2 * kallsyms.c: in-kernel printing of symbolic oopses and stack traces.
4 * Rewritten and vastly simplified by Rusty Russell for in-kernel
11 * Changed the compression method from stem compression to "table lookup"
12 * compression (see scripts/kallsyms.c for a more complete description)
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
18 #include <linux/kdb.h>
19 #include <linux/err.h>
20 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
21 #include <linux/sched.h> /* for cond_resched */
22 #include <linux/ctype.h>
23 #include <linux/slab.h>
24 #include <linux/filter.h>
25 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
26 #include <linux/compiler.h>
29 * These will be re-linked against their real values
30 * during the second link stage.
32 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_addresses[] __weak;
33 extern const int kallsyms_offsets[] __weak;
34 extern const u8 kallsyms_names[] __weak;
37 * Tell the compiler that the count isn't in the small data section if the arch
40 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_num_syms
41 __attribute__((weak, section(".rodata")));
43 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_relative_base
44 __attribute__((weak, section(".rodata")));
46 extern const u8 kallsyms_token_table[] __weak;
47 extern const u16 kallsyms_token_index[] __weak;
49 extern const unsigned long kallsyms_markers[] __weak;
52 * Expand a compressed symbol data into the resulting uncompressed string,
53 * if uncompressed string is too long (>= maxlen), it will be truncated,
54 * given the offset to where the symbol is in the compressed stream.
56 static unsigned int kallsyms_expand_symbol(unsigned int off,
57 char *result, size_t maxlen)
59 int len, skipped_first = 0;
60 const u8 *tptr, *data;
62 /* Get the compressed symbol length from the first symbol byte. */
63 data = &kallsyms_names[off];
68 * Update the offset to return the offset for the next symbol on
69 * the compressed stream.
74 * For every byte on the compressed symbol data, copy the table
75 * entry for that byte.
78 tptr = &kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[*data]];
99 /* Return to offset to the next symbol. */
104 * Get symbol type information. This is encoded as a single char at the
105 * beginning of the symbol name.
107 static char kallsyms_get_symbol_type(unsigned int off)
110 * Get just the first code, look it up in the token table,
111 * and return the first char from this token.
113 return kallsyms_token_table[kallsyms_token_index[kallsyms_names[off + 1]]];
118 * Find the offset on the compressed stream given and index in the
121 static unsigned int get_symbol_offset(unsigned long pos)
127 * Use the closest marker we have. We have markers every 256 positions,
128 * so that should be close enough.
130 name = &kallsyms_names[kallsyms_markers[pos >> 8]];
133 * Sequentially scan all the symbols up to the point we're searching
134 * for. Every symbol is stored in a [<len>][<len> bytes of data] format,
135 * so we just need to add the len to the current pointer for every
136 * symbol we wish to skip.
138 for (i = 0; i < (pos & 0xFF); i++)
139 name = name + (*name) + 1;
141 return name - kallsyms_names;
144 static unsigned long kallsyms_sym_address(int idx)
146 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
147 return kallsyms_addresses[idx];
149 /* values are unsigned offsets if --absolute-percpu is not in effect */
150 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ABSOLUTE_PERCPU))
151 return kallsyms_relative_base + (u32)kallsyms_offsets[idx];
153 /* ...otherwise, positive offsets are absolute values */
154 if (kallsyms_offsets[idx] >= 0)
155 return kallsyms_offsets[idx];
157 /* ...and negative offsets are relative to kallsyms_relative_base - 1 */
158 return kallsyms_relative_base - 1 - kallsyms_offsets[idx];
161 /* Lookup the address for this symbol. Returns 0 if not found. */
162 unsigned long kallsyms_lookup_name(const char *name)
164 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
168 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
169 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
171 if (strcmp(namebuf, name) == 0)
172 return kallsyms_sym_address(i);
174 return module_kallsyms_lookup_name(name);
176 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kallsyms_lookup_name);
178 int kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *, struct module *,
182 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
187 for (i = 0, off = 0; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
188 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, namebuf, ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf));
189 ret = fn(data, namebuf, NULL, kallsyms_sym_address(i));
193 return module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol(fn, data);
195 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kallsyms_on_each_symbol);
197 static unsigned long get_symbol_pos(unsigned long addr,
198 unsigned long *symbolsize,
199 unsigned long *offset)
201 unsigned long symbol_start = 0, symbol_end = 0;
202 unsigned long i, low, high, mid;
204 /* This kernel should never had been booted. */
205 if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_BASE_RELATIVE))
206 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_addresses);
208 BUG_ON(!kallsyms_offsets);
210 /* Do a binary search on the sorted kallsyms_addresses array. */
212 high = kallsyms_num_syms;
214 while (high - low > 1) {
215 mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
216 if (kallsyms_sym_address(mid) <= addr)
223 * Search for the first aliased symbol. Aliased
224 * symbols are symbols with the same address.
