2 * Architecture specific (i386/x86_64) functions for kexec based crash dumps.
6 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2004. All rights reserved.
7 * Copyright (C) Red Hat Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
13 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec: " fmt
15 #include <linux/types.h>
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/smp.h>
18 #include <linux/reboot.h>
19 #include <linux/kexec.h>
20 #include <linux/delay.h>
21 #include <linux/elf.h>
22 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/slab.h>
25 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
27 #include <asm/processor.h>
28 #include <asm/hardirq.h>
30 #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
32 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
34 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
36 #include <asm/reboot.h>
37 #include <asm/virtext.h>
39 /* Alignment required for elf header segment */
40 #define ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN 4096
42 /* This primarily represents number of split ranges due to exclusion */
43 #define CRASH_MAX_RANGES 16
45 struct crash_mem_range {
50 unsigned int nr_ranges;
51 struct crash_mem_range ranges[CRASH_MAX_RANGES];
54 /* Misc data about ram ranges needed to prepare elf headers */
55 struct crash_elf_data {
58 * Total number of ram ranges we have after various adjustments for
59 * GART, crash reserved region etc.
61 unsigned int max_nr_ranges;
62 unsigned long gart_start, gart_end;
64 /* Pointer to elf header */
66 /* Pointer to next phdr */
71 /* Used while preparing memory map entries for second kernel */
72 struct crash_memmap_data {
73 struct boot_params *params;
81 * This is used to VMCLEAR all VMCSs loaded on the
82 * processor. And when loading kvm_intel module, the
83 * callback function pointer will be assigned.
87 crash_vmclear_fn __rcu *crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss = NULL;
88 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss);
89 unsigned long crash_zero_bytes;
91 static inline void cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss(void)
93 crash_vmclear_fn *do_vmclear_operation = NULL;
96 do_vmclear_operation = rcu_dereference(crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss);
97 if (do_vmclear_operation)
98 do_vmclear_operation();
102 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC)
104 static void kdump_nmi_callback(int cpu, struct pt_regs *regs)
107 struct pt_regs fixed_regs;
109 if (!user_mode(regs)) {
110 crash_fixup_ss_esp(&fixed_regs, regs);
114 crash_save_cpu(regs, cpu);
117 * VMCLEAR VMCSs loaded on all cpus if needed.
119 cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss();
121 /* Disable VMX or SVM if needed.
123 * We need to disable virtualization on all CPUs.
124 * Having VMX or SVM enabled on any CPU may break rebooting
125 * after the kdump kernel has finished its task.
127 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
128 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
130 disable_local_APIC();
133 static void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
136 nmi_shootdown_cpus(kdump_nmi_callback);
138 disable_local_APIC();
142 static void kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus(void)
144 /* There are no cpus to shootdown */
148 void native_machine_crash_shutdown(struct pt_regs *regs)
150 /* This function is only called after the system
151 * has panicked or is otherwise in a critical state.
152 * The minimum amount of code to allow a kexec'd kernel
153 * to run successfully needs to happen here.
155 * In practice this means shooting down the other cpus in
158 /* The kernel is broken so disable interrupts */
161 kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus();
164 * VMCLEAR VMCSs loaded on this cpu if needed.
166 cpu_crash_vmclear_loaded_vmcss();
168 /* Booting kdump kernel with VMX or SVM enabled won't work,
169 * because (among other limitations) we can't disable paging
170 * with the virt flags.
172 cpu_emergency_vmxoff();
173 cpu_emergency_svm_disable();
175 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
176 /* Prevent crash_kexec() from deadlocking on ioapic_lock. */
181 #ifdef CONFIG_HPET_TIMER
184 crash_save_cpu(regs, safe_smp_processor_id());
187 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE
188 static int get_nr_ram_ranges_callback(unsigned long start_pfn,
189 unsigned long nr_pfn, void *arg)
191 int *nr_ranges = arg;
197 static int get_gart_ranges_callback(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg)
199 struct crash_elf_data *ced = arg;
201 ced->gart_start = start;
204 /* Not expecting more than 1 gart aperture */
209 /* Gather all the required information to prepare elf headers for ram regions */
210 static void fill_up_crash_elf_data(struct crash_elf_data *ced,
211 struct kimage *image)
213 unsigned int nr_ranges = 0;
217 walk_system_ram_range(0, -1, &nr_ranges,
218 get_nr_ram_ranges_callback);
220 ced->max_nr_ranges = nr_ranges;
223 * We don't create ELF headers for GART aperture as an attempt
224 * to dump this memory in second kernel leads to hang/crash.
