2 * PCA953x 4/8/16/24/40 bit I/O ports
5 * Copyright (C) 2007 Marvell International Ltd.
7 * Derived from drivers/i2c/chips/pca9539.c
9 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
10 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
11 * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/gpio.h>
17 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
18 #include <linux/i2c.h>
19 #include <linux/platform_data/pca953x.h>
20 #include <linux/slab.h>
21 #include <linux/of_platform.h>
22 #include <linux/acpi.h>
24 #define PCA953X_INPUT 0
25 #define PCA953X_OUTPUT 1
26 #define PCA953X_INVERT 2
27 #define PCA953X_DIRECTION 3
29 #define REG_ADDR_AI 0x80
32 #define PCA957X_INVRT 1
33 #define PCA957X_BKEN 2
34 #define PCA957X_PUPD 3
38 #define PCA957X_INTS 7
40 #define PCA_GPIO_MASK 0x00FF
41 #define PCA_INT 0x0100
42 #define PCA953X_TYPE 0x1000
43 #define PCA957X_TYPE 0x2000
44 #define PCA_TYPE_MASK 0xF000
46 #define PCA_CHIP_TYPE(x) ((x) & PCA_TYPE_MASK)
48 static const struct i2c_device_id pca953x_id[] = {
49 { "pca9505", 40 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
50 { "pca9534", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
51 { "pca9535", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
52 { "pca9536", 4 | PCA953X_TYPE, },
53 { "pca9537", 4 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
54 { "pca9538", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
55 { "pca9539", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
56 { "pca9554", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
57 { "pca9555", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
58 { "pca9556", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE, },
59 { "pca9557", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE, },
60 { "pca9574", 8 | PCA957X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
61 { "pca9575", 16 | PCA957X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
62 { "pca9698", 40 | PCA953X_TYPE, },
64 { "max7310", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE, },
65 { "max7312", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
66 { "max7313", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
67 { "max7315", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
68 { "pca6107", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
69 { "tca6408", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
70 { "tca6416", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
71 { "tca6424", 24 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
72 { "tca9539", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
73 { "xra1202", 8 | PCA953X_TYPE },
76 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, pca953x_id);
78 static const struct acpi_device_id pca953x_acpi_ids[] = {
79 { "INT3491", 16 | PCA953X_TYPE | PCA_INT, },
82 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, pca953x_acpi_ids);
87 #define NBANK(chip) (chip->gpio_chip.ngpio / BANK_SZ)
91 u8 reg_output[MAX_BANK];
92 u8 reg_direction[MAX_BANK];
93 struct mutex i2c_lock;
95 #ifdef CONFIG_GPIO_PCA953X_IRQ
96 struct mutex irq_lock;
97 u8 irq_mask[MAX_BANK];
98 u8 irq_stat[MAX_BANK];
99 u8 irq_trig_raise[MAX_BANK];
100 u8 irq_trig_fall[MAX_BANK];
103 struct i2c_client *client;
104 struct gpio_chip gpio_chip;
105 const char *const *names;
107 unsigned long driver_data;
110 static int pca953x_read_single(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int reg, u32 *val,
114 int bank_shift = fls((chip->gpio_chip.ngpio - 1) / BANK_SZ);
115 int offset = off / BANK_SZ;
117 ret = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(chip->client,
118 (reg << bank_shift) + offset);
122 dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "failed reading register\n");
129 static int pca953x_write_single(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int reg, u32 val,
133 int bank_shift = fls((chip->gpio_chip.ngpio - 1) / BANK_SZ);
134 int offset = off / BANK_SZ;
136 ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(chip->client,
137 (reg << bank_shift) + offset, val);
140 dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "failed writing register\n");
147 static int pca953x_write_regs(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int reg, u8 *val)
