net: udp: prefer listeners bound to an address

[linux.git] / arch / x86 / kernel / cpu / intel_rdt_rdtgroup.c

/*
 * User interface for Resource Alloction in Resource Director Technology(RDT)
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Author: Fenghua Yu <[email protected]>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
 * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
 * more details.
 *
 * More information about RDT be found in the Intel (R) x86 Architecture
 * Software Developer Manual.
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt)     KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/cacheinfo.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/kernfs.h>
#include <linux/seq_buf.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>

#include <uapi/linux/magic.h>

#include <asm/intel_rdt_sched.h>
#include "intel_rdt.h"

DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_enable_key);
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_mon_enable_key);
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_alloc_enable_key);
static struct kernfs_root *rdt_root;
struct rdtgroup rdtgroup_default;
LIST_HEAD(rdt_all_groups);

/* Kernel fs node for "info" directory under root */
static struct kernfs_node *kn_info;

/* Kernel fs node for "mon_groups" directory under root */
static struct kernfs_node *kn_mongrp;

/* Kernel fs node for "mon_data" directory under root */
static struct kernfs_node *kn_mondata;

static struct seq_buf last_cmd_status;
static char last_cmd_status_buf[512];

struct dentry *debugfs_resctrl;

void rdt_last_cmd_clear(void)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        seq_buf_clear(&last_cmd_status);
}

void rdt_last_cmd_puts(const char *s)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        seq_buf_puts(&last_cmd_status, s);
}

void rdt_last_cmd_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        lockdep_assert_held(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        seq_buf_vprintf(&last_cmd_status, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
}

/*
 * Trivial allocator for CLOSIDs. Since h/w only supports a small number,
 * we can keep a bitmap of free CLOSIDs in a single integer.
 *
 * Using a global CLOSID across all resources has some advantages and
 * some drawbacks:
 * + We can simply set "current->closid" to assign a task to a resource
 *   group.
 * + Context switch code can avoid extra memory references deciding which
 *   CLOSID to load into the PQR_ASSOC MSR
 * - We give up some options in configuring resource groups across multi-socket
 *   systems.
 * - Our choices on how to configure each resource become progressively more
 *   limited as the number of resources grows.
 */
static int closid_free_map;
static int closid_free_map_len;

int closids_supported(void)
{
        return closid_free_map_len;
}

static void closid_init(void)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        int rdt_min_closid = 32;

        /* Compute rdt_min_closid across all resources */
        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r)
                rdt_min_closid = min(rdt_min_closid, r->num_closid);

        closid_free_map = BIT_MASK(rdt_min_closid) - 1;

        /* CLOSID 0 is always reserved for the default group */
        closid_free_map &= ~1;
        closid_free_map_len = rdt_min_closid;
}

static int closid_alloc(void)
{
        u32 closid = ffs(closid_free_map);

        if (closid == 0)
                return -ENOSPC;
        closid--;
        closid_free_map &= ~(1 << closid);

        return closid;
}

void closid_free(int closid)
{
        closid_free_map |= 1 << closid;
}

/**
 * closid_allocated - test if provided closid is in use
 * @closid: closid to be tested
 *
 * Return: true if @closid is currently associated with a resource group,
 * false if @closid is free
 */
static bool closid_allocated(unsigned int closid)
{
        return (closid_free_map & (1 << closid)) == 0;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_mode_by_closid - Return mode of resource group with closid
 * @closid: closid if the resource group
 *
 * Each resource group is associated with a @closid. Here the mode
 * of a resource group can be queried by searching for it using its closid.
 *
 * Return: mode as &enum rdtgrp_mode of resource group with closid @closid
 */
enum rdtgrp_mode rdtgroup_mode_by_closid(int closid)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;

        list_for_each_entry(rdtgrp, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
                if (rdtgrp->closid == closid)
                        return rdtgrp->mode;
        }

        return RDT_NUM_MODES;
}

static const char * const rdt_mode_str[] = {
        [RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE]            = "shareable",
        [RDT_MODE_EXCLUSIVE]            = "exclusive",
        [RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP]     = "pseudo-locksetup",
        [RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED]        = "pseudo-locked",
};

/**
 * rdtgroup_mode_str - Return the string representation of mode
 * @mode: the resource group mode as &enum rdtgroup_mode
 *
 * Return: string representation of valid mode, "unknown" otherwise
 */
static const char *rdtgroup_mode_str(enum rdtgrp_mode mode)
{
        if (mode < RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE || mode >= RDT_NUM_MODES)
                return "unknown";

        return rdt_mode_str[mode];
}

/* set uid and gid of rdtgroup dirs and files to that of the creator */
static int rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
        struct iattr iattr = { .ia_valid = ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID,
                                .ia_uid = current_fsuid(),
                                .ia_gid = current_fsgid(), };

        if (uid_eq(iattr.ia_uid, GLOBAL_ROOT_UID) &&
            gid_eq(iattr.ia_gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID))
                return 0;

        return kernfs_setattr(kn, &iattr);
}

static int rdtgroup_add_file(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn, struct rftype *rft)
{
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        int ret;

        kn = __kernfs_create_file(parent_kn, rft->name, rft->mode,
                                  GLOBAL_ROOT_UID, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID,
                                  0, rft->kf_ops, rft, NULL, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(kn))
                return PTR_ERR(kn);

        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
        if (ret) {
                kernfs_remove(kn);
                return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int rdtgroup_seqfile_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
        struct kernfs_open_file *of = m->private;
        struct rftype *rft = of->kn->priv;

        if (rft->seq_show)
                return rft->seq_show(of, m, arg);
        return 0;
}

static ssize_t rdtgroup_file_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf,
                                   size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
        struct rftype *rft = of->kn->priv;

        if (rft->write)
                return rft->write(of, buf, nbytes, off);

        return -EINVAL;
}

static struct kernfs_ops rdtgroup_kf_single_ops = {
        .atomic_write_len       = PAGE_SIZE,
        .write                  = rdtgroup_file_write,
        .seq_show               = rdtgroup_seqfile_show,
};

static struct kernfs_ops kf_mondata_ops = {
        .atomic_write_len       = PAGE_SIZE,
        .seq_show               = rdtgroup_mondata_show,
};

static bool is_cpu_list(struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
        struct rftype *rft = of->kn->priv;

        return rft->flags & RFTYPE_FLAGS_CPUS_LIST;
}

static int rdtgroup_cpus_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                              struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        struct cpumask *mask;
        int ret = 0;

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);

        if (rdtgrp) {
                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED) {
                        if (!rdtgrp->plr->d) {
                                rdt_last_cmd_clear();
                                rdt_last_cmd_puts("Cache domain offline\n");
                                ret = -ENODEV;
                        } else {
                                mask = &rdtgrp->plr->d->cpu_mask;
                                seq_printf(s, is_cpu_list(of) ?
                                           "%*pbl\n" : "%*pb\n",
                                           cpumask_pr_args(mask));
                        }
                } else {
                        seq_printf(s, is_cpu_list(of) ? "%*pbl\n" : "%*pb\n",
                                   cpumask_pr_args(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask));
                }
        } else {
                ret = -ENOENT;
        }
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is safe against intel_rdt_sched_in() called from __switch_to()
 * because __switch_to() is executed with interrupts disabled. A local call
 * from update_closid_rmid() is proteced against __switch_to() because
 * preemption is disabled.
 */
static void update_cpu_closid_rmid(void *info)
{
        struct rdtgroup *r = info;

        if (r) {
                this_cpu_write(pqr_state.default_closid, r->closid);
                this_cpu_write(pqr_state.default_rmid, r->mon.rmid);
        }

        /*
         * We cannot unconditionally write the MSR because the current
         * executing task might have its own closid selected. Just reuse
         * the context switch code.
         */
        intel_rdt_sched_in();
}

/*
 * Update the PGR_ASSOC MSR on all cpus in @cpu_mask,
 *
 * Per task closids/rmids must have been set up before calling this function.
 */
static void
update_closid_rmid(const struct cpumask *cpu_mask, struct rdtgroup *r)
{
        int cpu = get_cpu();

        if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, cpu_mask))
                update_cpu_closid_rmid(r);
        smp_call_function_many(cpu_mask, update_cpu_closid_rmid, r, 1);
        put_cpu();
}

static int cpus_mon_write(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
                          cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
{
        struct rdtgroup *prgrp = rdtgrp->mon.parent, *crgrp;
        struct list_head *head;

        /* Check whether cpus belong to parent ctrl group */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &prgrp->cpu_mask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("can only add CPUs to mongroup that belong to parent\n");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* Check whether cpus are dropped from this group */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                /* Give any dropped cpus to parent rdtgroup */
                cpumask_or(&prgrp->cpu_mask, &prgrp->cpu_mask, tmpmask);
                update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, prgrp);
        }

        /*
         * If we added cpus, remove them from previous group that owned them
         * and update per-cpu rmid
         */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                head = &prgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
                list_for_each_entry(crgrp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
                        if (crgrp == rdtgrp)
                                continue;
                        cpumask_andnot(&crgrp->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask,
                                       tmpmask);
                }
                update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, rdtgrp);
        }

        /* Done pushing/pulling - update this group with new mask */
        cpumask_copy(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);

        return 0;
}

static void cpumask_rdtgrp_clear(struct rdtgroup *r, struct cpumask *m)
{
        struct rdtgroup *crgrp;

        cpumask_andnot(&r->cpu_mask, &r->cpu_mask, m);
        /* update the child mon group masks as well*/
        list_for_each_entry(crgrp, &r->mon.crdtgrp_list, mon.crdtgrp_list)
                cpumask_and(&crgrp->cpu_mask, &r->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask);
}

static int cpus_ctrl_write(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
                           cpumask_var_t tmpmask, cpumask_var_t tmpmask1)
{
        struct rdtgroup *r, *crgrp;
        struct list_head *head;

        /* Check whether cpus are dropped from this group */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                /* Can't drop from default group */
                if (rdtgrp == &rdtgroup_default) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("Can't drop CPUs from default group\n");
                        return -EINVAL;
                }

