3 * AES-128 CCM Encryption
5 * Copyright (C) 2007 Intel Corporation
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
9 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
10 * 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
23 * We don't do any encryption here; we use the Linux Kernel's AES-128
24 * crypto modules to construct keys and payload blocks in a way
25 * defined by WUSB1.0[6]. Check the erratas, as typos are are patched
28 * Thanks a zillion to John Keys for his help and clarifications over
29 * the designed-by-a-committee text.
31 * So the idea is that there is this basic Pseudo-Random-Function
32 * defined in WUSB1.0[6.5] which is the core of everything. It works
33 * by tweaking some blocks, AES crypting them and then xoring
34 * something else with them (this seems to be called CBC(AES) -- can
35 * you tell I know jack about crypto?). So we just funnel it into the
38 * We leave a crypto test module so we can verify that vectors match,
41 * Block size: 16 bytes -- AES seems to do things in 'block sizes'. I
42 * am learning a lot...
44 * Conveniently, some data structures that need to be
45 * funneled through AES are...16 bytes in size!
48 #include <crypto/skcipher.h>
49 #include <linux/crypto.h>
50 #include <linux/module.h>
51 #include <linux/err.h>
52 #include <linux/uwb.h>
53 #include <linux/slab.h>
54 #include <linux/usb/wusb.h>
55 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
57 static int debug_crypto_verify;
59 module_param(debug_crypto_verify, int, 0);
60 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_crypto_verify, "verify the key generation algorithms");
62 static void wusb_key_dump(const void *buf, size_t len)
64 print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, " ", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 16, 1,
69 * Block of data, as understood by AES-CCM
71 * The code assumes this structure is nothing but a 16 byte array
72 * (packed in a struct to avoid common mess ups that I usually do with
73 * arrays and enforcing type checking).
75 struct aes_ccm_block {
77 } __attribute__((packed));
80 * Counter-mode Blocks (WUSB1.0[6.4])
82 * According to CCM (or so it seems), for the purpose of calculating
83 * the MIC, the message is broken in N counter-mode blocks, B0, B1,
86 * B0 contains flags, the CCM nonce and l(m).
88 * B1 contains l(a), the MAC header, the encryption offset and padding.
90 * If EO is nonzero, additional blocks are built from payload bytes
91 * until EO is exhausted (FIXME: padding to 16 bytes, I guess). The
92 * padding is not xmitted.
97 u8 flags; /* 0x59, per CCM spec */
98 struct aes_ccm_nonce ccm_nonce;
100 } __attribute__((packed));
107 u8 security_reserved; /* This is always zero */
109 } __attribute__((packed));
112 * Encryption Blocks (WUSB1.0[6.4.4])
114 * CCM uses Ax blocks to generate a keystream with which the MIC and
115 * the message's payload are encoded. A0 always encrypts/decrypts the
116 * MIC. Ax (x>0) are used for the successive payload blocks.
118 * The x is the counter, and is increased for each block.
121 u8 flags; /* 0x01, per CCM spec */
122 struct aes_ccm_nonce ccm_nonce;
123 __be16 counter; /* Value of x */
124 } __attribute__((packed));
126 static void bytewise_xor(void *_bo, const void *_bi1, const void *_bi2,
130 const u8 *bi1 = _bi1, *bi2 = _bi2;
132 for (itr = 0; itr < size; itr++)
133 bo[itr] = bi1[itr] ^ bi2[itr];
136 /* Scratch space for MAC calculations. */
137 struct wusb_mac_scratch {
138 struct aes_ccm_b0 b0;
139 struct aes_ccm_b1 b1;
144 * CC-MAC function WUSB1.0[6.5]
146 * Take a data string and produce the encrypted CBC Counter-mode MIC
148 * Note the names for most function arguments are made to (more or
149 * less) match those used in the pseudo-function definition given in
152 * @tfm_cbc: CBC(AES) blkcipher handle (initialized)
154 * @tfm_aes: AES cipher handle (initialized)
156 * @mic: buffer for placing the computed MIC (Message Integrity
157 * Code). This is exactly 8 bytes, and we expect the buffer to
158 * be at least eight bytes in length.
160 * @key: 128 bit symmetric key
164 * @a: ASCII string, 14 bytes long (I guess zero padded if needed;
165 * we use exactly 14 bytes).