151 if (chip->gpio_chip.ngpio <= 8)
152 ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(chip->client, reg, *val);
153 else if (chip->gpio_chip.ngpio >= 24) {
154 int bank_shift = fls((chip->gpio_chip.ngpio - 1) / BANK_SZ);
155 ret = i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(chip->client,
156 (reg << bank_shift) | REG_ADDR_AI,
159 switch (chip->chip_type) {
161 ret = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(chip->client,
162 reg << 1, (u16) *val);
165 ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(chip->client, reg << 1,
169 ret = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(chip->client,
177 dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "failed writing register\n");
184 static int pca953x_read_regs(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int reg, u8 *val)
188 if (chip->gpio_chip.ngpio <= 8) {
189 ret = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(chip->client, reg);
191 } else if (chip->gpio_chip.ngpio >= 24) {
192 int bank_shift = fls((chip->gpio_chip.ngpio - 1) / BANK_SZ);
194 ret = i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(chip->client,
195 (reg << bank_shift) | REG_ADDR_AI,
198 ret = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(chip->client, reg << 1);
199 val[0] = (u16)ret & 0xFF;
200 val[1] = (u16)ret >> 8;
203 dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "failed reading register\n");
210 static int pca953x_gpio_direction_input(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned off)
212 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
216 mutex_lock(&chip->i2c_lock);
217 reg_val = chip->reg_direction[off / BANK_SZ] | (1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
219 switch (chip->chip_type) {
221 offset = PCA953X_DIRECTION;
224 offset = PCA957X_CFG;
227 ret = pca953x_write_single(chip, offset, reg_val, off);
231 chip->reg_direction[off / BANK_SZ] = reg_val;
234 mutex_unlock(&chip->i2c_lock);
238 static int pca953x_gpio_direction_output(struct gpio_chip *gc,
239 unsigned off, int val)
241 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
245 mutex_lock(&chip->i2c_lock);
246 /* set output level */
248 reg_val = chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ]
249 | (1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
251 reg_val = chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ]
252 & ~(1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
254 switch (chip->chip_type) {
256 offset = PCA953X_OUTPUT;
259 offset = PCA957X_OUT;
262 ret = pca953x_write_single(chip, offset, reg_val, off);
266 chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ] = reg_val;
269 reg_val = chip->reg_direction[off / BANK_SZ] & ~(1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
270 switch (chip->chip_type) {
272 offset = PCA953X_DIRECTION;
275 offset = PCA957X_CFG;
278 ret = pca953x_write_single(chip, offset, reg_val, off);
282 chip->reg_direction[off / BANK_SZ] = reg_val;
285 mutex_unlock(&chip->i2c_lock);
289 static int pca953x_gpio_get_value(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned off)
291 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
295 mutex_lock(&chip->i2c_lock);
296 switch (chip->chip_type) {
298 offset = PCA953X_INPUT;
304 ret = pca953x_read_single(chip, offset, ®_val, off);
305 mutex_unlock(&chip->i2c_lock);
307 /* NOTE: diagnostic already emitted; that's all we should
308 * do unless gpio_*_value_cansleep() calls become different
309 * from their nonsleeping siblings (and report faults).
314 return (reg_val & (1u << (off % BANK_SZ))) ? 1 : 0;
317 static void pca953x_gpio_set_value(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned off, int val)
319 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
323 mutex_lock(&chip->i2c_lock);
325 reg_val = chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ]
326 | (1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
328 reg_val = chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ]
329 & ~(1u << (off % BANK_SZ));
331 switch (chip->chip_type) {
333 offset = PCA953X_OUTPUT;
336 offset = PCA957X_OUT;
339 ret = pca953x_write_single(chip, offset, reg_val, off);
343 chip->reg_output[off / BANK_SZ] = reg_val;
345 mutex_unlock(&chip->i2c_lock);
