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1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3  * Infrastructure to took into function calls and returns.
4  * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Frederic Weisbecker <[email protected]>
5  * Mostly borrowed from function tracer which
6  * is Copyright (c) Steven Rostedt <[email protected]>
7  *
8  * Highly modified by Steven Rostedt (VMware).
9  */
10 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
11 #include <linux/suspend.h>
12 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14
15 #include <trace/events/sched.h>
16
17 #include "ftrace_internal.h"
18
19 #ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
20 #define ASSIGN_OPS_HASH(opsname, val) \
21         .func_hash              = val, \
22         .local_hash.regex_lock  = __MUTEX_INITIALIZER(opsname.local_hash.regex_lock),
23 #else
24 #define ASSIGN_OPS_HASH(opsname, val)
25 #endif
26
27 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kill_ftrace_graph);
28 int ftrace_graph_active;
29
30 /* Both enabled by default (can be cleared by function_graph tracer flags */
31 static bool fgraph_sleep_time = true;
32
33 /**
34  * ftrace_graph_stop - set to permanently disable function graph tracing
35  *
36  * In case of an error int function graph tracing, this is called
37  * to try to keep function graph tracing from causing any more harm.
38  * Usually this is pretty severe and this is called to try to at least
39  * get a warning out to the user.
40  */
41 void ftrace_graph_stop(void)
42 {
43         static_branch_enable(&kill_ftrace_graph);
44 }
45
46 /* Add a function return address to the trace stack on thread info.*/
47 static int
48 ftrace_push_return_trace(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,
49                          unsigned long frame_pointer, unsigned long *retp)
50 {
51         unsigned long long calltime;
52         int index;
53
54         if (unlikely(ftrace_graph_is_dead()))
55                 return -EBUSY;
56
57         if (!current->ret_stack)
58                 return -EBUSY;
59
60         /*
61          * We must make sure the ret_stack is tested before we read
62          * anything else.
63          */
64         smp_rmb();
65
66         /* The return trace stack is full */
67         if (current->curr_ret_stack == FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH - 1) {
68                 atomic_inc(&current->trace_overrun);
69                 return -EBUSY;
70         }
71
72         calltime = trace_clock_local();
73
74         index = ++current->curr_ret_stack;
75         barrier();
76         current->ret_stack[index].ret = ret;
77         current->ret_stack[index].func = func;
78         current->ret_stack[index].calltime = calltime;
79 #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_FP_TEST
80         current->ret_stack[index].fp = frame_pointer;
81 #endif
82 #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
83         current->ret_stack[index].retp = retp;
84 #endif
85         return 0;
86 }
87
88 /*
89  * Not all archs define MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE which is used to look for direct
90  * functions. But those archs currently don't support direct functions
91  * anyway, and ftrace_find_rec_direct() is just a stub for them.
92  * Define MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE to keep those archs compiling.
93  */
94 #ifndef MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE
95 /* Make sure this only works without direct calls */
96 # ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS
97 #  error MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE not defined with direct calls enabled
98 # endif
99 # define MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE 0
100 #endif
101
102 int function_graph_enter(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func,
103                          unsigned long frame_pointer, unsigned long *retp)
104 {
105         struct ftrace_graph_ent trace;
106
107 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS
108         /*
109          * Skip graph tracing if the return location is served by direct trampoline,
110          * since call sequence and return addresses are unpredictable anyway.
111          * Ex: BPF trampoline may call original function and may skip frame
112          * depending on type of BPF programs attached.