167 * @b: data stream to be processed; cannot be a global or const local
168 * (will confuse the scatterlists)
170 * @blen: size of b...
172 * Still not very clear how this is done, but looks like this: we
173 * create block B0 (as WUSB1.0[6.5] says), then we AES-crypt it with
174 * @key. We bytewise xor B0 with B1 (1) and AES-crypt that. Then we
175 * take the payload and divide it in blocks (16 bytes), xor them with
176 * the previous crypto result (16 bytes) and crypt it, repeat the next
177 * block with the output of the previous one, rinse wash (I guess this
178 * is what AES CBC mode means...but I truly have no idea). So we use
179 * the CBC(AES) blkcipher, that does precisely that. The IV (Initial
180 * Vector) is 16 bytes and is set to zero, so
182 * See rfc3610. Linux crypto has a CBC implementation, but the
183 * documentation is scarce, to say the least, and the example code is
184 * so intricated that is difficult to understand how things work. Most
185 * of this is guess work -- bite me.
187 * (1) Created as 6.5 says, again, using as l(a) 'Blen + 14', and
188 * using the 14 bytes of @a to fill up
189 * b1.{mac_header,e0,security_reserved,padding}.
191 * NOTE: The definition of l(a) in WUSB1.0[6.5] vs the definition of
192 * l(m) is orthogonal, they bear no relationship, so it is not
193 * in conflict with the parameter's relation that
194 * WUSB1.0[6.4.2]) defines.
196 * NOTE: WUSB1.0[A.1]: Host Nonce is missing a nibble? (1e); fixed in
197 * first errata released on 2005/07.
199 * NOTE: we need to clean IV to zero at each invocation to make sure
200 * we start with a fresh empty Initial Vector, so that the CBC
203 * NOTE: blen is not aligned to a block size, we'll pad zeros, that's
204 * what sg[4] is for. Maybe there is a smarter way to do this.
206 static int wusb_ccm_mac(struct crypto_skcipher *tfm_cbc,
207 struct crypto_cipher *tfm_aes,
208 struct wusb_mac_scratch *scratch,
210 const struct aes_ccm_nonce *n,
211 const struct aes_ccm_label *a, const void *b,
215 SKCIPHER_REQUEST_ON_STACK(req, tfm_cbc);
216 struct scatterlist sg[4], sg_dst;
219 const u8 bzero[16] = { 0 };
220 u8 iv[crypto_skcipher_ivsize(tfm_cbc)];
224 * These checks should be compile time optimized out
225 * ensure @a fills b1's mac_header and following fields
227 WARN_ON(sizeof(*a) != sizeof(scratch->b1) - sizeof(scratch->b1.la));
228 WARN_ON(sizeof(scratch->b0) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
229 WARN_ON(sizeof(scratch->b1) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
230 WARN_ON(sizeof(scratch->ax) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
233 zero_padding = blen % sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block);
235 zero_padding = sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block) - zero_padding;
236 dst_size = blen + sizeof(scratch->b0) + sizeof(scratch->b1) +
238 dst_buf = kzalloc(dst_size, GFP_KERNEL);
242 memset(iv, 0, sizeof(iv));
245 scratch->b0.flags = 0x59; /* Format B0 */
246 scratch->b0.ccm_nonce = *n;
247 scratch->b0.lm = cpu_to_be16(0); /* WUSB1.0[6.5] sez l(m) is 0 */
251 * The WUSB spec is anything but clear! WUSB1.0[6.5]
252 * says that to initialize B1 from A with 'l(a) = blen +
253 * 14'--after clarification, it means to use A's contents
254 * for MAC Header, EO, sec reserved and padding.
256 scratch->b1.la = cpu_to_be16(blen + 14);
257 memcpy(&scratch->b1.mac_header, a, sizeof(*a));
259 sg_init_table(sg, ARRAY_SIZE(sg));
260 sg_set_buf(&sg[0], &scratch->b0, sizeof(scratch->b0));
261 sg_set_buf(&sg[1], &scratch->b1, sizeof(scratch->b1));
262 sg_set_buf(&sg[2], b, blen);
263 /* 0 if well behaved :) */
264 sg_set_buf(&sg[3], bzero, zero_padding);
265 sg_init_one(&sg_dst, dst_buf, dst_size);
267 skcipher_request_set_tfm(req, tfm_cbc);
268 skcipher_request_set_callback(req, 0, NULL, NULL);
269 skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, sg, &sg_dst, dst_size, iv);
270 result = crypto_skcipher_encrypt(req);
271 skcipher_request_zero(req);
273 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't compute CBC-MAC tag (MIC): %d\n",
275 goto error_cbc_crypt;
278 /* Now we crypt the MIC Tag (*iv) with Ax -- values per WUSB1.0[6.5]
279 * The procedure is to AES crypt the A0 block and XOR the MIC
280 * Tag against it; we only do the first 8 bytes and place it
281 * directly in the destination buffer.