225 * If gart aperture is present, one needs to exclude that region
226 * and that could lead to need of extra phdr.
228 walk_iomem_res("GART", IORESOURCE_MEM, 0, -1,
229 ced, get_gart_ranges_callback);
232 * If we have gart region, excluding that could potentially split
233 * a memory range, resulting in extra header. Account for that.
236 ced->max_nr_ranges++;
238 /* Exclusion of crash region could split memory ranges */
239 ced->max_nr_ranges++;
241 /* If crashk_low_res is not 0, another range split possible */
242 if (crashk_low_res.end)
243 ced->max_nr_ranges++;
246 static int exclude_mem_range(struct crash_mem *mem,
247 unsigned long long mstart, unsigned long long mend)
250 unsigned long long start, end;
251 struct crash_mem_range temp_range = {0, 0};
253 for (i = 0; i < mem->nr_ranges; i++) {
254 start = mem->ranges[i].start;
255 end = mem->ranges[i].end;
257 if (mstart > end || mend < start)
260 /* Truncate any area outside of range */
266 /* Found completely overlapping range */
267 if (mstart == start && mend == end) {
268 mem->ranges[i].start = 0;
269 mem->ranges[i].end = 0;
270 if (i < mem->nr_ranges - 1) {
271 /* Shift rest of the ranges to left */
272 for (j = i; j < mem->nr_ranges - 1; j++) {
273 mem->ranges[j].start =
274 mem->ranges[j+1].start;
276 mem->ranges[j+1].end;
283 if (mstart > start && mend < end) {
284 /* Split original range */
285 mem->ranges[i].end = mstart - 1;
286 temp_range.start = mend + 1;
287 temp_range.end = end;
288 } else if (mstart != start)
289 mem->ranges[i].end = mstart - 1;
291 mem->ranges[i].start = mend + 1;
295 /* If a split happend, add the split to array */
300 if (i == CRASH_MAX_RANGES - 1) {
301 pr_err("Too many crash ranges after split\n");
305 /* Location where new range should go */
307 if (j < mem->nr_ranges) {
308 /* Move over all ranges one slot towards the end */
309 for (i = mem->nr_ranges - 1; i >= j; i--)
310 mem->ranges[i + 1] = mem->ranges[i];
313 mem->ranges[j].start = temp_range.start;
314 mem->ranges[j].end = temp_range.end;
320 * Look for any unwanted ranges between mstart, mend and remove them. This
321 * might lead to split and split ranges are put in ced->mem.ranges[] array
323 static int elf_header_exclude_ranges(struct crash_elf_data *ced,
324 unsigned long long mstart, unsigned long long mend)
326 struct crash_mem *cmem = &ced->mem;
329 memset(cmem->ranges, 0, sizeof(cmem->ranges));
331 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
332 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
335 /* Exclude crashkernel region */
336 ret = exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_res.start, crashk_res.end);
340 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
341 ret = exclude_mem_range(cmem, crashk_low_res.start, crashk_low_res.end);
346 /* Exclude GART region */
348 ret = exclude_mem_range(cmem, ced->gart_start, ced->gart_end);
356 static int prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg)
358 struct crash_elf_data *ced = arg;
361 unsigned long mstart, mend;
362 struct kimage *image = ced->image;
363 struct crash_mem *cmem;
368 /* Exclude unwanted mem ranges */
369 ret = elf_header_exclude_ranges(ced, start, end);
373 /* Go through all the ranges in ced->mem.ranges[] and prepare phdr */
376 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
377 mstart = cmem->ranges[i].start;
378 mend = cmem->ranges[i].end;
381 ced->bufp += sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
383 phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD;
384 phdr->p_flags = PF_R|PF_W|PF_X;
385 phdr->p_offset = mstart;
388 * If a range matches backup region, adjust offset to backup
391 if (mstart == image->arch.backup_src_start &&
392 (mend - mstart + 1) == image->arch.backup_src_sz)
393 phdr->p_offset = image->arch.backup_load_addr;
395 phdr->p_paddr = mstart;
396 phdr->p_vaddr = (unsigned long long) __va(mstart);
397 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = mend - mstart + 1;
400 pr_debug("Crash PT_LOAD elf header. phdr=%p vaddr=0x%llx, paddr=0x%llx, sz=0x%llx e_phnum=%d p_offset=0x%llx\n",
401 phdr, phdr->p_vaddr, phdr->p_paddr, phdr->p_filesz,
402 ehdr->e_phnum, phdr->p_offset);
408 static int prepare_elf64_headers(struct crash_elf_data *ced,
409 void **addr, unsigned long *sz)
413 unsigned long nr_cpus = num_possible_cpus(), nr_phdr, elf_sz;
414 unsigned char *buf, *bufp;
416 unsigned long long notes_addr;
419 /* extra phdr for vmcoreinfo elf note */
420 nr_phdr = nr_cpus + 1;
421 nr_phdr += ced->max_nr_ranges;
424 * kexec-tools creates an extra PT_LOAD phdr for kernel text mapping
425 * area on x86_64 (ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000).
