make sure that queued work is
1373 * flushed so that we don't hit false positives looking for
1374 * insecure pages which are W+X.
1380 pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
1382 #elif defined(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX)
1383 static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1385 pr_warn("Kernel memory protection not selected by kernel config.\n");
1388 static inline void mark_readonly(void)
1390 pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
1394 void __weak free_initmem(void)
1396 free_initmem_default(POISON_FREE_INITMEM);
1399 static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
1403 kernel_init_freeable();
1404 /* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
1405 async_synchronize_full();
1406 kprobe_free_init_mem();
1407 ftrace_free_init_mem();
1412 * Kernel mappings are now finalized - update the userspace page-table
1417 system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
1418 numa_default_policy();
1420 rcu_end_inkernel_boot();
1424 if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
1425 ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
1428 pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
1429 ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
1433 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
1435 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
1436 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
1438 if (execute_command) {
1439 ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
1442 panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
1443 execute_command, ret);
1446 if (CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT[0] != '\0') {
1447 ret = run_init_process(CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT);
1449 pr_err("Default init %s failed (error %d)\n",
1450 CONFIG_DEFAULT_INIT, ret);
1455 if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
1456 !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
1457 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
1458 !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
1461 panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "
1462 "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
1465 /* Open /dev/console, for stdin/stdout/stderr, this should never fail */
1466 void __init console_on_rootfs(void)
1468 struct file *file = filp_open("/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0);
1471 pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
1480 static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
1483 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
1485 wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
1487 /* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
1488 gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;
1491 * init can allocate pages on any node
1493 set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
1495 cad_pid = task_pid(current);
1497 smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);
1501 init_mm_internals();
1503 do_pre_smp_initcalls();
1504 lockup_detector_init();
1510 page_alloc_init_late();
1511 /* Initialize page ext after all struct pages are initialized. */
1516 console_on_rootfs();
1519 * check if there is an early userspace init. If yes, let it do all
1522 if (init_eaccess(ramdisk_execute_command) != 0) {
1523 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
1524 prepare_namespace();
1528 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
1529 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
1530 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
1532 * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
1533 * and default modules
1536 integrity_load_keys();