113          */
114         if (ftrace_direct_func_count &&
115             ftrace_find_rec_direct(ret - MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE))
116                 return -EBUSY;
117 #endif
118         trace.func = func;
119         trace.depth = ++current->curr_ret_depth;
120
121         if (ftrace_push_return_trace(ret, func, frame_pointer, retp))
122                 goto out;
123
124         /* Only trace if the calling function expects to */
125         if (!ftrace_graph_entry(&trace))
126                 goto out_ret;
127
128         return 0;
129  out_ret:
130         current->curr_ret_stack--;
131  out:
132         current->curr_ret_depth--;
133         return -EBUSY;
134 }
135
136 /* Retrieve a function return address to the trace stack on thread info.*/
137 static void
138 ftrace_pop_return_trace(struct ftrace_graph_ret *trace, unsigned long *ret,
139                         unsigned long frame_pointer)
140 {
141         int index;
142
143         index = current->curr_ret_stack;
144
145         if (unlikely(index < 0 || index >= FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH)) {
146                 ftrace_graph_stop();
147                 WARN_ON(1);
148                 /* Might as well panic, otherwise we have no where to go */
149                 *ret = (unsigned long)panic;
150                 return;
151         }
152
153 #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_FP_TEST
154         /*
155          * The arch may choose to record the frame pointer used
156          * and check it here to make sure that it is what we expect it
157          * to be. If gcc does not set the place holder of the return
158          * address in the frame pointer, and does a copy instead, then
159          * the function graph trace will fail. This test detects this
160          * case.
161          *
162          * Currently, x86_32 with optimize for size (-Os) makes the latest
163          * gcc do the above.
164          *
165          * Note, -mfentry does not use frame pointers, and this test
166          *  is not needed if CC_USING_FENTRY is set.
167          */
168         if (unlikely(current->ret_stack[index].fp != frame_pointer)) {
169                 ftrace_graph_stop();
170                 WARN(1, "Bad frame pointer: expected %lx, received %lx\n"
171                      "  from func %ps return to %lx\n",
172                      current->ret_stack[index].fp,
173                      frame_pointer,
174                      (void *)current->ret_stack[index].func,
175                      current->ret_stack[index].ret);
176                 *ret = (unsigned long)panic;
177                 return;
178         }
179 #endif
180
181         *ret = current->ret_stack[index].ret;
182         trace->func = current->ret_stack[index].func;
183         trace->calltime = current->ret_stack[index].calltime;
184         trace->overrun = atomic_read(&current->trace_overrun);
185         trace->depth = current->curr_ret_depth--;
186         /*
187          * We still want to trace interrupts coming in if
188          * max_depth is set to 1. Make sure the decrement is
189          * seen before ftrace_graph_return.
190          */
191         barrier();
192 }
193
194 /*
195  * Hibernation protection.
196  * The state of the current task is too much unstable during
197  * suspend/restore to disk. We want to protect against that.
198  */
199 static int
200 ftrace_suspend_notifier_call(struct notifier_block *bl, unsigned long state,
201                                                         void *unused)
202 {
203         switch (state) {
204         case PM_HIBERNATION_PREPARE:
205                 pause_graph_tracing();
206                 break;
207
208         case PM_POST_HIBERNATION:
209                 unpause_graph_tracing();
210                 break;
211         }
212         return NOTIFY_DONE;
213 }
214
215 static struct notifier_block ftrace_suspend_notifier = {
216         .notifier_call = ftrace_suspend_notifier_call,
217 };
218
219 /*
220  * Send the trace to the ring-buffer.
221  * @return the original return address.
222  */
223 unsigned long ftrace_return_to_handler(unsigned long frame_pointer)
224 {
225         struct ftrace_graph_ret trace;
226         unsigned long ret;
227
228         ftrace_pop_return_trace(&trace, &ret, frame_pointer);
229         trace.rettime = trace_clock_local();
230         ftrace_graph_return(&trace);
231         /*
232          * The ftrace_graph_return() may still access the current
233          * ret_stack structure, we need to make sure the update of
234          * curr_ret_stack is after that.
235          */
236         barrier();
237         current->curr_ret_stack--;
238
239         if (unlikely(!ret)) {
240                 ftrace_graph_stop();
241                 WARN_ON(1);
242                 /* Might as well panic. What else to do? */
243                 ret = (unsigned long)panic;
244         }
245
246         return ret;
247 }
248
249 /**
250  * ftrace_graph_get_ret_stack - return the entry of the shadow stack
251  * @task: The task to read the shadow stack from
252  * @idx: Index down the shadow stack
253  *
254  * Return the ret_struct on the shadow stack of the @task at the
255  * call graph at @idx starting with zero. If @idx is zero, it
256  * will return the last saved ret_stack entry. If it is greater than
257  * zero, it will return the corresponding ret_stack for the depth
258  * of saved return addresses.