426 * I think this is required by tools like gdb. So same physical
427 * memory will be mapped in two elf headers. One will contain kernel
428 * text virtual addresses and other will have __va(physical) addresses.
432 elf_sz = sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr) + nr_phdr * sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
433 elf_sz = ALIGN(elf_sz, ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN);
435 buf = vzalloc(elf_sz);
440 ehdr = (Elf64_Ehdr *)bufp;
441 bufp += sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
442 memcpy(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
443 ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
444 ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
445 ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
446 ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELF_OSABI;
447 memset(ehdr->e_ident + EI_PAD, 0, EI_NIDENT - EI_PAD);
448 ehdr->e_type = ET_CORE;
449 ehdr->e_machine = ELF_ARCH;
450 ehdr->e_version = EV_CURRENT;
451 ehdr->e_phoff = sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
452 ehdr->e_ehsize = sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr);
453 ehdr->e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
455 /* Prepare one phdr of type PT_NOTE for each present cpu */
456 for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
457 phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)bufp;
458 bufp += sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
459 phdr->p_type = PT_NOTE;
460 notes_addr = per_cpu_ptr_to_phys(per_cpu_ptr(crash_notes, cpu));
461 phdr->p_offset = phdr->p_paddr = notes_addr;
462 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = sizeof(note_buf_t);
466 /* Prepare one PT_NOTE header for vmcoreinfo */
467 phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)bufp;
468 bufp += sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
469 phdr->p_type = PT_NOTE;
470 phdr->p_offset = phdr->p_paddr = paddr_vmcoreinfo_note();
471 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = sizeof(vmcoreinfo_note);
475 /* Prepare PT_LOAD type program header for kernel text region */
476 phdr = (Elf64_Phdr *)bufp;
477 bufp += sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
478 phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD;
479 phdr->p_flags = PF_R|PF_W|PF_X;
480 phdr->p_vaddr = (Elf64_Addr)_text;
481 phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = _end - _text;
482 phdr->p_offset = phdr->p_paddr = __pa_symbol(_text);
486 /* Prepare PT_LOAD headers for system ram chunks. */
489 ret = walk_system_ram_res(0, -1, ced,
490 prepare_elf64_ram_headers_callback);
499 /* Prepare elf headers. Return addr and size */
500 static int prepare_elf_headers(struct kimage *image, void **addr,
503 struct crash_elf_data *ced;
506 ced = kzalloc(sizeof(*ced), GFP_KERNEL);
510 fill_up_crash_elf_data(ced, image);
512 /* By default prepare 64bit headers */
513 ret = prepare_elf64_headers(ced, addr, sz);
518 static int add_e820_entry(struct boot_params *params, struct e820entry *entry)
520 unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
522 nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
523 if (nr_e820_entries >= E820MAX)
526 memcpy(¶ms->e820_map[nr_e820_entries], entry,
527 sizeof(struct e820entry));
528 params->e820_entries++;
532 static int memmap_entry_callback(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg)
534 struct crash_memmap_data *cmd = arg;
535 struct boot_params *params = cmd->params;
539 ei.size = end - start + 1;
541 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
546 static int memmap_exclude_ranges(struct kimage *image, struct crash_mem *cmem,
547 unsigned long long mstart,
548 unsigned long long mend)
