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1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /*
3  * arch/arm/kernel/unwind.c
4  *
5  * Copyright (C) 2008 ARM Limited
6  *
7  * Stack unwinding support for ARM
8  *
9  * An ARM EABI version of gcc is required to generate the unwind
10  * tables. For information about the structure of the unwind tables,
11  * see "Exception Handling ABI for the ARM Architecture" at:
12  *
13  * http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.subset.swdev.abi/index.html
14  */
15
16 #ifndef __CHECKER__
17 #if !defined (__ARM_EABI__)
18 #warning Your compiler does not have EABI support.
19 #warning    ARM unwind is known to compile only with EABI compilers.
20 #warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
21 #endif
22 #endif /* __CHECKER__ */
23
24 #include <linux/kernel.h>
25 #include <linux/init.h>
26 #include <linux/export.h>
27 #include <linux/sched.h>
28 #include <linux/slab.h>
29 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
30 #include <linux/list.h>
31
32 #include <asm/stacktrace.h>
33 #include <asm/traps.h>
34 #include <asm/unwind.h>
35
36 /* Dummy functions to avoid linker complaints */
37 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0(void)
38 {
39 };
40 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr0);
41
42 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1(void)
43 {
44 };
45 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr1);
46
47 void __aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2(void)
48 {
49 };
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__aeabi_unwind_cpp_pr2);
51
52 struct unwind_ctrl_block {
53         unsigned long vrs[16];          /* virtual register set */
54         const unsigned long *insn;      /* pointer to the current instructions word */
55         unsigned long sp_high;          /* highest value of sp allowed */
56         /*
57          * 1 : check for stack overflow for each register pop.
58          * 0 : save overhead if there is plenty of stack remaining.
59          */
60         int check_each_pop;
61         int entries;                    /* number of entries left to interpret */
62         int byte;                       /* current byte number in the instructions word */
63 };
64
65 enum regs {
66 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
67         FP = 7,
68 #else
69         FP = 11,
70 #endif
71         SP = 13,
72         LR = 14,
73         PC = 15
74 };
75
76 extern const struct unwind_idx __start_unwind_idx[];
77 static const struct unwind_idx *__origin_unwind_idx;
78 extern const struct unwind_idx __stop_unwind_idx[];
79
80 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(unwind_lock);
81 static LIST_HEAD(unwind_tables);
82
83 /* Convert a prel31 symbol to an absolute address */
84 #define prel31_to_addr(ptr)                             \
85 ({                                                      \
86         /* sign-extend to 32 bits */                    \
87         long offset = (((long)*(ptr)) << 1) >> 1;       \
88         (unsigned long)(ptr) + offset;                  \
89 })
90
91 /*
92  * Binary search in the unwind index. The entries are
93  * guaranteed to be sorted in ascending order by the linker.
94  *
95  * start = first entry
96  * origin = first entry with positive offset (or stop if there is no such entry)
97  * stop - 1 = last entry
98  */
99 static const struct unwind_idx *search_index(unsigned long addr,
100                                        const struct unwind_idx *start,
101                                        const struct unwind_idx *origin,
102                                        const struct unwind_idx *stop)
103 {
104         unsigned long addr_prel31;
105
106         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %p, %p, %p)\n",
107                         __func__, addr, start, origin, stop);
108
109         /*
110          * only search in the section with the matching sign. This way the
111          * prel31 numbers can be compared as unsigned longs.
112          */
113         if (addr < (unsigned long)start)
114                 /* negative offsets: [start; origin) */
115                 stop = origin;
116         else
117                 /* positive offsets: [origin; stop) */
118                 start = origin;
119
120         /* prel31 for address relavive to start */
121         addr_prel31 = (addr - (unsigned long)start) & 0x7fffffff;
122
123         while (start < stop - 1) {
124                 const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);
125
126                 /*
127                  * As addr_prel31 is relative to start an offset is needed to
128                  * make it relative to mid.