                /* Give any dropped cpus to rdtgroup_default */
                cpumask_or(&rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask,
                           &rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask, tmpmask);
                update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, &rdtgroup_default);
        }

        /*
         * If we added cpus, remove them from previous group and
         * the prev group's child groups that owned them
         * and update per-cpu closid/rmid.
         */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                list_for_each_entry(r, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
                        if (r == rdtgrp)
                                continue;
                        cpumask_and(tmpmask1, &r->cpu_mask, tmpmask);
                        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask1))
                                cpumask_rdtgrp_clear(r, tmpmask1);
                }
                update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, rdtgrp);
        }

        /* Done pushing/pulling - update this group with new mask */
        cpumask_copy(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);

        /*
         * Clear child mon group masks since there is a new parent mask
         * now and update the rmid for the cpus the child lost.
         */
        head = &rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
        list_for_each_entry(crgrp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
                cpumask_and(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask);
                update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, rdtgrp);
                cpumask_clear(&crgrp->cpu_mask);
        }

        return 0;
}

static ssize_t rdtgroup_cpus_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                   char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
        cpumask_var_t tmpmask, newmask, tmpmask1;
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        int ret;

        if (!buf)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&tmpmask, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;
        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&newmask, GFP_KERNEL)) {
                free_cpumask_var(tmpmask);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&tmpmask1, GFP_KERNEL)) {
                free_cpumask_var(tmpmask);
                free_cpumask_var(newmask);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        rdt_last_cmd_clear();
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                ret = -ENOENT;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("directory was removed\n");
                goto unlock;
        }

        if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED ||
            rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("pseudo-locking in progress\n");
                goto unlock;
        }

        if (is_cpu_list(of))
                ret = cpulist_parse(buf, newmask);
        else
                ret = cpumask_parse(buf, newmask);

        if (ret) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("bad cpu list/mask\n");
                goto unlock;
        }

        /* check that user didn't specify any offline cpus */
        cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, cpu_online_mask);
        if (cpumask_weight(tmpmask)) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("can only assign online cpus\n");
                goto unlock;
        }

        if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP)
                ret = cpus_ctrl_write(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask, tmpmask1);
        else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP)
                ret = cpus_mon_write(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask);
        else
                ret = -EINVAL;

unlock:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
        free_cpumask_var(tmpmask);
        free_cpumask_var(newmask);
        free_cpumask_var(tmpmask1);

        return ret ?: nbytes;
}

struct task_move_callback {
        struct callback_head    work;
        struct rdtgroup         *rdtgrp;
};

static void move_myself(struct callback_head *head)
{
        struct task_move_callback *callback;
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;

        callback = container_of(head, struct task_move_callback, work);
        rdtgrp = callback->rdtgrp;

        /*
         * If resource group was deleted before this task work callback
         * was invoked, then assign the task to root group and free the
         * resource group.
         */
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rdtgrp->waitcount) &&
            (rdtgrp->flags & RDT_DELETED)) {
                current->closid = 0;
                current->rmid = 0;
                kfree(rdtgrp);
        }

        preempt_disable();
        /* update PQR_ASSOC MSR to make resource group go into effect */
        intel_rdt_sched_in();
        preempt_enable();

        kfree(callback);
}

static int __rdtgroup_move_task(struct task_struct *tsk,
                                struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
{
        struct task_move_callback *callback;
        int ret;

        callback = kzalloc(sizeof(*callback), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!callback)
                return -ENOMEM;
        callback->work.func = move_myself;
        callback->rdtgrp = rdtgrp;

        /*
         * Take a refcount, so rdtgrp cannot be freed before the
         * callback has been invoked.
         */
        atomic_inc(&rdtgrp->waitcount);
        ret = task_work_add(tsk, &callback->work, true);
        if (ret) {
                /*
                 * Task is exiting. Drop the refcount and free the callback.
                 * No need to check the refcount as the group cannot be
                 * deleted before the write function unlocks rdtgroup_mutex.
                 */
                atomic_dec(&rdtgrp->waitcount);
                kfree(callback);
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("task exited\n");
        } else {
                /*
                 * For ctrl_mon groups move both closid and rmid.
                 * For monitor groups, can move the tasks only from
                 * their parent CTRL group.
                 */
                if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP) {
                        tsk->closid = rdtgrp->closid;
                        tsk->rmid = rdtgrp->mon.rmid;
                } else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP) {
                        if (rdtgrp->mon.parent->closid == tsk->closid) {
                                tsk->rmid = rdtgrp->mon.rmid;
                        } else {
                                rdt_last_cmd_puts("Can't move task to different control group\n");
                                ret = -EINVAL;
                        }
                }
        }
        return ret;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_tasks_assigned - Test if tasks have been assigned to resource group
 * @r: Resource group
 *
 * Return: 1 if tasks have been assigned to @r, 0 otherwise
 */
int rdtgroup_tasks_assigned(struct rdtgroup *r)
{
        struct task_struct *p, *t;
        int ret = 0;

        lockdep_assert_held(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        rcu_read_lock();
        for_each_process_thread(p, t) {
                if ((r->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP && t->closid == r->closid) ||
                    (r->type == RDTMON_GROUP && t->rmid == r->mon.rmid)) {
                        ret = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return ret;
}

static int rdtgroup_task_write_permission(struct task_struct *task,
                                          struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
        const struct cred *tcred = get_task_cred(task);
        const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * Even if we're attaching all tasks in the thread group, we only
         * need to check permissions on one of them.
         */
        if (!uid_eq(cred->euid, GLOBAL_ROOT_UID) &&
            !uid_eq(cred->euid, tcred->uid) &&
            !uid_eq(cred->euid, tcred->suid)) {
                rdt_last_cmd_printf("No permission to move task %d\n", task->pid);
                ret = -EPERM;
        }

        put_cred(tcred);
        return ret;
}

static int rdtgroup_move_task(pid_t pid, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp,
                              struct kernfs_open_file *of)
{
        struct task_struct *tsk;
        int ret;

        rcu_read_lock();
        if (pid) {
                tsk = find_task_by_vpid(pid);
                if (!tsk) {
                        rcu_read_unlock();
                        rdt_last_cmd_printf("No task %d\n", pid);
                        return -ESRCH;
                }
        } else {
                tsk = current;
        }

        get_task_struct(tsk);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        ret = rdtgroup_task_write_permission(tsk, of);
        if (!ret)
                ret = __rdtgroup_move_task(tsk, rdtgrp);

        put_task_struct(tsk);
        return ret;
}

static ssize_t rdtgroup_tasks_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                    char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        int ret = 0;
        pid_t pid;

        if (kstrtoint(strstrip(buf), 0, &pid) || pid < 0)
                return -EINVAL;
        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
                return -ENOENT;
        }
        rdt_last_cmd_clear();

        if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED ||
            rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("pseudo-locking in progress\n");
                goto unlock;
        }

        ret = rdtgroup_move_task(pid, rdtgrp, of);

unlock:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);

        return ret ?: nbytes;
}

static void show_rdt_tasks(struct rdtgroup *r, struct seq_file *s)
{
        struct task_struct *p, *t;

        rcu_read_lock();
        for_each_process_thread(p, t) {
                if ((r->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP && t->closid == r->closid) ||
                    (r->type == RDTMON_GROUP && t->rmid == r->mon.rmid))
                        seq_printf(s, "%d\n", t->pid);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
}

static int rdtgroup_tasks_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                               struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        int ret = 0;

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        if (rdtgrp)
                show_rdt_tasks(rdtgrp, s);
        else
                ret = -ENOENT;
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);

        return ret;
}

static int rdt_last_cmd_status_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                    struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        int len;

        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        len = seq_buf_used(&last_cmd_status);
        if (len)
                seq_printf(seq, "%.*s", len, last_cmd_status_buf);
        else
                seq_puts(seq, "ok\n");
        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_num_closids_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", r->num_closid);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_default_ctrl_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                             struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%x\n", r->default_ctrl);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_min_cbm_bits_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                             struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", r->cache.min_cbm_bits);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_shareable_bits_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                   struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%x\n", r->cache.shareable_bits);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * rdt_bit_usage_show - Display current usage of resources
 *
 * A domain is a shared resource that can now be allocated differently. Here
 * we display the current regions of the domain as an annotated bitmask.
 * For each domain of this resource its allocation bitmask
 * is annotated as below to indicate the current usage of the corresponding bit:
 *   0 - currently unused
 *   X - currently available for sharing and used by software and hardware
 *   H - currently used by hardware only but available for software use
 *   S - currently used and shareable by software only
 *   E - currently used exclusively by one resource group
 *   P - currently pseudo-locked by one resource group
 */
static int rdt_bit_usage_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                              struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;
        u32 sw_shareable = 0, hw_shareable = 0;
        u32 exclusive = 0, pseudo_locked = 0;
        struct rdt_domain *dom;
        int i, hwb, swb, excl, psl;
        enum rdtgrp_mode mode;
        bool sep = false;
        u32 *ctrl;