226 while (low && kallsyms_sym_address(low-1) == kallsyms_sym_address(low))
229 symbol_start = kallsyms_sym_address(low);
231 /* Search for next non-aliased symbol. */
232 for (i = low + 1; i < kallsyms_num_syms; i++) {
233 if (kallsyms_sym_address(i) > symbol_start) {
234 symbol_end = kallsyms_sym_address(i);
239 /* If we found no next symbol, we use the end of the section. */
241 if (is_kernel_inittext(addr))
242 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_einittext;
243 else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL))
244 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_end;
246 symbol_end = (unsigned long)_etext;
250 *symbolsize = symbol_end - symbol_start;
252 *offset = addr - symbol_start;
258 * Lookup an address but don't bother to find any names.
260 int kallsyms_lookup_size_offset(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *symbolsize,
261 unsigned long *offset)
263 char namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
265 if (is_ksym_addr(addr))
266 return !!get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
267 return !!module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, NULL, namebuf) ||
268 !!__bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset, namebuf);
273 * - modname is set to NULL if it's in the kernel.
274 * - We guarantee that the returned name is valid until we reschedule even if.
275 * It resides in a module.
276 * - We also guarantee that modname will be valid until rescheduled.
278 const char *kallsyms_lookup(unsigned long addr,
279 unsigned long *symbolsize,
280 unsigned long *offset,
281 char **modname, char *namebuf)
285 namebuf[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = 0;
288 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
291 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, symbolsize, offset);
293 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
294 namebuf, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
300 /* See if it's in a module or a BPF JITed image. */
301 ret = module_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize, offset,
304 ret = bpf_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
305 offset, modname, namebuf);
308 ret = ftrace_mod_address_lookup(addr, symbolsize,
309 offset, modname, namebuf);
313 int lookup_symbol_name(unsigned long addr, char *symname)
316 symname[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
318 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
321 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, NULL, NULL);
323 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
324 symname, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
327 /* See if it's in a module. */
328 return lookup_module_symbol_name(addr, symname);
331 int lookup_symbol_attrs(unsigned long addr, unsigned long *size,
332 unsigned long *offset, char *modname, char *name)
335 name[KSYM_NAME_LEN - 1] = '\0';
337 if (is_ksym_addr(addr)) {
340 pos = get_symbol_pos(addr, size, offset);
342 kallsyms_expand_symbol(get_symbol_offset(pos),
343 name, KSYM_NAME_LEN);
347 /* See if it's in a module. */
348 return lookup_module_symbol_attrs(addr, size, offset, modname, name);
351 /* Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer. */
352 static int __sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address,
353 int symbol_offset, int add_offset)
357 unsigned long offset, size;
360 address += symbol_offset;
361 name = kallsyms_lookup(address, &size, &offset, &modname, buffer);
363 return sprintf(buffer, "0x%lx", address - symbol_offset);
366 strcpy(buffer, name);
367 len = strlen(buffer);
368 offset -= symbol_offset;
371 len += sprintf(buffer + len, "+%#lx/%#lx", offset, size);
374 len += sprintf(buffer + len, " [%s]", modname);
380 * sprint_symbol - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
381 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
382 * @address: address to lookup
384 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name,
385 * offset, size and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found,
386 * just saves its @address as is.
388 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
390 int sprint_symbol(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
392 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 1);
394 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol);
397 * sprint_symbol_no_offset - Look up a kernel symbol and return it in a text buffer
398 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
399 * @address: address to lookup
401 * This function looks up a kernel symbol with @address and stores its name
402 * and module name to @buffer if possible. If no symbol was found, just saves
403 * its @address as is.
405 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
407 int sprint_symbol_no_offset(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
409 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, 0, 0);
411 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sprint_symbol_no_offset);
414 * sprint_backtrace - Look up a backtrace symbol and return it in a text buffer
415 * @buffer: buffer to be stored
416 * @address: address to lookup
418 * This function is for stack backtrace and does the same thing as
419 * sprint_symbol() but with modified/decreased @address. If there is a
420 * tail-call to the function marked "noreturn", gcc optimized out code after
421 * the call so that the stack-saved return address could point outside of the
422 * caller. This function ensures that kallsyms will find the original caller
423 * by decreasing @address.
425 * This function returns the number of bytes stored in @buffer.
