1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
3 * AEAD: Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data
11 #include <linux/container_of.h>
12 #include <linux/crypto.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
17 * DOC: Authenticated Encryption With Associated Data (AEAD) Cipher API
19 * The AEAD cipher API is used with the ciphers of type CRYPTO_ALG_TYPE_AEAD
20 * (listed as type "aead" in /proc/crypto)
22 * The most prominent examples for this type of encryption is GCM and CCM.
23 * However, the kernel supports other types of AEAD ciphers which are defined
24 * with the following cipher string:
26 * authenc(keyed message digest, block cipher)
28 * For example: authenc(hmac(sha256), cbc(aes))
30 * The example code provided for the symmetric key cipher operation
31 * applies here as well. Naturally all *skcipher* symbols must be exchanged
32 * the *aead* pendants discussed in the following. In addition, for the AEAD
33 * operation, the aead_request_set_ad function must be used to set the
34 * pointer to the associated data memory location before performing the
35 * encryption or decryption operation. In case of an encryption, the associated
36 * data memory is filled during the encryption operation. For decryption, the
37 * associated data memory must contain data that is used to verify the integrity
38 * of the decrypted data. Another deviation from the asynchronous block cipher
39 * operation is that the caller should explicitly check for -EBADMSG of the
40 * crypto_aead_decrypt. That error indicates an authentication error, i.e.
41 * a breach in the integrity of the message. In essence, that -EBADMSG error
42 * code is the key bonus an AEAD cipher has over "standard" block chaining
47 * The source scatterlist must contain the concatenation of
48 * associated data || plaintext or ciphertext.
50 * The destination scatterlist has the same layout, except that the plaintext
51 * (resp. ciphertext) will grow (resp. shrink) by the authentication tag size
52 * during encryption (resp. decryption).
54 * In-place encryption/decryption is enabled by using the same scatterlist
55 * pointer for both the source and destination.
57 * Even in the out-of-place case, space must be reserved in the destination for
58 * the associated data, even though it won't be written to. This makes the
59 * in-place and out-of-place cases more consistent. It is permissible for the
60 * "destination" associated data to alias the "source" associated data.
62 * As with the other scatterlist crypto APIs, zero-length scatterlist elements
63 * are not allowed in the used part of the scatterlist. Thus, if there is no
64 * associated data, the first element must point to the plaintext/ciphertext.
66 * To meet the needs of IPsec, a special quirk applies to rfc4106, rfc4309,
67 * rfc4543, and rfc7539esp ciphers. For these ciphers, the final 'ivsize' bytes
68 * of the associated data buffer must contain a second copy of the IV. This is
69 * in addition to the copy passed to aead_request_set_crypt(). These two IV
70 * copies must not differ; different implementations of the same algorithm may
71 * behave differently in that case. Note that the algorithm might not actually
72 * treat the IV as associated data; nevertheless the length passed to
73 * aead_request_set_ad() must include it.
80 * struct aead_request - AEAD request
81 * @base: Common attributes for async crypto requests
82 * @assoclen: Length in bytes of associated data for authentication
83 * @cryptlen: Length of data to be encrypted or decrypted
84 * @iv: Initialisation vector
86 * @dst: Destination data
87 * @__ctx: Start of private context data
90 struct crypto_async_request base;
92 unsigned int assoclen;
93 unsigned int cryptlen;
97 struct scatterlist *src;
98 struct scatterlist *dst;
100 void *__ctx[] CRYPTO_MINALIGN_ATTR;
104 * struct aead_alg - AEAD cipher definition
105 * @maxauthsize: Set the maximum authentication tag size supported by the
106 * transformation. A transformation may support smaller tag sizes.
107 * As the authentication tag is a message digest to ensure the
108 * integrity of the encrypted data, a consumer typically wants the
109 * largest authentication tag possible as defined by this
111 * @setauthsize: Set authentication size for the AEAD transformation. This
112 * function is used to specify the consumer requested size of the
113 * authentication tag to be either generated by the transformation
114 * during encryption or the size of the authentication tag to be
115 * supplied during the decryption operation. This function is also
116 * responsible for checking the authentication tag size for
118 * @setkey: see struct skcipher_alg
119 * @encrypt: see struct skcipher_alg
120 * @decrypt: see struct skcipher_alg
121 * @ivsize: see struct skcipher_alg
122 * @chunksize: see struct skcipher_alg
123 * @init: Initialize the cryptographic transformation object. This function
124 * is used to initialize the cryptographic transformation object.