        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        hw_shareable = r->cache.shareable_bits;
        list_for_each_entry(dom, &r->domains, list) {
                if (sep)
                        seq_putc(seq, ';');
                ctrl = dom->ctrl_val;
                sw_shareable = 0;
                exclusive = 0;
                seq_printf(seq, "%d=", dom->id);
                for (i = 0; i < closids_supported(); i++, ctrl++) {
                        if (!closid_allocated(i))
                                continue;
                        mode = rdtgroup_mode_by_closid(i);
                        switch (mode) {
                        case RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE:
                                sw_shareable |= *ctrl;
                                break;
                        case RDT_MODE_EXCLUSIVE:
                                exclusive |= *ctrl;
                                break;
                        case RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP:
                        /*
                         * RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP is possible
                         * here but not included since the CBM
                         * associated with this CLOSID in this mode
                         * is not initialized and no task or cpu can be
                         * assigned this CLOSID.
                         */
                                break;
                        case RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED:
                        case RDT_NUM_MODES:
                                WARN(1,
                                     "invalid mode for closid %d\n", i);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                for (i = r->cache.cbm_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                        pseudo_locked = dom->plr ? dom->plr->cbm : 0;
                        hwb = test_bit(i, (unsigned long *)&hw_shareable);
                        swb = test_bit(i, (unsigned long *)&sw_shareable);
                        excl = test_bit(i, (unsigned long *)&exclusive);
                        psl = test_bit(i, (unsigned long *)&pseudo_locked);
                        if (hwb && swb)
                                seq_putc(seq, 'X');
                        else if (hwb && !swb)
                                seq_putc(seq, 'H');
                        else if (!hwb && swb)
                                seq_putc(seq, 'S');
                        else if (excl)
                                seq_putc(seq, 'E');
                        else if (psl)
                                seq_putc(seq, 'P');
                        else /* Unused bits remain */
                                seq_putc(seq, '0');
                }
                sep = true;
        }
        seq_putc(seq, '\n');
        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_min_bw_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                             struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", r->membw.min_bw);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_num_rmids_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                              struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", r->num_rmid);

        return 0;
}

static int rdt_mon_features_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                 struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;
        struct mon_evt *mevt;

        list_for_each_entry(mevt, &r->evt_list, list)
                seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", mevt->name);

        return 0;
}

static int rdt_bw_gran_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                             struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", r->membw.bw_gran);
        return 0;
}

static int rdt_delay_linear_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                             struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", r->membw.delay_linear);
        return 0;
}

static int max_threshold_occ_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                  struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;

        seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", intel_cqm_threshold * r->mon_scale);

        return 0;
}

static ssize_t max_threshold_occ_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                       char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = of->kn->parent->priv;
        unsigned int bytes;
        int ret;

        ret = kstrtouint(buf, 0, &bytes);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (bytes > (boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_size * 1024))
                return -EINVAL;

        intel_cqm_threshold = bytes / r->mon_scale;

        return nbytes;
}

/*
 * rdtgroup_mode_show - Display mode of this resource group
 */
static int rdtgroup_mode_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                              struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
                return -ENOENT;
        }

        seq_printf(s, "%s\n", rdtgroup_mode_str(rdtgrp->mode));

        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * rdt_cdp_peer_get - Retrieve CDP peer if it exists
 * @r: RDT resource to which RDT domain @d belongs
 * @d: Cache instance for which a CDP peer is requested
 * @r_cdp: RDT resource that shares hardware with @r (RDT resource peer)
 *         Used to return the result.
 * @d_cdp: RDT domain that shares hardware with @d (RDT domain peer)
 *         Used to return the result.
 *
 * RDT resources are managed independently and by extension the RDT domains
 * (RDT resource instances) are managed independently also. The Code and
 * Data Prioritization (CDP) RDT resources, while managed independently,
 * could refer to the same underlying hardware. For example,
 * RDT_RESOURCE_L2CODE and RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA both refer to the L2 cache.
 *
 * When provided with an RDT resource @r and an instance of that RDT
 * resource @d rdt_cdp_peer_get() will return if there is a peer RDT
 * resource and the exact instance that shares the same hardware.
 *
 * Return: 0 if a CDP peer was found, <0 on error or if no CDP peer exists.
 *         If a CDP peer was found, @r_cdp will point to the peer RDT resource
 *         and @d_cdp will point to the peer RDT domain.
 */
static int rdt_cdp_peer_get(struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdt_domain *d,
                            struct rdt_resource **r_cdp,
                            struct rdt_domain **d_cdp)
{
        struct rdt_resource *_r_cdp = NULL;
        struct rdt_domain *_d_cdp = NULL;
        int ret = 0;

        switch (r->rid) {
        case RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA:
                _r_cdp = &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L3CODE];
                break;
        case RDT_RESOURCE_L3CODE:
                _r_cdp =  &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA];
                break;
        case RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA:
                _r_cdp =  &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L2CODE];
                break;
        case RDT_RESOURCE_L2CODE:
                _r_cdp =  &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA];
                break;
        default:
                ret = -ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * When a new CPU comes online and CDP is enabled then the new
         * RDT domains (if any) associated with both CDP RDT resources
         * are added in the same CPU online routine while the
         * rdtgroup_mutex is held. It should thus not happen for one
         * RDT domain to exist and be associated with its RDT CDP
         * resource but there is no RDT domain associated with the
         * peer RDT CDP resource. Hence the WARN.
         */
        _d_cdp = rdt_find_domain(_r_cdp, d->id, NULL);
        if (WARN_ON(!_d_cdp)) {
                _r_cdp = NULL;
                ret = -EINVAL;
        }

out:
        *r_cdp = _r_cdp;
        *d_cdp = _d_cdp;

        return ret;
}

/**
 * __rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps - Does CBM for intended closid overlap with other
 * @r: Resource to which domain instance @d belongs.
 * @d: The domain instance for which @closid is being tested.
 * @cbm: Capacity bitmask being tested.
 * @closid: Intended closid for @cbm.
 * @exclusive: Only check if overlaps with exclusive resource groups
 *
 * Checks if provided @cbm intended to be used for @closid on domain
 * @d overlaps with any other closids or other hardware usage associated
 * with this domain. If @exclusive is true then only overlaps with
 * resource groups in exclusive mode will be considered. If @exclusive
 * is false then overlaps with any resource group or hardware entities
 * will be considered.
 *
 * @cbm is unsigned long, even if only 32 bits are used, to make the
 * bitmap functions work correctly.
 *
 * Return: false if CBM does not overlap, true if it does.
 */
static bool __rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps(struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdt_domain *d,
                                    unsigned long cbm, int closid, bool exclusive)
{
        enum rdtgrp_mode mode;
        unsigned long ctrl_b;
        u32 *ctrl;
        int i;

        /* Check for any overlap with regions used by hardware directly */
        if (!exclusive) {
                ctrl_b = r->cache.shareable_bits;
                if (bitmap_intersects(&cbm, &ctrl_b, r->cache.cbm_len))
                        return true;
        }

        /* Check for overlap with other resource groups */
        ctrl = d->ctrl_val;
        for (i = 0; i < closids_supported(); i++, ctrl++) {
                ctrl_b = *ctrl;
                mode = rdtgroup_mode_by_closid(i);
                if (closid_allocated(i) && i != closid &&
                    mode != RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                        if (bitmap_intersects(&cbm, &ctrl_b, r->cache.cbm_len)) {
                                if (exclusive) {
                                        if (mode == RDT_MODE_EXCLUSIVE)
                                                return true;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                return true;
                        }
                }
        }

        return false;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps - Does CBM overlap with other use of hardware
 * @r: Resource to which domain instance @d belongs.
 * @d: The domain instance for which @closid is being tested.
 * @cbm: Capacity bitmask being tested.
 * @closid: Intended closid for @cbm.
 * @exclusive: Only check if overlaps with exclusive resource groups
 *
 * Resources that can be allocated using a CBM can use the CBM to control
 * the overlap of these allocations. rdtgroup_cmb_overlaps() is the test
 * for overlap. Overlap test is not limited to the specific resource for
 * which the CBM is intended though - when dealing with CDP resources that
 * share the underlying hardware the overlap check should be performed on
 * the CDP resource sharing the hardware also.
 *
 * Refer to description of __rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps() for the details of the
 * overlap test.
 *
 * Return: true if CBM overlap detected, false if there is no overlap
 */
bool rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps(struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdt_domain *d,
                           unsigned long cbm, int closid, bool exclusive)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r_cdp;
        struct rdt_domain *d_cdp;

        if (__rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps(r, d, cbm, closid, exclusive))
                return true;

        if (rdt_cdp_peer_get(r, d, &r_cdp, &d_cdp) < 0)
                return false;

        return  __rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps(r_cdp, d_cdp, cbm, closid, exclusive);
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_mode_test_exclusive - Test if this resource group can be exclusive
 *
 * An exclusive resource group implies that there should be no sharing of
 * its allocated resources. At the time this group is considered to be
 * exclusive this test can determine if its current schemata supports this
 * setting by testing for overlap with all other resource groups.
 *
 * Return: true if resource group can be exclusive, false if there is overlap
 * with allocations of other resource groups and thus this resource group
 * cannot be exclusive.
 */
static bool rdtgroup_mode_test_exclusive(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
{
        int closid = rdtgrp->closid;
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        bool has_cache = false;
        struct rdt_domain *d;

        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                if (r->rid == RDT_RESOURCE_MBA)
                        continue;
                has_cache = true;
                list_for_each_entry(d, &r->domains, list) {
                        if (rdtgroup_cbm_overlaps(r, d, d->ctrl_val[closid],
                                                  rdtgrp->closid, false)) {
                                rdt_last_cmd_puts("schemata overlaps\n");
                                return false;
                        }
                }
        }

        if (!has_cache) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("cannot be exclusive without CAT/CDP\n");
                return false;
        }

        return true;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_mode_write - Modify the resource group's mode
 *
 */
static ssize_t rdtgroup_mode_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                                   char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        enum rdtgrp_mode mode;
        int ret = 0;

        /* Valid input requires a trailing newline */
        if (nbytes == 0 || buf[nbytes - 1] != '\n')
                return -EINVAL;
        buf[nbytes - 1] = '\0';

