2 * core.c - Kernel Live Patching Core
5 * Copyright (C) 2014 SUSE
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
10 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/mutex.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
28 #include <linux/list.h>
29 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
30 #include <linux/livepatch.h>
33 * struct klp_ops - structure for tracking registered ftrace ops structs
35 * A single ftrace_ops is shared between all enabled replacement functions
36 * (klp_func structs) which have the same old_addr. This allows the switch
37 * between function versions to happen instantaneously by updating the klp_ops
38 * struct's func_stack list. The winner is the klp_func at the top of the
39 * func_stack (front of the list).
41 * @node: node for the global klp_ops list
42 * @func_stack: list head for the stack of klp_func's (active func is on top)
43 * @fops: registered ftrace ops struct
46 struct list_head node;
47 struct list_head func_stack;
48 struct ftrace_ops fops;
52 * The klp_mutex protects the global lists and state transitions of any
53 * structure reachable from them. References to any structure must be obtained
54 * under mutex protection (except in klp_ftrace_handler(), which uses RCU to
55 * ensure it gets consistent data).
57 static DEFINE_MUTEX(klp_mutex);
59 static LIST_HEAD(klp_patches);
60 static LIST_HEAD(klp_ops);
62 static struct kobject *klp_root_kobj;
64 static struct klp_ops *klp_find_ops(unsigned long old_addr)
67 struct klp_func *func;
69 list_for_each_entry(ops, &klp_ops, node) {
70 func = list_first_entry(&ops->func_stack, struct klp_func,
72 if (func->old_addr == old_addr)
79 static bool klp_is_module(struct klp_object *obj)
84 static bool klp_is_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj)
86 return !obj->name || obj->mod;
89 /* sets obj->mod if object is not vmlinux and module is found */
90 static void klp_find_object_module(struct klp_object *obj)
94 if (!klp_is_module(obj))
97 mutex_lock(&module_mutex);
99 * We do not want to block removal of patched modules and therefore
100 * we do not take a reference here. The patches are removed by
101 * a going module handler instead.
103 mod = find_module(obj->name);
105 * Do not mess work of the module coming and going notifiers.
106 * Note that the patch might still be needed before the going handler
107 * is called. Module functions can be called even in the GOING state
108 * until mod->exit() finishes. This is especially important for
109 * patches that modify semantic of the functions.
111 if (mod && mod->klp_alive)
114 mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
117 /* klp_mutex must be held by caller */
118 static bool klp_is_patch_registered(struct klp_patch *patch)
120 struct klp_patch *mypatch;
122 list_for_each_entry(mypatch, &klp_patches, list)
123 if (mypatch == patch)
129 static bool klp_initialized(void)
131 return klp_root_kobj;
134 struct klp_find_arg {
139 * If count == 0, the symbol was not found. If count == 1, a unique
140 * match was found and addr is set. If count > 1, there is
141 * unresolvable ambiguity among "count" number of symbols with the same
142 * name in the same object.
147 static int klp_find_callback(void *data, const char *name,
148 struct module *mod, unsigned long addr)
150 struct klp_find_arg *args = data;
152 if ((mod && !args->objname) || (!mod && args->objname))
155 if (strcmp(args->name, name))
158 if (args->objname && strcmp(args->objname, mod->name))
162 * args->addr might be overwritten if another match is found
163 * but klp_find_object_symbol() handles this and only returns the
164 * addr if count == 1.
172 static int klp_find_object_symbol(const char *objname, const char *name,
175 struct klp_find_arg args = {
182 kallsyms_on_each_symbol(klp_find_callback, &args);
185 pr_err("symbol '%s' not found in symbol table\n", name);
186 else if (args.count > 1)
187 pr_err("unresolvable ambiguity (%lu matches) on symbol '%s' in object '%s'\n",
188 args.count, name, objname);
198 struct klp_verify_args {
200 const unsigned long addr;
203 static int klp_verify_callback(void *data, const char *name,
204 struct module *mod, unsigned long addr)
206 struct klp_verify_args *args = data;
209 !strcmp(args->name, name) &&
216 static int klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol(const char *name, unsigned long addr)
218 struct klp_verify_args args = {
223 if (kallsyms_on_each_symbol(klp_verify_callback, &args))
226 pr_err("symbol '%s' not found at specified address 0x%016lx, kernel mismatch?\n",
231 static int klp_find_verify_func_addr(struct klp_object *obj,
232 struct klp_func *func)
236 #if defined(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE)
237 /* KASLR is enabled, disregard old_addr from user */
241 if (!func->old_addr || klp_is_module(obj))
242 ret = klp_find_object_symbol(obj->name, func->old_name,
245 ret = klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol(func->old_name,
252 * external symbols are located outside the parent object (where the parent
253 * object is either vmlinux or the kmod being patched).