349 static void pca953x_gpio_set_multiple(struct gpio_chip *gc,
350 unsigned long *mask, unsigned long *bits)
352 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
353 u8 reg_val[MAX_BANK];
355 int bank_shift = fls((chip->gpio_chip.ngpio - 1) / BANK_SZ);
358 switch (chip->chip_type) {
360 offset = PCA953X_OUTPUT;
363 offset = PCA957X_OUT;
367 memcpy(reg_val, chip->reg_output, NBANK(chip));
368 mutex_lock(&chip->i2c_lock);
369 for(bank=0; bank<NBANK(chip); bank++) {
370 unsigned bankmask = mask[bank / sizeof(*mask)] >>
371 ((bank % sizeof(*mask)) * 8);
373 unsigned bankval = bits[bank / sizeof(*bits)] >>
374 ((bank % sizeof(*bits)) * 8);
375 reg_val[bank] = (reg_val[bank] & ~bankmask) | bankval;
378 ret = i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(chip->client, offset << bank_shift, NBANK(chip), reg_val);
382 memcpy(chip->reg_output, reg_val, NBANK(chip));
384 mutex_unlock(&chip->i2c_lock);
387 static void pca953x_setup_gpio(struct pca953x_chip *chip, int gpios)
389 struct gpio_chip *gc;
391 gc = &chip->gpio_chip;
393 gc->direction_input = pca953x_gpio_direction_input;
394 gc->direction_output = pca953x_gpio_direction_output;
395 gc->get = pca953x_gpio_get_value;
396 gc->set = pca953x_gpio_set_value;
397 gc->set_multiple = pca953x_gpio_set_multiple;
398 gc->can_sleep = true;
400 gc->base = chip->gpio_start;
402 gc->label = chip->client->name;
403 gc->parent = &chip->client->dev;
404 gc->owner = THIS_MODULE;
405 gc->names = chip->names;
408 #ifdef CONFIG_GPIO_PCA953X_IRQ
409 static void pca953x_irq_mask(struct irq_data *d)
411 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
412 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
414 chip->irq_mask[d->hwirq / BANK_SZ] &= ~(1 << (d->hwirq % BANK_SZ));
417 static void pca953x_irq_unmask(struct irq_data *d)
419 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
420 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
422 chip->irq_mask[d->hwirq / BANK_SZ] |= 1 << (d->hwirq % BANK_SZ);
425 static void pca953x_irq_bus_lock(struct irq_data *d)
427 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
428 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
430 mutex_lock(&chip->irq_lock);
433 static void pca953x_irq_bus_sync_unlock(struct irq_data *d)
435 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
436 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
440 /* Look for any newly setup interrupt */
441 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++) {
442 new_irqs = chip->irq_trig_fall[i] | chip->irq_trig_raise[i];
443 new_irqs &= ~chip->reg_direction[i];
446 level = __ffs(new_irqs);
447 pca953x_gpio_direction_input(&chip->gpio_chip,
448 level + (BANK_SZ * i));
449 new_irqs &= ~(1 << level);
453 mutex_unlock(&chip->irq_lock);
456 static int pca953x_irq_set_type(struct irq_data *d, unsigned int type)
458 struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
459 struct pca953x_chip *chip = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
460 int bank_nb = d->hwirq / BANK_SZ;
461 u8 mask = 1 << (d->hwirq % BANK_SZ);
463 if (!(type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH)) {
464 dev_err(&chip->client->dev, "irq %d: unsupported type %d\n",
469 if (type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING)
470 chip->irq_trig_fall[bank_nb] |= mask;
472 chip->irq_trig_fall[bank_nb] &= ~mask;
474 if (type & IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING)
475 chip->irq_trig_raise[bank_nb] |= mask;
477 chip->irq_trig_raise[bank_nb] &= ~mask;
482 static struct irq_chip pca953x_irq_chip = {
484 .irq_mask = pca953x_irq_mask,
485 .irq_unmask = pca953x_irq_unmask,
486 .irq_bus_lock = pca953x_irq_bus_lock,
487 .irq_bus_sync_unlock = pca953x_irq_bus_sync_unlock,
488 .irq_set_type = pca953x_irq_set_type,
491 static bool pca953x_irq_pending(struct pca953x_chip *chip, u8 *pending)
493 u8 cur_stat[MAX_BANK];
494 u8 old_stat[MAX_BANK];
495 bool pending_seen = false;
496 bool trigger_seen = false;
497 u8 trigger[MAX_BANK];
498 int ret, i, offset = 0;
500 switch (chip->chip_type) {
502 offset = PCA953X_INPUT;
508 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, offset, cur_stat);
512 /* Remove output pins from the equation */
