2 * Intel CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
7 * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on Intel processors
8 * belonging to IA-32 family - PentiumPro, Pentium II,
9 * Pentium III, Xeon, Pentium 4, etc.
11 * Reference: Section 8.11 of Volume 3a, IA-32 Intel? Architecture
12 * Software Developer's Manual
13 * Order Number 253668 or free download from:
15 * http://developer.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253668.pdf
17 * For more information, go to http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode
19 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
20 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
21 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
22 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
27 * Added read() support + cleanups.
29 * Added 'device trimming' support. open(O_WRONLY) zeroes
30 * and frees the saved copy of applied microcode.
32 * Made to use devfs (/dev/cpu/microcode) + cleanups.
34 * Added misc device support (now uses both devfs and misc).
35 * Added MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl to clear memory.
37 * Messages for error cases (non Intel & no suitable microcode).
39 * Removed ->release(). Removed exclusive open and status bitmap.
40 * Added microcode_rwsem to serialize read()/write()/ioctl().
41 * Removed global kernel lock usage.
43 * Write 0 to 0x8B msr and then cpuid before reading revision,
44 * so that it works even if there were no update done by the
45 * BIOS. Otherwise, reading from 0x8B gives junk (which happened
46 * to be 0 on my machine which is why it worked even when I
47 * disabled update by the BIOS)
51 * Intel Pentium 4 processor support and bugfixes.
53 * Bugfix for HT (Hyper-Threading) enabled processors
54 * whereby processor resources are shared by all logical processors
55 * in a single CPU package.
58 * Serialize updates as required on HT processors due to
59 * speculative nature of implementation.
61 * Fix the panic when writing zero-length microcode chunk.
64 * Support for the microcode updates in the new format.
66 * Removed ->read() method and obsoleted MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl
67 * because we no longer hold a copy of applied microcode
70 * Fix sigmatch() macro to handle old CPUs with pf == 0.
71 * Thanks to Stuart Swales for pointing out this bug.
74 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
76 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
77 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
78 #include <linux/capability.h>
79 #include <linux/kernel.h>
80 #include <linux/module.h>
81 #include <linux/mutex.h>
82 #include <linux/cpu.h>
85 #include <linux/syscore_ops.h>
87 #include <asm/microcode.h>
88 #include <asm/processor.h>
89 #include <asm/cpu_device_id.h>
90 #include <asm/perf_event.h>
92 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Microcode Update Driver");
94 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
96 #define MICROCODE_VERSION "2.00"
98 static struct microcode_ops *microcode_ops;
101 module_param(dis_ucode_ldr, bool, 0);
106 * All non cpu-hotplug-callback call sites use:
108 * - microcode_mutex to synchronize with each other;
109 * - get/put_online_cpus() to synchronize with
110 * the cpu-hotplug-callback call sites.
112 * We guarantee that only a single cpu is being
113 * updated at any particular moment of time.
115 static DEFINE_MUTEX(microcode_mutex);
117 struct ucode_cpu_info ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS];
118 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ucode_cpu_info);
121 * Operations that are run on a target cpu:
124 struct cpu_info_ctx {
125 struct cpu_signature *cpu_sig;
129 static void collect_cpu_info_local(void *arg)
131 struct cpu_info_ctx *ctx = arg;
133 ctx->err = microcode_ops->collect_cpu_info(smp_processor_id(),
137 static int collect_cpu_info_on_target(int cpu, struct cpu_signature *cpu_sig)
139 struct cpu_info_ctx ctx = { .cpu_sig = cpu_sig, .err = 0 };
142 ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, collect_cpu_info_local, &ctx, 1);
149 static int collect_cpu_info(int cpu)
151 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
154 memset(uci, 0, sizeof(*uci));
156 ret = collect_cpu_info_on_target(cpu, &uci->cpu_sig);
163 struct apply_microcode_ctx {
167 static void apply_microcode_local(void *arg)
169 struct apply_microcode_ctx *ctx = arg;
171 ctx->err = microcode_ops->apply_microcode(smp_processor_id());
174 static int apply_microcode_on_target(int cpu)
176 struct apply_microcode_ctx ctx = { .err = 0 };
179 ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, apply_microcode_local, &ctx, 1);
186 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
187 static int do_microcode_update(const void __user *buf, size_t size)
192 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
193 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
194 enum ucode_state ustate;
199 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_user(cpu, buf, size);
200 if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR) {
203 } else if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
204 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
210 static int microcode_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
212 return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? nonseekable_open(inode, file) : -EPERM;
215 static ssize_t microcode_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
216 size_t len, loff_t *ppos)
218 ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
220 if ((len >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages) {
221 pr_err("too much data (max %ld pages)\n", totalram_pages);
226 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
228 if (do_microcode_update(buf, len) == 0)
232 perf_check_microcode();
234 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
240 static const struct file_operations microcode_fops = {
241 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
242 .write = microcode_write,
243 .open = microcode_open,
247 static struct miscdevice microcode_dev = {
248 .minor = MICROCODE_MINOR,
250 .nodename = "cpu/microcode",
251 .fops = µcode_fops,
254 static int __init microcode_dev_init(void)
258 error = misc_register(µcode_dev);
260 pr_err("can't misc_register on minor=%d\n", MICROCODE_MINOR);
267 static void __exit microcode_dev_exit(void)
269 misc_deregister(µcode_dev);
272 MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(MICROCODE_MINOR);
273 MODULE_ALIAS("devname:cpu/microcode");
275 #define microcode_dev_init() 0
276 #define microcode_dev_exit() do { } while (0)
279 /* fake device for request_firmware */
280 static struct platform_device *microcode_pdev;
282 static int reload_for_cpu(int cpu)
284 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
285 enum ucode_state ustate;
291 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, µcode_pdev->dev, true);
292 if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
293 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
295 if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR)
300 static ssize_t reload_store(struct device *dev,
301 struct device_attribute *attr,
302 const char *buf, size_t size)
306 ssize_t ret = 0, tmp_ret;
308 ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &val);
316 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
317 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
318 tmp_ret = reload_for_cpu(cpu);
320 pr_warn("Error reloading microcode on CPU %d\n", cpu);
322 /* save retval of the first encountered reload error */
327 perf_check_microcode();
328 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
337 static ssize_t version_show(struct device *dev,
338 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
340 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
342 return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.rev);
345 static ssize_t pf_show(struct device *dev,
346 struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
348 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
350 return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.pf);
353 static DEVICE_ATTR(reload, 0200, NULL, reload_store);
354 static DEVICE_ATTR(version, 0400, version_show, NULL);
355 static DEVICE_ATTR(processor_flags, 0400, pf_show, NULL);
357 static struct attribute *mc_default_attrs[] = {
358 &dev_attr_version.attr,
359 &dev_attr_processor_flags.attr,
363 static struct attribute_group mc_attr_group = {
364 .attrs = mc_default_attrs,
368 static void microcode_fini_cpu(int cpu)
370 microcode_ops->microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
373 static enum ucode_state microcode_resume_cpu(int cpu)
375 pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon resume\n", cpu);
377 if (apply_microcode_on_target(cpu))
383 static enum ucode_state microcode_init_cpu(int cpu, bool refresh_fw)
385 enum ucode_state ustate;
386 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
388 if (uci && uci->valid)
391 if (collect_cpu_info(cpu))
394 /* --dimm. Trigger a delayed update? */
395 if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
398 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, µcode_pdev->dev,
401 if (ustate == UCODE_OK) {
402 pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon init\n", cpu);
403 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
409 static enum ucode_state microcode_update_cpu(int cpu)
411 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
414 return microcode_resume_cpu(cpu);
416 return microcode_init_cpu(cpu, false);
419 static int mc_device_add(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif)
421 int err, cpu = dev->id;
423 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
426 pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
428 err = sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
432 if (microcode_init_cpu(cpu, true) == UCODE_ERROR)
438 static int mc_device_remove(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif)
442 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
445 pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
446 microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
447 sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
451 static struct subsys_interface mc_cpu_interface = {
453 .subsys = &cpu_subsys,
454 .add_dev = mc_device_add,
455 .remove_dev = mc_device_remove,
459 * mc_bp_resume - Update boot CPU microcode during resume.
461 static void mc_bp_resume(void)
463 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
464 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
466 if (uci->valid && uci->mc)
467 microcode_ops->apply_microcode(cpu);
469 reload_early_microcode();
472 static struct syscore_ops mc_syscore_ops = {
473 .resume = mc_bp_resume,
477 mc_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
479 unsigned int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
482 dev = get_cpu_device(cpu);
484 switch (action & ~CPU_TASKS_FROZEN) {
486 microcode_update_cpu(cpu);
487 pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
489 * "break" is missing on purpose here because we want to fall
490 * through in order to create the sysfs group.
493 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
494 if (sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group))
495 pr_err("Failed to create group for CPU%d\n", cpu);
498 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
499 /* Suspend is in progress, only remove the interface */
500 sysfs_remove_group(&dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
501 pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
507 * When a CPU goes offline, don't free up or invalidate the copy of
508 * the microcode in kernel memory, so that we can reuse it when the
509 * CPU comes back online without unnecessarily requesting the userspace
514 /* The CPU refused to come up during a system resume */
515 if (action == CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN)
516 microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
521 static struct notifier_block __refdata mc_cpu_notifier = {
522 .notifier_call = mc_cpu_callback,
526 /* Autoload on Intel and AMD systems */
527 static const struct x86_cpu_id __initconst microcode_id[] = {
528 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_INTEL
529 { X86_VENDOR_INTEL, X86_FAMILY_ANY, X86_MODEL_ANY, },
531 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_AMD
532 { X86_VENDOR_AMD, X86_FAMILY_ANY, X86_MODEL_ANY, },
536 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(x86cpu, microcode_id);
539 static struct attribute *cpu_root_microcode_attrs[] = {
540 &dev_attr_reload.attr,
544 static struct attribute_group cpu_root_microcode_group = {
546 .attrs = cpu_root_microcode_attrs,
549 static int __init microcode_init(void)
551 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(0);
554 if (paravirt_enabled() || dis_ucode_ldr)
557 if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
558 microcode_ops = init_intel_microcode();
559 else if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
560 microcode_ops = init_amd_microcode();
562 pr_err("no support for this CPU vendor\n");
567 microcode_pdev = platform_device_register_simple("microcode", -1,
569 if (IS_ERR(microcode_pdev))
570 return PTR_ERR(microcode_pdev);
573 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
575 error = subsys_interface_register(&mc_cpu_interface);
577 perf_check_microcode();
578 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
584 error = sysfs_create_group(&cpu_subsys.dev_root->kobj,
585 &cpu_root_microcode_group);
588 pr_err("Error creating microcode group!\n");
592 error = microcode_dev_init();
594 goto out_ucode_group;
596 register_syscore_ops(&mc_syscore_ops);
597 register_hotcpu_notifier(&mc_cpu_notifier);
599 pr_info("Microcode Update Driver: v" MICROCODE_VERSION
605 sysfs_remove_group(&cpu_subsys.dev_root->kobj,
606 &cpu_root_microcode_group);
610 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
612 subsys_interface_unregister(&mc_cpu_interface);
614 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
618 platform_device_unregister(microcode_pdev);
622 module_init(microcode_init);
624 static void __exit microcode_exit(void)
626 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(0);
628 microcode_dev_exit();
630 unregister_hotcpu_notifier(&mc_cpu_notifier);
631 unregister_syscore_ops(&mc_syscore_ops);
633 sysfs_remove_group(&cpu_subsys.dev_root->kobj,
634 &cpu_root_microcode_group);
637 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
639 subsys_interface_unregister(&mc_cpu_interface);
641 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
644 platform_device_unregister(microcode_pdev);
646 microcode_ops = NULL;
648 if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
649 exit_amd_microcode();
651 pr_info("Microcode Update Driver: v" MICROCODE_VERSION " removed.\n");
653 module_exit(microcode_exit);