550 unsigned long start, end;
553 cmem->ranges[0].start = mstart;
554 cmem->ranges[0].end = mend;
557 /* Exclude Backup region */
558 start = image->arch.backup_load_addr;
559 end = start + image->arch.backup_src_sz - 1;
560 ret = exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
564 /* Exclude elf header region */
565 start = image->arch.elf_load_addr;
566 end = start + image->arch.elf_headers_sz - 1;
567 return exclude_mem_range(cmem, start, end);
570 /* Prepare memory map for crash dump kernel */
571 int crash_setup_memmap_entries(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params)
576 struct crash_memmap_data cmd;
577 struct crash_mem *cmem;
579 cmem = vzalloc(sizeof(struct crash_mem));
583 memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct crash_memmap_data));
586 /* Add first 640K segment */
587 ei.addr = image->arch.backup_src_start;
588 ei.size = image->arch.backup_src_sz;
590 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
592 /* Add ACPI tables */
593 cmd.type = E820_ACPI;
594 flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
595 walk_iomem_res("ACPI Tables", flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
596 memmap_entry_callback);
598 /* Add ACPI Non-volatile Storage */
600 walk_iomem_res("ACPI Non-volatile Storage", flags, 0, -1, &cmd,
601 memmap_entry_callback);
603 /* Add crashk_low_res region */
604 if (crashk_low_res.end) {
605 ei.addr = crashk_low_res.start;
606 ei.size = crashk_low_res.end - crashk_low_res.start + 1;
608 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
611 /* Exclude some ranges from crashk_res and add rest to memmap */
612 ret = memmap_exclude_ranges(image, cmem, crashk_res.start,
617 for (i = 0; i < cmem->nr_ranges; i++) {
618 ei.size = cmem->ranges[i].end - cmem->ranges[i].start + 1;
620 /* If entry is less than a page, skip it */
621 if (ei.size < PAGE_SIZE)
623 ei.addr = cmem->ranges[i].start;
625 add_e820_entry(params, &ei);
633 static int determine_backup_region(u64 start, u64 end, void *arg)
635 struct kimage *image = arg;
637 image->arch.backup_src_start = start;
638 image->arch.backup_src_sz = end - start + 1;
640 /* Expecting only one range for backup region */
644 int crash_load_segments(struct kimage *image)
646 unsigned long src_start, src_sz, elf_sz;
651 * Determine and load a segment for backup area. First 640K RAM
652 * region is backup source
655 ret = walk_system_ram_res(KEXEC_BACKUP_SRC_START, KEXEC_BACKUP_SRC_END,
656 image, determine_backup_region);
658 /* Zero or postive return values are ok */
662 src_start = image->arch.backup_src_start;
663 src_sz = image->arch.backup_src_sz;
665 /* Add backup segment. */
668 * Ideally there is no source for backup segment. This is
669 * copied in purgatory after crash. Just add a zero filled
670 * segment for now to make sure checksum logic works fine.
672 ret = kexec_add_buffer(image, (char *)&crash_zero_bytes,
673 sizeof(crash_zero_bytes), src_sz,
675 &image->arch.backup_load_addr);
678 pr_debug("Loaded backup region at 0x%lx backup_start=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
679 image->arch.backup_load_addr, src_start, src_sz);
682 /* Prepare elf headers and add a segment */
683 ret = prepare_elf_headers(image, &elf_addr, &elf_sz);
687 image->arch.elf_headers = elf_addr;
688 image->arch.elf_headers_sz = elf_sz;
690 ret = kexec_add_buffer(image, (char *)elf_addr, elf_sz, elf_sz,
691 ELF_CORE_HEADER_ALIGN, 0, -1, 0,
692 &image->arch.elf_load_addr);
694 vfree((void *)image->arch.elf_headers);
697 pr_debug("Loaded ELF headers at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n",
698 image->arch.elf_load_addr, elf_sz, elf_sz);
702 #endif /* CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE */