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1 /*
2  * SRF04: ultrasonic sensor for distance measuring by using GPIOs
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2017 Andreas Klinger <[email protected]>
5  *
6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8  * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9  * (at your option) any later version.
10  *
11  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14  * GNU General Public License for more details.
15  *
16  * For details about the device see:
17  * http://www.robot-electronics.co.uk/htm/srf04tech.htm
18  *
19  * the measurement cycle as timing diagram looks like:
20  *
21  *          +---+
22  * GPIO     |   |
23  * trig:  --+   +------------------------------------------------------
24  *          ^   ^
25  *          |<->|
26  *         udelay(trigger_pulse_us)
27  *
28  * ultra           +-+ +-+ +-+
29  * sonic           | | | | | |
30  * burst: ---------+ +-+ +-+ +-----------------------------------------
31  *                           .
32  * ultra                     .              +-+ +-+ +-+
33  * sonic                     .              | | | | | |
34  * echo:  ----------------------------------+ +-+ +-+ +----------------
35  *                           .                        .
36  *                           +------------------------+
37  * GPIO                      |                        |
38  * echo:  -------------------+                        +---------------
39  *                           ^                        ^
40  *                           interrupt                interrupt
41  *                           (ts_rising)              (ts_falling)
42  *                           |<---------------------->|
43  *                              pulse time measured
44  *                              --> one round trip of ultra sonic waves
45  */
46 #include <linux/err.h>
47 #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
48 #include <linux/kernel.h>
49 #include <linux/module.h>
50 #include <linux/of.h>
51 #include <linux/of_device.h>
52 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
53 #include <linux/property.h>
54 #include <linux/sched.h>
55 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
56 #include <linux/delay.h>
57 #include <linux/iio/iio.h>
58 #include <linux/iio/sysfs.h>
59
60 struct srf04_cfg {
61         unsigned long trigger_pulse_us;
62 };
63
64 struct srf04_data {
65         struct device           *dev;
66         struct gpio_desc        *gpiod_trig;
67         struct gpio_desc        *gpiod_echo;
68         struct mutex            lock;
69         int                     irqnr;
70         ktime_t                 ts_rising;
71         ktime_t                 ts_falling;
72         struct completion       rising;
73         struct completion       falling;
74         const struct srf04_cfg  *cfg;
75 };
76
77 static const struct srf04_cfg srf04_cfg = {
78         .trigger_pulse_us = 10,
79 };
80
81 static const struct srf04_cfg mb_lv_cfg = {
82         .trigger_pulse_us = 20,
83 };
84
85 static irqreturn_t srf04_handle_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
86 {
87         struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_id;
88         struct srf04_data *data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
89         ktime_t now = ktime_get();
90
91         if (gpiod_get_value(data->gpiod_echo)) {
92                 data->ts_rising = now;
93                 complete(&data->rising);
94         } else {
95                 data->ts_falling = now;
96                 complete(&data->falling);
97         }
98
99         return IRQ_HANDLED;
100 }
101
102 static int srf04_read(struct srf04_data *data)
103 {
104         int ret;
105         ktime_t ktime_dt;
106         u64 dt_ns;
107         u32 time_ns, distance_mm;
108
109         /*
110          * just one read-echo-cycle can take place at a time
111          * ==> lock against concurrent reading calls
112          */
113         mutex_lock(&data->lock);
114
115         reinit_completion(&data->rising);
116         reinit_completion(&data->falling);
117
118         gpiod_set_value(data->gpiod_trig, 1);
119         udelay(data->cfg->trigger_pulse_us);
120         gpiod_set_value(data->gpiod_trig, 0);
121
122         /* it cannot take more than 20 ms */
123         ret = wait_for_completion_killable_timeout(&data->rising, HZ/50);
124         if (ret < 0) {
125                 mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
126                 return ret;
127         } else if (ret == 0) {
128                 mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
129                 return -ETIMEDOUT;
130         }
131
132         ret = wait_for_completion_killable_timeout(&data->falling, HZ/50);
133         if (ret < 0) {
134                 mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
135                 return ret;
136         } else if (ret == 0) {
137                 mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
138                 return -ETIMEDOUT;
139         }
140
141         ktime_dt = ktime_sub(data->ts_falling, data->ts_rising);
142
143         mutex_unlock(&data->lock);
144
145         dt_ns = ktime_to_ns(ktime_dt);
146         /*
147          * measuring more than 3 meters is beyond the capabilities of
148          * the sensor
149          * ==> filter out invalid results for not measuring echos of
150          *     another us sensor
151          *
152          * formula:
153          *         distance       3 m
154          * time = ---------- = --------- = 9404389 ns
155          *          speed       319 m/s
156          *
157          * using a minimum speed at -20 °C of 319 m/s
158          */
159         if (dt_ns > 9404389)
160                 return -EIO;
161
162         time_ns = dt_ns;
163
164         /*
165          * the speed as function of the temperature is approximately:
166          *
167          * speed = 331,5 + 0,6 * Temp
168          *   with Temp in °C
169          *   and speed in m/s
170          *
