Revert "kvm: selftests: move base kvm_util.h declarations to kvm_util_base.h"

[linux.git] / fs / btrfs / inode.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 */

#include <crypto/hash.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/blk-cgroup.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/btrfs.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl_xattr.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/magic.h>
#include <linux/iversion.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/iomap.h>
#include <asm/unaligned.h>
#include <linux/fsverity.h>
#include "misc.h"
#include "ctree.h"
#include "disk-io.h"
#include "transaction.h"
#include "btrfs_inode.h"
#include "ordered-data.h"
#include "xattr.h"
#include "tree-log.h"
#include "bio.h"
#include "compression.h"
#include "locking.h"
#include "props.h"
#include "qgroup.h"
#include "delalloc-space.h"
#include "block-group.h"
#include "space-info.h"
#include "zoned.h"
#include "subpage.h"
#include "inode-item.h"
#include "fs.h"
#include "accessors.h"
#include "extent-tree.h"
#include "root-tree.h"
#include "defrag.h"
#include "dir-item.h"
#include "file-item.h"
#include "uuid-tree.h"
#include "ioctl.h"
#include "file.h"
#include "acl.h"
#include "relocation.h"
#include "verity.h"
#include "super.h"
#include "orphan.h"
#include "backref.h"
#include "raid-stripe-tree.h"

struct btrfs_iget_args {
        u64 ino;
        struct btrfs_root *root;
};

struct btrfs_dio_data {
        ssize_t submitted;
        struct extent_changeset *data_reserved;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        bool data_space_reserved;
        bool nocow_done;
};

struct btrfs_dio_private {
        /* Range of I/O */
        u64 file_offset;
        u32 bytes;

        /* This must be last */
        struct btrfs_bio bbio;
};

static struct bio_set btrfs_dio_bioset;

struct btrfs_rename_ctx {
        /* Output field. Stores the index number of the old directory entry. */
        u64 index;
};

/*
 * Used by data_reloc_print_warning_inode() to pass needed info for filename
 * resolution and output of error message.
 */
struct data_reloc_warn {
        struct btrfs_path path;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info;
        u64 extent_item_size;
        u64 logical;
        int mirror_num;
};

/*
 * For the file_extent_tree, we want to hold the inode lock when we lookup and
 * update the disk_i_size, but lockdep will complain because our io_tree we hold
 * the tree lock and get the inode lock when setting delalloc. These two things
 * are unrelated, so make a class for the file_extent_tree so we don't get the
 * two locking patterns mixed up.
 */
static struct lock_class_key file_extent_tree_class;

static const struct inode_operations btrfs_dir_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations btrfs_symlink_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations btrfs_special_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations btrfs_file_inode_operations;
static const struct address_space_operations btrfs_aops;
static const struct file_operations btrfs_dir_file_operations;

static struct kmem_cache *btrfs_inode_cachep;

static int btrfs_setsize(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *attr);
static int btrfs_truncate(struct btrfs_inode *inode, bool skip_writeback);

static noinline int run_delalloc_cow(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                     struct page *locked_page, u64 start,
                                     u64 end, struct writeback_control *wbc,
                                     bool pages_dirty);
static struct extent_map *create_io_em(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start,
                                       u64 len, u64 orig_start, u64 block_start,
                                       u64 block_len, u64 orig_block_len,
                                       u64 ram_bytes, int compress_type,
                                       int type);

static int data_reloc_print_warning_inode(u64 inum, u64 offset, u64 num_bytes,
                                          u64 root, void *warn_ctx)
{
        struct data_reloc_warn *warn = warn_ctx;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = warn->fs_info;
        struct extent_buffer *eb;
        struct btrfs_inode_item *inode_item;
        struct inode_fs_paths *ipath = NULL;
        struct btrfs_root *local_root;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        unsigned int nofs_flag;
        u32 nlink;
        int ret;

        local_root = btrfs_get_fs_root(fs_info, root, true);
        if (IS_ERR(local_root)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(local_root);
                goto err;
        }

        /* This makes the path point to (inum INODE_ITEM ioff). */
        key.objectid = inum;
        key.type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
        key.offset = 0;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, local_root, &key, &warn->path, 0, 0);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_put_root(local_root);
                btrfs_release_path(&warn->path);
                goto err;
        }

        eb = warn->path.nodes[0];
        inode_item = btrfs_item_ptr(eb, warn->path.slots[0], struct btrfs_inode_item);
        nlink = btrfs_inode_nlink(eb, inode_item);
        btrfs_release_path(&warn->path);

        nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
        ipath = init_ipath(4096, local_root, &warn->path);
        memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
        if (IS_ERR(ipath)) {
                btrfs_put_root(local_root);
                ret = PTR_ERR(ipath);
                ipath = NULL;
                /*
                 * -ENOMEM, not a critical error, just output an generic error
                 * without filename.
                 */
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
"checksum error at logical %llu mirror %u root %llu, inode %llu offset %llu",
                           warn->logical, warn->mirror_num, root, inum, offset);
                return ret;
        }
        ret = paths_from_inode(inum, ipath);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err;

        /*
         * We deliberately ignore the bit ipath might have been too small to
         * hold all of the paths here
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < ipath->fspath->elem_cnt; i++) {
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
"checksum error at logical %llu mirror %u root %llu inode %llu offset %llu length %u links %u (path: %s)",
                           warn->logical, warn->mirror_num, root, inum, offset,
                           fs_info->sectorsize, nlink,
                           (char *)(unsigned long)ipath->fspath->val[i]);
        }

        btrfs_put_root(local_root);
        free_ipath(ipath);
        return 0;

err:
        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
"checksum error at logical %llu mirror %u root %llu inode %llu offset %llu, path resolving failed with ret=%d",
                   warn->logical, warn->mirror_num, root, inum, offset, ret);

        free_ipath(ipath);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Do extra user-friendly error output (e.g. lookup all the affected files).
 *
 * Return true if we succeeded doing the backref lookup.
 * Return false if such lookup failed, and has to fallback to the old error message.
 */
static void print_data_reloc_error(const struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 file_off,
                                   const u8 *csum, const u8 *csum_expected,
                                   int mirror_num)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_path path = { 0 };
        struct btrfs_key found_key = { 0 };
        struct extent_buffer *eb;
        struct btrfs_extent_item *ei;
        const u32 csum_size = fs_info->csum_size;
        u64 logical;
        u64 flags;
        u32 item_size;
        int ret;

        mutex_lock(&fs_info->reloc_mutex);
        logical = btrfs_get_reloc_bg_bytenr(fs_info);
        mutex_unlock(&fs_info->reloc_mutex);

        if (logical == U64_MAX) {
                btrfs_warn_rl(fs_info, "has data reloc tree but no running relocation");
                btrfs_warn_rl(fs_info,
"csum failed root %lld ino %llu off %llu csum " CSUM_FMT " expected csum " CSUM_FMT " mirror %d",
                        inode->root->root_key.objectid, btrfs_ino(inode), file_off,
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum),
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum_expected),
                        mirror_num);
                return;
        }

        logical += file_off;
        btrfs_warn_rl(fs_info,
"csum failed root %lld ino %llu off %llu logical %llu csum " CSUM_FMT " expected csum " CSUM_FMT " mirror %d",
                        inode->root->root_key.objectid,
                        btrfs_ino(inode), file_off, logical,
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum),
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum_expected),
                        mirror_num);

        ret = extent_from_logical(fs_info, logical, &path, &found_key, &flags);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_err_rl(fs_info, "failed to lookup extent item for logical %llu: %d",
                             logical, ret);
                return;
        }
        eb = path.nodes[0];
        ei = btrfs_item_ptr(eb, path.slots[0], struct btrfs_extent_item);
        item_size = btrfs_item_size(eb, path.slots[0]);
        if (flags & BTRFS_EXTENT_FLAG_TREE_BLOCK) {
                unsigned long ptr = 0;
                u64 ref_root;
                u8 ref_level;

                while (true) {
                        ret = tree_backref_for_extent(&ptr, eb, &found_key, ei,
                                                      item_size, &ref_root,
                                                      &ref_level);
                        if (ret < 0) {
                                btrfs_warn_rl(fs_info,
                                "failed to resolve tree backref for logical %llu: %d",
                                              logical, ret);
                                break;
                        }
                        if (ret > 0)
                                break;

                        btrfs_warn_rl(fs_info,
"csum error at logical %llu mirror %u: metadata %s (level %d) in tree %llu",
                                logical, mirror_num,
                                (ref_level ? "node" : "leaf"),
                                ref_level, ref_root);
                }
                btrfs_release_path(&path);
        } else {
                struct btrfs_backref_walk_ctx ctx = { 0 };
                struct data_reloc_warn reloc_warn = { 0 };

                btrfs_release_path(&path);

                ctx.bytenr = found_key.objectid;
                ctx.extent_item_pos = logical - found_key.objectid;
                ctx.fs_info = fs_info;

                reloc_warn.logical = logical;
                reloc_warn.extent_item_size = found_key.offset;
                reloc_warn.mirror_num = mirror_num;
                reloc_warn.fs_info = fs_info;

                iterate_extent_inodes(&ctx, true,
                                      data_reloc_print_warning_inode, &reloc_warn);
        }
}

static void __cold btrfs_print_data_csum_error(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                u64 logical_start, u8 *csum, u8 *csum_expected, int mirror_num)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        const u32 csum_size = root->fs_info->csum_size;

        /* For data reloc tree, it's better to do a backref lookup instead. */
        if (root->root_key.objectid == BTRFS_DATA_RELOC_TREE_OBJECTID)
                return print_data_reloc_error(inode, logical_start, csum,
                                              csum_expected, mirror_num);

        /* Output without objectid, which is more meaningful */
        if (root->root_key.objectid >= BTRFS_LAST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                btrfs_warn_rl(root->fs_info,
"csum failed root %lld ino %lld off %llu csum " CSUM_FMT " expected csum " CSUM_FMT " mirror %d",
                        root->root_key.objectid, btrfs_ino(inode),
                        logical_start,
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum),
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum_expected),
                        mirror_num);
        } else {
                btrfs_warn_rl(root->fs_info,
"csum failed root %llu ino %llu off %llu csum " CSUM_FMT " expected csum " CSUM_FMT " mirror %d",
                        root->root_key.objectid, btrfs_ino(inode),
                        logical_start,
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum),
                        CSUM_FMT_VALUE(csum_size, csum_expected),
                        mirror_num);
        }
}

/*
 * Lock inode i_rwsem based on arguments passed.
 *
 * ilock_flags can have the following bit set:
 *
 * BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED - acquire a shared lock on the inode
 * BTRFS_ILOCK_TRY - try to acquire the lock, if fails on first attempt
 *                   return -EAGAIN
 * BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP - acquire a write lock on the i_mmap_lock
 */
int btrfs_inode_lock(struct btrfs_inode *inode, unsigned int ilock_flags)
{
        if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED) {
                if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_TRY) {
                        if (!inode_trylock_shared(&inode->vfs_inode))
                                return -EAGAIN;
                        else
                                return 0;
                }
                inode_lock_shared(&inode->vfs_inode);
        } else {
                if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_TRY) {
                        if (!inode_trylock(&inode->vfs_inode))
                                return -EAGAIN;
                        else
                                return 0;
                }
                inode_lock(&inode->vfs_inode);
        }
        if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP)
                down_write(&inode->i_mmap_lock);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Unock inode i_rwsem.
 *
 * ilock_flags should contain the same bits set as passed to btrfs_inode_lock()
 * to decide whether the lock acquired is shared or exclusive.
 */
void btrfs_inode_unlock(struct btrfs_inode *inode, unsigned int ilock_flags)
{
        if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_MMAP)
                up_write(&inode->i_mmap_lock);
        if (ilock_flags & BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED)
                inode_unlock_shared(&inode->vfs_inode);
        else
                inode_unlock(&inode->vfs_inode);
}