125 * This function is called only once at the instantiation time, right
126 * after the transformation context was allocated. In case the
127 * cryptographic hardware has some special requirements which need to
128 * be handled by software, this function shall check for the precise
129 * requirement of the transformation and put any software fallbacks
131 * @exit: Deinitialize the cryptographic transformation object. This is a
132 * counterpart to @init, used to remove various changes set in
134 * @base: Definition of a generic crypto cipher algorithm.
136 * All fields except @ivsize is mandatory and must be filled.
139 int (*setkey)(struct crypto_aead *tfm, const u8 *key,
140 unsigned int keylen);
141 int (*setauthsize)(struct crypto_aead *tfm, unsigned int authsize);
142 int (*encrypt)(struct aead_request *req);
143 int (*decrypt)(struct aead_request *req);
144 int (*init)(struct crypto_aead *tfm);
145 void (*exit)(struct crypto_aead *tfm);
148 unsigned int maxauthsize;
149 unsigned int chunksize;
151 struct crypto_alg base;
155 unsigned int authsize;
156 unsigned int reqsize;
158 struct crypto_tfm base;
161 static inline struct crypto_aead *__crypto_aead_cast(struct crypto_tfm *tfm)
163 return container_of(tfm, struct crypto_aead, base);
167 * crypto_alloc_aead() - allocate AEAD cipher handle
168 * @alg_name: is the cra_name / name or cra_driver_name / driver name of the
170 * @type: specifies the type of the cipher
171 * @mask: specifies the mask for the cipher
173 * Allocate a cipher handle for an AEAD. The returned struct
174 * crypto_aead is the cipher handle that is required for any subsequent
175 * API invocation for that AEAD.
177 * Return: allocated cipher handle in case of success; IS_ERR() is true in case
178 * of an error, PTR_ERR() returns the error code.
180 struct crypto_aead *crypto_alloc_aead(const char *alg_name, u32 type, u32 mask);
182 static inline struct crypto_tfm *crypto_aead_tfm(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
188 * crypto_free_aead() - zeroize and free aead handle
189 * @tfm: cipher handle to be freed
191 * If @tfm is a NULL or error pointer, this function does nothing.
193 static inline void crypto_free_aead(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
195 crypto_destroy_tfm(tfm, crypto_aead_tfm(tfm));
198 static inline const char *crypto_aead_driver_name(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
200 return crypto_tfm_alg_driver_name(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm));
203 static inline struct aead_alg *crypto_aead_alg(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
205 return container_of(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm)->__crt_alg,
206 struct aead_alg, base);
209 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_alg_ivsize(struct aead_alg *alg)
215 * crypto_aead_ivsize() - obtain IV size
216 * @tfm: cipher handle
218 * The size of the IV for the aead referenced by the cipher handle is
219 * returned. This IV size may be zero if the cipher does not need an IV.
221 * Return: IV size in bytes
223 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_ivsize(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
225 return crypto_aead_alg_ivsize(crypto_aead_alg(tfm));
229 * crypto_aead_authsize() - obtain maximum authentication data size
230 * @tfm: cipher handle
232 * The maximum size of the authentication data for the AEAD cipher referenced
233 * by the AEAD cipher handle is returned. The authentication data size may be
234 * zero if the cipher implements a hard-coded maximum.
236 * The authentication data may also be known as "tag value".
238 * Return: authentication data size / tag size in bytes
240 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_authsize(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
242 return tfm->authsize;
245 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_alg_maxauthsize(struct aead_alg *alg)
247 return alg->maxauthsize;
250 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_maxauthsize(struct crypto_aead *aead)
252 return crypto_aead_alg_maxauthsize(crypto_aead_alg(aead));
256 * crypto_aead_blocksize() - obtain block size of cipher
257 * @tfm: cipher handle
259 * The block size for the AEAD referenced with the cipher handle is returned.
