4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 #include <linux/init.h>
9 #include <linux/kdev_t.h>
10 #include <linux/slab.h>
11 #include <linux/string.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/errno.h>
15 #include <linux/module.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kobject.h>
19 #include <linux/kobj_map.h>
20 #include <linux/cdev.h>
21 #include <linux/mutex.h>
22 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
23 #include <linux/tty.h>
28 * capabilities for /dev/mem, /dev/kmem and similar directly mappable character
30 * - permits shared-mmap for read, write and/or exec
31 * - does not permit private mmap in NOMMU mode (can't do COW)
32 * - no readahead or I/O queue unplugging required
34 struct backing_dev_info directly_mappable_cdev_bdi = {
38 /* permit private copies of the data to be taken */
41 /* permit direct mmap, for read, write or exec */
43 BDI_CAP_READ_MAP | BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP | BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP),
46 static struct kobj_map *cdev_map;
48 static DEFINE_MUTEX(chrdevs_lock);
50 static struct char_device_struct {
51 struct char_device_struct *next;
53 unsigned int baseminor;
56 struct cdev *cdev; /* will die */
57 } *chrdevs[CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];
59 /* index in the above */
60 static inline int major_to_index(int major)
62 return major % CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
67 void chrdev_show(struct seq_file *f, off_t offset)
69 struct char_device_struct *cd;
71 if (offset < CHRDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
72 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
73 for (cd = chrdevs[offset]; cd; cd = cd->next)
74 seq_printf(f, "%3d %s\n", cd->major, cd->name);
75 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
79 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
82 * Register a single major with a specified minor range.
84 * If major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
87 * If major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve the passed range of
88 * minors and will return zero on success.
90 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
92 static struct char_device_struct *
93 __register_chrdev_region(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
94 int minorct, const char *name)
96 struct char_device_struct *cd, **cp;
100 cd = kzalloc(sizeof(struct char_device_struct), GFP_KERNEL);
102 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
104 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
108 for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(chrdevs)-1; i > 0; i--) {
109 if (chrdevs[i] == NULL)
122 cd->baseminor = baseminor;
123 cd->minorct = minorct;
124 strlcpy(cd->name, name, sizeof(cd->name));
126 i = major_to_index(major);
128 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
129 if ((*cp)->major > major ||
130 ((*cp)->major == major &&
131 (((*cp)->baseminor >= baseminor) ||
132 ((*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct > baseminor))))
135 /* Check for overlapping minor ranges. */
136 if (*cp && (*cp)->major == major) {
137 int old_min = (*cp)->baseminor;
138 int old_max = (*cp)->baseminor + (*cp)->minorct - 1;
139 int new_min = baseminor;
140 int new_max = baseminor + minorct - 1;
142 /* New driver overlaps from the left. */
143 if (new_max >= old_min && new_max <= old_max) {
148 /* New driver overlaps from the right. */
149 if (new_min <= old_max && new_min >= old_min) {
157 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
160 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
165 static struct char_device_struct *
166 __unregister_chrdev_region(unsigned major, unsigned baseminor, int minorct)
168 struct char_device_struct *cd = NULL, **cp;
169 int i = major_to_index(major);
171 mutex_lock(&chrdevs_lock);
172 for (cp = &chrdevs[i]; *cp; cp = &(*cp)->next)
173 if ((*cp)->major == major &&
174 (*cp)->baseminor == baseminor &&
175 (*cp)->minorct == minorct)
181 mutex_unlock(&chrdevs_lock);
186 * register_chrdev_region() - register a range of device numbers
187 * @from: the first in the desired range of device numbers; must include
189 * @count: the number of consecutive device numbers required
190 * @name: the name of the device or driver.
192 * Return value is zero on success, a negative error code on failure.
194 int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)
196 struct char_device_struct *cd;
197 dev_t to = from + count;
200 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
201 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
204 cd = __register_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n),
212 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
213 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
214 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
220 * alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
221 * @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
222 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
223 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
224 * @name: the name of the associated device or driver
226 * Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
227 * chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
228 * in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
230 int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,
233 struct char_device_struct *cd;
234 cd = __register_chrdev_region(0, baseminor, count, name);
237 *dev = MKDEV(cd->major, cd->baseminor);
242 * __register_chrdev() - create and register a cdev occupying a range of minors
243 * @major: major device number or 0 for dynamic allocation
244 * @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
245 * @count: the number of minor numbers required
246 * @name: name of this range of devices
247 * @fops: file operations associated with this devices
249 * If @major == 0 this functions will dynamically allocate a major and return
252 * If @major > 0 this function will attempt to reserve a device with the given
253 * major number and will return zero on success.
255 * Returns a -ve errno on failure.
257 * The name of this device has nothing to do with the name of the device in
258 * /dev. It only helps to keep track of the different owners of devices. If
259 * your module name has only one type of devices it's ok to use e.g. the name
260 * of the module here.
262 int __register_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
263 unsigned int count, const char *name,
264 const struct file_operations *fops)
266 struct char_device_struct *cd;
270 cd = __register_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count, name);
278 cdev->owner = fops->owner;
280 kobject_set_name(&cdev->kobj, "%s", name);
282 err = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(cd->major, baseminor), count);
288 return major ? 0 : cd->major;
290 kobject_put(&cdev->kobj);
292 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(cd->major, baseminor, count));
297 * unregister_chrdev_region() - return a range of device numbers
298 * @from: the first in the range of numbers to unregister
299 * @count: the number of device numbers to unregister
301 * This function will unregister a range of @count device numbers,
302 * starting with @from. The caller should normally be the one who
303 * allocated those numbers in the first place...
