3 Debugfs exists as a simple way for kernel developers to make information
4 available to user space. Unlike /proc, which is only meant for information
5 about a process, or sysfs, which has strict one-value-per-file rules,
6 debugfs has no rules at all. Developers can put any information they want
7 there. The debugfs filesystem is also intended to not serve as a stable
8 ABI to user space; in theory, there are no stability constraints placed on
9 files exported there. The real world is not always so simple, though [1];
10 even debugfs interfaces are best designed with the idea that they will need
11 to be maintained forever.
13 Debugfs is typically mounted with a command like:
15 mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
17 (Or an equivalent /etc/fstab line).
18 The debugfs root directory is accessible only to the root user by
19 default. To change access to the tree the "uid", "gid" and "mode" mount
22 Note that the debugfs API is exported GPL-only to modules.
24 Code using debugfs should include <linux/debugfs.h>. Then, the first order
25 of business will be to create at least one directory to hold a set of
28 struct dentry *debugfs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent);
30 This call, if successful, will make a directory called name underneath the
31 indicated parent directory. If parent is NULL, the directory will be
32 created in the debugfs root. On success, the return value is a struct
33 dentry pointer which can be used to create files in the directory (and to
34 clean it up at the end). An ERR_PTR(-ERROR) return value indicates that
35 something went wrong. If ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) is returned, that is an
36 indication that the kernel has been built without debugfs support and none
37 of the functions described below will work.
39 The most general way to create a file within a debugfs directory is with:
41 struct dentry *debugfs_create_file(const char *name, umode_t mode,
42 struct dentry *parent, void *data,
43 const struct file_operations *fops);
45 Here, name is the name of the file to create, mode describes the access
46 permissions the file should have, parent indicates the directory which
47 should hold the file, data will be stored in the i_private field of the
48 resulting inode structure, and fops is a set of file operations which
49 implement the file's behavior. At a minimum, the read() and/or write()
50 operations should be provided; others can be included as needed. Again,
51 the return value will be a dentry pointer to the created file,
52 ERR_PTR(-ERROR) on error, or ERR_PTR(-ENODEV) if debugfs support is
55 Create a file with an initial size, the following function can be used
58 struct dentry *debugfs_create_file_size(const char *name, umode_t mode,
59 struct dentry *parent, void *data,
60 const struct file_operations *fops,
63 file_size is the initial file size. The other parameters are the same
64 as the function debugfs_create_file.
66 In a number of cases, the creation of a set of file operations is not
67 actually necessary; the debugfs code provides a number of helper functions
68 for simple situations. Files containing a single integer value can be
71 void debugfs_create_u8(const char *name, umode_t mode,
72 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
73 void debugfs_create_u16(const char *name, umode_t mode,
74 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
75 struct dentry *debugfs_create_u32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
76 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
77 void debugfs_create_u64(const char *name, umode_t mode,
78 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
80 These files support both reading and writing the given value; if a specific
81 file should not be written to, simply set the mode bits accordingly. The
82 values in these files are in decimal; if hexadecimal is more appropriate,
83 the following functions can be used instead:
85 void debugfs_create_x8(const char *name, umode_t mode,
86 struct dentry *parent, u8 *value);
87 void debugfs_create_x16(const char *name, umode_t mode,
88 struct dentry *parent, u16 *value);
89 void debugfs_create_x32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
90 struct dentry *parent, u32 *value);
91 void debugfs_create_x64(const char *name, umode_t mode,
92 struct dentry *parent, u64 *value);
94 These functions are useful as long as the developer knows the size of the
95 value to be exported. Some types can have different widths on different
96 architectures, though, complicating the situation somewhat. There are
97 functions meant to help out in such special cases:
99 void debugfs_create_size_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
100 struct dentry *parent, size_t *value);
102 As might be expected, this function will create a debugfs file to represent
103 a variable of type size_t.