/*
 * Cleanup all submitted ordered extents in specified range to handle errors
 * from the btrfs_run_delalloc_range() callback.
 *
 * NOTE: caller must ensure that when an error happens, it can not call
 * extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() to clear both the bits EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING
 * and EXTENT_DELALLOC simultaneously, because that causes the reserved metadata
 * to be released, which we want to happen only when finishing the ordered
 * extent (btrfs_finish_ordered_io()).
 */
static inline void btrfs_cleanup_ordered_extents(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                                 struct page *locked_page,
                                                 u64 offset, u64 bytes)
{
        unsigned long index = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned long end_index = (offset + bytes - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        u64 page_start = 0, page_end = 0;
        struct page *page;

        if (locked_page) {
                page_start = page_offset(locked_page);
                page_end = page_start + PAGE_SIZE - 1;
        }

        while (index <= end_index) {
                /*
                 * For locked page, we will call btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished
                 * through btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished() on it
                 * in run_delalloc_range() for the error handling, which will
                 * clear page Ordered and run the ordered extent accounting.
                 *
                 * Here we can't just clear the Ordered bit, or
                 * btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished() would skip the accounting
                 * for the page range, and the ordered extent will never finish.
                 */
                if (locked_page && index == (page_start >> PAGE_SHIFT)) {
                        index++;
                        continue;
                }
                page = find_get_page(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, index);
                index++;
                if (!page)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Here we just clear all Ordered bits for every page in the
                 * range, then btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished() will handle
                 * the ordered extent accounting for the range.
                 */
                btrfs_folio_clamp_clear_ordered(inode->root->fs_info,
                                                page_folio(page), offset, bytes);
                put_page(page);
        }

        if (locked_page) {
                /* The locked page covers the full range, nothing needs to be done */
                if (bytes + offset <= page_start + PAGE_SIZE)
                        return;
                /*
                 * In case this page belongs to the delalloc range being
                 * instantiated then skip it, since the first page of a range is
                 * going to be properly cleaned up by the caller of
                 * run_delalloc_range
                 */
                if (page_start >= offset && page_end <= (offset + bytes - 1)) {
                        bytes = offset + bytes - page_offset(locked_page) - PAGE_SIZE;
                        offset = page_offset(locked_page) + PAGE_SIZE;
                }
        }

        return btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished(inode, NULL, offset, bytes, false);
}

static int btrfs_dirty_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode);

static int btrfs_init_inode_security(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                     struct btrfs_new_inode_args *args)
{
        int err;

        if (args->default_acl) {
                err = __btrfs_set_acl(trans, args->inode, args->default_acl,
                                      ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }
        if (args->acl) {
                err = __btrfs_set_acl(trans, args->inode, args->acl, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }
        if (!args->default_acl && !args->acl)
                cache_no_acl(args->inode);
        return btrfs_xattr_security_init(trans, args->inode, args->dir,
                                         &args->dentry->d_name);
}

/*
 * this does all the hard work for inserting an inline extent into
 * the btree.  The caller should have done a btrfs_drop_extents so that
 * no overlapping inline items exist in the btree
 */
static int insert_inline_extent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                struct btrfs_path *path,
                                struct btrfs_inode *inode, bool extent_inserted,
                                size_t size, size_t compressed_size,
                                int compress_type,
                                struct page **compressed_pages,
                                bool update_i_size)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        char *kaddr;
        unsigned long ptr;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *ei;
        int ret;
        size_t cur_size = size;
        u64 i_size;

        ASSERT((compressed_size > 0 && compressed_pages) ||
               (compressed_size == 0 && !compressed_pages));

        if (compressed_size && compressed_pages)
                cur_size = compressed_size;

        if (!extent_inserted) {
                struct btrfs_key key;
                size_t datasize;

                key.objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
                key.offset = 0;
                key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;

                datasize = btrfs_file_extent_calc_inline_size(cur_size);
                ret = btrfs_insert_empty_item(trans, root, path, &key,
                                              datasize);
                if (ret)
                        goto fail;
        }
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        ei = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                            struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, ei, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_type(leaf, ei, BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_encryption(leaf, ei, 0);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_other_encoding(leaf, ei, 0);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, ei, size);
        ptr = btrfs_file_extent_inline_start(ei);

        if (compress_type != BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE) {
                struct page *cpage;
                int i = 0;
                while (compressed_size > 0) {
                        cpage = compressed_pages[i];
                        cur_size = min_t(unsigned long, compressed_size,
                                       PAGE_SIZE);

                        kaddr = kmap_local_page(cpage);
                        write_extent_buffer(leaf, kaddr, ptr, cur_size);
                        kunmap_local(kaddr);

                        i++;
                        ptr += cur_size;
                        compressed_size -= cur_size;
                }
                btrfs_set_file_extent_compression(leaf, ei,
                                                  compress_type);
        } else {
                page = find_get_page(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, 0);
                btrfs_set_file_extent_compression(leaf, ei, 0);
                kaddr = kmap_local_page(page);
                write_extent_buffer(leaf, kaddr, ptr, size);
                kunmap_local(kaddr);
                put_page(page);
        }
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        /*
         * We align size to sectorsize for inline extents just for simplicity
         * sake.
         */
        ret = btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(inode, 0,
                                        ALIGN(size, root->fs_info->sectorsize));
        if (ret)
                goto fail;

        /*
         * We're an inline extent, so nobody can extend the file past i_size
         * without locking a page we already have locked.
         *
         * We must do any i_size and inode updates before we unlock the pages.
         * Otherwise we could end up racing with unlink.
         */
        i_size = i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode);
        if (update_i_size && size > i_size) {
                i_size_write(&inode->vfs_inode, size);
                i_size = size;
        }
        inode->disk_i_size = i_size;

fail:
        return ret;
}


/*
 * conditionally insert an inline extent into the file.  This
 * does the checks required to make sure the data is small enough
 * to fit as an inline extent.
 */
static noinline int cow_file_range_inline(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 size,
                                          size_t compressed_size,
                                          int compress_type,
                                          struct page **compressed_pages,
                                          bool update_i_size)
{
        struct btrfs_drop_extents_args drop_args = { 0 };
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        u64 data_len = (compressed_size ?: size);
        int ret;
        struct btrfs_path *path;

        /*
         * We can create an inline extent if it ends at or beyond the current
         * i_size, is no larger than a sector (decompressed), and the (possibly
         * compressed) data fits in a leaf and the configured maximum inline
         * size.
         */
        if (size < i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode) ||
            size > fs_info->sectorsize ||
            data_len > BTRFS_MAX_INLINE_DATA_SIZE(fs_info) ||
            data_len > fs_info->max_inline)
                return 1;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                btrfs_free_path(path);
                return PTR_ERR(trans);
        }
        trans->block_rsv = &inode->block_rsv;

        drop_args.path = path;
        drop_args.start = 0;
        drop_args.end = fs_info->sectorsize;
        drop_args.drop_cache = true;
        drop_args.replace_extent = true;
        drop_args.extent_item_size = btrfs_file_extent_calc_inline_size(data_len);
        ret = btrfs_drop_extents(trans, root, inode, &drop_args);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        ret = insert_inline_extent(trans, path, inode, drop_args.extent_inserted,
                                   size, compressed_size, compress_type,
                                   compressed_pages, update_i_size);
        if (ret && ret != -ENOSPC) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        } else if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }

        btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, size, drop_args.bytes_found);
        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        if (ret && ret != -ENOSPC) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        } else if (ret == -ENOSPC) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }

        btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);
out:
        /*
         * Don't forget to free the reserved space, as for inlined extent
         * it won't count as data extent, free them directly here.
         * And at reserve time, it's always aligned to page size, so
         * just free one page here.
         */
        btrfs_qgroup_free_data(inode, NULL, 0, PAGE_SIZE, NULL);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        return ret;
}

struct async_extent {
        u64 start;
        u64 ram_size;
        u64 compressed_size;
        struct page **pages;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        int compress_type;
        struct list_head list;
};

struct async_chunk {
        struct btrfs_inode *inode;
        struct page *locked_page;
        u64 start;
        u64 end;
        blk_opf_t write_flags;
        struct list_head extents;
        struct cgroup_subsys_state *blkcg_css;
        struct btrfs_work work;
        struct async_cow *async_cow;
};

struct async_cow {
        atomic_t num_chunks;
        struct async_chunk chunks[];
};

static noinline int add_async_extent(struct async_chunk *cow,
                                     u64 start, u64 ram_size,
                                     u64 compressed_size,
                                     struct page **pages,
                                     unsigned long nr_pages,
                                     int compress_type)
{
        struct async_extent *async_extent;

        async_extent = kmalloc(sizeof(*async_extent), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!async_extent)
                return -ENOMEM;
        async_extent->start = start;
        async_extent->ram_size = ram_size;
        async_extent->compressed_size = compressed_size;
        async_extent->pages = pages;
        async_extent->nr_pages = nr_pages;
        async_extent->compress_type = compress_type;
        list_add_tail(&async_extent->list, &cow->extents);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Check if the inode needs to be submitted to compression, based on mount
 * options, defragmentation, properties or heuristics.
 */
static inline int inode_need_compress(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start,
                                      u64 end)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;

        if (!btrfs_inode_can_compress(inode)) {
                WARN(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BTRFS_DEBUG),
                        KERN_ERR "BTRFS: unexpected compression for ino %llu\n",
                        btrfs_ino(inode));
                return 0;
        }
        /*
         * Special check for subpage.
         *
         * We lock the full page then run each delalloc range in the page, thus
         * for the following case, we will hit some subpage specific corner case:
         *
         * 0            32K             64K
         * |    |///////|       |///////|
         *              \- A            \- B
         *
         * In above case, both range A and range B will try to unlock the full
         * page [0, 64K), causing the one finished later will have page
         * unlocked already, triggering various page lock requirement BUG_ON()s.
         *
         * So here we add an artificial limit that subpage compression can only
         * if the range is fully page aligned.
         *
         * In theory we only need to ensure the first page is fully covered, but
         * the tailing partial page will be locked until the full compression
         * finishes, delaying the write of other range.
         *
         * TODO: Make btrfs_run_delalloc_range() to lock all delalloc range
         * first to prevent any submitted async extent to unlock the full page.
         * By this, we can ensure for subpage case that only the last async_cow
         * will unlock the full page.
         */
        if (fs_info->sectorsize < PAGE_SIZE) {
                if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(start) ||
                    !PAGE_ALIGNED(end + 1))
                        return 0;
        }

        /* force compress */
        if (btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, FORCE_COMPRESS))
                return 1;
        /* defrag ioctl */
        if (inode->defrag_compress)
                return 1;
        /* bad compression ratios */
        if (inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS)
                return 0;
        if (btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, COMPRESS) ||
            inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS ||
            inode->prop_compress)
                return btrfs_compress_heuristic(&inode->vfs_inode, start, end);
        return 0;
}

static inline void inode_should_defrag(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                u64 start, u64 end, u64 num_bytes, u32 small_write)
{
        /* If this is a small write inside eof, kick off a defrag */
        if (num_bytes < small_write &&
            (start > 0 || end + 1 < inode->disk_i_size))
                btrfs_add_inode_defrag(NULL, inode, small_write);
}

/*
 * Work queue call back to started compression on a file and pages.
 *
 * This is done inside an ordered work queue, and the compression is spread
 * across many cpus.  The actual IO submission is step two, and the ordered work
 * queue takes care of making sure that happens in the same order things were
 * put onto the queue by writepages and friends.
 *
 * If this code finds it can't get good compression, it puts an entry onto the
 * work queue to write the uncompressed bytes.  This makes sure that both
 * compressed inodes and uncompressed inodes are written in the same order that
 * the flusher thread sent them down.
 */
static void compress_file_range(struct btrfs_work *work)
{
        struct async_chunk *async_chunk =
                container_of(work, struct async_chunk, work);
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = async_chunk->inode;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping;
        u64 blocksize = fs_info->sectorsize;
        u64 start = async_chunk->start;
        u64 end = async_chunk->end;
        u64 actual_end;
        u64 i_size;
        int ret = 0;
        struct page **pages;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        unsigned long total_compressed = 0;
        unsigned long total_in = 0;
        unsigned int poff;
        int i;
        int compress_type = fs_info->compress_type;

        inode_should_defrag(inode, start, end, end - start + 1, SZ_16K);

        /*
         * We need to call clear_page_dirty_for_io on each page in the range.
         * Otherwise applications with the file mmap'd can wander in and change
         * the page contents while we are compressing them.
         */
        extent_range_clear_dirty_for_io(&inode->vfs_inode, start, end);

        /*
         * We need to save i_size before now because it could change in between
         * us evaluating the size and assigning it.  This is because we lock and
         * unlock the page in truncate and fallocate, and then modify the i_size
         * later on.
         *
         * The barriers are to emulate READ_ONCE, remove that once i_size_read
         * does that for us.
         */
        barrier();
        i_size = i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode);
        barrier();
        actual_end = min_t(u64, i_size, end + 1);
again:
        pages = NULL;
        nr_pages = (end >> PAGE_SHIFT) - (start >> PAGE_SHIFT) + 1;
        nr_pages = min_t(unsigned long, nr_pages, BTRFS_MAX_COMPRESSED_PAGES);

        /*
         * we don't want to send crud past the end of i_size through
         * compression, that's just a waste of CPU time.  So, if the
         * end of the file is before the start of our current
         * requested range of bytes, we bail out to the uncompressed
         * cleanup code that can deal with all of this.
         *
         * It isn't really the fastest way to fix things, but this is a
         * very uncommon corner.
         */
        if (actual_end <= start)
                goto cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed;

        total_compressed = actual_end - start;

        /*
         * Skip compression for a small file range(<=blocksize) that
         * isn't an inline extent, since it doesn't save disk space at all.
         */
        if (total_compressed <= blocksize &&
           (start > 0 || end + 1 < inode->disk_i_size))
                goto cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed;

        /*
         * For subpage case, we require full page alignment for the sector
         * aligned range.
         * Thus we must also check against @actual_end, not just @end.
         */
        if (blocksize < PAGE_SIZE) {
                if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(start) ||
                    !PAGE_ALIGNED(round_up(actual_end, blocksize)))
                        goto cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed;
        }

        total_compressed = min_t(unsigned long, total_compressed,
                        BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED);
        total_in = 0;
        ret = 0;

        /*
         * We do compression for mount -o compress and when the inode has not
         * been flagged as NOCOMPRESS.  This flag can change at any time if we
         * discover bad compression ratios.
         */
        if (!inode_need_compress(inode, start, end))
                goto cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed;

        pages = kcalloc(nr_pages, sizeof(struct page *), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!pages) {
                /*
                 * Memory allocation failure is not a fatal error, we can fall
                 * back to uncompressed code.
                 */
                goto cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed;
        }

        if (inode->defrag_compress)
                compress_type = inode->defrag_compress;
        else if (inode->prop_compress)
                compress_type = inode->prop_compress;

        /* Compression level is applied here. */
        ret = btrfs_compress_pages(compress_type | (fs_info->compress_level << 4),
                                   mapping, start, pages, &nr_pages, &total_in,
                                   &total_compressed);
        if (ret)
                goto mark_incompressible;

        /*
         * Zero the tail end of the last page, as we might be sending it down
         * to disk.
         */
        poff = offset_in_page(total_compressed);
        if (poff)
                memzero_page(pages[nr_pages - 1], poff, PAGE_SIZE - poff);

        /*
         * Try to create an inline extent.
         *
         * If we didn't compress the entire range, try to create an uncompressed
         * inline extent, else a compressed one.
         *
         * Check cow_file_range() for why we don't even try to create inline
         * extent for the subpage case.
         */
        if (start == 0 && fs_info->sectorsize == PAGE_SIZE) {
                if (total_in < actual_end) {
                        ret = cow_file_range_inline(inode, actual_end, 0,
                                                    BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE, NULL,
                                                    false);
                } else {
                        ret = cow_file_range_inline(inode, actual_end,
                                                    total_compressed,
                                                    compress_type, pages,
                                                    false);
                }
                if (ret <= 0) {
                        unsigned long clear_flags = EXTENT_DELALLOC |
                                EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW | EXTENT_DEFRAG |
                                EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING;

                        if (ret < 0)
                                mapping_set_error(mapping, -EIO);

                        /*
                         * inline extent creation worked or returned error,
                         * we don't need to create any more async work items.
                         * Unlock and free up our temp pages.
                         *
                         * We use DO_ACCOUNTING here because we need the
                         * delalloc_release_metadata to be done _after_ we drop
                         * our outstanding extent for clearing delalloc for this
                         * range.
                         */
                        extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, end,
                                                     NULL,
                                                     clear_flags,
                                                     PAGE_UNLOCK |
                                                     PAGE_START_WRITEBACK |
                                                     PAGE_END_WRITEBACK);
                        goto free_pages;
                }
        }

        /*
         * We aren't doing an inline extent. Round the compressed size up to a
         * block size boundary so the allocator does sane things.
         */
        total_compressed = ALIGN(total_compressed, blocksize);

        /*
         * One last check to make sure the compression is really a win, compare
         * the page count read with the blocks on disk, compression must free at
         * least one sector.
         */
        total_in = round_up(total_in, fs_info->sectorsize);
        if (total_compressed + blocksize > total_in)
                goto mark_incompressible;

        /*
         * The async work queues will take care of doing actual allocation on
         * disk for these compressed pages, and will submit the bios.
         */
        ret = add_async_extent(async_chunk, start, total_in, total_compressed, pages,
                               nr_pages, compress_type);
        BUG_ON(ret);
        if (start + total_in < end) {
                start += total_in;
                cond_resched();
                goto again;
        }
        return;

mark_incompressible:
        if (!btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, FORCE_COMPRESS) && !inode->prop_compress)
                inode->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS;
cleanup_and_bail_uncompressed:
        ret = add_async_extent(async_chunk, start, end - start + 1, 0, NULL, 0,
                               BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE);
        BUG_ON(ret);
free_pages:
        if (pages) {
                for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                        WARN_ON(pages[i]->mapping);
                        btrfs_free_compr_page(pages[i]);
                }
                kfree(pages);
        }
}

static void free_async_extent_pages(struct async_extent *async_extent)
{
        int i;

        if (!async_extent->pages)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < async_extent->nr_pages; i++) {
                WARN_ON(async_extent->pages[i]->mapping);
                btrfs_free_compr_page(async_extent->pages[i]);
        }
        kfree(async_extent->pages);
        async_extent->nr_pages = 0;
        async_extent->pages = NULL;
}

static void submit_uncompressed_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                      struct async_extent *async_extent,
                                      struct page *locked_page)
{
        u64 start = async_extent->start;
        u64 end = async_extent->start + async_extent->ram_size - 1;
        int ret;
        struct writeback_control wbc = {
                .sync_mode              = WB_SYNC_ALL,
                .range_start            = start,
                .range_end              = end,
                .no_cgroup_owner        = 1,
        };

        wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode(&wbc, &inode->vfs_inode);
        ret = run_delalloc_cow(inode, locked_page, start, end, &wbc, false);
        wbc_detach_inode(&wbc);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_cleanup_ordered_extents(inode, locked_page, start, end - start + 1);
                if (locked_page) {
                        const u64 page_start = page_offset(locked_page);

                        set_page_writeback(locked_page);
                        end_page_writeback(locked_page);
                        btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished(inode, locked_page,
                                                       page_start, PAGE_SIZE,
                                                       !ret);
                        mapping_set_error(locked_page->mapping, ret);
                        unlock_page(locked_page);
                }
        }
}

static void submit_one_async_extent(struct async_chunk *async_chunk,
                                    struct async_extent *async_extent,
                                    u64 *alloc_hint)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = async_chunk->inode;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        struct page *locked_page = NULL;
        struct extent_map *em;
        int ret = 0;
        u64 start = async_extent->start;
        u64 end = async_extent->start + async_extent->ram_size - 1;

        if (async_chunk->blkcg_css)
                kthread_associate_blkcg(async_chunk->blkcg_css);

        /*
         * If async_chunk->locked_page is in the async_extent range, we need to
         * handle it.
         */
        if (async_chunk->locked_page) {
                u64 locked_page_start = page_offset(async_chunk->locked_page);
                u64 locked_page_end = locked_page_start + PAGE_SIZE - 1;

                if (!(start >= locked_page_end || end <= locked_page_start))
                        locked_page = async_chunk->locked_page;
        }
        lock_extent(io_tree, start, end, NULL);

        if (async_extent->compress_type == BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE) {
                submit_uncompressed_range(inode, async_extent, locked_page);
                goto done;
        }

        ret = btrfs_reserve_extent(root, async_extent->ram_size,
                                   async_extent->compressed_size,
                                   async_extent->compressed_size,
                                   0, *alloc_hint, &ins, 1, 1);
        if (ret) {
                /*
                 * Here we used to try again by going back to non-compressed
                 * path for ENOSPC.  But we can't reserve space even for
                 * compressed size, how could it work for uncompressed size
                 * which requires larger size?  So here we directly go error
                 * path.
                 */
                goto out_free;
        }

        /* Here we're doing allocation and writeback of the compressed pages */
        em = create_io_em(inode, start,
                          async_extent->ram_size,       /* len */
                          start,                        /* orig_start */
                          ins.objectid,                 /* block_start */
                          ins.offset,                   /* block_len */
                          ins.offset,                   /* orig_block_len */
                          async_extent->ram_size,       /* ram_bytes */
                          async_extent->compress_type,
                          BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED);
        if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                goto out_free_reserve;
        }
        free_extent_map(em);

        ordered = btrfs_alloc_ordered_extent(inode, start,      /* file_offset */
                                       async_extent->ram_size,  /* num_bytes */
                                       async_extent->ram_size,  /* ram_bytes */
                                       ins.objectid,            /* disk_bytenr */
                                       ins.offset,              /* disk_num_bytes */
                                       0,                       /* offset */
                                       1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED,
                                       async_extent->compress_type);
        if (IS_ERR(ordered)) {
                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, start, end, false);
                ret = PTR_ERR(ordered);
                goto out_free_reserve;
        }
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);