255 static int klp_find_external_symbol(struct module *pmod, const char *name,
258 const struct kernel_symbol *sym;
260 /* first, check if it's an exported symbol */
262 sym = find_symbol(name, NULL, NULL, true, true);
270 /* otherwise check if it's in another .o within the patch module */
271 return klp_find_object_symbol(pmod->name, name, addr);
274 static int klp_write_object_relocations(struct module *pmod,
275 struct klp_object *obj)
278 struct klp_reloc *reloc;
280 if (WARN_ON(!klp_is_object_loaded(obj)))
283 if (WARN_ON(!obj->relocs))
286 for (reloc = obj->relocs; reloc->name; reloc++) {
287 if (!klp_is_module(obj)) {
288 ret = klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol(reloc->name,
293 /* module, reloc->val needs to be discovered */
295 ret = klp_find_external_symbol(pmod,
299 ret = klp_find_object_symbol(obj->mod->name,
305 ret = klp_write_module_reloc(pmod, reloc->type, reloc->loc,
306 reloc->val + reloc->addend);
308 pr_err("relocation failed for symbol '%s' at 0x%016lx (%d)\n",
309 reloc->name, reloc->val, ret);
317 static void notrace klp_ftrace_handler(unsigned long ip,
318 unsigned long parent_ip,
319 struct ftrace_ops *fops,
320 struct pt_regs *regs)
323 struct klp_func *func;
325 ops = container_of(fops, struct klp_ops, fops);
328 func = list_first_or_null_rcu(&ops->func_stack, struct klp_func,
330 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!func))
333 klp_arch_set_pc(regs, (unsigned long)func->new_func);
338 static int klp_disable_func(struct klp_func *func)
343 if (WARN_ON(func->state != KLP_ENABLED))
346 if (WARN_ON(!func->old_addr))
349 ops = klp_find_ops(func->old_addr);
353 if (list_is_singular(&ops->func_stack)) {
354 ret = unregister_ftrace_function(&ops->fops);
356 pr_err("failed to unregister ftrace handler for function '%s' (%d)\n",
357 func->old_name, ret);
361 ret = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, func->old_addr, 1, 0);
363 pr_warn("function unregister succeeded but failed to clear the filter\n");
365 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
366 list_del(&ops->node);
369 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
372 func->state = KLP_DISABLED;
377 static int klp_enable_func(struct klp_func *func)
382 if (WARN_ON(!func->old_addr))
385 if (WARN_ON(func->state != KLP_DISABLED))
388 ops = klp_find_ops(func->old_addr);
390 ops = kzalloc(sizeof(*ops), GFP_KERNEL);
394 ops->fops.func = klp_ftrace_handler;
395 ops->fops.flags = FTRACE_OPS_FL_SAVE_REGS |
396 FTRACE_OPS_FL_DYNAMIC |
397 FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY;
399 list_add(&ops->node, &klp_ops);
401 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ops->func_stack);
402 list_add_rcu(&func->stack_node, &ops->func_stack);
404 ret = ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, func->old_addr, 0, 0);
406 pr_err("failed to set ftrace filter for function '%s' (%d)\n",
407 func->old_name, ret);
411 ret = register_ftrace_function(&ops->fops);
413 pr_err("failed to register ftrace handler for function '%s' (%d)\n",
414 func->old_name, ret);
415 ftrace_set_filter_ip(&ops->fops, func->old_addr, 1, 0);
421 list_add_rcu(&func->stack_node, &ops->func_stack);
424 func->state = KLP_ENABLED;
429 list_del_rcu(&func->stack_node);
430 list_del(&ops->node);
435 static int klp_disable_object(struct klp_object *obj)
437 struct klp_func *func;
440 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name; func++) {
441 if (func->state != KLP_ENABLED)
444 ret = klp_disable_func(func);
449 obj->state = KLP_DISABLED;
454 static int klp_enable_object(struct klp_object *obj)
456 struct klp_func *func;
459 if (WARN_ON(obj->state != KLP_DISABLED))
462 if (WARN_ON(!klp_is_object_loaded(obj)))
465 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name; func++) {
466 ret = klp_enable_func(func);
470 obj->state = KLP_ENABLED;
475 WARN_ON(klp_disable_object(obj));
479 static int __klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
481 struct klp_object *obj;
484 /* enforce stacking: only the last enabled patch can be disabled */
485 if (!list_is_last(&patch->list, &klp_patches) &&
486 list_next_entry(patch, list)->state == KLP_ENABLED)
489 pr_notice("disabling patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name);
491 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs; obj++) {
492 if (obj->state != KLP_ENABLED)
495 ret = klp_disable_object(obj);
500 patch->state = KLP_DISABLED;
506 * klp_disable_patch() - disables a registered patch
507 * @patch: The registered, enabled patch to be disabled
509 * Unregisters the patched functions from ftrace.