129                  */
130                 if (addr_prel31 - ((unsigned long)mid - (unsigned long)start) <
131                                 mid->addr_offset)
132                         stop = mid;
133                 else {
134                         /* keep addr_prel31 relative to start */
135                         addr_prel31 -= ((unsigned long)mid -
136                                         (unsigned long)start);
137                         start = mid;
138                 }
139         }
140
141         if (likely(start->addr_offset <= addr_prel31))
142                 return start;
143         else {
144                 pr_warn("unwind: Unknown symbol address %08lx\n", addr);
145                 return NULL;
146         }
147 }
148
149 static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_origin(
150                 const struct unwind_idx *start, const struct unwind_idx *stop)
151 {
152         pr_debug("%s(%p, %p)\n", __func__, start, stop);
153         while (start < stop) {
154                 const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);
155
156                 if (mid->addr_offset >= 0x40000000)
157                         /* negative offset */
158                         start = mid + 1;
159                 else
160                         /* positive offset */
161                         stop = mid;
162         }
163         pr_debug("%s -> %p\n", __func__, stop);
164         return stop;
165 }
166
167 static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_idx(unsigned long addr)
168 {
169         const struct unwind_idx *idx = NULL;
170         unsigned long flags;
171
172         pr_debug("%s(%08lx)\n", __func__, addr);
173
174         if (core_kernel_text(addr)) {
175                 if (unlikely(!__origin_unwind_idx))
176                         __origin_unwind_idx =
177                                 unwind_find_origin(__start_unwind_idx,
178                                                 __stop_unwind_idx);
179
180                 /* main unwind table */
181                 idx = search_index(addr, __start_unwind_idx,
182                                    __origin_unwind_idx,
183                                    __stop_unwind_idx);
184         } else {
185                 /* module unwind tables */
186                 struct unwind_table *table;
187
188                 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
189                 list_for_each_entry(table, &unwind_tables, list) {
190                         if (addr >= table->begin_addr &&
191                             addr < table->end_addr) {
192                                 idx = search_index(addr, table->start,
193                                                    table->origin,
194                                                    table->stop);
195                                 /* Move-to-front to exploit common traces */
196                                 list_move(&table->list, &unwind_tables);
197                                 break;
198                         }
199                 }
200                 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
201         }
202
203         pr_debug("%s: idx = %p\n", __func__, idx);
204         return idx;
205 }
206
207 static unsigned long unwind_get_byte(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
208 {
209         unsigned long ret;
210
211         if (ctrl->entries <= 0) {
212                 pr_warn("unwind: Corrupt unwind table\n");
213                 return 0;
214         }
215
216         ret = (*ctrl->insn >> (ctrl->byte * 8)) & 0xff;
217
218         if (ctrl->byte == 0) {
219                 ctrl->insn++;
220                 ctrl->entries--;
221                 ctrl->byte = 3;
222         } else
223                 ctrl->byte--;
224
225         return ret;
226 }
227
228 /* Before poping a register check whether it is feasible or not */
229 static int unwind_pop_register(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
230                                 unsigned long **vsp, unsigned int reg)
231 {
232         if (unlikely(ctrl->check_each_pop))
233                 if (*vsp >= (unsigned long *)ctrl->sp_high)
234                         return -URC_FAILURE;
235
236         /* Use READ_ONCE_NOCHECK here to avoid this memory access
237          * from being tracked by KASAN.
238          */
239         ctrl->vrs[reg] = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*(*vsp));
240         (*vsp)++;
241         return URC_OK;
242 }
243
244 /* Helper functions to execute the instructions */
245 static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
246                                                 unsigned long mask)
247 {
248         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
249         int load_sp, reg = 4;
250
251         load_sp = mask & (1 << (13 - 4));
252         while (mask) {
253                 if (mask & 1)
254                         if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
255                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
256                 mask >>= 1;
257                 reg++;
258         }
259         if (!load_sp)
260                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
261
262         return URC_OK;
263 }
264
265 static int unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
266                                         unsigned long insn)
267 {
268         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
269         int reg;
270
271         /* pop R4-R[4+bbb] */
272         for (reg = 4; reg <= 4 + (insn & 7); reg++)
273                 if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
274                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
275
276         if (insn & 0x8)
277                 if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, 14))
278                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
279
280         ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
281
282         return URC_OK;
283 }
284
285 static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
286                                                 unsigned long mask)
287 {
288         unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
289         int reg = 0;
290
291         /* pop R0-R3 according to mask */
292         while (mask) {
293                 if (mask & 1)
294                         if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
295                                 return -URC_FAILURE;
296                 mask >>= 1;
297                 reg++;
298         }
299         ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;
300
301         return URC_OK;
302 }
303
304 /*
305  * Execute the current unwind instruction.