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
                return -ENOENT;
        }

        rdt_last_cmd_clear();

        mode = rdtgrp->mode;

        if ((!strcmp(buf, "shareable") && mode == RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE) ||
            (!strcmp(buf, "exclusive") && mode == RDT_MODE_EXCLUSIVE) ||
            (!strcmp(buf, "pseudo-locksetup") &&
             mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) ||
            (!strcmp(buf, "pseudo-locked") && mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED))
                goto out;

        if (mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED) {
                rdt_last_cmd_printf("cannot change pseudo-locked group\n");
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        if (!strcmp(buf, "shareable")) {
                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                        ret = rdtgroup_locksetup_exit(rdtgrp);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                }
                rdtgrp->mode = RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE;
        } else if (!strcmp(buf, "exclusive")) {
                if (!rdtgroup_mode_test_exclusive(rdtgrp)) {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                        ret = rdtgroup_locksetup_exit(rdtgrp);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                }
                rdtgrp->mode = RDT_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        } else if (!strcmp(buf, "pseudo-locksetup")) {
                ret = rdtgroup_locksetup_enter(rdtgrp);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
                rdtgrp->mode = RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP;
        } else {
                rdt_last_cmd_printf("unknown/unsupported mode\n");
                ret = -EINVAL;
        }

out:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
        return ret ?: nbytes;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_cbm_to_size - Translate CBM to size in bytes
 * @r: RDT resource to which @d belongs.
 * @d: RDT domain instance.
 * @cbm: bitmask for which the size should be computed.
 *
 * The bitmask provided associated with the RDT domain instance @d will be
 * translated into how many bytes it represents. The size in bytes is
 * computed by first dividing the total cache size by the CBM length to
 * determine how many bytes each bit in the bitmask represents. The result
 * is multiplied with the number of bits set in the bitmask.
 *
 * @cbm is unsigned long, even if only 32 bits are used to make the
 * bitmap functions work correctly.
 */
unsigned int rdtgroup_cbm_to_size(struct rdt_resource *r,
                                  struct rdt_domain *d, unsigned long cbm)
{
        struct cpu_cacheinfo *ci;
        unsigned int size = 0;
        int num_b, i;

        num_b = bitmap_weight(&cbm, r->cache.cbm_len);
        ci = get_cpu_cacheinfo(cpumask_any(&d->cpu_mask));
        for (i = 0; i < ci->num_leaves; i++) {
                if (ci->info_list[i].level == r->cache_level) {
                        size = ci->info_list[i].size / r->cache.cbm_len * num_b;
                        break;
                }
        }

        return size;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_size_show - Display size in bytes of allocated regions
 *
 * The "size" file mirrors the layout of the "schemata" file, printing the
 * size in bytes of each region instead of the capacity bitmask.
 *
 */
static int rdtgroup_size_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
                              struct seq_file *s, void *v)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        struct rdt_domain *d;
        unsigned int size;
        int ret = 0;
        bool sep;
        u32 ctrl;

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(of->kn);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);
                return -ENOENT;
        }

        if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED) {
                if (!rdtgrp->plr->d) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_clear();
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("Cache domain offline\n");
                        ret = -ENODEV;
                } else {
                        seq_printf(s, "%*s:", max_name_width,
                                   rdtgrp->plr->r->name);
                        size = rdtgroup_cbm_to_size(rdtgrp->plr->r,
                                                    rdtgrp->plr->d,
                                                    rdtgrp->plr->cbm);
                        seq_printf(s, "%d=%u\n", rdtgrp->plr->d->id, size);
                }
                goto out;
        }

        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                sep = false;
                seq_printf(s, "%*s:", max_name_width, r->name);
                list_for_each_entry(d, &r->domains, list) {
                        if (sep)
                                seq_putc(s, ';');
                        if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP) {
                                size = 0;
                        } else {
                                ctrl = (!is_mba_sc(r) ?
                                                d->ctrl_val[rdtgrp->closid] :
                                                d->mbps_val[rdtgrp->closid]);
                                if (r->rid == RDT_RESOURCE_MBA)
                                        size = ctrl;
                                else
                                        size = rdtgroup_cbm_to_size(r, d, ctrl);
                        }
                        seq_printf(s, "%d=%u", d->id, size);
                        sep = true;
                }
                seq_putc(s, '\n');
        }

out:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(of->kn);

        return ret;
}

/* rdtgroup information files for one cache resource. */
static struct rftype res_common_files[] = {
        {
                .name           = "last_cmd_status",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_last_cmd_status_show,
                .fflags         = RF_TOP_INFO,
        },
        {
                .name           = "num_closids",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_num_closids_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO,
        },
        {
                .name           = "mon_features",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_mon_features_show,
                .fflags         = RF_MON_INFO,
        },
        {
                .name           = "num_rmids",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_num_rmids_show,
                .fflags         = RF_MON_INFO,
        },
        {
                .name           = "cbm_mask",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_default_ctrl_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_CACHE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "min_cbm_bits",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_min_cbm_bits_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_CACHE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "shareable_bits",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_shareable_bits_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_CACHE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "bit_usage",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_bit_usage_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_CACHE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "min_bandwidth",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_min_bw_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_MB,
        },
        {
                .name           = "bandwidth_gran",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_bw_gran_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_MB,
        },
        {
                .name           = "delay_linear",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdt_delay_linear_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_MB,
        },
        {
                .name           = "max_threshold_occupancy",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = max_threshold_occ_write,
                .seq_show       = max_threshold_occ_show,
                .fflags         = RF_MON_INFO | RFTYPE_RES_CACHE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "cpus",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = rdtgroup_cpus_write,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_cpus_show,
                .fflags         = RFTYPE_BASE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "cpus_list",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = rdtgroup_cpus_write,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_cpus_show,
                .flags          = RFTYPE_FLAGS_CPUS_LIST,
                .fflags         = RFTYPE_BASE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "tasks",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = rdtgroup_tasks_write,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_tasks_show,
                .fflags         = RFTYPE_BASE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "schemata",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = rdtgroup_schemata_write,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_schemata_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_BASE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "mode",
                .mode           = 0644,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .write          = rdtgroup_mode_write,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_mode_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_BASE,
        },
        {
                .name           = "size",
                .mode           = 0444,
                .kf_ops         = &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
                .seq_show       = rdtgroup_size_show,
                .fflags         = RF_CTRL_BASE,
        },

};

static int rdtgroup_add_files(struct kernfs_node *kn, unsigned long fflags)
{
        struct rftype *rfts, *rft;
        int ret, len;

        rfts = res_common_files;
        len = ARRAY_SIZE(res_common_files);

        lockdep_assert_held(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        for (rft = rfts; rft < rfts + len; rft++) {
                if ((fflags & rft->fflags) == rft->fflags) {
                        ret = rdtgroup_add_file(kn, rft);
                        if (ret)
                                goto error;
                }
        }

        return 0;
error:
        pr_warn("Failed to add %s, err=%d\n", rft->name, ret);
        while (--rft >= rfts) {
                if ((fflags & rft->fflags) == rft->fflags)
                        kernfs_remove_by_name(kn, rft->name);
        }
        return ret;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_kn_mode_restrict - Restrict user access to named resctrl file
 * @r: The resource group with which the file is associated.
 * @name: Name of the file
 *
 * The permissions of named resctrl file, directory, or link are modified
 * to not allow read, write, or execute by any user.
 *
 * WARNING: This function is intended to communicate to the user that the
 * resctrl file has been locked down - that it is not relevant to the
 * particular state the system finds itself in. It should not be relied
 * on to protect from user access because after the file's permissions
 * are restricted the user can still change the permissions using chmod
 * from the command line.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, <0 on failure.
 */
int rdtgroup_kn_mode_restrict(struct rdtgroup *r, const char *name)
{
        struct iattr iattr = {.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE,};
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        int ret = 0;

        kn = kernfs_find_and_get_ns(r->kn, name, NULL);
        if (!kn)
                return -ENOENT;

        switch (kernfs_type(kn)) {
        case KERNFS_DIR:
                iattr.ia_mode = S_IFDIR;
                break;
        case KERNFS_FILE:
                iattr.ia_mode = S_IFREG;
                break;
        case KERNFS_LINK:
                iattr.ia_mode = S_IFLNK;
                break;
        }

        ret = kernfs_setattr(kn, &iattr);
        kernfs_put(kn);
        return ret;
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_kn_mode_restore - Restore user access to named resctrl file
 * @r: The resource group with which the file is associated.
 * @name: Name of the file
 * @mask: Mask of permissions that should be restored
 *
 * Restore the permissions of the named file. If @name is a directory the
 * permissions of its parent will be used.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, <0 on failure.
 */
int rdtgroup_kn_mode_restore(struct rdtgroup *r, const char *name,
                             umode_t mask)
{
        struct iattr iattr = {.ia_valid = ATTR_MODE,};
        struct kernfs_node *kn, *parent;
        struct rftype *rfts, *rft;
        int ret, len;

        rfts = res_common_files;
        len = ARRAY_SIZE(res_common_files);

        for (rft = rfts; rft < rfts + len; rft++) {
                if (!strcmp(rft->name, name))
                        iattr.ia_mode = rft->mode & mask;
        }

        kn = kernfs_find_and_get_ns(r->kn, name, NULL);
        if (!kn)
                return -ENOENT;

        switch (kernfs_type(kn)) {
        case KERNFS_DIR:
                parent = kernfs_get_parent(kn);
                if (parent) {
                        iattr.ia_mode |= parent->mode;
                        kernfs_put(parent);
                }
                iattr.ia_mode |= S_IFDIR;
                break;
        case KERNFS_FILE:
                iattr.ia_mode |= S_IFREG;
                break;
        case KERNFS_LINK:
                iattr.ia_mode |= S_IFLNK;
                break;
        }

        ret = kernfs_setattr(kn, &iattr);
        kernfs_put(kn);
        return ret;
}

static int rdtgroup_mkdir_info_resdir(struct rdt_resource *r, char *name,
                                      unsigned long fflags)
{
        struct kernfs_node *kn_subdir;
        int ret;

        kn_subdir = kernfs_create_dir(kn_info, name,
                                      kn_info->mode, r);
        if (IS_ERR(kn_subdir))
                return PTR_ERR(kn_subdir);

        kernfs_get(kn_subdir);
        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn_subdir);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = rdtgroup_add_files(kn_subdir, fflags);
        if (!ret)
                kernfs_activate(kn_subdir);

        return ret;
}

static int rdtgroup_create_info_dir(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        unsigned long fflags;
        char name[32];
        int ret;

        /* create the directory */
        kn_info = kernfs_create_dir(parent_kn, "info", parent_kn->mode, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(kn_info))
                return PTR_ERR(kn_info);
        kernfs_get(kn_info);

        ret = rdtgroup_add_files(kn_info, RF_TOP_INFO);
        if (ret)
                goto out_destroy;

        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                fflags =  r->fflags | RF_CTRL_INFO;
                ret = rdtgroup_mkdir_info_resdir(r, r->name, fflags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_destroy;
        }

        for_each_mon_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                fflags =  r->fflags | RF_MON_INFO;
                sprintf(name, "%s_MON", r->name);
                ret = rdtgroup_mkdir_info_resdir(r, name, fflags);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_destroy;
        }

        /*
         * This extra ref will be put in kernfs_remove() and guarantees
         * that @rdtgrp->kn is always accessible.
         */
        kernfs_get(kn_info);

        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn_info);
        if (ret)
                goto out_destroy;

        kernfs_activate(kn_info);

        return 0;

out_destroy:
        kernfs_remove(kn_info);
        return ret;
}

static int
mongroup_create_dir(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn, struct rdtgroup *prgrp,
                    char *name, struct kernfs_node **dest_kn)
{
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        int ret;

        /* create the directory */
        kn = kernfs_create_dir(parent_kn, name, parent_kn->mode, prgrp);
        if (IS_ERR(kn))
                return PTR_ERR(kn);

        if (dest_kn)
                *dest_kn = kn;

        /*
         * This extra ref will be put in kernfs_remove() and guarantees
         * that @rdtgrp->kn is always accessible.
         */
        kernfs_get(kn);

        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
        if (ret)
                goto out_destroy;

        kernfs_activate(kn);

        return 0;

out_destroy:
        kernfs_remove(kn);
        return ret;
}

static void l3_qos_cfg_update(void *arg)
{
        bool *enable = arg;

        wrmsrl(IA32_L3_QOS_CFG, *enable ? L3_QOS_CDP_ENABLE : 0ULL);
}

static void l2_qos_cfg_update(void *arg)
{
        bool *enable = arg;

        wrmsrl(IA32_L2_QOS_CFG, *enable ? L2_QOS_CDP_ENABLE : 0ULL);
}

static inline bool is_mba_linear(void)
{
        return rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_MBA].membw.delay_linear;
}

static int set_cache_qos_cfg(int level, bool enable)
{
        void (*update)(void *arg);
        struct rdt_resource *r_l;
        cpumask_var_t cpu_mask;
        struct rdt_domain *d;
        int cpu;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&cpu_mask, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (level == RDT_RESOURCE_L3)
                update = l3_qos_cfg_update;
        else if (level == RDT_RESOURCE_L2)
                update = l2_qos_cfg_update;
        else
                return -EINVAL;

        r_l = &rdt_resources_all[level];
        list_for_each_entry(d, &r_l->domains, list) {
                /* Pick one CPU from each domain instance to update MSR */
                cpumask_set_cpu(cpumask_any(&d->cpu_mask), cpu_mask);
        }
        cpu = get_cpu();
        /* Update QOS_CFG MSR on this cpu if it's in cpu_mask. */
        if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, cpu_mask))
                update(&enable);
        /* Update QOS_CFG MSR on all other cpus in cpu_mask. */
        smp_call_function_many(cpu_mask, update, &enable, 1);
        put_cpu();

        free_cpumask_var(cpu_mask);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Enable or disable the MBA software controller
 * which helps user specify bandwidth in MBps.
 * MBA software controller is supported only if
 * MBM is supported and MBA is in linear scale.
 */
static int set_mba_sc(bool mba_sc)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_MBA];
        struct rdt_domain *d;

        if (!is_mbm_enabled() || !is_mba_linear() ||
            mba_sc == is_mba_sc(r))
                return -EINVAL;

        r->membw.mba_sc = mba_sc;
        list_for_each_entry(d, &r->domains, list)
                setup_default_ctrlval(r, d->ctrl_val, d->mbps_val);

        return 0;
}

static int cdp_enable(int level, int data_type, int code_type)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r_ldata = &rdt_resources_all[data_type];
        struct rdt_resource *r_lcode = &rdt_resources_all[code_type];
        struct rdt_resource *r_l = &rdt_resources_all[level];
        int ret;

        if (!r_l->alloc_capable || !r_ldata->alloc_capable ||
            !r_lcode->alloc_capable)
                return -EINVAL;

        ret = set_cache_qos_cfg(level, true);
        if (!ret) {
                r_l->alloc_enabled = false;
                r_ldata->alloc_enabled = true;
                r_lcode->alloc_enabled = true;
        }
        return ret;
}

static int cdpl3_enable(void)
{
        return cdp_enable(RDT_RESOURCE_L3, RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA,
                          RDT_RESOURCE_L3CODE);
}

static int cdpl2_enable(void)
{
        return cdp_enable(RDT_RESOURCE_L2, RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA,
                          RDT_RESOURCE_L2CODE);
}

static void cdp_disable(int level, int data_type, int code_type)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r = &rdt_resources_all[level];

        r->alloc_enabled = r->alloc_capable;

        if (rdt_resources_all[data_type].alloc_enabled) {
                rdt_resources_all[data_type].alloc_enabled = false;
                rdt_resources_all[code_type].alloc_enabled = false;
                set_cache_qos_cfg(level, false);
        }
}

static void cdpl3_disable(void)
{
        cdp_disable(RDT_RESOURCE_L3, RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA, RDT_RESOURCE_L3CODE);
}

static void cdpl2_disable(void)
{
        cdp_disable(RDT_RESOURCE_L2, RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA, RDT_RESOURCE_L2CODE);
}

static void cdp_disable_all(void)
{
        if (rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA].alloc_enabled)
                cdpl3_disable();
        if (rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA].alloc_enabled)
                cdpl2_disable();
}

static int parse_rdtgroupfs_options(char *data)
{
        char *token, *o = data;
        int ret = 0;

        while ((token = strsep(&o, ",")) != NULL) {
                if (!*token) {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                if (!strcmp(token, "cdp")) {
                        ret = cdpl3_enable();
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                } else if (!strcmp(token, "cdpl2")) {
                        ret = cdpl2_enable();
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                } else if (!strcmp(token, "mba_MBps")) {
                        ret = set_mba_sc(true);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                } else {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        return 0;

out:
        pr_err("Invalid mount option \"%s\"\n", token);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * We don't allow rdtgroup directories to be created anywhere
 * except the root directory. Thus when looking for the rdtgroup
 * structure for a kernfs node we are either looking at a directory,
 * in which case the rdtgroup structure is pointed at by the "priv"
 * field, otherwise we have a file, and need only look to the parent
 * to find the rdtgroup.
 */
static struct rdtgroup *kernfs_to_rdtgroup(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
        if (kernfs_type(kn) == KERNFS_DIR) {
                /*
                 * All the resource directories use "kn->priv"
                 * to point to the "struct rdtgroup" for the
                 * resource. "info" and its subdirectories don't
                 * have rdtgroup structures, so return NULL here.
                 */
                if (kn == kn_info || kn->parent == kn_info)
                        return NULL;
                else
                        return kn->priv;
        } else {
                return kn->parent->priv;
        }
}

struct rdtgroup *rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp = kernfs_to_rdtgroup(kn);

        if (!rdtgrp)
                return NULL;

        atomic_inc(&rdtgrp->waitcount);
        kernfs_break_active_protection(kn);

        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        /* Was this group deleted while we waited? */
        if (rdtgrp->flags & RDT_DELETED)
                return NULL;

        return rdtgrp;
}

void rdtgroup_kn_unlock(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp = kernfs_to_rdtgroup(kn);

        if (!rdtgrp)
                return;

        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rdtgrp->waitcount) &&
            (rdtgrp->flags & RDT_DELETED)) {
                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP ||
                    rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED)
                        rdtgroup_pseudo_lock_remove(rdtgrp);
                kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(kn);
                kernfs_put(rdtgrp->kn);
                kfree(rdtgrp);
        } else {
                kernfs_unbreak_active_protection(kn);
        }
}

static int mkdir_mondata_all(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                             struct rdtgroup *prgrp,
                             struct kernfs_node **mon_data_kn);

static struct dentry *rdt_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
                                int flags, const char *unused_dev_name,
                                void *data)
{
        struct rdt_domain *dom;
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        struct dentry *dentry;
        int ret;

        cpus_read_lock();
        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        /*
         * resctrl file system can only be mounted once.
         */
        if (static_branch_unlikely(&rdt_enable_key)) {
                dentry = ERR_PTR(-EBUSY);
                goto out;
        }

        ret = parse_rdtgroupfs_options(data);
        if (ret) {
                dentry = ERR_PTR(ret);
                goto out_cdp;
        }

        closid_init();

        ret = rdtgroup_create_info_dir(rdtgroup_default.kn);
        if (ret) {
                dentry = ERR_PTR(ret);
                goto out_cdp;
        }

        if (rdt_mon_capable) {
                ret = mongroup_create_dir(rdtgroup_default.kn,
                                          NULL, "mon_groups",
                                          &kn_mongrp);
                if (ret) {
                        dentry = ERR_PTR(ret);
                        goto out_info;
                }
                kernfs_get(kn_mongrp);

                ret = mkdir_mondata_all(rdtgroup_default.kn,
                                        &rdtgroup_default, &kn_mondata);
                if (ret) {
                        dentry = ERR_PTR(ret);
                        goto out_mongrp;
                }
                kernfs_get(kn_mondata);
                rdtgroup_default.mon.mon_data_kn = kn_mondata;
        }

        ret = rdt_pseudo_lock_init();
        if (ret) {
                dentry = ERR_PTR(ret);
                goto out_mondata;
        }

        dentry = kernfs_mount(fs_type, flags, rdt_root,
                              RDTGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(dentry))
                goto out_psl;

        if (rdt_alloc_capable)
                static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&rdt_alloc_enable_key);
        if (rdt_mon_capable)
                static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&rdt_mon_enable_key);

        if (rdt_alloc_capable || rdt_mon_capable)
                static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);

        if (is_mbm_enabled()) {
                r = &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L3];
                list_for_each_entry(dom, &r->domains, list)
                        mbm_setup_overflow_handler(dom, MBM_OVERFLOW_INTERVAL);
        }

        goto out;

out_psl:
        rdt_pseudo_lock_release();
out_mondata:
        if (rdt_mon_capable)
                kernfs_remove(kn_mondata);
out_mongrp:
        if (rdt_mon_capable)
                kernfs_remove(kn_mongrp);
out_info:
        kernfs_remove(kn_info);
out_cdp:
        cdp_disable_all();
out:
        rdt_last_cmd_clear();
        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        cpus_read_unlock();

        return dentry;
}

static int reset_all_ctrls(struct rdt_resource *r)
{
        struct msr_param msr_param;
        cpumask_var_t cpu_mask;
        struct rdt_domain *d;
        int i, cpu;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&cpu_mask, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;

        msr_param.res = r;
        msr_param.low = 0;
        msr_param.high = r->num_closid;