511 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
513 int klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
517 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
519 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
524 if (patch->state == KLP_DISABLED) {
529 ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch);
532 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
535 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_disable_patch);
537 static int __klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
539 struct klp_object *obj;
542 if (WARN_ON(patch->state != KLP_DISABLED))
545 /* enforce stacking: only the first disabled patch can be enabled */
546 if (patch->list.prev != &klp_patches &&
547 list_prev_entry(patch, list)->state == KLP_DISABLED)
550 pr_notice_once("tainting kernel with TAINT_LIVEPATCH\n");
551 add_taint(TAINT_LIVEPATCH, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
553 pr_notice("enabling patch '%s'\n", patch->mod->name);
555 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs; obj++) {
556 klp_find_object_module(obj);
558 if (!klp_is_object_loaded(obj))
561 ret = klp_enable_object(obj);
566 patch->state = KLP_ENABLED;
571 WARN_ON(__klp_disable_patch(patch));
576 * klp_enable_patch() - enables a registered patch
577 * @patch: The registered, disabled patch to be enabled
579 * Performs the needed symbol lookups and code relocations,
580 * then registers the patched functions with ftrace.
582 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
584 int klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
588 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
590 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
595 ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch);
598 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
601 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_enable_patch);
606 * /sys/kernel/livepatch
607 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>
608 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled
609 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>
610 * /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>/<func>
613 static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
614 const char *buf, size_t count)
616 struct klp_patch *patch;
620 ret = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &val);
624 if (val != KLP_DISABLED && val != KLP_ENABLED)
627 patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj);
629 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
631 if (val == patch->state) {
632 /* already in requested state */
637 if (val == KLP_ENABLED) {
638 ret = __klp_enable_patch(patch);
642 ret = __klp_disable_patch(patch);
647 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
652 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
656 static ssize_t enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj,
657 struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
659 struct klp_patch *patch;
661 patch = container_of(kobj, struct klp_patch, kobj);
662 return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE-1, "%d\n", patch->state);
665 static struct kobj_attribute enabled_kobj_attr = __ATTR_RW(enabled);
666 static struct attribute *klp_patch_attrs[] = {
667 &enabled_kobj_attr.attr,
671 static void klp_kobj_release_patch(struct kobject *kobj)
674 * Once we have a consistency model we'll need to module_put() the
675 * patch module here. See klp_register_patch() for more details.
679 static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_patch = {
680 .release = klp_kobj_release_patch,
681 .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
682 .default_attrs = klp_patch_attrs,
685 static void klp_kobj_release_func(struct kobject *kobj)
689 static struct kobj_type klp_ktype_func = {
690 .release = klp_kobj_release_func,
691 .sysfs_ops = &kobj_sysfs_ops,
695 * Free all functions' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is
696 * NULL, all kobjects are freed.
698 static void klp_free_funcs_limited(struct klp_object *obj,
699 struct klp_func *limit)
701 struct klp_func *func;
703 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name && func != limit; func++)
704 kobject_put(&func->kobj);
707 /* Clean up when a patched object is unloaded */
708 static void klp_free_object_loaded(struct klp_object *obj)
710 struct klp_func *func;
714 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name; func++)
719 * Free all objects' kobjects in the array up to some limit. When limit is
720 * NULL, all kobjects are freed.
722 static void klp_free_objects_limited(struct klp_patch *patch,
723 struct klp_object *limit)
725 struct klp_object *obj;
727 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs && obj != limit; obj++) {
728 klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, NULL);
729 kobject_put(obj->kobj);
733 static void klp_free_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
735 klp_free_objects_limited(patch, NULL);
736 if (!list_empty(&patch->list))
737 list_del(&patch->list);
738 kobject_put(&patch->kobj);
741 static int klp_init_func(struct klp_object *obj, struct klp_func *func)
743 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&func->stack_node);
744 func->state = KLP_DISABLED;
746 return kobject_init_and_add(&func->kobj, &klp_ktype_func,
747 obj->kobj, "%s", func->old_name);
750 /* parts of the initialization that is done only when the object is loaded */
751 static int klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch,
752 struct klp_object *obj)
754 struct klp_func *func;
758 ret = klp_write_object_relocations(patch->mod, obj);
763 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name; func++) {
764 ret = klp_find_verify_func_addr(obj, func);
772 static int klp_init_object(struct klp_patch *patch, struct klp_object *obj)
774 struct klp_func *func;
781 obj->state = KLP_DISABLED;
784 klp_find_object_module(obj);
786 name = klp_is_module(obj) ? obj->name : "vmlinux";
787 obj->kobj = kobject_create_and_add(name, &patch->kobj);
791 for (func = obj->funcs; func->old_name; func++) {
792 ret = klp_init_func(obj, func);
797 if (klp_is_object_loaded(obj)) {
798 ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj);
806 klp_free_funcs_limited(obj, func);
807 kobject_put(obj->kobj);
811 static int klp_init_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
813 struct klp_object *obj;
819 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
821 patch->state = KLP_DISABLED;
823 ret = kobject_init_and_add(&patch->kobj, &klp_ktype_patch,
824 klp_root_kobj, "%s", patch->mod->name);
828 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs; obj++) {
829 ret = klp_init_object(patch, obj);
834 list_add_tail(&patch->list, &klp_patches);
836 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
841 klp_free_objects_limited(patch, obj);
842 kobject_put(&patch->kobj);
844 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
849 * klp_unregister_patch() - unregisters a patch
850 * @patch: Disabled patch to be unregistered
852 * Frees the data structures and removes the sysfs interface.