283 * POS Crypto API: size is assumed to be AES's block size.
284 * Thanks for documenting it -- tip taken from airo.c
286 scratch->ax.flags = 0x01; /* as per WUSB 1.0 spec */
287 scratch->ax.ccm_nonce = *n;
288 scratch->ax.counter = 0;
289 crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(tfm_aes, (void *)&scratch->ax,
290 (void *)&scratch->ax);
291 bytewise_xor(mic, &scratch->ax, iv, 8);
300 * WUSB Pseudo Random Function (WUSB1.0[6.5])
302 * @b: buffer to the source data; cannot be a global or const local
303 * (will confuse the scatterlists)
305 ssize_t wusb_prf(void *out, size_t out_size,
306 const u8 key[16], const struct aes_ccm_nonce *_n,
307 const struct aes_ccm_label *a,
308 const void *b, size_t blen, size_t len)
310 ssize_t result, bytes = 0, bitr;
311 struct aes_ccm_nonce n = *_n;
312 struct crypto_skcipher *tfm_cbc;
313 struct crypto_cipher *tfm_aes;
314 struct wusb_mac_scratch *scratch;
318 tfm_cbc = crypto_alloc_skcipher("cbc(aes)", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
319 if (IS_ERR(tfm_cbc)) {
320 result = PTR_ERR(tfm_cbc);
321 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't load CBC(AES): %d\n", (int)result);
322 goto error_alloc_cbc;
324 result = crypto_skcipher_setkey(tfm_cbc, key, 16);
326 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't set CBC key: %d\n", (int)result);
327 goto error_setkey_cbc;
330 tfm_aes = crypto_alloc_cipher("aes", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
331 if (IS_ERR(tfm_aes)) {
332 result = PTR_ERR(tfm_aes);
333 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't load AES: %d\n", (int)result);
334 goto error_alloc_aes;
336 result = crypto_cipher_setkey(tfm_aes, key, 16);
338 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't set AES key: %d\n", (int)result);
339 goto error_setkey_aes;
341 scratch = kmalloc(sizeof(*scratch), GFP_KERNEL);
344 goto error_alloc_scratch;
347 for (bitr = 0; bitr < (len + 63) / 64; bitr++) {
348 sfn_le = cpu_to_le64(sfn++);
349 memcpy(&n.sfn, &sfn_le, sizeof(n.sfn)); /* n.sfn++... */
350 result = wusb_ccm_mac(tfm_cbc, tfm_aes, scratch, out + bytes,
362 crypto_free_cipher(tfm_aes);
365 crypto_free_skcipher(tfm_cbc);
370 /* WUSB1.0[A.2] test vectors */
371 static const u8 stv_hsmic_key[16] = {
372 0x4b, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xcf, 0xe5, 0x53, 0x23, 0x9d,
373 0xd7, 0xc1, 0x6d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0xab, 0x6d, 0x3f
376 static const struct aes_ccm_nonce stv_hsmic_n = {
378 .tkid = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01, },
379 .dest_addr = { .data = { 0xbe, 0x00 } },
380 .src_addr = { .data = { 0x76, 0x98 } },
384 * Out-of-band MIC Generation verification code
387 static int wusb_oob_mic_verify(void)
391 /* WUSB1.0[A.2] test vectors
393 * Need to keep it in the local stack as GCC 4.1.3something
394 * messes up and generates noise.