513 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++)
514 cur_stat[i] &= chip->reg_direction[i];
516 memcpy(old_stat, chip->irq_stat, NBANK(chip));
518 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++) {
519 trigger[i] = (cur_stat[i] ^ old_stat[i]) & chip->irq_mask[i];
527 memcpy(chip->irq_stat, cur_stat, NBANK(chip));
529 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++) {
530 pending[i] = (old_stat[i] & chip->irq_trig_fall[i]) |
531 (cur_stat[i] & chip->irq_trig_raise[i]);
532 pending[i] &= trigger[i];
540 static irqreturn_t pca953x_irq_handler(int irq, void *devid)
542 struct pca953x_chip *chip = devid;
543 u8 pending[MAX_BANK];
545 unsigned nhandled = 0;
548 if (!pca953x_irq_pending(chip, pending))
551 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++) {
553 level = __ffs(pending[i]);
554 handle_nested_irq(irq_find_mapping(chip->gpio_chip.irqdomain,
555 level + (BANK_SZ * i)));
556 pending[i] &= ~(1 << level);
561 return (nhandled > 0) ? IRQ_HANDLED : IRQ_NONE;
564 static int pca953x_irq_setup(struct pca953x_chip *chip,
567 struct i2c_client *client = chip->client;
568 int ret, i, offset = 0;
570 if (client->irq && irq_base != -1
571 && (chip->driver_data & PCA_INT)) {
573 switch (chip->chip_type) {
575 offset = PCA953X_INPUT;
581 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, offset, chip->irq_stat);
586 * There is no way to know which GPIO line generated the
587 * interrupt. We have to rely on the previous read for
590 for (i = 0; i < NBANK(chip); i++)
591 chip->irq_stat[i] &= chip->reg_direction[i];
592 mutex_init(&chip->irq_lock);
594 ret = devm_request_threaded_irq(&client->dev,
598 IRQF_TRIGGER_LOW | IRQF_ONESHOT |
600 dev_name(&client->dev), chip);
602 dev_err(&client->dev, "failed to request irq %d\n",
607 ret = gpiochip_irqchip_add(&chip->gpio_chip,
613 dev_err(&client->dev,
614 "could not connect irqchip to gpiochip\n");
618 gpiochip_set_chained_irqchip(&chip->gpio_chip,
626 #else /* CONFIG_GPIO_PCA953X_IRQ */
627 static int pca953x_irq_setup(struct pca953x_chip *chip,
630 struct i2c_client *client = chip->client;
632 if (irq_base != -1 && (chip->driver_data & PCA_INT))
633 dev_warn(&client->dev, "interrupt support not compiled in\n");
639 static int device_pca953x_init(struct pca953x_chip *chip, u32 invert)
644 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, PCA953X_OUTPUT, chip->reg_output);
648 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, PCA953X_DIRECTION,
649 chip->reg_direction);
653 /* set platform specific polarity inversion */
655 memset(val, 0xFF, NBANK(chip));
657 memset(val, 0, NBANK(chip));
659 ret = pca953x_write_regs(chip, PCA953X_INVERT, val);
664 static int device_pca957x_init(struct pca953x_chip *chip, u32 invert)
669 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, PCA957X_OUT, chip->reg_output);
672 ret = pca953x_read_regs(chip, PCA957X_CFG, chip->reg_direction);
676 /* set platform specific polarity inversion */
678 memset(val, 0xFF, NBANK(chip));
680 memset(val, 0, NBANK(chip));
681 ret = pca953x_write_regs(chip, PCA957X_INVRT, val);
685 /* To enable register 6, 7 to control pull up and pull down */
686 memset(val, 0x02, NBANK(chip));
687 ret = pca953x_write_regs(chip, PCA957X_BKEN, val);
696 static const struct of_device_id pca953x_dt_ids[];
698 static int pca953x_probe(struct i2c_client *client,
699 const struct i2c_device_id *id)
701 struct pca953x_platform_data *pdata;
702 struct pca953x_chip *chip;
707 chip = devm_kzalloc(&client->dev,
708 sizeof(struct pca953x_chip), GFP_KERNEL);
712 pdata = dev_get_platdata(&client->dev);
714 irq_base = pdata->irq_base;
715 chip->gpio_start = pdata->gpio_base;
716 invert = pdata->invert;
717 chip->names = pdata->names;
719 chip->gpio_start = -1;
723 chip->client = client;
726 chip->driver_data = id->driver_data;
728 const struct acpi_device_id *id;
729 const struct of_device_id *match;
731 match = of_match_device(pca953x_dt_ids, &client->dev);
733 chip->driver_data = (int)(uintptr_t)match->data;
735 id = acpi_match_device(pca953x_acpi_ids, &client->dev);
739 chip->driver_data = id->driver_data;
743 chip->chip_type = PCA_CHIP_TYPE(chip->driver_data);
745 mutex_init(&chip->i2c_lock);
747 /* initialize cached registers from their original values.