259  */
260 struct ftrace_ret_stack *
261 ftrace_graph_get_ret_stack(struct task_struct *task, int idx)
262 {
263         idx = task->curr_ret_stack - idx;
264
265         if (idx >= 0 && idx <= task->curr_ret_stack)
266                 return &task->ret_stack[idx];
267
268         return NULL;
269 }
270
271 /**
272  * ftrace_graph_ret_addr - convert a potentially modified stack return address
273  *                         to its original value
274  *
275  * This function can be called by stack unwinding code to convert a found stack
276  * return address ('ret') to its original value, in case the function graph
277  * tracer has modified it to be 'return_to_handler'.  If the address hasn't
278  * been modified, the unchanged value of 'ret' is returned.
279  *
280  * 'idx' is a state variable which should be initialized by the caller to zero
281  * before the first call.
282  *
283  * 'retp' is a pointer to the return address on the stack.  It's ignored if
284  * the arch doesn't have HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR defined.
285  */
286 #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
287 unsigned long ftrace_graph_ret_addr(struct task_struct *task, int *idx,
288                                     unsigned long ret, unsigned long *retp)
289 {
290         int index = task->curr_ret_stack;
291         int i;
292
293         if (ret != (unsigned long)dereference_kernel_function_descriptor(return_to_handler))
294                 return ret;
295
296         if (index < 0)
297                 return ret;
298
299         for (i = 0; i <= index; i++)
300                 if (task->ret_stack[i].retp == retp)
301                         return task->ret_stack[i].ret;
302
303         return ret;
304 }
305 #else /* !HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR */
306 unsigned long ftrace_graph_ret_addr(struct task_struct *task, int *idx,
307                                     unsigned long ret, unsigned long *retp)
308 {
309         int task_idx;
310
311         if (ret != (unsigned long)dereference_kernel_function_descriptor(return_to_handler))
312                 return ret;
313
314         task_idx = task->curr_ret_stack;
315
316         if (!task->ret_stack || task_idx < *idx)
317                 return ret;
318
319         task_idx -= *idx;
320         (*idx)++;
321
322         return task->ret_stack[task_idx].ret;
323 }
324 #endif /* HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR */
325
326 static struct ftrace_ops graph_ops = {
327         .func                   = ftrace_graph_func,
328         .flags                  = FTRACE_OPS_FL_INITIALIZED |
329                                    FTRACE_OPS_FL_PID |
330                                    FTRACE_OPS_GRAPH_STUB,
331 #ifdef FTRACE_GRAPH_TRAMP_ADDR
332         .trampoline             = FTRACE_GRAPH_TRAMP_ADDR,
333         /* trampoline_size is only needed for dynamically allocated tramps */
334 #endif
335         ASSIGN_OPS_HASH(graph_ops, &global_ops.local_hash)
336 };
337
338 void ftrace_graph_sleep_time_control(bool enable)
339 {
340         fgraph_sleep_time = enable;
341 }
342
343 int ftrace_graph_entry_stub(struct ftrace_graph_ent *trace)
344 {
345         return 0;
346 }
347
348 /*
349  * Simply points to ftrace_stub, but with the proper protocol.
350  * Defined by the linker script in linux/vmlinux.lds.h
351  */
352 extern void ftrace_stub_graph(struct ftrace_graph_ret *);
353
354 /* The callbacks that hook a function */
355 trace_func_graph_ret_t ftrace_graph_return = ftrace_stub_graph;
356 trace_func_graph_ent_t ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_stub;
357 static trace_func_graph_ent_t __ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_stub;
358
359 /* Try to assign a return stack array on FTRACE_RETSTACK_ALLOC_SIZE tasks. */
360 static int alloc_retstack_tasklist(struct ftrace_ret_stack **ret_stack_list)
361 {
362         int i;
363         int ret = 0;
364         int start = 0, end = FTRACE_RETSTACK_ALLOC_SIZE;
365         struct task_struct *g, *t;
366
367         for (i = 0; i < FTRACE_RETSTACK_ALLOC_SIZE; i++) {
368                 ret_stack_list[i] =
369                         kmalloc_array(FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH,
370                                       sizeof(struct ftrace_ret_stack),
371                                       GFP_KERNEL);
372                 if (!ret_stack_list[i]) {
373                         start = 0;
374                         end = i;
375                         ret = -ENOMEM;
376                         goto free;
377                 }
378         }
379
380         rcu_read_lock();
381         for_each_process_thread(g, t) {
382                 if (start == end) {
383                         ret = -EAGAIN;
384                         goto unlock;
385                 }
386
387                 if (t->ret_stack == NULL) {
388                         atomic_set(&t->trace_overrun, 0);
389                         t->curr_ret_stack = -1;
390                         t->curr_ret_depth = -1;
391                         /* Make sure the tasks see the -1 first: */
392                         smp_wmb();
393                         t->ret_stack = ret_stack_list[start++];
394                 }
395         }
396
397 unlock:
398         rcu_read_unlock();
399 free:
400         for (i = start; i < end; i++)
401                 kfree(ret_stack_list[i]);
402         return ret;
403 }
404
405 static void
406 ftrace_graph_probe_sched_switch(void *ignore, bool preempt,
407                                 unsigned int prev_state,
408                                 struct task_struct *prev,
409                                 struct task_struct *next)
410 {
411         unsigned long long timestamp;
412         int index;
413
414         /*
415          * Does the user want to count the time a function was asleep.
416          * If so, do not update the time stamps.
417          */
418         if (fgraph_sleep_time)
419                 return;
420
421         timestamp = trace_clock_local();
422
423         prev->ftrace_timestamp = timestamp;
424
425         /* only process tasks that we timestamped */
426         if (!next->ftrace_timestamp)
427                 return;
428
429         /*
430          * Update all the counters in next to make up for the
431          * time next was sleeping.
432          */
433         timestamp -= next->ftrace_timestamp;
434
435         for (index = next->curr_ret_stack; index >= 0; index--)
436                 next->ret_stack[index].calltime += timestamp;
437 }
438
439 static int ftrace_graph_entry_test(struct ftrace_graph_ent *trace)
440 {
441         if (!ftrace_ops_test(&global_ops, trace->func, NULL))
442                 return 0;
443         return __ftrace_graph_entry(trace);
444 }
445
446 /*
447  * The function graph tracer should only trace the functions defined
448  * by set_ftrace_filter and set_ftrace_notrace. If another function
449  * tracer ops is registered, the graph tracer requires testing the
450  * function against the global ops, and not just trace any function
451  * that any ftrace_ops registered.
452  */
453 void update_function_graph_func(void)
454 {
455         struct ftrace_ops *op;
456         bool do_test = false;
457
458         /*
459          * The graph and global ops share the same set of functions
460          * to test. If any other ops is on the list, then
461          * the graph tracing needs to test if its the function
462          * it should call.
463          */
464         do_for_each_ftrace_op(op, ftrace_ops_list) {
465                 if (op != &global_ops && op != &graph_ops &&
466                     op != &ftrace_list_end) {
467                         do_test = true;
468                         /* in double loop, break out with goto */
469                         goto out;
470                 }
471         } while_for_each_ftrace_op(op);
472  out:
473         if (do_test)
474                 ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_test;
475         else
476                 ftrace_graph_entry = __ftrace_graph_entry;
477 }
478
479 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct ftrace_ret_stack *, idle_ret_stack);
480
481 static void
482 graph_init_task(struct task_struct *t, struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack)
483 {
484         atomic_set(&t->trace_overrun, 0);
485         t->ftrace_timestamp = 0;
486         /* make curr_ret_stack visible before we add the ret_stack */
487         smp_wmb();
488         t->ret_stack = ret_stack;
489 }
490
491 /*
492  * Allocate a return stack for the idle task. May be the first
493  * time through, or it may be done by CPU hotplug online.
494  */
495 void ftrace_graph_init_idle_task(struct task_struct *t, int cpu)
496 {
497         t->curr_ret_stack = -1;
498         t->curr_ret_depth = -1;
499         /*
500          * The idle task has no parent, it either has its own
501          * stack or no stack at all.