        /*
         * Disable resource control for this resource by setting all
         * CBMs in all domains to the maximum mask value. Pick one CPU
         * from each domain to update the MSRs below.
         */
        list_for_each_entry(d, &r->domains, list) {
                cpumask_set_cpu(cpumask_any(&d->cpu_mask), cpu_mask);

                for (i = 0; i < r->num_closid; i++)
                        d->ctrl_val[i] = r->default_ctrl;
        }
        cpu = get_cpu();
        /* Update CBM on this cpu if it's in cpu_mask. */
        if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, cpu_mask))
                rdt_ctrl_update(&msr_param);
        /* Update CBM on all other cpus in cpu_mask. */
        smp_call_function_many(cpu_mask, rdt_ctrl_update, &msr_param, 1);
        put_cpu();

        free_cpumask_var(cpu_mask);

        return 0;
}

static bool is_closid_match(struct task_struct *t, struct rdtgroup *r)
{
        return (rdt_alloc_capable &&
                (r->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP) && (t->closid == r->closid));
}

static bool is_rmid_match(struct task_struct *t, struct rdtgroup *r)
{
        return (rdt_mon_capable &&
                (r->type == RDTMON_GROUP) && (t->rmid == r->mon.rmid));
}

/*
 * Move tasks from one to the other group. If @from is NULL, then all tasks
 * in the systems are moved unconditionally (used for teardown).
 *
 * If @mask is not NULL the cpus on which moved tasks are running are set
 * in that mask so the update smp function call is restricted to affected
 * cpus.
 */
static void rdt_move_group_tasks(struct rdtgroup *from, struct rdtgroup *to,
                                 struct cpumask *mask)
{
        struct task_struct *p, *t;

        read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
        for_each_process_thread(p, t) {
                if (!from || is_closid_match(t, from) ||
                    is_rmid_match(t, from)) {
                        t->closid = to->closid;
                        t->rmid = to->mon.rmid;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
                        /*
                         * This is safe on x86 w/o barriers as the ordering
                         * of writing to task_cpu() and t->on_cpu is
                         * reverse to the reading here. The detection is
                         * inaccurate as tasks might move or schedule
                         * before the smp function call takes place. In
                         * such a case the function call is pointless, but
                         * there is no other side effect.
                         */
                        if (mask && t->on_cpu)
                                cpumask_set_cpu(task_cpu(t), mask);
#endif
                }
        }
        read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}

static void free_all_child_rdtgrp(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
{
        struct rdtgroup *sentry, *stmp;
        struct list_head *head;

        head = &rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
        list_for_each_entry_safe(sentry, stmp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
                free_rmid(sentry->mon.rmid);
                list_del(&sentry->mon.crdtgrp_list);
                kfree(sentry);
        }
}

/*
 * Forcibly remove all of subdirectories under root.
 */
static void rmdir_all_sub(void)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, *tmp;

        /* Move all tasks to the default resource group */
        rdt_move_group_tasks(NULL, &rdtgroup_default, NULL);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(rdtgrp, tmp, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
                /* Free any child rmids */
                free_all_child_rdtgrp(rdtgrp);

                /* Remove each rdtgroup other than root */
                if (rdtgrp == &rdtgroup_default)
                        continue;

                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP ||
                    rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED)
                        rdtgroup_pseudo_lock_remove(rdtgrp);

                /*
                 * Give any CPUs back to the default group. We cannot copy
                 * cpu_online_mask because a CPU might have executed the
                 * offline callback already, but is still marked online.
                 */
                cpumask_or(&rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask,
                           &rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);

                free_rmid(rdtgrp->mon.rmid);

                kernfs_remove(rdtgrp->kn);
                list_del(&rdtgrp->rdtgroup_list);
                kfree(rdtgrp);
        }
        /* Notify online CPUs to update per cpu storage and PQR_ASSOC MSR */
        update_closid_rmid(cpu_online_mask, &rdtgroup_default);

        kernfs_remove(kn_info);
        kernfs_remove(kn_mongrp);
        kernfs_remove(kn_mondata);
}

static void rdt_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r;

        cpus_read_lock();
        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        set_mba_sc(false);

        /*Put everything back to default values. */
        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r)
                reset_all_ctrls(r);
        cdp_disable_all();
        rmdir_all_sub();
        rdt_pseudo_lock_release();
        rdtgroup_default.mode = RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE;
        static_branch_disable_cpuslocked(&rdt_alloc_enable_key);
        static_branch_disable_cpuslocked(&rdt_mon_enable_key);
        static_branch_disable_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);
        kernfs_kill_sb(sb);
        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
        cpus_read_unlock();
}

static struct file_system_type rdt_fs_type = {
        .name    = "resctrl",
        .mount   = rdt_mount,
        .kill_sb = rdt_kill_sb,
};

static int mon_addfile(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn, const char *name,
                       void *priv)
{
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        int ret = 0;

        kn = __kernfs_create_file(parent_kn, name, 0444,
                                  GLOBAL_ROOT_UID, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID, 0,
                                  &kf_mondata_ops, priv, NULL, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(kn))
                return PTR_ERR(kn);

        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
        if (ret) {
                kernfs_remove(kn);
                return ret;
        }

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Remove all subdirectories of mon_data of ctrl_mon groups
 * and monitor groups with given domain id.
 */
void rmdir_mondata_subdir_allrdtgrp(struct rdt_resource *r, unsigned int dom_id)
{
        struct rdtgroup *prgrp, *crgrp;
        char name[32];

        if (!r->mon_enabled)
                return;

        list_for_each_entry(prgrp, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
                sprintf(name, "mon_%s_%02d", r->name, dom_id);
                kernfs_remove_by_name(prgrp->mon.mon_data_kn, name);

                list_for_each_entry(crgrp, &prgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list, mon.crdtgrp_list)
                        kernfs_remove_by_name(crgrp->mon.mon_data_kn, name);
        }
}

static int mkdir_mondata_subdir(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                                struct rdt_domain *d,
                                struct rdt_resource *r, struct rdtgroup *prgrp)
{
        union mon_data_bits priv;
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        struct mon_evt *mevt;
        struct rmid_read rr;
        char name[32];
        int ret;

        sprintf(name, "mon_%s_%02d", r->name, d->id);
        /* create the directory */
        kn = kernfs_create_dir(parent_kn, name, parent_kn->mode, prgrp);
        if (IS_ERR(kn))
                return PTR_ERR(kn);

        /*
         * This extra ref will be put in kernfs_remove() and guarantees
         * that kn is always accessible.
         */
        kernfs_get(kn);
        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
        if (ret)
                goto out_destroy;

        if (WARN_ON(list_empty(&r->evt_list))) {
                ret = -EPERM;
                goto out_destroy;
        }

        priv.u.rid = r->rid;
        priv.u.domid = d->id;
        list_for_each_entry(mevt, &r->evt_list, list) {
                priv.u.evtid = mevt->evtid;
                ret = mon_addfile(kn, mevt->name, priv.priv);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_destroy;

                if (is_mbm_event(mevt->evtid))
                        mon_event_read(&rr, d, prgrp, mevt->evtid, true);
        }
        kernfs_activate(kn);
        return 0;

out_destroy:
        kernfs_remove(kn);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Add all subdirectories of mon_data for "ctrl_mon" groups
 * and "monitor" groups with given domain id.
 */
void mkdir_mondata_subdir_allrdtgrp(struct rdt_resource *r,
                                    struct rdt_domain *d)
{
        struct kernfs_node *parent_kn;
        struct rdtgroup *prgrp, *crgrp;
        struct list_head *head;

        if (!r->mon_enabled)
                return;

        list_for_each_entry(prgrp, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
                parent_kn = prgrp->mon.mon_data_kn;
                mkdir_mondata_subdir(parent_kn, d, r, prgrp);

                head = &prgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
                list_for_each_entry(crgrp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
                        parent_kn = crgrp->mon.mon_data_kn;
                        mkdir_mondata_subdir(parent_kn, d, r, crgrp);
                }
        }
}

static int mkdir_mondata_subdir_alldom(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                                       struct rdt_resource *r,
                                       struct rdtgroup *prgrp)
{
        struct rdt_domain *dom;
        int ret;

        list_for_each_entry(dom, &r->domains, list) {
                ret = mkdir_mondata_subdir(parent_kn, dom, r, prgrp);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * This creates a directory mon_data which contains the monitored data.
 *
 * mon_data has one directory for each domain whic are named
 * in the format mon_<domain_name>_<domain_id>. For ex: A mon_data
 * with L3 domain looks as below:
 * ./mon_data:
 * mon_L3_00
 * mon_L3_01
 * mon_L3_02
 * ...
 *
 * Each domain directory has one file per event:
 * ./mon_L3_00/:
 * llc_occupancy
 *
 */
static int mkdir_mondata_all(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                             struct rdtgroup *prgrp,
                             struct kernfs_node **dest_kn)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        int ret;

