2 * Intel CPU Microcode Update Driver for Linux
7 * This driver allows to upgrade microcode on Intel processors
8 * belonging to IA-32 family - PentiumPro, Pentium II,
9 * Pentium III, Xeon, Pentium 4, etc.
11 * Reference: Section 8.11 of Volume 3a, IA-32 Intel? Architecture
12 * Software Developer's Manual
13 * Order Number 253668 or free download from:
15 * http://developer.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253668.pdf
17 * For more information, go to http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode
19 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
20 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
21 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
22 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
27 * Added read() support + cleanups.
29 * Added 'device trimming' support. open(O_WRONLY) zeroes
30 * and frees the saved copy of applied microcode.
32 * Made to use devfs (/dev/cpu/microcode) + cleanups.
34 * Added misc device support (now uses both devfs and misc).
35 * Added MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl to clear memory.
37 * Messages for error cases (non Intel & no suitable microcode).
39 * Removed ->release(). Removed exclusive open and status bitmap.
40 * Added microcode_rwsem to serialize read()/write()/ioctl().
41 * Removed global kernel lock usage.
43 * Write 0 to 0x8B msr and then cpuid before reading revision,
44 * so that it works even if there were no update done by the
45 * BIOS. Otherwise, reading from 0x8B gives junk (which happened
46 * to be 0 on my machine which is why it worked even when I
47 * disabled update by the BIOS)
51 * Intel Pentium 4 processor support and bugfixes.
53 * Bugfix for HT (Hyper-Threading) enabled processors
54 * whereby processor resources are shared by all logical processors
55 * in a single CPU package.
58 * Serialize updates as required on HT processors due to
59 * speculative nature of implementation.
61 * Fix the panic when writing zero-length microcode chunk.
64 * Support for the microcode updates in the new format.
66 * Removed ->read() method and obsoleted MICROCODE_IOCFREE ioctl
67 * because we no longer hold a copy of applied microcode
70 * Fix sigmatch() macro to handle old CPUs with pf == 0.
71 * Thanks to Stuart Swales for pointing out this bug.
74 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
76 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
77 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
78 #include <linux/capability.h>
79 #include <linux/kernel.h>
80 #include <linux/module.h>
81 #include <linux/mutex.h>
82 #include <linux/cpu.h>
86 #include <asm/microcode.h>
87 #include <asm/processor.h>
89 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Microcode Update Driver");
91 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
93 #define MICROCODE_VERSION "2.00"
95 static struct microcode_ops *microcode_ops;
100 * All non cpu-hotplug-callback call sites use:
102 * - microcode_mutex to synchronize with each other;
103 * - get/put_online_cpus() to synchronize with
104 * the cpu-hotplug-callback call sites.
106 * We guarantee that only a single cpu is being
107 * updated at any particular moment of time.
109 static DEFINE_MUTEX(microcode_mutex);
111 struct ucode_cpu_info ucode_cpu_info[NR_CPUS];
112 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ucode_cpu_info);
115 * Operations that are run on a target cpu:
118 struct cpu_info_ctx {
119 struct cpu_signature *cpu_sig;
123 static void collect_cpu_info_local(void *arg)
125 struct cpu_info_ctx *ctx = arg;
127 ctx->err = microcode_ops->collect_cpu_info(smp_processor_id(),
131 static int collect_cpu_info_on_target(int cpu, struct cpu_signature *cpu_sig)
133 struct cpu_info_ctx ctx = { .cpu_sig = cpu_sig, .err = 0 };
136 ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, collect_cpu_info_local, &ctx, 1);
143 static int collect_cpu_info(int cpu)
145 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
148 memset(uci, 0, sizeof(*uci));
150 ret = collect_cpu_info_on_target(cpu, &uci->cpu_sig);
157 struct apply_microcode_ctx {
161 static void apply_microcode_local(void *arg)
163 struct apply_microcode_ctx *ctx = arg;
165 ctx->err = microcode_ops->apply_microcode(smp_processor_id());
168 static int apply_microcode_on_target(int cpu)
170 struct apply_microcode_ctx ctx = { .err = 0 };
173 ret = smp_call_function_single(cpu, apply_microcode_local, &ctx, 1);
180 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE_OLD_INTERFACE
181 static int do_microcode_update(const void __user *buf, size_t size)
186 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
187 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
188 enum ucode_state ustate;
193 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_user(cpu, buf, size);
194 if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR) {
197 } else if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
198 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
204 static int microcode_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
206 return capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO) ? nonseekable_open(inode, file) : -EPERM;
209 static ssize_t microcode_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
210 size_t len, loff_t *ppos)
212 ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
214 if ((len >> PAGE_SHIFT) > totalram_pages) {
215 pr_err("too much data (max %ld pages)\n", totalram_pages);
220 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
222 if (do_microcode_update(buf, len) == 0)
225 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
231 static const struct file_operations microcode_fops = {
232 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
233 .write = microcode_write,
234 .open = microcode_open,
238 static struct miscdevice microcode_dev = {
239 .minor = MICROCODE_MINOR,
241 .nodename = "cpu/microcode",
242 .fops = µcode_fops,
245 static int __init microcode_dev_init(void)
249 error = misc_register(µcode_dev);
251 pr_err("can't misc_register on minor=%d\n", MICROCODE_MINOR);
258 static void microcode_dev_exit(void)
260 misc_deregister(µcode_dev);
263 MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(MICROCODE_MINOR);
264 MODULE_ALIAS("devname:cpu/microcode");
266 #define microcode_dev_init() 0
267 #define microcode_dev_exit() do { } while (0)