306  */
307 static int unwind_exec_insn(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
308 {
309         unsigned long insn = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
310         int ret = URC_OK;
311
312         pr_debug("%s: insn = %08lx\n", __func__, insn);
313
314         if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x00)
315                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
316         else if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x40)
317                 ctrl->vrs[SP] -= ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
318         else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x80) {
319                 unsigned long mask;
320
321                 insn = (insn << 8) | unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
322                 mask = insn & 0x0fff;
323                 if (mask == 0) {
324                         pr_warn("unwind: 'Refuse to unwind' instruction %04lx\n",
325                                 insn);
326                         return -URC_FAILURE;
327                 }
328
329                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(ctrl, mask);
330                 if (ret)
331                         goto error;
332         } else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x90 &&
333                    (insn & 0x0d) != 0x0d)
334                 ctrl->vrs[SP] = ctrl->vrs[insn & 0x0f];
335         else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0xa0) {
336                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(ctrl, insn);
337                 if (ret)
338                         goto error;
339         } else if (insn == 0xb0) {
340                 if (ctrl->vrs[PC] == 0)
341                         ctrl->vrs[PC] = ctrl->vrs[LR];
342                 /* no further processing */
343                 ctrl->entries = 0;
344         } else if (insn == 0xb1) {
345                 unsigned long mask = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
346
347                 if (mask == 0 || mask & 0xf0) {
348                         pr_warn("unwind: Spare encoding %04lx\n",
349                                 (insn << 8) | mask);
350                         return -URC_FAILURE;
351                 }
352
353                 ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(ctrl, mask);
354                 if (ret)
355                         goto error;
356         } else if (insn == 0xb2) {
357                 unsigned long uleb128 = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
358
359                 ctrl->vrs[SP] += 0x204 + (uleb128 << 2);
360         } else {
361                 pr_warn("unwind: Unhandled instruction %02lx\n", insn);
362                 return -URC_FAILURE;
363         }
364
365         pr_debug("%s: fp = %08lx sp = %08lx lr = %08lx pc = %08lx\n", __func__,
366                  ctrl->vrs[FP], ctrl->vrs[SP], ctrl->vrs[LR], ctrl->vrs[PC]);
367
368 error:
369         return ret;
370 }
371
372 /*
373  * Unwind a single frame starting with *sp for the symbol at *pc. It
374  * updates the *pc and *sp with the new values.
375  */
376 int unwind_frame(struct stackframe *frame)
377 {
378         unsigned long low;
379         const struct unwind_idx *idx;
380         struct unwind_ctrl_block ctrl;
381
382         /* store the highest address on the stack to avoid crossing it*/
383         low = frame->sp;
384         ctrl.sp_high = ALIGN(low, THREAD_SIZE);
385
386         pr_debug("%s(pc = %08lx lr = %08lx sp = %08lx)\n", __func__,
387                  frame->pc, frame->lr, frame->sp);
388
389         if (!kernel_text_address(frame->pc))
390                 return -URC_FAILURE;
391
392         idx = unwind_find_idx(frame->pc);
393         if (!idx) {
394                 pr_warn("unwind: Index not found %08lx\n", frame->pc);
395                 return -URC_FAILURE;
396         }
397
398         ctrl.vrs[FP] = frame->fp;
399         ctrl.vrs[SP] = frame->sp;
400         ctrl.vrs[LR] = frame->lr;
401         ctrl.vrs[PC] = 0;
402
403         if (idx->insn == 1)
404                 /* can't unwind */
405                 return -URC_FAILURE;
406         else if ((idx->insn & 0x80000000) == 0)
407                 /* prel31 to the unwind table */
408                 ctrl.insn = (unsigned long *)prel31_to_addr(&idx->insn);
409         else if ((idx->insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
410                 /* only personality routine 0 supported in the index */
411                 ctrl.insn = &idx->insn;
412         else {
413                 pr_warn("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx in the index at %p\n",
414                         idx->insn, idx);
415                 return -URC_FAILURE;
416         }