854 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
856 int klp_unregister_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
860 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
862 if (!klp_is_patch_registered(patch)) {
867 if (patch->state == KLP_ENABLED) {
872 klp_free_patch(patch);
875 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
878 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_unregister_patch);
881 * klp_register_patch() - registers a patch
882 * @patch: Patch to be registered
884 * Initializes the data structure associated with the patch and
885 * creates the sysfs interface.
887 * Return: 0 on success, otherwise error
889 int klp_register_patch(struct klp_patch *patch)
893 if (!klp_initialized())
896 if (!patch || !patch->mod)
900 * A reference is taken on the patch module to prevent it from being
901 * unloaded. Right now, we don't allow patch modules to unload since
902 * there is currently no method to determine if a thread is still
903 * running in the patched code contained in the patch module once
904 * the ftrace registration is successful.
906 if (!try_module_get(patch->mod))
909 ret = klp_init_patch(patch);
911 module_put(patch->mod);
915 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(klp_register_patch);
917 static void klp_module_notify_coming(struct klp_patch *patch,
918 struct klp_object *obj)
920 struct module *pmod = patch->mod;
921 struct module *mod = obj->mod;
924 ret = klp_init_object_loaded(patch, obj);
928 if (patch->state == KLP_DISABLED)
931 pr_notice("applying patch '%s' to loading module '%s'\n",
932 pmod->name, mod->name);
934 ret = klp_enable_object(obj);
939 pr_warn("failed to apply patch '%s' to module '%s' (%d)\n",
940 pmod->name, mod->name, ret);
943 static void klp_module_notify_going(struct klp_patch *patch,
944 struct klp_object *obj)
946 struct module *pmod = patch->mod;
947 struct module *mod = obj->mod;
950 if (patch->state == KLP_DISABLED)
953 pr_notice("reverting patch '%s' on unloading module '%s'\n",
954 pmod->name, mod->name);
956 ret = klp_disable_object(obj);
958 pr_warn("failed to revert patch '%s' on module '%s' (%d)\n",
959 pmod->name, mod->name, ret);
962 klp_free_object_loaded(obj);
965 static int klp_module_notify(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action,
968 struct module *mod = data;
969 struct klp_patch *patch;
970 struct klp_object *obj;
972 if (action != MODULE_STATE_COMING && action != MODULE_STATE_GOING)
975 mutex_lock(&klp_mutex);
978 * Each module has to know that the notifier has been called.
979 * We never know what module will get patched by a new patch.
981 if (action == MODULE_STATE_COMING)
982 mod->klp_alive = true;
983 else /* MODULE_STATE_GOING */
984 mod->klp_alive = false;
986 list_for_each_entry(patch, &klp_patches, list) {
987 for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs; obj++) {
988 if (!klp_is_module(obj) || strcmp(obj->name, mod->name))
991 if (action == MODULE_STATE_COMING) {
993 klp_module_notify_coming(patch, obj);
994 } else /* MODULE_STATE_GOING */
995 klp_module_notify_going(patch, obj);
1001 mutex_unlock(&klp_mutex);
1006 static struct notifier_block klp_module_nb = {
1007 .notifier_call = klp_module_notify,
1008 .priority = INT_MIN+1, /* called late but before ftrace notifier */
1011 static int klp_init(void)
1015 ret = klp_check_compiler_support();
1017 pr_info("Your compiler is too old; turning off.\n");
1021 ret = register_module_notifier(&klp_module_nb);
1025 klp_root_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("livepatch", kernel_kobj);
1026 if (!klp_root_kobj) {
1034 unregister_module_notifier(&klp_module_nb);
1038 module_init(klp_init);