        /*
         * Create the mon_data directory first.
         */
        ret = mongroup_create_dir(parent_kn, NULL, "mon_data", &kn);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (dest_kn)
                *dest_kn = kn;

        /*
         * Create the subdirectories for each domain. Note that all events
         * in a domain like L3 are grouped into a resource whose domain is L3
         */
        for_each_mon_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                ret = mkdir_mondata_subdir_alldom(kn, r, prgrp);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_destroy;
        }

        return 0;

out_destroy:
        kernfs_remove(kn);
        return ret;
}

/**
 * cbm_ensure_valid - Enforce validity on provided CBM
 * @_val:       Candidate CBM
 * @r:          RDT resource to which the CBM belongs
 *
 * The provided CBM represents all cache portions available for use. This
 * may be represented by a bitmap that does not consist of contiguous ones
 * and thus be an invalid CBM.
 * Here the provided CBM is forced to be a valid CBM by only considering
 * the first set of contiguous bits as valid and clearing all bits.
 * The intention here is to provide a valid default CBM with which a new
 * resource group is initialized. The user can follow this with a
 * modification to the CBM if the default does not satisfy the
 * requirements.
 */
static void cbm_ensure_valid(u32 *_val, struct rdt_resource *r)
{
        /*
         * Convert the u32 _val to an unsigned long required by all the bit
         * operations within this function. No more than 32 bits of this
         * converted value can be accessed because all bit operations are
         * additionally provided with cbm_len that is initialized during
         * hardware enumeration using five bits from the EAX register and
         * thus never can exceed 32 bits.
         */
        unsigned long *val = (unsigned long *)_val;
        unsigned int cbm_len = r->cache.cbm_len;
        unsigned long first_bit, zero_bit;

        if (*val == 0)
                return;

        first_bit = find_first_bit(val, cbm_len);
        zero_bit = find_next_zero_bit(val, cbm_len, first_bit);

        /* Clear any remaining bits to ensure contiguous region */
        bitmap_clear(val, zero_bit, cbm_len - zero_bit);
}

/**
 * rdtgroup_init_alloc - Initialize the new RDT group's allocations
 *
 * A new RDT group is being created on an allocation capable (CAT)
 * supporting system. Set this group up to start off with all usable
 * allocations. That is, all shareable and unused bits.
 *
 * All-zero CBM is invalid. If there are no more shareable bits available
 * on any domain then the entire allocation will fail.
 */
static int rdtgroup_init_alloc(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
{
        struct rdt_resource *r_cdp = NULL;
        struct rdt_domain *d_cdp = NULL;
        u32 used_b = 0, unused_b = 0;
        u32 closid = rdtgrp->closid;
        struct rdt_resource *r;
        unsigned long tmp_cbm;
        enum rdtgrp_mode mode;
        struct rdt_domain *d;
        u32 peer_ctl, *ctrl;
        int i, ret;

        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                /*
                 * Only initialize default allocations for CBM cache
                 * resources
                 */
                if (r->rid == RDT_RESOURCE_MBA)
                        continue;
                list_for_each_entry(d, &r->domains, list) {
                        rdt_cdp_peer_get(r, d, &r_cdp, &d_cdp);
                        d->have_new_ctrl = false;
                        d->new_ctrl = r->cache.shareable_bits;
                        used_b = r->cache.shareable_bits;
                        ctrl = d->ctrl_val;
                        for (i = 0; i < closids_supported(); i++, ctrl++) {
                                if (closid_allocated(i) && i != closid) {
                                        mode = rdtgroup_mode_by_closid(i);
                                        if (mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP)
                                                break;
                                        /*
                                         * If CDP is active include peer
                                         * domain's usage to ensure there
                                         * is no overlap with an exclusive
                                         * group.
                                         */
                                        if (d_cdp)
                                                peer_ctl = d_cdp->ctrl_val[i];
                                        else
                                                peer_ctl = 0;
                                        used_b |= *ctrl | peer_ctl;
                                        if (mode == RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE)
                                                d->new_ctrl |= *ctrl | peer_ctl;
                                }
                        }
                        if (d->plr && d->plr->cbm > 0)
                                used_b |= d->plr->cbm;
                        unused_b = used_b ^ (BIT_MASK(r->cache.cbm_len) - 1);
                        unused_b &= BIT_MASK(r->cache.cbm_len) - 1;
                        d->new_ctrl |= unused_b;
                        /*
                         * Force the initial CBM to be valid, user can
                         * modify the CBM based on system availability.
                         */
                        cbm_ensure_valid(&d->new_ctrl, r);
                        /*
                         * Assign the u32 CBM to an unsigned long to ensure
                         * that bitmap_weight() does not access out-of-bound
                         * memory.
                         */
                        tmp_cbm = d->new_ctrl;
                        if (bitmap_weight(&tmp_cbm, r->cache.cbm_len) <
                            r->cache.min_cbm_bits) {
                                rdt_last_cmd_printf("no space on %s:%d\n",
                                                    r->name, d->id);
                                return -ENOSPC;
                        }
                        d->have_new_ctrl = true;
                }
        }

        for_each_alloc_enabled_rdt_resource(r) {
                /*
                 * Only initialize default allocations for CBM cache
                 * resources
                 */
                if (r->rid == RDT_RESOURCE_MBA)
                        continue;
                ret = update_domains(r, rdtgrp->closid);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("failed to initialize allocations\n");
                        return ret;
                }
                rdtgrp->mode = RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int mkdir_rdt_prepare(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                             struct kernfs_node *prgrp_kn,
                             const char *name, umode_t mode,
                             enum rdt_group_type rtype, struct rdtgroup **r)
{
        struct rdtgroup *prdtgrp, *rdtgrp;
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        uint files = 0;
        int ret;

        prdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(prgrp_kn);
        rdt_last_cmd_clear();
        if (!prdtgrp) {
                ret = -ENODEV;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("directory was removed\n");
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        if (rtype == RDTMON_GROUP &&
            (prdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP ||
             prdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED)) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("pseudo-locking in progress\n");
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        /* allocate the rdtgroup. */
        rdtgrp = kzalloc(sizeof(*rdtgrp), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                ret = -ENOSPC;
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernel out of memory\n");
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        *r = rdtgrp;
        rdtgrp->mon.parent = prdtgrp;
        rdtgrp->type = rtype;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list);

        /* kernfs creates the directory for rdtgrp */
        kn = kernfs_create_dir(parent_kn, name, mode, rdtgrp);
        if (IS_ERR(kn)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(kn);
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernfs create error\n");
                goto out_free_rgrp;
        }
        rdtgrp->kn = kn;

        /*
         * kernfs_remove() will drop the reference count on "kn" which
         * will free it. But we still need it to stick around for the
         * rdtgroup_kn_unlock(kn} call below. Take one extra reference
         * here, which will be dropped inside rdtgroup_kn_unlock().
         */
        kernfs_get(kn);

        ret = rdtgroup_kn_set_ugid(kn);
        if (ret) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernfs perm error\n");
                goto out_destroy;
        }

        files = RFTYPE_BASE | BIT(RF_CTRLSHIFT + rtype);
        ret = rdtgroup_add_files(kn, files);
        if (ret) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernfs fill error\n");
                goto out_destroy;
        }

        if (rdt_mon_capable) {
                ret = alloc_rmid();
                if (ret < 0) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("out of RMIDs\n");
                        goto out_destroy;
                }
                rdtgrp->mon.rmid = ret;

                ret = mkdir_mondata_all(kn, rdtgrp, &rdtgrp->mon.mon_data_kn);
                if (ret) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernfs subdir error\n");
                        goto out_idfree;
                }
        }
        kernfs_activate(kn);

        /*
         * The caller unlocks the prgrp_kn upon success.
         */
        return 0;

out_idfree:
        free_rmid(rdtgrp->mon.rmid);
out_destroy:
        kernfs_remove(rdtgrp->kn);
out_free_rgrp:
        kfree(rdtgrp);
out_unlock:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(prgrp_kn);
        return ret;
}

static void mkdir_rdt_prepare_clean(struct rdtgroup *rgrp)
{
        kernfs_remove(rgrp->kn);
        free_rmid(rgrp->mon.rmid);
        kfree(rgrp);
}

/*
 * Create a monitor group under "mon_groups" directory of a control
 * and monitor group(ctrl_mon). This is a resource group
 * to monitor a subset of tasks and cpus in its parent ctrl_mon group.
 */
static int rdtgroup_mkdir_mon(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                              struct kernfs_node *prgrp_kn,
                              const char *name,
                              umode_t mode)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, *prgrp;
        int ret;

        ret = mkdir_rdt_prepare(parent_kn, prgrp_kn, name, mode, RDTMON_GROUP,
                                &rdtgrp);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        prgrp = rdtgrp->mon.parent;
        rdtgrp->closid = prgrp->closid;

        /*
         * Add the rdtgrp to the list of rdtgrps the parent
         * ctrl_mon group has to track.
         */
        list_add_tail(&rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list, &prgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list);