270 /* fake device for request_firmware */
271 static struct platform_device *microcode_pdev;
273 static int reload_for_cpu(int cpu)
275 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
278 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
280 enum ucode_state ustate;
282 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, µcode_pdev->dev);
283 if (ustate == UCODE_OK)
284 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
286 if (ustate == UCODE_ERROR)
289 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
294 static ssize_t reload_store(struct sys_device *dev,
295 struct sysdev_attribute *attr,
296 const char *buf, size_t size)
303 val = simple_strtoul(buf, &end, 0);
310 ret = reload_for_cpu(cpu);
320 static ssize_t version_show(struct sys_device *dev,
321 struct sysdev_attribute *attr, char *buf)
323 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
325 return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.rev);
328 static ssize_t pf_show(struct sys_device *dev,
329 struct sysdev_attribute *attr, char *buf)
331 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + dev->id;
333 return sprintf(buf, "0x%x\n", uci->cpu_sig.pf);
336 static SYSDEV_ATTR(reload, 0200, NULL, reload_store);
337 static SYSDEV_ATTR(version, 0400, version_show, NULL);
338 static SYSDEV_ATTR(processor_flags, 0400, pf_show, NULL);
340 static struct attribute *mc_default_attrs[] = {
343 &attr_processor_flags.attr,
347 static struct attribute_group mc_attr_group = {
348 .attrs = mc_default_attrs,
352 static void microcode_fini_cpu(int cpu)
354 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
356 microcode_ops->microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
360 static enum ucode_state microcode_resume_cpu(int cpu)
362 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
367 pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon resume\n", cpu);
368 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
373 static enum ucode_state microcode_init_cpu(int cpu)
375 enum ucode_state ustate;
377 if (collect_cpu_info(cpu))
380 /* --dimm. Trigger a delayed update? */
381 if (system_state != SYSTEM_RUNNING)
384 ustate = microcode_ops->request_microcode_fw(cpu, µcode_pdev->dev);
386 if (ustate == UCODE_OK) {
387 pr_debug("CPU%d updated upon init\n", cpu);
388 apply_microcode_on_target(cpu);
394 static enum ucode_state microcode_update_cpu(int cpu)
396 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
397 enum ucode_state ustate;
400 ustate = microcode_resume_cpu(cpu);
402 ustate = microcode_init_cpu(cpu);
407 static int mc_sysdev_add(struct sys_device *sys_dev)
409 int err, cpu = sys_dev->id;
411 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
414 pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
416 err = sysfs_create_group(&sys_dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
420 if (microcode_init_cpu(cpu) == UCODE_ERROR)
426 static int mc_sysdev_remove(struct sys_device *sys_dev)
428 int cpu = sys_dev->id;
430 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
433 pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
434 microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
435 sysfs_remove_group(&sys_dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
439 static int mc_sysdev_resume(struct sys_device *dev)
442 struct ucode_cpu_info *uci = ucode_cpu_info + cpu;
444 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
448 * All non-bootup cpus are still disabled,
449 * so only CPU 0 will apply ucode here.
451 * Moreover, there can be no concurrent
452 * updates from any other places at this point.
456 if (uci->valid && uci->mc)
457 microcode_ops->apply_microcode(cpu);
462 static struct sysdev_driver mc_sysdev_driver = {
463 .add = mc_sysdev_add,
464 .remove = mc_sysdev_remove,
465 .resume = mc_sysdev_resume,
469 mc_cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
471 unsigned int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
472 struct sys_device *sys_dev;
474 sys_dev = get_cpu_sysdev(cpu);
477 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
478 microcode_update_cpu(cpu);
479 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
480 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
481 pr_debug("CPU%d added\n", cpu);
482 if (sysfs_create_group(&sys_dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group))
483 pr_err("Failed to create group for CPU%d\n", cpu);
485 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
486 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
487 /* Suspend is in progress, only remove the interface */
488 sysfs_remove_group(&sys_dev->kobj, &mc_attr_group);
489 pr_debug("CPU%d removed\n", cpu);
492 case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
493 /* The CPU refused to come up during a system resume */
494 microcode_fini_cpu(cpu);
500 static struct notifier_block __refdata mc_cpu_notifier = {
501 .notifier_call = mc_cpu_callback,
504 static int __init microcode_init(void)
506 struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &cpu_data(0);
509 if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
510 microcode_ops = init_intel_microcode();
511 else if (c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
512 microcode_ops = init_amd_microcode();
514 if (!microcode_ops) {
515 pr_err("no support for this CPU vendor\n");
519 microcode_pdev = platform_device_register_simple("microcode", -1,
521 if (IS_ERR(microcode_pdev)) {
522 microcode_dev_exit();
523 return PTR_ERR(microcode_pdev);
527 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
529 error = sysdev_driver_register(&cpu_sysdev_class, &mc_sysdev_driver);
531 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
535 platform_device_unregister(microcode_pdev);
539 error = microcode_dev_init();
543 register_hotcpu_notifier(&mc_cpu_notifier);
545 pr_info("Microcode Update Driver: v" MICROCODE_VERSION
550 module_init(microcode_init);
552 static void __exit microcode_exit(void)
554 microcode_dev_exit();
556 unregister_hotcpu_notifier(&mc_cpu_notifier);
559 mutex_lock(µcode_mutex);
561 sysdev_driver_unregister(&cpu_sysdev_class, &mc_sysdev_driver);
563 mutex_unlock(µcode_mutex);
566 platform_device_unregister(microcode_pdev);
568 microcode_ops = NULL;
570 pr_info("Microcode Update Driver: v" MICROCODE_VERSION " removed.\n");
572 module_exit(microcode_exit);