        /* Clear dirty, set writeback and unlock the pages. */
        extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, end,
                        NULL, EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC,
                        PAGE_UNLOCK | PAGE_START_WRITEBACK);
        btrfs_submit_compressed_write(ordered,
                            async_extent->pages,        /* compressed_pages */
                            async_extent->nr_pages,
                            async_chunk->write_flags, true);
        *alloc_hint = ins.objectid + ins.offset;
done:
        if (async_chunk->blkcg_css)
                kthread_associate_blkcg(NULL);
        kfree(async_extent);
        return;

out_free_reserve:
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);
        btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info, ins.objectid, ins.offset, 1);
out_free:
        mapping_set_error(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, -EIO);
        extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, end,
                                     NULL, EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC |
                                     EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW |
                                     EXTENT_DEFRAG | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING,
                                     PAGE_UNLOCK | PAGE_START_WRITEBACK |
                                     PAGE_END_WRITEBACK);
        free_async_extent_pages(async_extent);
        if (async_chunk->blkcg_css)
                kthread_associate_blkcg(NULL);
        btrfs_debug(fs_info,
"async extent submission failed root=%lld inode=%llu start=%llu len=%llu ret=%d",
                    root->root_key.objectid, btrfs_ino(inode), start,
                    async_extent->ram_size, ret);
        kfree(async_extent);
}

static u64 get_extent_allocation_hint(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start,
                                      u64 num_bytes)
{
        struct extent_map_tree *em_tree = &inode->extent_tree;
        struct extent_map *em;
        u64 alloc_hint = 0;

        read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
        em = search_extent_mapping(em_tree, start, num_bytes);
        if (em) {
                /*
                 * if block start isn't an actual block number then find the
                 * first block in this inode and use that as a hint.  If that
                 * block is also bogus then just don't worry about it.
                 */
                if (em->block_start >= EXTENT_MAP_LAST_BYTE) {
                        free_extent_map(em);
                        em = search_extent_mapping(em_tree, 0, 0);
                        if (em && em->block_start < EXTENT_MAP_LAST_BYTE)
                                alloc_hint = em->block_start;
                        if (em)
                                free_extent_map(em);
                } else {
                        alloc_hint = em->block_start;
                        free_extent_map(em);
                }
        }
        read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);

        return alloc_hint;
}

/*
 * when extent_io.c finds a delayed allocation range in the file,
 * the call backs end up in this code.  The basic idea is to
 * allocate extents on disk for the range, and create ordered data structs
 * in ram to track those extents.
 *
 * locked_page is the page that writepage had locked already.  We use
 * it to make sure we don't do extra locks or unlocks.
 *
 * When this function fails, it unlocks all pages except @locked_page.
 *
 * When this function successfully creates an inline extent, it returns 1 and
 * unlocks all pages including locked_page and starts I/O on them.
 * (In reality inline extents are limited to a single page, so locked_page is
 * the only page handled anyway).
 *
 * When this function succeed and creates a normal extent, the page locking
 * status depends on the passed in flags:
 *
 * - If @keep_locked is set, all pages are kept locked.
 * - Else all pages except for @locked_page are unlocked.
 *
 * When a failure happens in the second or later iteration of the
 * while-loop, the ordered extents created in previous iterations are kept
 * intact. So, the caller must clean them up by calling
 * btrfs_cleanup_ordered_extents(). See btrfs_run_delalloc_range() for
 * example.
 */
static noinline int cow_file_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                   struct page *locked_page, u64 start, u64 end,
                                   u64 *done_offset,
                                   bool keep_locked, bool no_inline)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        u64 alloc_hint = 0;
        u64 orig_start = start;
        u64 num_bytes;
        unsigned long ram_size;
        u64 cur_alloc_size = 0;
        u64 min_alloc_size;
        u64 blocksize = fs_info->sectorsize;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        struct extent_map *em;
        unsigned clear_bits;
        unsigned long page_ops;
        bool extent_reserved = false;
        int ret = 0;

        if (btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode)) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        num_bytes = ALIGN(end - start + 1, blocksize);
        num_bytes = max(blocksize,  num_bytes);
        ASSERT(num_bytes <= btrfs_super_total_bytes(fs_info->super_copy));

        inode_should_defrag(inode, start, end, num_bytes, SZ_64K);

        /*
         * Due to the page size limit, for subpage we can only trigger the
         * writeback for the dirty sectors of page, that means data writeback
         * is doing more writeback than what we want.
         *
         * This is especially unexpected for some call sites like fallocate,
         * where we only increase i_size after everything is done.
         * This means we can trigger inline extent even if we didn't want to.
         * So here we skip inline extent creation completely.
         */
        if (start == 0 && fs_info->sectorsize == PAGE_SIZE && !no_inline) {
                u64 actual_end = min_t(u64, i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode),
                                       end + 1);

                /* lets try to make an inline extent */
                ret = cow_file_range_inline(inode, actual_end, 0,
                                            BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE, NULL, false);
                if (ret == 0) {
                        /*
                         * We use DO_ACCOUNTING here because we need the
                         * delalloc_release_metadata to be run _after_ we drop
                         * our outstanding extent for clearing delalloc for this
                         * range.
                         */
                        extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, end,
                                     locked_page,
                                     EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC |
                                     EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW | EXTENT_DEFRAG |
                                     EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING, PAGE_UNLOCK |
                                     PAGE_START_WRITEBACK | PAGE_END_WRITEBACK);
                        /*
                         * locked_page is locked by the caller of
                         * writepage_delalloc(), not locked by
                         * __process_pages_contig().
                         *
                         * We can't let __process_pages_contig() to unlock it,
                         * as it doesn't have any subpage::writers recorded.
                         *
                         * Here we manually unlock the page, since the caller
                         * can't determine if it's an inline extent or a
                         * compressed extent.
                         */
                        unlock_page(locked_page);
                        ret = 1;
                        goto done;
                } else if (ret < 0) {
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
        }

        alloc_hint = get_extent_allocation_hint(inode, start, num_bytes);

        /*
         * Relocation relies on the relocated extents to have exactly the same
         * size as the original extents. Normally writeback for relocation data
         * extents follows a NOCOW path because relocation preallocates the
         * extents. However, due to an operation such as scrub turning a block
         * group to RO mode, it may fallback to COW mode, so we must make sure
         * an extent allocated during COW has exactly the requested size and can
         * not be split into smaller extents, otherwise relocation breaks and
         * fails during the stage where it updates the bytenr of file extent
         * items.
         */
        if (btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root))
                min_alloc_size = num_bytes;
        else
                min_alloc_size = fs_info->sectorsize;

        while (num_bytes > 0) {
                struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;

                cur_alloc_size = num_bytes;
                ret = btrfs_reserve_extent(root, cur_alloc_size, cur_alloc_size,
                                           min_alloc_size, 0, alloc_hint,
                                           &ins, 1, 1);
                if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
                        /*
                         * btrfs_reserve_extent only returns -EAGAIN for zoned
                         * file systems, which is an indication that there are
                         * no active zones to allocate from at the moment.
                         *
                         * If this is the first loop iteration, wait for at
                         * least one zone to finish before retrying the
                         * allocation.  Otherwise ask the caller to write out
                         * the already allocated blocks before coming back to
                         * us, or return -ENOSPC if it can't handle retries.
                         */
                        ASSERT(btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info));
                        if (start == orig_start) {
                                wait_on_bit_io(&inode->root->fs_info->flags,
                                               BTRFS_FS_NEED_ZONE_FINISH,
                                               TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (done_offset) {
                                *done_offset = start - 1;
                                return 0;
                        }
                        ret = -ENOSPC;
                }
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out_unlock;
                cur_alloc_size = ins.offset;
                extent_reserved = true;

                ram_size = ins.offset;
                em = create_io_em(inode, start, ins.offset, /* len */
                                  start, /* orig_start */
                                  ins.objectid, /* block_start */
                                  ins.offset, /* block_len */
                                  ins.offset, /* orig_block_len */
                                  ram_size, /* ram_bytes */
                                  BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE, /* compress_type */
                                  BTRFS_ORDERED_REGULAR /* type */);
                if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                        goto out_reserve;
                }
                free_extent_map(em);

                ordered = btrfs_alloc_ordered_extent(inode, start, ram_size,
                                        ram_size, ins.objectid, cur_alloc_size,
                                        0, 1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_REGULAR,
                                        BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE);
                if (IS_ERR(ordered)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(ordered);
                        goto out_drop_extent_cache;
                }

                if (btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root)) {
                        ret = btrfs_reloc_clone_csums(ordered);

                        /*
                         * Only drop cache here, and process as normal.
                         *
                         * We must not allow extent_clear_unlock_delalloc()
                         * at out_unlock label to free meta of this ordered
                         * extent, as its meta should be freed by
                         * btrfs_finish_ordered_io().
                         *
                         * So we must continue until @start is increased to
                         * skip current ordered extent.
                         */
                        if (ret)
                                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, start,
                                                            start + ram_size - 1,
                                                            false);
                }
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);

                btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);

                /*
                 * We're not doing compressed IO, don't unlock the first page
                 * (which the caller expects to stay locked), don't clear any
                 * dirty bits and don't set any writeback bits
                 *
                 * Do set the Ordered (Private2) bit so we know this page was
                 * properly setup for writepage.
                 */
                page_ops = (keep_locked ? 0 : PAGE_UNLOCK);
                page_ops |= PAGE_SET_ORDERED;

                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, start + ram_size - 1,
                                             locked_page,
                                             EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC,
                                             page_ops);
                if (num_bytes < cur_alloc_size)
                        num_bytes = 0;
                else
                        num_bytes -= cur_alloc_size;
                alloc_hint = ins.objectid + ins.offset;
                start += cur_alloc_size;
                extent_reserved = false;

                /*
                 * btrfs_reloc_clone_csums() error, since start is increased
                 * extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() at out_unlock label won't
                 * free metadata of current ordered extent, we're OK to exit.
                 */
                if (ret)
                        goto out_unlock;
        }
done:
        if (done_offset)
                *done_offset = end;
        return ret;

out_drop_extent_cache:
        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, start, start + ram_size - 1, false);
out_reserve:
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);
        btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info, ins.objectid, ins.offset, 1);
out_unlock:
        /*
         * Now, we have three regions to clean up:
         *
         * |-------(1)----|---(2)---|-------------(3)----------|
         * `- orig_start  `- start  `- start + cur_alloc_size  `- end
         *
         * We process each region below.
         */

        clear_bits = EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW |
                EXTENT_DEFRAG | EXTENT_CLEAR_META_RESV;
        page_ops = PAGE_UNLOCK | PAGE_START_WRITEBACK | PAGE_END_WRITEBACK;

        /*
         * For the range (1). We have already instantiated the ordered extents
         * for this region. They are cleaned up by
         * btrfs_cleanup_ordered_extents() in e.g,
         * btrfs_run_delalloc_range(). EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DELALLOC are
         * already cleared in the above loop. And, EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW |
         * EXTENT_DEFRAG | EXTENT_CLEAR_META_RESV are handled by the cleanup
         * function.
         *
         * However, in case of @keep_locked, we still need to unlock the pages
         * (except @locked_page) to ensure all the pages are unlocked.
         */
        if (keep_locked && orig_start < start) {
                if (!locked_page)
                        mapping_set_error(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, ret);
                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, orig_start, start - 1,
                                             locked_page, 0, page_ops);
        }

        /*
         * For the range (2). If we reserved an extent for our delalloc range
         * (or a subrange) and failed to create the respective ordered extent,
         * then it means that when we reserved the extent we decremented the
         * extent's size from the data space_info's bytes_may_use counter and
         * incremented the space_info's bytes_reserved counter by the same
         * amount. We must make sure extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() does not try
         * to decrement again the data space_info's bytes_may_use counter,
         * therefore we do not pass it the flag EXTENT_CLEAR_DATA_RESV.
         */
        if (extent_reserved) {
                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start,
                                             start + cur_alloc_size - 1,
                                             locked_page,
                                             clear_bits,
                                             page_ops);
                start += cur_alloc_size;
        }

        /*
         * For the range (3). We never touched the region. In addition to the
         * clear_bits above, we add EXTENT_CLEAR_DATA_RESV to release the data
         * space_info's bytes_may_use counter, reserved in
         * btrfs_check_data_free_space().
         */
        if (start < end) {
                clear_bits |= EXTENT_CLEAR_DATA_RESV;
                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, start, end, locked_page,
                                             clear_bits, page_ops);
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Phase two of compressed writeback.  This is the ordered portion of the code,
 * which only gets called in the order the work was queued.  We walk all the
 * async extents created by compress_file_range and send them down to the disk.
 *
 * If called with @do_free == true then it'll try to finish the work and free
 * the work struct eventually.
 */
static noinline void submit_compressed_extents(struct btrfs_work *work, bool do_free)
{
        struct async_chunk *async_chunk = container_of(work, struct async_chunk,
                                                     work);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_work_owner(work);
        struct async_extent *async_extent;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        u64 alloc_hint = 0;

        if (do_free) {
                struct async_chunk *async_chunk;
                struct async_cow *async_cow;

                async_chunk = container_of(work, struct async_chunk, work);
                btrfs_add_delayed_iput(async_chunk->inode);
                if (async_chunk->blkcg_css)
                        css_put(async_chunk->blkcg_css);

                async_cow = async_chunk->async_cow;
                if (atomic_dec_and_test(&async_cow->num_chunks))
                        kvfree(async_cow);
                return;
        }

        nr_pages = (async_chunk->end - async_chunk->start + PAGE_SIZE) >>
                PAGE_SHIFT;

        while (!list_empty(&async_chunk->extents)) {
                async_extent = list_entry(async_chunk->extents.next,
                                          struct async_extent, list);
                list_del(&async_extent->list);
                submit_one_async_extent(async_chunk, async_extent, &alloc_hint);
        }

        /* atomic_sub_return implies a barrier */
        if (atomic_sub_return(nr_pages, &fs_info->async_delalloc_pages) <
            5 * SZ_1M)
                cond_wake_up_nomb(&fs_info->async_submit_wait);
}

static bool run_delalloc_compressed(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                    struct page *locked_page, u64 start,
                                    u64 end, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct cgroup_subsys_state *blkcg_css = wbc_blkcg_css(wbc);
        struct async_cow *ctx;
        struct async_chunk *async_chunk;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        u64 num_chunks = DIV_ROUND_UP(end - start, SZ_512K);
        int i;
        unsigned nofs_flag;
        const blk_opf_t write_flags = wbc_to_write_flags(wbc);

        nofs_flag = memalloc_nofs_save();
        ctx = kvmalloc(struct_size(ctx, chunks, num_chunks), GFP_KERNEL);
        memalloc_nofs_restore(nofs_flag);
        if (!ctx)
                return false;

        unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, start, end, NULL);
        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_HAS_ASYNC_EXTENT, &inode->runtime_flags);

        async_chunk = ctx->chunks;
        atomic_set(&ctx->num_chunks, num_chunks);

        for (i = 0; i < num_chunks; i++) {
                u64 cur_end = min(end, start + SZ_512K - 1);

                /*
                 * igrab is called higher up in the call chain, take only the
                 * lightweight reference for the callback lifetime
                 */
                ihold(&inode->vfs_inode);
                async_chunk[i].async_cow = ctx;
                async_chunk[i].inode = inode;
                async_chunk[i].start = start;
                async_chunk[i].end = cur_end;
                async_chunk[i].write_flags = write_flags;
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&async_chunk[i].extents);

                /*
                 * The locked_page comes all the way from writepage and its
                 * the original page we were actually given.  As we spread
                 * this large delalloc region across multiple async_chunk
                 * structs, only the first struct needs a pointer to locked_page
                 *
                 * This way we don't need racey decisions about who is supposed
                 * to unlock it.
                 */
                if (locked_page) {
                        /*
                         * Depending on the compressibility, the pages might or
                         * might not go through async.  We want all of them to
                         * be accounted against wbc once.  Let's do it here
                         * before the paths diverge.  wbc accounting is used
                         * only for foreign writeback detection and doesn't
                         * need full accuracy.  Just account the whole thing
                         * against the first page.
                         */
                        wbc_account_cgroup_owner(wbc, locked_page,
                                                 cur_end - start);
                        async_chunk[i].locked_page = locked_page;
                        locked_page = NULL;
                } else {
                        async_chunk[i].locked_page = NULL;
                }

                if (blkcg_css != blkcg_root_css) {
                        css_get(blkcg_css);
                        async_chunk[i].blkcg_css = blkcg_css;
                        async_chunk[i].write_flags |= REQ_BTRFS_CGROUP_PUNT;
                } else {
                        async_chunk[i].blkcg_css = NULL;
                }

                btrfs_init_work(&async_chunk[i].work, compress_file_range,
                                submit_compressed_extents);

                nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(cur_end - start, PAGE_SIZE);
                atomic_add(nr_pages, &fs_info->async_delalloc_pages);

                btrfs_queue_work(fs_info->delalloc_workers, &async_chunk[i].work);

                start = cur_end + 1;
        }
        return true;
}

/*
 * Run the delalloc range from start to end, and write back any dirty pages
 * covered by the range.
 */
static noinline int run_delalloc_cow(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                     struct page *locked_page, u64 start,
                                     u64 end, struct writeback_control *wbc,
                                     bool pages_dirty)
{
        u64 done_offset = end;
        int ret;

        while (start <= end) {
                ret = cow_file_range(inode, locked_page, start, end, &done_offset,
                                     true, false);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
                extent_write_locked_range(&inode->vfs_inode, locked_page, start,
                                          done_offset, wbc, pages_dirty);
                start = done_offset + 1;
        }

        return 1;
}

static noinline int csum_exist_in_range(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                        u64 bytenr, u64 num_bytes, bool nowait)
{
        struct btrfs_root *csum_root = btrfs_csum_root(fs_info, bytenr);
        struct btrfs_ordered_sum *sums;
        int ret;
        LIST_HEAD(list);

        ret = btrfs_lookup_csums_list(csum_root, bytenr, bytenr + num_bytes - 1,
                                      &list, 0, nowait);
        if (ret == 0 && list_empty(&list))
                return 0;

        while (!list_empty(&list)) {
                sums = list_entry(list.next, struct btrfs_ordered_sum, list);
                list_del(&sums->list);
                kfree(sums);
        }
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
        return 1;
}

static int fallback_to_cow(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct page *locked_page,
                           const u64 start, const u64 end)
{
        const bool is_space_ino = btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode);
        const bool is_reloc_ino = btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(inode->root);
        const u64 range_bytes = end + 1 - start;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        u64 range_start = start;
        u64 count;
        int ret;

        /*
         * If EXTENT_NORESERVE is set it means that when the buffered write was
         * made we had not enough available data space and therefore we did not
         * reserve data space for it, since we though we could do NOCOW for the
         * respective file range (either there is prealloc extent or the inode
         * has the NOCOW bit set).
         *
         * However when we need to fallback to COW mode (because for example the
         * block group for the corresponding extent was turned to RO mode by a
         * scrub or relocation) we need to do the following:
         *
         * 1) We increment the bytes_may_use counter of the data space info.
         *    If COW succeeds, it allocates a new data extent and after doing
         *    that it decrements the space info's bytes_may_use counter and
         *    increments its bytes_reserved counter by the same amount (we do
         *    this at btrfs_add_reserved_bytes()). So we need to increment the
         *    bytes_may_use counter to compensate (when space is reserved at
         *    buffered write time, the bytes_may_use counter is incremented);
         *
         * 2) We clear the EXTENT_NORESERVE bit from the range. We do this so
         *    that if the COW path fails for any reason, it decrements (through
         *    extent_clear_unlock_delalloc()) the bytes_may_use counter of the
         *    data space info, which we incremented in the step above.
         *
         * If we need to fallback to cow and the inode corresponds to a free
         * space cache inode or an inode of the data relocation tree, we must
         * also increment bytes_may_use of the data space_info for the same
         * reason. Space caches and relocated data extents always get a prealloc
         * extent for them, however scrub or balance may have set the block
         * group that contains that extent to RO mode and therefore force COW
         * when starting writeback.
         */
        count = count_range_bits(io_tree, &range_start, end, range_bytes,
                                 EXTENT_NORESERVE, 0, NULL);
        if (count > 0 || is_space_ino || is_reloc_ino) {
                u64 bytes = count;
                struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
                struct btrfs_space_info *sinfo = fs_info->data_sinfo;

                if (is_space_ino || is_reloc_ino)
                        bytes = range_bytes;

                spin_lock(&sinfo->lock);
                btrfs_space_info_update_bytes_may_use(fs_info, sinfo, bytes);
                spin_unlock(&sinfo->lock);

                if (count > 0)
                        clear_extent_bit(io_tree, start, end, EXTENT_NORESERVE,
                                         NULL);
        }

        /*
         * Don't try to create inline extents, as a mix of inline extent that
         * is written out and unlocked directly and a normal NOCOW extent
         * doesn't work.
         */
        ret = cow_file_range(inode, locked_page, start, end, NULL, false, true);
        ASSERT(ret != 1);
        return ret;
}

struct can_nocow_file_extent_args {
        /* Input fields. */

        /* Start file offset of the range we want to NOCOW. */
        u64 start;
        /* End file offset (inclusive) of the range we want to NOCOW. */
        u64 end;
        bool writeback_path;
        bool strict;
        /*
         * Free the path passed to can_nocow_file_extent() once it's not needed
         * anymore.
         */
        bool free_path;

        /* Output fields. Only set when can_nocow_file_extent() returns 1. */

        u64 disk_bytenr;
        u64 disk_num_bytes;
        u64 extent_offset;
        /* Number of bytes that can be written to in NOCOW mode. */
        u64 num_bytes;
};

/*
 * Check if we can NOCOW the file extent that the path points to.
 * This function may return with the path released, so the caller should check
 * if path->nodes[0] is NULL or not if it needs to use the path afterwards.
 *
 * Returns: < 0 on error
 *            0 if we can not NOCOW
 *            1 if we can NOCOW
 */
static int can_nocow_file_extent(struct btrfs_path *path,
                                 struct btrfs_key *key,
                                 struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                 struct can_nocow_file_extent_args *args)
{
        const bool is_freespace_inode = btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode);
        struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
        u64 extent_end;
        u8 extent_type;
        int can_nocow = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        bool nowait = path->nowait;

        fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0], struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        extent_type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi);

        if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE)
                goto out;

        /* Can't access these fields unless we know it's not an inline extent. */
        args->disk_bytenr = btrfs_file_extent_disk_bytenr(leaf, fi);
        args->disk_num_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(leaf, fi);
        args->extent_offset = btrfs_file_extent_offset(leaf, fi);

        if (!(inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW) &&
            extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG)
                goto out;

        /*
         * If the extent was created before the generation where the last snapshot
         * for its subvolume was created, then this implies the extent is shared,
         * hence we must COW.
         */
        if (!args->strict &&
            btrfs_file_extent_generation(leaf, fi) <=
            btrfs_root_last_snapshot(&root->root_item))
                goto out;

        /* An explicit hole, must COW. */
        if (args->disk_bytenr == 0)
                goto out;

        /* Compressed/encrypted/encoded extents must be COWed. */
        if (btrfs_file_extent_compression(leaf, fi) ||
            btrfs_file_extent_encryption(leaf, fi) ||
            btrfs_file_extent_other_encoding(leaf, fi))
                goto out;

        extent_end = btrfs_file_extent_end(path);

        /*
         * The following checks can be expensive, as they need to take other
         * locks and do btree or rbtree searches, so release the path to avoid
         * blocking other tasks for too long.
         */
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        ret = btrfs_cross_ref_exist(root, btrfs_ino(inode),
                                    key->offset - args->extent_offset,
                                    args->disk_bytenr, args->strict, path);
        WARN_ON_ONCE(ret > 0 && is_freespace_inode);
        if (ret != 0)
                goto out;

        if (args->free_path) {
                /*
                 * We don't need the path anymore, plus through the
                 * csum_exist_in_range() call below we will end up allocating
                 * another path. So free the path to avoid unnecessary extra
                 * memory usage.
                 */
                btrfs_free_path(path);
                path = NULL;
        }

        /* If there are pending snapshots for this root, we must COW. */
        if (args->writeback_path && !is_freespace_inode &&
            atomic_read(&root->snapshot_force_cow))
                goto out;

        args->disk_bytenr += args->extent_offset;
        args->disk_bytenr += args->start - key->offset;
        args->num_bytes = min(args->end + 1, extent_end) - args->start;

        /*
         * Force COW if csums exist in the range. This ensures that csums for a
         * given extent are either valid or do not exist.
         */
        ret = csum_exist_in_range(root->fs_info, args->disk_bytenr, args->num_bytes,
                                  nowait);
        WARN_ON_ONCE(ret > 0 && is_freespace_inode);
        if (ret != 0)
                goto out;

        can_nocow = 1;
 out:
        if (args->free_path && path)
                btrfs_free_path(path);

        return ret < 0 ? ret : can_nocow;
}

/*
 * when nowcow writeback call back.  This checks for snapshots or COW copies
 * of the extents that exist in the file, and COWs the file as required.
 *
 * If no cow copies or snapshots exist, we write directly to the existing
 * blocks on disk
 */
static noinline int run_delalloc_nocow(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                       struct page *locked_page,
                                       const u64 start, const u64 end)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        u64 cow_start = (u64)-1;
        u64 cur_offset = start;
        int ret;
        bool check_prev = true;
        u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
        struct can_nocow_file_extent_args nocow_args = { 0 };

        /*
         * Normally on a zoned device we're only doing COW writes, but in case
         * of relocation on a zoned filesystem serializes I/O so that we're only
         * writing sequentially and can end up here as well.
         */
        ASSERT(!btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info) || btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root));

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto error;
        }

        nocow_args.end = end;
        nocow_args.writeback_path = true;

        while (1) {
                struct btrfs_block_group *nocow_bg = NULL;
                struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
                struct btrfs_key found_key;
                struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
                struct extent_buffer *leaf;
                u64 extent_end;
                u64 ram_bytes;
                u64 nocow_end;
                int extent_type;
                bool is_prealloc;

                ret = btrfs_lookup_file_extent(NULL, root, path, ino,
                                               cur_offset, 0);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto error;

                /*
                 * If there is no extent for our range when doing the initial
                 * search, then go back to the previous slot as it will be the
                 * one containing the search offset
                 */
                if (ret > 0 && path->slots[0] > 0 && check_prev) {
                        leaf = path->nodes[0];
                        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key,
                                              path->slots[0] - 1);
                        if (found_key.objectid == ino &&
                            found_key.type == BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
                                path->slots[0]--;
                }
                check_prev = false;
next_slot:
                /* Go to next leaf if we have exhausted the current one */
                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
                        ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto error;
                        if (ret > 0)
                                break;
                        leaf = path->nodes[0];
                }

                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);

                /* Didn't find anything for our INO */
                if (found_key.objectid > ino)
                        break;
                /*
                 * Keep searching until we find an EXTENT_ITEM or there are no
                 * more extents for this inode
                 */
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(found_key.objectid < ino) ||
                    found_key.type < BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                        path->slots[0]++;
                        goto next_slot;
                }

                /* Found key is not EXTENT_DATA_KEY or starts after req range */
                if (found_key.type > BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY ||
                    found_key.offset > end)
                        break;

                /*
                 * If the found extent starts after requested offset, then
                 * adjust extent_end to be right before this extent begins
                 */
                if (found_key.offset > cur_offset) {
                        extent_end = found_key.offset;
                        extent_type = 0;
                        goto must_cow;
                }

                /*
                 * Found extent which begins before our range and potentially
                 * intersect it
                 */
                fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                                    struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
                extent_type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi);
                /* If this is triggered then we have a memory corruption. */
                ASSERT(extent_type < BTRFS_NR_FILE_EXTENT_TYPES);
                if (WARN_ON(extent_type >= BTRFS_NR_FILE_EXTENT_TYPES)) {
                        ret = -EUCLEAN;
                        goto error;
                }
                ram_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, fi);
                extent_end = btrfs_file_extent_end(path);

                /*
                 * If the extent we got ends before our current offset, skip to
                 * the next extent.
                 */
                if (extent_end <= cur_offset) {
                        path->slots[0]++;
                        goto next_slot;
                }

                nocow_args.start = cur_offset;
                ret = can_nocow_file_extent(path, &found_key, inode, &nocow_args);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto error;
                if (ret == 0)
                        goto must_cow;

                ret = 0;
                nocow_bg = btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(fs_info, nocow_args.disk_bytenr);
                if (!nocow_bg) {
must_cow:
                        /*
                         * If we can't perform NOCOW writeback for the range,
                         * then record the beginning of the range that needs to
                         * be COWed.  It will be written out before the next
                         * NOCOW range if we find one, or when exiting this
                         * loop.
                         */
                        if (cow_start == (u64)-1)
                                cow_start = cur_offset;
                        cur_offset = extent_end;
                        if (cur_offset > end)
                                break;
                        if (!path->nodes[0])
                                continue;
                        path->slots[0]++;
                        goto next_slot;
                }

                /*
                 * COW range from cow_start to found_key.offset - 1. As the key
                 * will contain the beginning of the first extent that can be
                 * NOCOW, following one which needs to be COW'ed
                 */
                if (cow_start != (u64)-1) {
                        ret = fallback_to_cow(inode, locked_page,
                                              cow_start, found_key.offset - 1);
                        cow_start = (u64)-1;
                        if (ret) {
                                btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(nocow_bg);
                                goto error;
                        }
                }

                nocow_end = cur_offset + nocow_args.num_bytes - 1;
                is_prealloc = extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC;
                if (is_prealloc) {
                        u64 orig_start = found_key.offset - nocow_args.extent_offset;
                        struct extent_map *em;

                        em = create_io_em(inode, cur_offset, nocow_args.num_bytes,
                                          orig_start,
                                          nocow_args.disk_bytenr, /* block_start */
                                          nocow_args.num_bytes, /* block_len */
                                          nocow_args.disk_num_bytes, /* orig_block_len */
                                          ram_bytes, BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE,
                                          BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC);
                        if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                                btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(nocow_bg);
                                ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                                goto error;
                        }
                        free_extent_map(em);
                }

                ordered = btrfs_alloc_ordered_extent(inode, cur_offset,
                                nocow_args.num_bytes, nocow_args.num_bytes,
                                nocow_args.disk_bytenr, nocow_args.num_bytes, 0,
                                is_prealloc
                                ? (1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC)
                                : (1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW),
                                BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE);
                btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(nocow_bg);
                if (IS_ERR(ordered)) {
                        if (is_prealloc) {
                                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, cur_offset,
                                                            nocow_end, false);
                        }
                        ret = PTR_ERR(ordered);
                        goto error;
                }

                if (btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root))
                        /*
                         * Error handled later, as we must prevent
                         * extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() in error handler
                         * from freeing metadata of created ordered extent.
                         */
                        ret = btrfs_reloc_clone_csums(ordered);
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);

                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, cur_offset, nocow_end,
                                             locked_page, EXTENT_LOCKED |
                                             EXTENT_DELALLOC |
                                             EXTENT_CLEAR_DATA_RESV,
                                             PAGE_UNLOCK | PAGE_SET_ORDERED);

                cur_offset = extent_end;

                /*
                 * btrfs_reloc_clone_csums() error, now we're OK to call error
                 * handler, as metadata for created ordered extent will only
                 * be freed by btrfs_finish_ordered_io().
                 */
                if (ret)
                        goto error;
                if (cur_offset > end)
                        break;
        }
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        if (cur_offset <= end && cow_start == (u64)-1)
                cow_start = cur_offset;

        if (cow_start != (u64)-1) {
                cur_offset = end;
                ret = fallback_to_cow(inode, locked_page, cow_start, end);
                cow_start = (u64)-1;
                if (ret)
                        goto error;
        }

        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return 0;

error:
        /*
         * If an error happened while a COW region is outstanding, cur_offset
         * needs to be reset to cow_start to ensure the COW region is unlocked
         * as well.
         */
        if (cow_start != (u64)-1)
                cur_offset = cow_start;
        if (cur_offset < end)
                extent_clear_unlock_delalloc(inode, cur_offset, end,
                                             locked_page, EXTENT_LOCKED |
                                             EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_DEFRAG |
                                             EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING, PAGE_UNLOCK |
                                             PAGE_START_WRITEBACK |
                                             PAGE_END_WRITEBACK);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

static bool should_nocow(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end)
{
        if (inode->flags & (BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW | BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC)) {
                if (inode->defrag_bytes &&
                    test_range_bit_exists(&inode->io_tree, start, end, EXTENT_DEFRAG))
                        return false;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/*
 * Function to process delayed allocation (create CoW) for ranges which are
 * being touched for the first time.
 */
int btrfs_run_delalloc_range(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct page *locked_page,
                             u64 start, u64 end, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        const bool zoned = btrfs_is_zoned(inode->root->fs_info);
        int ret;

        /*
         * The range must cover part of the @locked_page, or a return of 1
         * can confuse the caller.
         */
        ASSERT(!(end <= page_offset(locked_page) ||
                 start >= page_offset(locked_page) + PAGE_SIZE));

        if (should_nocow(inode, start, end)) {
                ret = run_delalloc_nocow(inode, locked_page, start, end);
                goto out;
        }

        if (btrfs_inode_can_compress(inode) &&
            inode_need_compress(inode, start, end) &&
            run_delalloc_compressed(inode, locked_page, start, end, wbc))
                return 1;

        if (zoned)
                ret = run_delalloc_cow(inode, locked_page, start, end, wbc,
                                       true);
        else
                ret = cow_file_range(inode, locked_page, start, end, NULL,
                                     false, false);

out:
        if (ret < 0)
                btrfs_cleanup_ordered_extents(inode, locked_page, start,
                                              end - start + 1);
        return ret;
}

void btrfs_split_delalloc_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                 struct extent_state *orig, u64 split)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        u64 size;

        lockdep_assert_held(&inode->io_tree.lock);

        /* not delalloc, ignore it */
        if (!(orig->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC))
                return;

        size = orig->end - orig->start + 1;
        if (size > fs_info->max_extent_size) {
                u32 num_extents;
                u64 new_size;

                /*
                 * See the explanation in btrfs_merge_delalloc_extent, the same
                 * applies here, just in reverse.
                 */
                new_size = orig->end - split + 1;
                num_extents = count_max_extents(fs_info, new_size);
                new_size = split - orig->start;
                num_extents += count_max_extents(fs_info, new_size);
                if (count_max_extents(fs_info, size) >= num_extents)
                        return;
        }

        spin_lock(&inode->lock);
        btrfs_mod_outstanding_extents(inode, 1);
        spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
}

/*
 * Handle merged delayed allocation extents so we can keep track of new extents
 * that are just merged onto old extents, such as when we are doing sequential
 * writes, so we can properly account for the metadata space we'll need.
 */
void btrfs_merge_delalloc_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct extent_state *new,
                                 struct extent_state *other)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        u64 new_size, old_size;
        u32 num_extents;

        lockdep_assert_held(&inode->io_tree.lock);

        /* not delalloc, ignore it */
        if (!(other->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC))
                return;

        if (new->start > other->start)
                new_size = new->end - other->start + 1;
        else
                new_size = other->end - new->start + 1;

        /* we're not bigger than the max, unreserve the space and go */
        if (new_size <= fs_info->max_extent_size) {
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                btrfs_mod_outstanding_extents(inode, -1);
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * We have to add up either side to figure out how many extents were
         * accounted for before we merged into one big extent.  If the number of
         * extents we accounted for is <= the amount we need for the new range
         * then we can return, otherwise drop.  Think of it like this
         *
         * [ 4k][MAX_SIZE]
         *
         * So we've grown the extent by a MAX_SIZE extent, this would mean we
         * need 2 outstanding extents, on one side we have 1 and the other side
         * we have 1 so they are == and we can return.  But in this case
         *
         * [MAX_SIZE+4k][MAX_SIZE+4k]
         *
         * Each range on their own accounts for 2 extents, but merged together
         * they are only 3 extents worth of accounting, so we need to drop in
         * this case.
         */
        old_size = other->end - other->start + 1;
        num_extents = count_max_extents(fs_info, old_size);
        old_size = new->end - new->start + 1;
        num_extents += count_max_extents(fs_info, old_size);
        if (count_max_extents(fs_info, new_size) >= num_extents)
                return;

        spin_lock(&inode->lock);
        btrfs_mod_outstanding_extents(inode, -1);
        spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
}

static void btrfs_add_delalloc_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;

        spin_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
        ASSERT(list_empty(&inode->delalloc_inodes));
        list_add_tail(&inode->delalloc_inodes, &root->delalloc_inodes);
        root->nr_delalloc_inodes++;
        if (root->nr_delalloc_inodes == 1) {
                spin_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
                ASSERT(list_empty(&root->delalloc_root));
                list_add_tail(&root->delalloc_root, &fs_info->delalloc_roots);
                spin_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&root->delalloc_lock);
}

void btrfs_del_delalloc_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;

        lockdep_assert_held(&root->delalloc_lock);

        /*
         * We may be called after the inode was already deleted from the list,
         * namely in the transaction abort path btrfs_destroy_delalloc_inodes(),
         * and then later through btrfs_clear_delalloc_extent() while the inode
         * still has ->delalloc_bytes > 0.
         */
        if (!list_empty(&inode->delalloc_inodes)) {
                list_del_init(&inode->delalloc_inodes);
                root->nr_delalloc_inodes--;
                if (!root->nr_delalloc_inodes) {
                        ASSERT(list_empty(&root->delalloc_inodes));
                        spin_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
                        ASSERT(!list_empty(&root->delalloc_root));
                        list_del_init(&root->delalloc_root);
                        spin_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
                }
        }
}

/*
 * Properly track delayed allocation bytes in the inode and to maintain the
 * list of inodes that have pending delalloc work to be done.
 */
void btrfs_set_delalloc_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct extent_state *state,
                               u32 bits)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;

        lockdep_assert_held(&inode->io_tree.lock);

        if ((bits & EXTENT_DEFRAG) && !(bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC))
                WARN_ON(1);
        /*
         * set_bit and clear bit hooks normally require _irqsave/restore
         * but in this case, we are only testing for the DELALLOC
         * bit, which is only set or cleared with irqs on
         */
        if (!(state->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC) && (bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC)) {
                u64 len = state->end + 1 - state->start;
                u64 prev_delalloc_bytes;
                u32 num_extents = count_max_extents(fs_info, len);

                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                btrfs_mod_outstanding_extents(inode, num_extents);
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);

                /* For sanity tests */
                if (btrfs_is_testing(fs_info))
                        return;

                percpu_counter_add_batch(&fs_info->delalloc_bytes, len,
                                         fs_info->delalloc_batch);
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                prev_delalloc_bytes = inode->delalloc_bytes;
                inode->delalloc_bytes += len;
                if (bits & EXTENT_DEFRAG)
                        inode->defrag_bytes += len;
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);

                /*
                 * We don't need to be under the protection of the inode's lock,
                 * because we are called while holding the inode's io_tree lock
                 * and are therefore protected against concurrent calls of this
                 * function and btrfs_clear_delalloc_extent().
                 */
                if (!btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode) && prev_delalloc_bytes == 0)
                        btrfs_add_delalloc_inode(inode);
        }

        if (!(state->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW) &&
            (bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW)) {
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                inode->new_delalloc_bytes += state->end + 1 - state->start;
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
        }
}

/*
 * Once a range is no longer delalloc this function ensures that proper
 * accounting happens.
 */
void btrfs_clear_delalloc_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                 struct extent_state *state, u32 bits)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        u64 len = state->end + 1 - state->start;
        u32 num_extents = count_max_extents(fs_info, len);

        lockdep_assert_held(&inode->io_tree.lock);

        if ((state->state & EXTENT_DEFRAG) && (bits & EXTENT_DEFRAG)) {
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                inode->defrag_bytes -= len;
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
        }

        /*
         * set_bit and clear bit hooks normally require _irqsave/restore
         * but in this case, we are only testing for the DELALLOC
         * bit, which is only set or cleared with irqs on
         */
        if ((state->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC) && (bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC)) {
                struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
                u64 new_delalloc_bytes;

                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                btrfs_mod_outstanding_extents(inode, -num_extents);
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);

                /*
                 * We don't reserve metadata space for space cache inodes so we
                 * don't need to call delalloc_release_metadata if there is an
                 * error.
                 */
                if (bits & EXTENT_CLEAR_META_RESV &&
                    root != fs_info->tree_root)
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(inode, len, false);

                /* For sanity tests. */
                if (btrfs_is_testing(fs_info))
                        return;

                if (!btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root) &&
                    !btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode) &&
                    !(state->state & EXTENT_NORESERVE) &&
                    (bits & EXTENT_CLEAR_DATA_RESV))
                        btrfs_free_reserved_data_space_noquota(fs_info, len);

                percpu_counter_add_batch(&fs_info->delalloc_bytes, -len,
                                         fs_info->delalloc_batch);
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                inode->delalloc_bytes -= len;
                new_delalloc_bytes = inode->delalloc_bytes;
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);

                /*
                 * We don't need to be under the protection of the inode's lock,
                 * because we are called while holding the inode's io_tree lock
                 * and are therefore protected against concurrent calls of this
                 * function and btrfs_set_delalloc_extent().
                 */
                if (!btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode) && new_delalloc_bytes == 0) {
                        spin_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
                        btrfs_del_delalloc_inode(inode);
                        spin_unlock(&root->delalloc_lock);
                }
        }

        if ((state->state & EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW) &&
            (bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW)) {
                spin_lock(&inode->lock);
                ASSERT(inode->new_delalloc_bytes >= len);
                inode->new_delalloc_bytes -= len;
                if (bits & EXTENT_ADD_INODE_BYTES)
                        inode_add_bytes(&inode->vfs_inode, len);
                spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
        }
}

static int btrfs_extract_ordered_extent(struct btrfs_bio *bbio,
                                        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered)
{
        u64 start = (u64)bbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector << SECTOR_SHIFT;
        u64 len = bbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_size;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *new;
        int ret;

        /* Must always be called for the beginning of an ordered extent. */
        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(start != ordered->disk_bytenr))
                return -EINVAL;

        /* No need to split if the ordered extent covers the entire bio. */
        if (ordered->disk_num_bytes == len) {
                refcount_inc(&ordered->refs);
                bbio->ordered = ordered;
                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * Don't split the extent_map for NOCOW extents, as we're writing into
         * a pre-existing one.
         */
        if (!test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW, &ordered->flags)) {
                ret = split_extent_map(bbio->inode, bbio->file_offset,
                                       ordered->num_bytes, len,
                                       ordered->disk_bytenr);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        new = btrfs_split_ordered_extent(ordered, len);
        if (IS_ERR(new))
                return PTR_ERR(new);
        bbio->ordered = new;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * given a list of ordered sums record them in the inode.  This happens
 * at IO completion time based on sums calculated at bio submission time.
 */
static int add_pending_csums(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                             struct list_head *list)
{
        struct btrfs_ordered_sum *sum;
        struct btrfs_root *csum_root = NULL;
        int ret;

        list_for_each_entry(sum, list, list) {
                trans->adding_csums = true;
                if (!csum_root)
                        csum_root = btrfs_csum_root(trans->fs_info,
                                                    sum->logical);
                ret = btrfs_csum_file_blocks(trans, csum_root, sum);
                trans->adding_csums = false;
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int btrfs_find_new_delalloc_bytes(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                         const u64 start,
                                         const u64 len,
                                         struct extent_state **cached_state)
{
        u64 search_start = start;
        const u64 end = start + len - 1;

        while (search_start < end) {
                const u64 search_len = end - search_start + 1;
                struct extent_map *em;
                u64 em_len;
                int ret = 0;

                em = btrfs_get_extent(inode, NULL, search_start, search_len);
                if (IS_ERR(em))
                        return PTR_ERR(em);

                if (em->block_start != EXTENT_MAP_HOLE)
                        goto next;

                em_len = em->len;
                if (em->start < search_start)
                        em_len -= search_start - em->start;
                if (em_len > search_len)
                        em_len = search_len;

                ret = set_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, search_start,
                                     search_start + em_len - 1,
                                     EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW, cached_state);
next:
                search_start = extent_map_end(em);
                free_extent_map(em);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }
        return 0;
}

int btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end,
                              unsigned int extra_bits,
                              struct extent_state **cached_state)
{
        WARN_ON(PAGE_ALIGNED(end));

        if (start >= i_size_read(&inode->vfs_inode) &&
            !(inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC)) {
                /*
                 * There can't be any extents following eof in this case so just
                 * set the delalloc new bit for the range directly.
                 */
                extra_bits |= EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW;
        } else {
                int ret;

                ret = btrfs_find_new_delalloc_bytes(inode, start,
                                                    end + 1 - start,
                                                    cached_state);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return set_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, start, end,
                              EXTENT_DELALLOC | extra_bits, cached_state);
}