        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(prgrp_kn);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * These are rdtgroups created under the root directory. Can be used
 * to allocate and monitor resources.
 */
static int rdtgroup_mkdir_ctrl_mon(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn,
                                   struct kernfs_node *prgrp_kn,
                                   const char *name, umode_t mode)
{
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        struct kernfs_node *kn;
        u32 closid;
        int ret;

        ret = mkdir_rdt_prepare(parent_kn, prgrp_kn, name, mode, RDTCTRL_GROUP,
                                &rdtgrp);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        kn = rdtgrp->kn;
        ret = closid_alloc();
        if (ret < 0) {
                rdt_last_cmd_puts("out of CLOSIDs\n");
                goto out_common_fail;
        }
        closid = ret;
        ret = 0;

        rdtgrp->closid = closid;
        ret = rdtgroup_init_alloc(rdtgrp);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out_id_free;

        list_add(&rdtgrp->rdtgroup_list, &rdt_all_groups);

        if (rdt_mon_capable) {
                /*
                 * Create an empty mon_groups directory to hold the subset
                 * of tasks and cpus to monitor.
                 */
                ret = mongroup_create_dir(kn, NULL, "mon_groups", NULL);
                if (ret) {
                        rdt_last_cmd_puts("kernfs subdir error\n");
                        goto out_del_list;
                }
        }

        goto out_unlock;

out_del_list:
        list_del(&rdtgrp->rdtgroup_list);
out_id_free:
        closid_free(closid);
out_common_fail:
        mkdir_rdt_prepare_clean(rdtgrp);
out_unlock:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(prgrp_kn);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * We allow creating mon groups only with in a directory called "mon_groups"
 * which is present in every ctrl_mon group. Check if this is a valid
 * "mon_groups" directory.
 *
 * 1. The directory should be named "mon_groups".
 * 2. The mon group itself should "not" be named "mon_groups".
 *   This makes sure "mon_groups" directory always has a ctrl_mon group
 *   as parent.
 */
static bool is_mon_groups(struct kernfs_node *kn, const char *name)
{
        return (!strcmp(kn->name, "mon_groups") &&
                strcmp(name, "mon_groups"));
}

static int rdtgroup_mkdir(struct kernfs_node *parent_kn, const char *name,
                          umode_t mode)
{
        /* Do not accept '\n' to avoid unparsable situation. */
        if (strchr(name, '\n'))
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * If the parent directory is the root directory and RDT
         * allocation is supported, add a control and monitoring
         * subdirectory
         */
        if (rdt_alloc_capable && parent_kn == rdtgroup_default.kn)
                return rdtgroup_mkdir_ctrl_mon(parent_kn, parent_kn, name, mode);

        /*
         * If RDT monitoring is supported and the parent directory is a valid
         * "mon_groups" directory, add a monitoring subdirectory.
         */
        if (rdt_mon_capable && is_mon_groups(parent_kn, name))
                return rdtgroup_mkdir_mon(parent_kn, parent_kn->parent, name, mode);

        return -EPERM;
}

static int rdtgroup_rmdir_mon(struct kernfs_node *kn, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp,
                              cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
{
        struct rdtgroup *prdtgrp = rdtgrp->mon.parent;
        int cpu;

        /* Give any tasks back to the parent group */
        rdt_move_group_tasks(rdtgrp, prdtgrp, tmpmask);

        /* Update per cpu rmid of the moved CPUs first */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask)
                per_cpu(pqr_state.default_rmid, cpu) = prdtgrp->mon.rmid;
        /*
         * Update the MSR on moved CPUs and CPUs which have moved
         * task running on them.
         */
        cpumask_or(tmpmask, tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
        update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, NULL);

        rdtgrp->flags = RDT_DELETED;
        free_rmid(rdtgrp->mon.rmid);

        /*
         * Remove the rdtgrp from the parent ctrl_mon group's list
         */
        WARN_ON(list_empty(&prdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list));
        list_del(&rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list);

        /*
         * one extra hold on this, will drop when we kfree(rdtgrp)
         * in rdtgroup_kn_unlock()
         */
        kernfs_get(kn);
        kernfs_remove(rdtgrp->kn);

        return 0;
}

static int rdtgroup_ctrl_remove(struct kernfs_node *kn,
                                struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
{
        rdtgrp->flags = RDT_DELETED;
        list_del(&rdtgrp->rdtgroup_list);

        /*
         * one extra hold on this, will drop when we kfree(rdtgrp)
         * in rdtgroup_kn_unlock()
         */
        kernfs_get(kn);
        kernfs_remove(rdtgrp->kn);
        return 0;
}

static int rdtgroup_rmdir_ctrl(struct kernfs_node *kn, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp,
                               cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
{
        int cpu;

        /* Give any tasks back to the default group */
        rdt_move_group_tasks(rdtgrp, &rdtgroup_default, tmpmask);

        /* Give any CPUs back to the default group */
        cpumask_or(&rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask,
                   &rdtgroup_default.cpu_mask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);

        /* Update per cpu closid and rmid of the moved CPUs first */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask) {
                per_cpu(pqr_state.default_closid, cpu) = rdtgroup_default.closid;
                per_cpu(pqr_state.default_rmid, cpu) = rdtgroup_default.mon.rmid;
        }

        /*
         * Update the MSR on moved CPUs and CPUs which have moved
         * task running on them.
         */
        cpumask_or(tmpmask, tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
        update_closid_rmid(tmpmask, NULL);

        closid_free(rdtgrp->closid);
        free_rmid(rdtgrp->mon.rmid);

        /*
         * Free all the child monitor group rmids.
         */
        free_all_child_rdtgrp(rdtgrp);

        rdtgroup_ctrl_remove(kn, rdtgrp);

        return 0;
}

static int rdtgroup_rmdir(struct kernfs_node *kn)
{
        struct kernfs_node *parent_kn = kn->parent;
        struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
        cpumask_var_t tmpmask;
        int ret = 0;

        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&tmpmask, GFP_KERNEL))
                return -ENOMEM;

        rdtgrp = rdtgroup_kn_lock_live(kn);
        if (!rdtgrp) {
                ret = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * If the rdtgroup is a ctrl_mon group and parent directory
         * is the root directory, remove the ctrl_mon group.
         *
         * If the rdtgroup is a mon group and parent directory
         * is a valid "mon_groups" directory, remove the mon group.
         */
        if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP && parent_kn == rdtgroup_default.kn) {
                if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKSETUP ||
                    rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED) {
                        ret = rdtgroup_ctrl_remove(kn, rdtgrp);
                } else {
                        ret = rdtgroup_rmdir_ctrl(kn, rdtgrp, tmpmask);
                }
        } else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP &&
                 is_mon_groups(parent_kn, kn->name)) {
                ret = rdtgroup_rmdir_mon(kn, rdtgrp, tmpmask);
        } else {
                ret = -EPERM;
        }

out:
        rdtgroup_kn_unlock(kn);
        free_cpumask_var(tmpmask);
        return ret;
}

static int rdtgroup_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct kernfs_root *kf)
{
        if (rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L3DATA].alloc_enabled)
                seq_puts(seq, ",cdp");

        if (rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_L2DATA].alloc_enabled)
                seq_puts(seq, ",cdpl2");

        if (is_mba_sc(&rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_MBA]))
                seq_puts(seq, ",mba_MBps");

        return 0;
}

static struct kernfs_syscall_ops rdtgroup_kf_syscall_ops = {
        .mkdir          = rdtgroup_mkdir,
        .rmdir          = rdtgroup_rmdir,
        .show_options   = rdtgroup_show_options,
};

static int __init rdtgroup_setup_root(void)
{
        int ret;

        rdt_root = kernfs_create_root(&rdtgroup_kf_syscall_ops,
                                      KERNFS_ROOT_CREATE_DEACTIVATED |
                                      KERNFS_ROOT_EXTRA_OPEN_PERM_CHECK,
                                      &rdtgroup_default);
        if (IS_ERR(rdt_root))
                return PTR_ERR(rdt_root);

        mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        rdtgroup_default.closid = 0;
        rdtgroup_default.mon.rmid = 0;
        rdtgroup_default.type = RDTCTRL_GROUP;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdtgroup_default.mon.crdtgrp_list);

        list_add(&rdtgroup_default.rdtgroup_list, &rdt_all_groups);

        ret = rdtgroup_add_files(rdt_root->kn, RF_CTRL_BASE);
        if (ret) {
                kernfs_destroy_root(rdt_root);
                goto out;
        }

        rdtgroup_default.kn = rdt_root->kn;
        kernfs_activate(rdtgroup_default.kn);

out:
        mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * rdtgroup_init - rdtgroup initialization
 *
 * Setup resctrl file system including set up root, create mount point,
 * register rdtgroup filesystem, and initialize files under root directory.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success or -errno
 */
int __init rdtgroup_init(void)
{
        int ret = 0;

        seq_buf_init(&last_cmd_status, last_cmd_status_buf,
                     sizeof(last_cmd_status_buf));

        ret = rdtgroup_setup_root();
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = sysfs_create_mount_point(fs_kobj, "resctrl");
        if (ret)
                goto cleanup_root;

        ret = register_filesystem(&rdt_fs_type);
        if (ret)
                goto cleanup_mountpoint;

        /*
         * Adding the resctrl debugfs directory here may not be ideal since
         * it would let the resctrl debugfs directory appear on the debugfs
         * filesystem before the resctrl filesystem is mounted.
         * It may also be ok since that would enable debugging of RDT before
         * resctrl is mounted.
         * The reason why the debugfs directory is created here and not in
         * rdt_mount() is because rdt_mount() takes rdtgroup_mutex and
         * during the debugfs directory creation also &sb->s_type->i_mutex_key
         * (the lockdep class of inode->i_rwsem). Other filesystem
         * interactions (eg. SyS_getdents) have the lock ordering:
         * &sb->s_type->i_mutex_key --> &mm->mmap_sem
         * During mmap(), called with &mm->mmap_sem, the rdtgroup_mutex
         * is taken, thus creating dependency:
         * &mm->mmap_sem --> rdtgroup_mutex for the latter that can cause
         * issues considering the other two lock dependencies.
         * By creating the debugfs directory here we avoid a dependency
         * that may cause deadlock (even though file operations cannot
         * occur until the filesystem is mounted, but I do not know how to
         * tell lockdep that).
         */
        debugfs_resctrl = debugfs_create_dir("resctrl", NULL);

        return 0;

cleanup_mountpoint:
        sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "resctrl");
cleanup_root:
        kernfs_destroy_root(rdt_root);

        return ret;
}

void __exit rdtgroup_exit(void)
{
        debugfs_remove_recursive(debugfs_resctrl);
        unregister_filesystem(&rdt_fs_type);
        sysfs_remove_mount_point(fs_kobj, "resctrl");
        kernfs_destroy_root(rdt_root);
}