427 int sprint_backtrace(char *buffer, unsigned long address)
429 return __sprint_symbol(buffer, address, -1, 1);
432 /* To avoid using get_symbol_offset for every symbol, we carry prefix along. */
433 struct kallsym_iter {
436 loff_t pos_ftrace_mod_end;
438 unsigned int nameoff; /* If iterating in core kernel symbols. */
440 char name[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
441 char module_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
446 static int get_ksymbol_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
448 int ret = module_get_kallsym(iter->pos - kallsyms_num_syms,
449 &iter->value, &iter->type,
450 iter->name, iter->module_name,
453 iter->pos_mod_end = iter->pos;
460 static int get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
462 int ret = ftrace_mod_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_mod_end,
463 &iter->value, &iter->type,
464 iter->name, iter->module_name,
467 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = iter->pos;
474 static int get_ksymbol_bpf(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
476 iter->module_name[0] = '\0';
478 return bpf_get_kallsym(iter->pos - iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end,
479 &iter->value, &iter->type,
480 iter->name) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
483 /* Returns space to next name. */
484 static unsigned long get_ksymbol_core(struct kallsym_iter *iter)
486 unsigned off = iter->nameoff;
488 iter->module_name[0] = '\0';
489 iter->value = kallsyms_sym_address(iter->pos);
491 iter->type = kallsyms_get_symbol_type(off);
493 off = kallsyms_expand_symbol(off, iter->name, ARRAY_SIZE(iter->name));
495 return off - iter->nameoff;
498 static void reset_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t new_pos)
500 iter->name[0] = '\0';
501 iter->nameoff = get_symbol_offset(new_pos);
504 iter->pos_mod_end = 0;
505 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end = 0;
509 static int update_iter_mod(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
513 if (iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end > 0 &&
514 iter->pos_ftrace_mod_end < iter->pos)
515 return get_ksymbol_bpf(iter);
517 if (iter->pos_mod_end > 0 &&
518 iter->pos_mod_end < iter->pos) {
519 if (!get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(iter))
520 return get_ksymbol_bpf(iter);
524 if (!get_ksymbol_mod(iter)) {
525 if (!get_ksymbol_ftrace_mod(iter))
526 return get_ksymbol_bpf(iter);
532 /* Returns false if pos at or past end of file. */
533 static int update_iter(struct kallsym_iter *iter, loff_t pos)
535 /* Module symbols can be accessed randomly. */
536 if (pos >= kallsyms_num_syms)
537 return update_iter_mod(iter, pos);
539 /* If we're not on the desired position, reset to new position. */
540 if (pos != iter->pos)
541 reset_iter(iter, pos);
543 iter->nameoff += get_ksymbol_core(iter);
549 static void *s_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
553 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
558 static void *s_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
560 if (!update_iter(m->private, *pos))
565 static void s_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
569 static int s_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
572 struct kallsym_iter *iter = m->private;
574 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
578 value = iter->show_value ? (void *)iter->value : NULL;
580 if (iter->module_name[0]) {
584 * Label it "global" if it is exported,
585 * "local" if not exported.
587 type = iter->exported ? toupper(iter->type) :
589 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\t[%s]\n", value,
590 type, iter->name, iter->module_name);
592 seq_printf(m, "%px %c %s\n", value,
593 iter->type, iter->name);
597 static const struct seq_operations kallsyms_op = {
604 static inline int kallsyms_for_perf(void)
606 #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
607 extern int sysctl_perf_event_paranoid;
608 if (sysctl_perf_event_paranoid <= 1)
615 * We show kallsyms information even to normal users if we've enabled
616 * kernel profiling and are explicitly not paranoid (so kptr_restrict
617 * is clear, and sysctl_perf_event_paranoid isn't set).
619 * Otherwise, require CAP_SYSLOG (assuming kptr_restrict isn't set to
622 int kallsyms_show_value(void)
624 switch (kptr_restrict) {
626 if (kallsyms_for_perf())
630 if (has_capability_noaudit(current, CAP_SYSLOG))
638 static int kallsyms_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
641 * We keep iterator in m->private, since normal case is to
642 * s_start from where we left off, so we avoid doing
643 * using get_symbol_offset for every symbol.
645 struct kallsym_iter *iter;
646 iter = __seq_open_private(file, &kallsyms_op, sizeof(*iter));
651 iter->show_value = kallsyms_show_value();
655 #ifdef CONFIG_KGDB_KDB
656 const char *kdb_walk_kallsyms(loff_t *pos)
658 static struct kallsym_iter kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter;
660 memset(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0,
661 sizeof(kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter));
662 reset_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, 0);
665 if (!update_iter(&kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter, *pos))
668 /* Some debugging symbols have no name. Ignore them. */
669 if (kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name[0])
670 return kdb_walk_kallsyms_iter.name;
673 #endif /* CONFIG_KGDB_KDB */
675 static const struct file_operations kallsyms_operations = {
676 .open = kallsyms_open,
679 .release = seq_release_private,
682 static int __init kallsyms_init(void)
684 proc_create("kallsyms", 0444, NULL, &kallsyms_operations);
687 device_initcall(kallsyms_init);