105 Similarly, there are helpers for variables of type unsigned long, in decimal
108 struct dentry *debugfs_create_ulong(const char *name, umode_t mode,
109 struct dentry *parent,
110 unsigned long *value);
111 void debugfs_create_xul(const char *name, umode_t mode,
112 struct dentry *parent, unsigned long *value);
114 Boolean values can be placed in debugfs with:
116 struct dentry *debugfs_create_bool(const char *name, umode_t mode,
117 struct dentry *parent, bool *value);
119 A read on the resulting file will yield either Y (for non-zero values) or
120 N, followed by a newline. If written to, it will accept either upper- or
121 lower-case values, or 1 or 0. Any other input will be silently ignored.
123 Also, atomic_t values can be placed in debugfs with:
125 void debugfs_create_atomic_t(const char *name, umode_t mode,
126 struct dentry *parent, atomic_t *value)
128 A read of this file will get atomic_t values, and a write of this file
129 will set atomic_t values.
131 Another option is exporting a block of arbitrary binary data, with
132 this structure and function:
134 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper {
139 struct dentry *debugfs_create_blob(const char *name, umode_t mode,
140 struct dentry *parent,
141 struct debugfs_blob_wrapper *blob);
143 A read of this file will return the data pointed to by the
144 debugfs_blob_wrapper structure. Some drivers use "blobs" as a simple way
145 to return several lines of (static) formatted text output. This function
146 can be used to export binary information, but there does not appear to be
147 any code which does so in the mainline. Note that all files created with
148 debugfs_create_blob() are read-only.
150 If you want to dump a block of registers (something that happens quite
151 often during development, even if little such code reaches mainline.
152 Debugfs offers two functions: one to make a registers-only file, and
153 another to insert a register block in the middle of another sequential
156 struct debugfs_reg32 {
158 unsigned long offset;
161 struct debugfs_regset32 {
162 struct debugfs_reg32 *regs;
167 struct dentry *debugfs_create_regset32(const char *name, umode_t mode,
168 struct dentry *parent,
169 struct debugfs_regset32 *regset);
171 void debugfs_print_regs32(struct seq_file *s, struct debugfs_reg32 *regs,
172 int nregs, void __iomem *base, char *prefix);
174 The "base" argument may be 0, but you may want to build the reg32 array
175 using __stringify, and a number of register names (macros) are actually
176 byte offsets over a base for the register block.
178 If you want to dump an u32 array in debugfs, you can create file with:
180 void debugfs_create_u32_array(const char *name, umode_t mode,
181 struct dentry *parent,
182 u32 *array, u32 elements);
184 The "array" argument provides data, and the "elements" argument is
185 the number of elements in the array. Note: Once array is created its
186 size can not be changed.
188 There is a helper function to create device related seq_file:
190 struct dentry *debugfs_create_devm_seqfile(struct device *dev,
192 struct dentry *parent,
193 int (*read_fn)(struct seq_file *s,
196 The "dev" argument is the device related to this debugfs file, and
197 the "read_fn" is a function pointer which to be called to print the
200 There are a couple of other directory-oriented helper functions:
202 struct dentry *debugfs_rename(struct dentry *old_dir,
203 struct dentry *old_dentry,
204 struct dentry *new_dir,
205 const char *new_name);
207 struct dentry *debugfs_create_symlink(const char *name,
208 struct dentry *parent,
211 A call to debugfs_rename() will give a new name to an existing debugfs
212 file, possibly in a different directory. The new_name must not exist prior
213 to the call; the return value is old_dentry with updated information.
214 Symbolic links can be created with debugfs_create_symlink().
216 There is one important thing that all debugfs users must take into account:
217 there is no automatic cleanup of any directories created in debugfs. If a
218 module is unloaded without explicitly removing debugfs entries, the result
219 will be a lot of stale pointers and no end of highly antisocial behavior.
220 So all debugfs users - at least those which can be built as modules - must
221 be prepared to remove all files and directories they create there. A file
224 void debugfs_remove(struct dentry *dentry);
226 The dentry value can be NULL or an error value, in which case nothing will
229 Once upon a time, debugfs users were required to remember the dentry
230 pointer for every debugfs file they created so that all files could be
231 cleaned up. We live in more civilized times now, though, and debugfs users
234 void debugfs_remove_recursive(struct dentry *dentry);
236 If this function is passed a pointer for the dentry corresponding to the
237 top-level directory, the entire hierarchy below that directory will be
241 [1] http://lwn.net/Articles/309298/