260 * The caller may use that information to allocate appropriate memory for the
261 * data returned by the encryption or decryption operation
263 * Return: block size of cipher
265 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_blocksize(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
267 return crypto_tfm_alg_blocksize(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm));
270 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_alignmask(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
272 return crypto_tfm_alg_alignmask(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm));
275 static inline u32 crypto_aead_get_flags(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
277 return crypto_tfm_get_flags(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm));
280 static inline void crypto_aead_set_flags(struct crypto_aead *tfm, u32 flags)
282 crypto_tfm_set_flags(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm), flags);
285 static inline void crypto_aead_clear_flags(struct crypto_aead *tfm, u32 flags)
287 crypto_tfm_clear_flags(crypto_aead_tfm(tfm), flags);
291 * crypto_aead_setkey() - set key for cipher
292 * @tfm: cipher handle
293 * @key: buffer holding the key
294 * @keylen: length of the key in bytes
296 * The caller provided key is set for the AEAD referenced by the cipher
299 * Note, the key length determines the cipher type. Many block ciphers implement
300 * different cipher modes depending on the key size, such as AES-128 vs AES-192
301 * vs. AES-256. When providing a 16 byte key for an AES cipher handle, AES-128
304 * Return: 0 if the setting of the key was successful; < 0 if an error occurred
306 int crypto_aead_setkey(struct crypto_aead *tfm,
307 const u8 *key, unsigned int keylen);
310 * crypto_aead_setauthsize() - set authentication data size
311 * @tfm: cipher handle
312 * @authsize: size of the authentication data / tag in bytes
314 * Set the authentication data size / tag size. AEAD requires an authentication
315 * tag (or MAC) in addition to the associated data.
317 * Return: 0 if the setting of the key was successful; < 0 if an error occurred
319 int crypto_aead_setauthsize(struct crypto_aead *tfm, unsigned int authsize);
321 static inline struct crypto_aead *crypto_aead_reqtfm(struct aead_request *req)
323 return __crypto_aead_cast(req->base.tfm);
327 * crypto_aead_encrypt() - encrypt plaintext
328 * @req: reference to the aead_request handle that holds all information
329 * needed to perform the cipher operation
331 * Encrypt plaintext data using the aead_request handle. That data structure
332 * and how it is filled with data is discussed with the aead_request_*
335 * IMPORTANT NOTE The encryption operation creates the authentication data /
336 * tag. That data is concatenated with the created ciphertext.
337 * The ciphertext memory size is therefore the given number of
338 * block cipher blocks + the size defined by the
339 * crypto_aead_setauthsize invocation. The caller must ensure
340 * that sufficient memory is available for the ciphertext and
341 * the authentication tag.
343 * Return: 0 if the cipher operation was successful; < 0 if an error occurred
345 int crypto_aead_encrypt(struct aead_request *req);
348 * crypto_aead_decrypt() - decrypt ciphertext
349 * @req: reference to the aead_request handle that holds all information
350 * needed to perform the cipher operation
352 * Decrypt ciphertext data using the aead_request handle. That data structure
353 * and how it is filled with data is discussed with the aead_request_*
356 * IMPORTANT NOTE The caller must concatenate the ciphertext followed by the
357 * authentication data / tag. That authentication data / tag
358 * must have the size defined by the crypto_aead_setauthsize
362 * Return: 0 if the cipher operation was successful; -EBADMSG: The AEAD
363 * cipher operation performs the authentication of the data during the
364 * decryption operation. Therefore, the function returns this error if
365 * the authentication of the ciphertext was unsuccessful (i.e. the
366 * integrity of the ciphertext or the associated data was violated);
367 * < 0 if an error occurred.
369 int crypto_aead_decrypt(struct aead_request *req);
372 * DOC: Asynchronous AEAD Request Handle
374 * The aead_request data structure contains all pointers to data required for
375 * the AEAD cipher operation. This includes the cipher handle (which can be
376 * used by multiple aead_request instances), pointer to plaintext and
377 * ciphertext, asynchronous callback function, etc. It acts as a handle to the
378 * aead_request_* API calls in a similar way as AEAD handle to the
379 * crypto_aead_* API calls.
383 * crypto_aead_reqsize() - obtain size of the request data structure
384 * @tfm: cipher handle
386 * Return: number of bytes
388 static inline unsigned int crypto_aead_reqsize(struct crypto_aead *tfm)
394 * aead_request_set_tfm() - update cipher handle reference in request
395 * @req: request handle to be modified
396 * @tfm: cipher handle that shall be added to the request handle
398 * Allow the caller to replace the existing aead handle in the request
399 * data structure with a different one.
401 static inline void aead_request_set_tfm(struct aead_request *req,
402 struct crypto_aead *tfm)
404 req->base.tfm = crypto_aead_tfm(tfm);
408 * aead_request_alloc() - allocate request data structure
409 * @tfm: cipher handle to be registered with the request
410 * @gfp: memory allocation flag that is handed to kmalloc by the API call.
412 * Allocate the request data structure that must be used with the AEAD
413 * encrypt and decrypt API calls. During the allocation, the provided aead
414 * handle is registered in the request data structure.
416 * Return: allocated request handle in case of success, or NULL if out of memory
418 static inline struct aead_request *aead_request_alloc(struct crypto_aead *tfm,
421 struct aead_request *req;
423 req = kmalloc(sizeof(*req) + crypto_aead_reqsize(tfm), gfp);
426 aead_request_set_tfm(req, tfm);
432 * aead_request_free() - zeroize and free request data structure
433 * @req: request data structure cipher handle to be freed
435 static inline void aead_request_free(struct aead_request *req)
437 kfree_sensitive(req);
441 * aead_request_set_callback() - set asynchronous callback function
442 * @req: request handle
443 * @flags: specify zero or an ORing of the flags
444 * CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG the request queue may back log and
445 * increase the wait queue beyond the initial maximum size;
446 * CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP the request processing may sleep
447 * @compl: callback function pointer to be registered with the request handle
448 * @data: The data pointer refers to memory that is not used by the kernel
449 * crypto API, but provided to the callback function for it to use. Here,
450 * the caller can provide a reference to memory the callback function can
451 * operate on. As the callback function is invoked asynchronously to the
452 * related functionality, it may need to access data structures of the
453 * related functionality which can be referenced using this pointer. The
454 * callback function can access the memory via the "data" field in the
455 * crypto_async_request data structure provided to the callback function.
457 * Setting the callback function that is triggered once the cipher operation
460 * The callback function is registered with the aead_request handle and
461 * must comply with the following template::
463 * void callback_function(struct crypto_async_request *req, int error)
465 static inline void aead_request_set_callback(struct aead_request *req,
467 crypto_completion_t compl,
470 req->base.complete = compl;
471 req->base.data = data;
472 req->base.flags = flags;
476 * aead_request_set_crypt - set data buffers
477 * @req: request handle
478 * @src: source scatter / gather list
479 * @dst: destination scatter / gather list
480 * @cryptlen: number of bytes to process from @src
481 * @iv: IV for the cipher operation which must comply with the IV size defined
482 * by crypto_aead_ivsize()
484 * Setting the source data and destination data scatter / gather lists which
485 * hold the associated data concatenated with the plaintext or ciphertext. See
486 * below for the authentication tag.
488 * For encryption, the source is treated as the plaintext and the
489 * destination is the ciphertext. For a decryption operation, the use is
490 * reversed - the source is the ciphertext and the destination is the plaintext.
492 * The memory structure for cipher operation has the following structure:
494 * - AEAD encryption input: assoc data || plaintext
495 * - AEAD encryption output: assoc data || ciphertext || auth tag
496 * - AEAD decryption input: assoc data || ciphertext || auth tag
497 * - AEAD decryption output: assoc data || plaintext
499 * Albeit the kernel requires the presence of the AAD buffer, however,
500 * the kernel does not fill the AAD buffer in the output case. If the
501 * caller wants to have that data buffer filled, the caller must either
502 * use an in-place cipher operation (i.e. same memory location for
503 * input/output memory location).
505 static inline void aead_request_set_crypt(struct aead_request *req,
506 struct scatterlist *src,
507 struct scatterlist *dst,
508 unsigned int cryptlen, u8 *iv)
512 req->cryptlen = cryptlen;
517 * aead_request_set_ad - set associated data information
518 * @req: request handle
519 * @assoclen: number of bytes in associated data
521 * Setting the AD information. This function sets the length of
522 * the associated data.
524 static inline void aead_request_set_ad(struct aead_request *req,
525 unsigned int assoclen)
527 req->assoclen = assoclen;
530 #endif /* _CRYPTO_AEAD_H */