171          * use 343 m/s as ultrasonic speed at 20 °C here in absence of the
172          * temperature
173          *
174          * therefore:
175          *             time     343
176          * distance = ------ * -----
177          *             10^6       2
178          *   with time in ns
179          *   and distance in mm (one way)
180          *
181          * because we limit to 3 meters the multiplication with 343 just
182          * fits into 32 bit
183          */
184         distance_mm = time_ns * 343 / 2000000;
185
186         return distance_mm;
187 }
188
189 static int srf04_read_raw(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
190                             struct iio_chan_spec const *channel, int *val,
191                             int *val2, long info)
192 {
193         struct srf04_data *data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
194         int ret;
195
196         if (channel->type != IIO_DISTANCE)
197                 return -EINVAL;
198
199         switch (info) {
200         case IIO_CHAN_INFO_RAW:
201                 ret = srf04_read(data);
202                 if (ret < 0)
203                         return ret;
204                 *val = ret;
205                 return IIO_VAL_INT;
206         case IIO_CHAN_INFO_SCALE:
207                 /*
208                  * theoretical maximum resolution is 3 mm
209                  * 1 LSB is 1 mm
210                  */
211                 *val = 0;
212                 *val2 = 1000;
213                 return IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_MICRO;
214         default:
215                 return -EINVAL;
216         }
217 }
218
219 static const struct iio_info srf04_iio_info = {
220         .read_raw               = srf04_read_raw,
221 };
222
223 static const struct iio_chan_spec srf04_chan_spec[] = {
224         {
225                 .type = IIO_DISTANCE,
226                 .info_mask_separate =
227                                 BIT(IIO_CHAN_INFO_RAW) |
228                                 BIT(IIO_CHAN_INFO_SCALE),
229         },
230 };
231
232 static const struct of_device_id of_srf04_match[] = {
233         { .compatible = "devantech,srf04", .data = &srf04_cfg},
234         { .compatible = "maxbotix,mb1000", .data = &mb_lv_cfg},
235         { .compatible = "maxbotix,mb1010", .data = &mb_lv_cfg},
236         { .compatible = "maxbotix,mb1020", .data = &mb_lv_cfg},
237         { .compatible = "maxbotix,mb1030", .data = &mb_lv_cfg},
238         { .compatible = "maxbotix,mb1040", .data = &mb_lv_cfg},
239         {},
240 };
241
242 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, of_srf04_match);
243
244 static int srf04_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
245 {
246         struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
247         struct srf04_data *data;
248         struct iio_dev *indio_dev;
249         int ret;
250
251         indio_dev = devm_iio_device_alloc(dev, sizeof(struct srf04_data));
252         if (!indio_dev) {
253                 dev_err(dev, "failed to allocate IIO device\n");
254                 return -ENOMEM;
255         }
256
257         data = iio_priv(indio_dev);
258         data->dev = dev;
259         data->cfg = of_match_device(of_srf04_match, dev)->data;
260
261         mutex_init(&data->lock);
262         init_completion(&data->rising);
263         init_completion(&data->falling);
264
265         data->gpiod_trig = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "trig", GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
266         if (IS_ERR(data->gpiod_trig)) {
267                 dev_err(dev, "failed to get trig-gpios: err=%ld\n",
268                                         PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_trig));
269                 return PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_trig);
270         }
271
272         data->gpiod_echo = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "echo", GPIOD_IN);
273         if (IS_ERR(data->gpiod_echo)) {
274                 dev_err(dev, "failed to get echo-gpios: err=%ld\n",
275                                         PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_echo));
276                 return PTR_ERR(data->gpiod_echo);
277         }
278
279         if (gpiod_cansleep(data->gpiod_echo)) {
280                 dev_err(data->dev, "cansleep-GPIOs not supported\n");
281                 return -ENODEV;
282         }
283
284         data->irqnr = gpiod_to_irq(data->gpiod_echo);
285         if (data->irqnr < 0) {
286                 dev_err(data->dev, "gpiod_to_irq: %d\n", data->irqnr);
287                 return data->irqnr;
288         }
289
290         ret = devm_request_irq(dev, data->irqnr, srf04_handle_irq,
291                         IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING,
292                         pdev->name, indio_dev);
293         if (ret < 0) {
294                 dev_err(data->dev, "request_irq: %d\n", ret);
295                 return ret;
296         }
297
298         platform_set_drvdata(pdev, indio_dev);
299
300         indio_dev->name = "srf04";
301         indio_dev->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
302         indio_dev->info = &srf04_iio_info;
303         indio_dev->modes = INDIO_DIRECT_MODE;
304         indio_dev->channels = srf04_chan_spec;
305         indio_dev->num_channels = ARRAY_SIZE(srf04_chan_spec);
306
307         return devm_iio_device_register(dev, indio_dev);
308 }
309
310 static struct platform_driver srf04_driver = {
311         .probe          = srf04_probe,
312         .driver         = {
313                 .name           = "srf04-gpio",
314                 .of_match_table = of_srf04_match,
315         },
316 };
317
318 module_platform_driver(srf04_driver);
319
320 MODULE_AUTHOR("Andreas Klinger <[email protected]>");
321 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SRF04 ultrasonic sensor for distance measuring using GPIOs");
322 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
323 MODULE_ALIAS("platform:srf04");
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