305 void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)
307 dev_t to = from + count;
310 for (n = from; n < to; n = next) {
311 next = MKDEV(MAJOR(n)+1, 0);
314 kfree(__unregister_chrdev_region(MAJOR(n), MINOR(n), next - n));
319 * __unregister_chrdev - unregister and destroy a cdev
320 * @major: major device number
321 * @baseminor: first of the range of minor numbers
322 * @count: the number of minor numbers this cdev is occupying
323 * @name: name of this range of devices
325 * Unregister and destroy the cdev occupying the region described by
326 * @major, @baseminor and @count. This function undoes what
327 * __register_chrdev() did.
329 void __unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, unsigned int baseminor,
330 unsigned int count, const char *name)
332 struct char_device_struct *cd;
334 cd = __unregister_chrdev_region(major, baseminor, count);
340 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(cdev_lock);
342 static struct kobject *cdev_get(struct cdev *p)
344 struct module *owner = p->owner;
345 struct kobject *kobj;
347 if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
349 kobj = kobject_get(&p->kobj);
355 void cdev_put(struct cdev *p)
358 struct module *owner = p->owner;
359 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
365 * Called every time a character special file is opened
367 static int chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
370 struct cdev *new = NULL;
373 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
376 struct kobject *kobj;
378 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
379 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
382 new = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
383 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
384 /* Check i_cdev again in case somebody beat us to it while
385 we dropped the lock. */
388 inode->i_cdev = p = new;
389 list_add(&inode->i_devices, &p->list);
391 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
393 } else if (!cdev_get(p))
395 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
401 filp->f_op = fops_get(p->ops);
405 if (filp->f_op->open) {
406 ret = filp->f_op->open(inode,filp);
418 int cdev_index(struct inode *inode)
421 struct kobject *kobj;
423 kobj = kobj_lookup(cdev_map, inode->i_rdev, &idx);
430 void cd_forget(struct inode *inode)
432 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
433 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
434 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
435 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
438 static void cdev_purge(struct cdev *cdev)
440 spin_lock(&cdev_lock);
441 while (!list_empty(&cdev->list)) {
443 inode = container_of(cdev->list.next, struct inode, i_devices);
444 list_del_init(&inode->i_devices);
445 inode->i_cdev = NULL;
447 spin_unlock(&cdev_lock);
451 * Dummy default file-operations: the only thing this does
452 * is contain the open that then fills in the correct operations
453 * depending on the special file...
455 const struct file_operations def_chr_fops = {
457 .llseek = noop_llseek,
460 static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
462 struct cdev *p = data;
466 static int exact_lock(dev_t dev, void *data)
468 struct cdev *p = data;
469 return cdev_get(p) ? 0 : -1;
473 * cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
474 * @p: the cdev structure for the device
475 * @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
476 * @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
479 * cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
480 * live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
482 int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
486 return kobj_map(cdev_map, dev, count, NULL, exact_match, exact_lock, p);
489 static void cdev_unmap(dev_t dev, unsigned count)
491 kobj_unmap(cdev_map, dev, count);
495 * cdev_del() - remove a cdev from the system
496 * @p: the cdev structure to be removed
498 * cdev_del() removes @p from the system, possibly freeing the structure
501 void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)
503 cdev_unmap(p->dev, p->count);
504 kobject_put(&p->kobj);
508 static void cdev_default_release(struct kobject *kobj)
510 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
514 static void cdev_dynamic_release(struct kobject *kobj)
516 struct cdev *p = container_of(kobj, struct cdev, kobj);
521 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_default = {
522 .release = cdev_default_release,
525 static struct kobj_type ktype_cdev_dynamic = {
526 .release = cdev_dynamic_release,
530 * cdev_alloc() - allocate a cdev structure
532 * Allocates and returns a cdev structure, or NULL on failure.
534 struct cdev *cdev_alloc(void)
536 struct cdev *p = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
538 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list);
539 kobject_init(&p->kobj, &ktype_cdev_dynamic);
545 * cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
546 * @cdev: the structure to initialize
547 * @fops: the file_operations for this device
549 * Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
550 * system with cdev_add().
552 void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
554 memset(cdev, 0, sizeof *cdev);
555 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cdev->list);
556 kobject_init(&cdev->kobj, &ktype_cdev_default);
560 static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t dev, int *part, void *data)
562 if (request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev)) > 0)
563 /* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
564 request_module("char-major-%d", MAJOR(dev));
568 void __init chrdev_init(void)
570 cdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &chrdevs_lock);
571 bdi_init(&directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);
575 /* Let modules do char dev stuff */
576 EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_chrdev_region);
577 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_chrdev_region);
578 EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_chrdev_region);
579 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_init);
580 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_alloc);
581 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_del);
582 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_add);
583 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cdev_index);
584 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__register_chrdev);
585 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__unregister_chrdev);
586 EXPORT_SYMBOL(directly_mappable_cdev_bdi);