417
418         /* check the personality routine */
419         if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000) {
420                 ctrl.byte = 2;
421                 ctrl.entries = 1;
422         } else if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x81000000) {
423                 ctrl.byte = 1;
424                 ctrl.entries = 1 + ((*ctrl.insn & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
425         } else {
426                 pr_warn("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx at %p\n",
427                         *ctrl.insn, ctrl.insn);
428                 return -URC_FAILURE;
429         }
430
431         ctrl.check_each_pop = 0;
432
433         while (ctrl.entries > 0) {
434                 int urc;
435                 if ((ctrl.sp_high - ctrl.vrs[SP]) < sizeof(ctrl.vrs))
436                         ctrl.check_each_pop = 1;
437                 urc = unwind_exec_insn(&ctrl);
438                 if (urc < 0)
439                         return urc;
440                 if (ctrl.vrs[SP] < low || ctrl.vrs[SP] >= ctrl.sp_high)
441                         return -URC_FAILURE;
442         }
443
444         if (ctrl.vrs[PC] == 0)
445                 ctrl.vrs[PC] = ctrl.vrs[LR];
446
447         /* check for infinite loop */
448         if (frame->pc == ctrl.vrs[PC] && frame->sp == ctrl.vrs[SP])
449                 return -URC_FAILURE;
450
451         frame->fp = ctrl.vrs[FP];
452         frame->sp = ctrl.vrs[SP];
453         frame->lr = ctrl.vrs[LR];
454         frame->pc = ctrl.vrs[PC];
455
456         return URC_OK;
457 }
458
459 void unwind_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, struct task_struct *tsk,
460                       const char *loglvl)
461 {
462         struct stackframe frame;
463
464         pr_debug("%s(regs = %p tsk = %p)\n", __func__, regs, tsk);
465
466         if (!tsk)
467                 tsk = current;
468
469         if (regs) {
470                 arm_get_current_stackframe(regs, &frame);
471                 /* PC might be corrupted, use LR in that case. */
472                 if (!kernel_text_address(regs->ARM_pc))
473                         frame.pc = regs->ARM_lr;
474         } else if (tsk == current) {
475                 frame.fp = (unsigned long)__builtin_frame_address(0);
476                 frame.sp = current_stack_pointer;
477                 frame.lr = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
478                 frame.pc = (unsigned long)unwind_backtrace;
479         } else {
480                 /* task blocked in __switch_to */
481                 frame.fp = thread_saved_fp(tsk);
482                 frame.sp = thread_saved_sp(tsk);
483                 /*
484                  * The function calling __switch_to cannot be a leaf function
485                  * so LR is recovered from the stack.
486                  */
487                 frame.lr = 0;
488                 frame.pc = thread_saved_pc(tsk);
489         }
490
491         while (1) {
492                 int urc;
493                 unsigned long where = frame.pc;
494
495                 urc = unwind_frame(&frame);
496                 if (urc < 0)
497                         break;
498                 dump_backtrace_entry(where, frame.pc, frame.sp - 4, loglvl);
499         }
500 }
501
502 struct unwind_table *unwind_table_add(unsigned long start, unsigned long size,
503                                       unsigned long text_addr,
504                                       unsigned long text_size)
505 {
506         unsigned long flags;
507         struct unwind_table *tab = kmalloc(sizeof(*tab), GFP_KERNEL);
508
509         pr_debug("%s(%08lx, %08lx, %08lx, %08lx)\n", __func__, start, size,
510                  text_addr, text_size);
511
512         if (!tab)
513                 return tab;
514
515         tab->start = (const struct unwind_idx *)start;
516         tab->stop = (const struct unwind_idx *)(start + size);
517         tab->origin = unwind_find_origin(tab->start, tab->stop);
518         tab->begin_addr = text_addr;
519         tab->end_addr = text_addr + text_size;
520
521         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
522         list_add_tail(&tab->list, &unwind_tables);
523         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
524
525         return tab;
526 }
527
528 void unwind_table_del(struct unwind_table *tab)
529 {
530         unsigned long flags;
531
532         if (!tab)
533                 return;
534
535         raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&unwind_lock, flags);
536         list_del(&tab->list);
537         raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&unwind_lock, flags);
538
539         kfree(tab);
540 }
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