748 * we can't share this chip with another i2c master.
750 pca953x_setup_gpio(chip, chip->driver_data & PCA_GPIO_MASK);
752 if (chip->chip_type == PCA953X_TYPE)
753 ret = device_pca953x_init(chip, invert);
755 ret = device_pca957x_init(chip, invert);
759 ret = devm_gpiochip_add_data(&client->dev, &chip->gpio_chip, chip);
763 ret = pca953x_irq_setup(chip, irq_base);
767 if (pdata && pdata->setup) {
768 ret = pdata->setup(client, chip->gpio_chip.base,
769 chip->gpio_chip.ngpio, pdata->context);
771 dev_warn(&client->dev, "setup failed, %d\n", ret);
774 i2c_set_clientdata(client, chip);
778 static int pca953x_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
780 struct pca953x_platform_data *pdata = dev_get_platdata(&client->dev);
781 struct pca953x_chip *chip = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
784 if (pdata && pdata->teardown) {
785 ret = pdata->teardown(client, chip->gpio_chip.base,
786 chip->gpio_chip.ngpio, pdata->context);
788 dev_err(&client->dev, "%s failed, %d\n",
797 /* convenience to stop overlong match-table lines */
798 #define OF_953X(__nrgpio, __int) (void *)(__nrgpio | PCA953X_TYPE | __int)
799 #define OF_957X(__nrgpio, __int) (void *)(__nrgpio | PCA957X_TYPE | __int)
801 static const struct of_device_id pca953x_dt_ids[] = {
802 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9505", .data = OF_953X(40, PCA_INT), },
803 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9534", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
804 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9535", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
805 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9536", .data = OF_953X( 4, 0), },
806 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9537", .data = OF_953X( 4, PCA_INT), },
807 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9538", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
808 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9539", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
809 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9554", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
810 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9555", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
811 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9556", .data = OF_953X( 8, 0), },
812 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9557", .data = OF_953X( 8, 0), },
813 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9574", .data = OF_957X( 8, PCA_INT), },
814 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9575", .data = OF_957X(16, PCA_INT), },
815 { .compatible = "nxp,pca9698", .data = OF_953X(40, 0), },
817 { .compatible = "maxim,max7310", .data = OF_953X( 8, 0), },
818 { .compatible = "maxim,max7312", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
819 { .compatible = "maxim,max7313", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
820 { .compatible = "maxim,max7315", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
822 { .compatible = "ti,pca6107", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
823 { .compatible = "ti,tca6408", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
824 { .compatible = "ti,tca6416", .data = OF_953X(16, PCA_INT), },
825 { .compatible = "ti,tca6424", .data = OF_953X(24, PCA_INT), },
827 { .compatible = "onsemi,pca9654", .data = OF_953X( 8, PCA_INT), },
829 { .compatible = "exar,xra1202", .data = OF_953X( 8, 0), },
833 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, pca953x_dt_ids);
835 static struct i2c_driver pca953x_driver = {
838 .of_match_table = pca953x_dt_ids,
839 .acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(pca953x_acpi_ids),
841 .probe = pca953x_probe,
842 .remove = pca953x_remove,
843 .id_table = pca953x_id,
846 static int __init pca953x_init(void)
848 return i2c_add_driver(&pca953x_driver);
850 /* register after i2c postcore initcall and before
851 * subsys initcalls that may rely on these GPIOs
853 subsys_initcall(pca953x_init);
855 static void __exit pca953x_exit(void)
857 i2c_del_driver(&pca953x_driver);
859 module_exit(pca953x_exit);
862 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO expander driver for PCA953x");
863 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");