396 struct usb_handshake stv_hsmic_hs = {
399 .tTKID = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01 },
401 .CDID = { 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35,
402 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b,
403 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f },
404 .nonce = { 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
405 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b,
406 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f },
407 .MIC = { 0x75, 0x6a, 0x97, 0x51, 0x0c, 0x8c,
412 result = wusb_oob_mic(mic, stv_hsmic_key, &stv_hsmic_n, &stv_hsmic_hs);
414 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB OOB MIC test: failed: %d\n", result);
415 else if (memcmp(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC, mic, sizeof(mic))) {
416 printk(KERN_ERR "E: OOB MIC test: "
417 "mismatch between MIC result and WUSB1.0[A2]\n");
418 hs_size = sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs) - sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC);
419 printk(KERN_ERR "E: Handshake2 in: (%zu bytes)\n", hs_size);
420 wusb_key_dump(&stv_hsmic_hs, hs_size);
421 printk(KERN_ERR "E: CCM Nonce in: (%zu bytes)\n",
422 sizeof(stv_hsmic_n));
423 wusb_key_dump(&stv_hsmic_n, sizeof(stv_hsmic_n));
424 printk(KERN_ERR "E: MIC out:\n");
425 wusb_key_dump(mic, sizeof(mic));
426 printk(KERN_ERR "E: MIC out (from WUSB1.0[A.2]):\n");
427 wusb_key_dump(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC, sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC));
435 * Test vectors for Key derivation
437 * These come from WUSB1.0[6.5.1], the vectors in WUSB1.0[A.1]
438 * (errata corrected in 2005/07).
440 static const u8 stv_key_a1[16] __attribute__ ((__aligned__(4))) = {
441 0xf0, 0xe1, 0xd2, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0xa5, 0x96, 0x87,
442 0x78, 0x69, 0x5a, 0x4b, 0x3c, 0x2d, 0x1e, 0x0f
445 static const struct aes_ccm_nonce stv_keydvt_n_a1 = {
447 .tkid = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01, },
448 .dest_addr = { .data = { 0xbe, 0x00 } },
449 .src_addr = { .data = { 0x76, 0x98 } },
452 static const struct wusb_keydvt_out stv_keydvt_out_a1 = {
454 0x4b, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xcf, 0xe5, 0x53, 0x23, 0x9d,
455 0xd7, 0xc1, 0x6d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0xab, 0x6d, 0x3f
458 0xc8, 0x70, 0x62, 0x82, 0xb6, 0x7c, 0xe9, 0x06,
459 0x7b, 0xc5, 0x25, 0x69, 0xf2, 0x36, 0x61, 0x2d
464 * Performa a test to make sure we match the vectors defined in
465 * WUSB1.0[A.1](Errata2006/12)
467 static int wusb_key_derive_verify(void)
470 struct wusb_keydvt_out keydvt_out;
471 /* These come from WUSB1.0[A.1] + 2006/12 errata
472 * NOTE: can't make this const or global -- somehow it seems
473 * the scatterlists for crypto get confused and we get
474 * bad data. There is no doc on this... */
475 struct wusb_keydvt_in stv_keydvt_in_a1 = {
477 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
478 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f
481 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
482 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f
486 result = wusb_key_derive(&keydvt_out, stv_key_a1, &stv_keydvt_n_a1,
489 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB key derivation test: "
490 "derivation failed: %d\n", result);
491 if (memcmp(&stv_keydvt_out_a1, &keydvt_out, sizeof(keydvt_out))) {
492 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB key derivation test: "
493 "mismatch between key derivation result "
494 "and WUSB1.0[A1] Errata 2006/12\n");
495 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: key\n");
496 wusb_key_dump(stv_key_a1, sizeof(stv_key_a1));
497 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: nonce\n");
498 wusb_key_dump(&stv_keydvt_n_a1, sizeof(stv_keydvt_n_a1));
499 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: hnonce & dnonce\n");
500 wusb_key_dump(&stv_keydvt_in_a1, sizeof(stv_keydvt_in_a1));
501 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt out: KCK\n");
502 wusb_key_dump(&keydvt_out.kck, sizeof(keydvt_out.kck));
503 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt out: PTK\n");
504 wusb_key_dump(&keydvt_out.ptk, sizeof(keydvt_out.ptk));
512 * Initialize crypto system
514 * FIXME: we do nothing now, other than verifying. Later on we'll
515 * cache the encryption stuff, so that's why we have a separate init.
517 int wusb_crypto_init(void)
521 if (debug_crypto_verify) {
522 result = wusb_key_derive_verify();
525 return wusb_oob_mic_verify();
530 void wusb_crypto_exit(void)
532 /* FIXME: free cached crypto transforms */