502          */
503         if (t->ret_stack)
504                 WARN_ON(t->ret_stack != per_cpu(idle_ret_stack, cpu));
505
506         if (ftrace_graph_active) {
507                 struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack;
508
509                 ret_stack = per_cpu(idle_ret_stack, cpu);
510                 if (!ret_stack) {
511                         ret_stack =
512                                 kmalloc_array(FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH,
513                                               sizeof(struct ftrace_ret_stack),
514                                               GFP_KERNEL);
515                         if (!ret_stack)
516                                 return;
517                         per_cpu(idle_ret_stack, cpu) = ret_stack;
518                 }
519                 graph_init_task(t, ret_stack);
520         }
521 }
522
523 /* Allocate a return stack for newly created task */
524 void ftrace_graph_init_task(struct task_struct *t)
525 {
526         /* Make sure we do not use the parent ret_stack */
527         t->ret_stack = NULL;
528         t->curr_ret_stack = -1;
529         t->curr_ret_depth = -1;
530
531         if (ftrace_graph_active) {
532                 struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack;
533
534                 ret_stack = kmalloc_array(FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH,
535                                           sizeof(struct ftrace_ret_stack),
536                                           GFP_KERNEL);
537                 if (!ret_stack)
538                         return;
539                 graph_init_task(t, ret_stack);
540         }
541 }
542
543 void ftrace_graph_exit_task(struct task_struct *t)
544 {
545         struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack = t->ret_stack;
546
547         t->ret_stack = NULL;
548         /* NULL must become visible to IRQs before we free it: */
549         barrier();
550
551         kfree(ret_stack);
552 }
553
554 /* Allocate a return stack for each task */
555 static int start_graph_tracing(void)
556 {
557         struct ftrace_ret_stack **ret_stack_list;
558         int ret, cpu;
559
560         ret_stack_list = kmalloc_array(FTRACE_RETSTACK_ALLOC_SIZE,
561                                        sizeof(struct ftrace_ret_stack *),
562                                        GFP_KERNEL);
563
564         if (!ret_stack_list)
565                 return -ENOMEM;
566
567         /* The cpu_boot init_task->ret_stack will never be freed */
568         for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
569                 if (!idle_task(cpu)->ret_stack)
570                         ftrace_graph_init_idle_task(idle_task(cpu), cpu);
571         }
572
573         do {
574                 ret = alloc_retstack_tasklist(ret_stack_list);
575         } while (ret == -EAGAIN);
576
577         if (!ret) {
578                 ret = register_trace_sched_switch(ftrace_graph_probe_sched_switch, NULL);
579                 if (ret)
580                         pr_info("ftrace_graph: Couldn't activate tracepoint"
581                                 " probe to kernel_sched_switch\n");
582         }
583
584         kfree(ret_stack_list);
585         return ret;
586 }
587
588 int register_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
589 {
590         int ret = 0;
591
592         mutex_lock(&ftrace_lock);
593
594         /* we currently allow only one tracer registered at a time */
595         if (ftrace_graph_active) {
596                 ret = -EBUSY;
597                 goto out;
598         }
599
600         register_pm_notifier(&ftrace_suspend_notifier);
601
602         ftrace_graph_active++;
603         ret = start_graph_tracing();
604         if (ret) {
605                 ftrace_graph_active--;
606                 goto out;
607         }
608
609         ftrace_graph_return = gops->retfunc;
610
611         /*
612          * Update the indirect function to the entryfunc, and the
613          * function that gets called to the entry_test first. Then
614          * call the update fgraph entry function to determine if
615          * the entryfunc should be called directly or not.
616          */
617         __ftrace_graph_entry = gops->entryfunc;
618         ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_test;
619         update_function_graph_func();
620
621         ret = ftrace_startup(&graph_ops, FTRACE_START_FUNC_RET);
622 out:
623         mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
624         return ret;
625 }
626
627 void unregister_ftrace_graph(struct fgraph_ops *gops)
628 {
629         mutex_lock(&ftrace_lock);
630
631         if (unlikely(!ftrace_graph_active))
632                 goto out;
633
634         ftrace_graph_active--;
635         ftrace_graph_return = ftrace_stub_graph;
636         ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_stub;
637         __ftrace_graph_entry = ftrace_graph_entry_stub;
638         ftrace_shutdown(&graph_ops, FTRACE_STOP_FUNC_RET);
639         unregister_pm_notifier(&ftrace_suspend_notifier);
640         unregister_trace_sched_switch(ftrace_graph_probe_sched_switch, NULL);
641
642  out:
643         mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
644 }
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