/* see btrfs_writepage_start_hook for details on why this is required */
struct btrfs_writepage_fixup {
        struct page *page;
        struct btrfs_inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_work work;
};

static void btrfs_writepage_fixup_worker(struct btrfs_work *work)
{
        struct btrfs_writepage_fixup *fixup =
                container_of(work, struct btrfs_writepage_fixup, work);
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
        struct page *page = fixup->page;
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = fixup->inode;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        u64 page_start = page_offset(page);
        u64 page_end = page_offset(page) + PAGE_SIZE - 1;
        int ret = 0;
        bool free_delalloc_space = true;

        /*
         * This is similar to page_mkwrite, we need to reserve the space before
         * we take the page lock.
         */
        ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_space(inode, &data_reserved, page_start,
                                           PAGE_SIZE);
again:
        lock_page(page);

        /*
         * Before we queued this fixup, we took a reference on the page.
         * page->mapping may go NULL, but it shouldn't be moved to a different
         * address space.
         */
        if (!page->mapping || !PageDirty(page) || !PageChecked(page)) {
                /*
                 * Unfortunately this is a little tricky, either
                 *
                 * 1) We got here and our page had already been dealt with and
                 *    we reserved our space, thus ret == 0, so we need to just
                 *    drop our space reservation and bail.  This can happen the
                 *    first time we come into the fixup worker, or could happen
                 *    while waiting for the ordered extent.
                 * 2) Our page was already dealt with, but we happened to get an
                 *    ENOSPC above from the btrfs_delalloc_reserve_space.  In
                 *    this case we obviously don't have anything to release, but
                 *    because the page was already dealt with we don't want to
                 *    mark the page with an error, so make sure we're resetting
                 *    ret to 0.  This is why we have this check _before_ the ret
                 *    check, because we do not want to have a surprise ENOSPC
                 *    when the page was already properly dealt with.
                 */
                if (!ret) {
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, PAGE_SIZE);
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_space(inode, data_reserved,
                                                     page_start, PAGE_SIZE,
                                                     true);
                }
                ret = 0;
                goto out_page;
        }

        /*
         * We can't mess with the page state unless it is locked, so now that
         * it is locked bail if we failed to make our space reservation.
         */
        if (ret)
                goto out_page;

        lock_extent(&inode->io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);

        /* already ordered? We're done */
        if (PageOrdered(page))
                goto out_reserved;

        ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(inode, page_start, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (ordered) {
                unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, page_start, page_end,
                              &cached_state);
                unlock_page(page);
                btrfs_start_ordered_extent(ordered);
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                goto again;
        }

        ret = btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(inode, page_start, page_end, 0,
                                        &cached_state);
        if (ret)
                goto out_reserved;

        /*
         * Everything went as planned, we're now the owner of a dirty page with
         * delayed allocation bits set and space reserved for our COW
         * destination.
         *
         * The page was dirty when we started, nothing should have cleaned it.
         */
        BUG_ON(!PageDirty(page));
        free_delalloc_space = false;
out_reserved:
        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, PAGE_SIZE);
        if (free_delalloc_space)
                btrfs_delalloc_release_space(inode, data_reserved, page_start,
                                             PAGE_SIZE, true);
        unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
out_page:
        if (ret) {
                /*
                 * We hit ENOSPC or other errors.  Update the mapping and page
                 * to reflect the errors and clean the page.
                 */
                mapping_set_error(page->mapping, ret);
                btrfs_mark_ordered_io_finished(inode, page, page_start,
                                               PAGE_SIZE, !ret);
                clear_page_dirty_for_io(page);
        }
        btrfs_folio_clear_checked(fs_info, page_folio(page), page_start, PAGE_SIZE);
        unlock_page(page);
        put_page(page);
        kfree(fixup);
        extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
        /*
         * As a precaution, do a delayed iput in case it would be the last iput
         * that could need flushing space. Recursing back to fixup worker would
         * deadlock.
         */
        btrfs_add_delayed_iput(inode);
}

/*
 * There are a few paths in the higher layers of the kernel that directly
 * set the page dirty bit without asking the filesystem if it is a
 * good idea.  This causes problems because we want to make sure COW
 * properly happens and the data=ordered rules are followed.
 *
 * In our case any range that doesn't have the ORDERED bit set
 * hasn't been properly setup for IO.  We kick off an async process
 * to fix it up.  The async helper will wait for ordered extents, set
 * the delalloc bit and make it safe to write the page.
 */
int btrfs_writepage_cow_fixup(struct page *page)
{
        struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct btrfs_writepage_fixup *fixup;

        /* This page has ordered extent covering it already */
        if (PageOrdered(page))
                return 0;

        /*
         * PageChecked is set below when we create a fixup worker for this page,
         * don't try to create another one if we're already PageChecked()
         *
         * The extent_io writepage code will redirty the page if we send back
         * EAGAIN.
         */
        if (PageChecked(page))
                return -EAGAIN;

        fixup = kzalloc(sizeof(*fixup), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!fixup)
                return -EAGAIN;

        /*
         * We are already holding a reference to this inode from
         * write_cache_pages.  We need to hold it because the space reservation
         * takes place outside of the page lock, and we can't trust
         * page->mapping outside of the page lock.
         */
        ihold(inode);
        btrfs_folio_set_checked(fs_info, page_folio(page), page_offset(page), PAGE_SIZE);
        get_page(page);
        btrfs_init_work(&fixup->work, btrfs_writepage_fixup_worker, NULL);
        fixup->page = page;
        fixup->inode = BTRFS_I(inode);
        btrfs_queue_work(fs_info->fixup_workers, &fixup->work);

        return -EAGAIN;
}

static int insert_reserved_file_extent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                       struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 file_pos,
                                       struct btrfs_file_extent_item *stack_fi,
                                       const bool update_inode_bytes,
                                       u64 qgroup_reserved)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        const u64 sectorsize = root->fs_info->sectorsize;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        u64 disk_num_bytes = btrfs_stack_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(stack_fi);
        u64 disk_bytenr = btrfs_stack_file_extent_disk_bytenr(stack_fi);
        u64 offset = btrfs_stack_file_extent_offset(stack_fi);
        u64 num_bytes = btrfs_stack_file_extent_num_bytes(stack_fi);
        u64 ram_bytes = btrfs_stack_file_extent_ram_bytes(stack_fi);
        struct btrfs_drop_extents_args drop_args = { 0 };
        int ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        /*
         * we may be replacing one extent in the tree with another.
         * The new extent is pinned in the extent map, and we don't want
         * to drop it from the cache until it is completely in the btree.
         *
         * So, tell btrfs_drop_extents to leave this extent in the cache.
         * the caller is expected to unpin it and allow it to be merged
         * with the others.
         */
        drop_args.path = path;
        drop_args.start = file_pos;
        drop_args.end = file_pos + num_bytes;
        drop_args.replace_extent = true;
        drop_args.extent_item_size = sizeof(*stack_fi);
        ret = btrfs_drop_extents(trans, root, inode, &drop_args);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        if (!drop_args.extent_inserted) {
                ins.objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
                ins.offset = file_pos;
                ins.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;

                ret = btrfs_insert_empty_item(trans, root, path, &ins,
                                              sizeof(*stack_fi));
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
        }
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_generation(stack_fi, trans->transid);
        write_extent_buffer(leaf, stack_fi,
                        btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]),
                        sizeof(struct btrfs_file_extent_item));

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        /*
         * If we dropped an inline extent here, we know the range where it is
         * was not marked with the EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW bit, so we update the
         * number of bytes only for that range containing the inline extent.
         * The remaining of the range will be processed when clearning the
         * EXTENT_DELALLOC_BIT bit through the ordered extent completion.
         */
        if (file_pos == 0 && !IS_ALIGNED(drop_args.bytes_found, sectorsize)) {
                u64 inline_size = round_down(drop_args.bytes_found, sectorsize);

                inline_size = drop_args.bytes_found - inline_size;
                btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, sectorsize, inline_size);
                drop_args.bytes_found -= inline_size;
                num_bytes -= sectorsize;
        }

        if (update_inode_bytes)
                btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, num_bytes, drop_args.bytes_found);

        ins.objectid = disk_bytenr;
        ins.offset = disk_num_bytes;
        ins.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY;

        ret = btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(inode, file_pos, ram_bytes);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        ret = btrfs_alloc_reserved_file_extent(trans, root, btrfs_ino(inode),
                                               file_pos - offset,
                                               qgroup_reserved, &ins);
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);

        return ret;
}

static void btrfs_release_delalloc_bytes(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                         u64 start, u64 len)
{
        struct btrfs_block_group *cache;

        cache = btrfs_lookup_block_group(fs_info, start);
        ASSERT(cache);

        spin_lock(&cache->lock);
        cache->delalloc_bytes -= len;
        spin_unlock(&cache->lock);

        btrfs_put_block_group(cache);
}

static int insert_ordered_extent_file_extent(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                             struct btrfs_ordered_extent *oe)
{
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item stack_fi;
        bool update_inode_bytes;
        u64 num_bytes = oe->num_bytes;
        u64 ram_bytes = oe->ram_bytes;

        memset(&stack_fi, 0, sizeof(stack_fi));
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_type(&stack_fi, BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_disk_bytenr(&stack_fi, oe->disk_bytenr);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(&stack_fi,
                                                   oe->disk_num_bytes);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_offset(&stack_fi, oe->offset);
        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_TRUNCATED, &oe->flags)) {
                num_bytes = oe->truncated_len;
                ram_bytes = num_bytes;
        }
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_num_bytes(&stack_fi, num_bytes);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_ram_bytes(&stack_fi, ram_bytes);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_compression(&stack_fi, oe->compress_type);
        /* Encryption and other encoding is reserved and all 0 */

        /*
         * For delalloc, when completing an ordered extent we update the inode's
         * bytes when clearing the range in the inode's io tree, so pass false
         * as the argument 'update_inode_bytes' to insert_reserved_file_extent(),
         * except if the ordered extent was truncated.
         */
        update_inode_bytes = test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_DIRECT, &oe->flags) ||
                             test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_ENCODED, &oe->flags) ||
                             test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_TRUNCATED, &oe->flags);

        return insert_reserved_file_extent(trans, BTRFS_I(oe->inode),
                                           oe->file_offset, &stack_fi,
                                           update_inode_bytes, oe->qgroup_rsv);
}

/*
 * As ordered data IO finishes, this gets called so we can finish
 * an ordered extent if the range of bytes in the file it covers are
 * fully written.
 */
int btrfs_finish_one_ordered(struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered_extent)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(ordered_extent->inode);
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans = NULL;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        u64 start, end;
        int compress_type = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        u64 logical_len = ordered_extent->num_bytes;
        bool freespace_inode;
        bool truncated = false;
        bool clear_reserved_extent = true;
        unsigned int clear_bits = EXTENT_DEFRAG;

        start = ordered_extent->file_offset;
        end = start + ordered_extent->num_bytes - 1;

        if (!test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW, &ordered_extent->flags) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC, &ordered_extent->flags) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_DIRECT, &ordered_extent->flags) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_ENCODED, &ordered_extent->flags))
                clear_bits |= EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW;

        freespace_inode = btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode);
        if (!freespace_inode)
                btrfs_lockdep_acquire(fs_info, btrfs_ordered_extent);

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR, &ordered_extent->flags)) {
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }

        if (btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info))
                btrfs_zone_finish_endio(fs_info, ordered_extent->disk_bytenr,
                                        ordered_extent->disk_num_bytes);

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_TRUNCATED, &ordered_extent->flags)) {
                truncated = true;
                logical_len = ordered_extent->truncated_len;
                /* Truncated the entire extent, don't bother adding */
                if (!logical_len)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW, &ordered_extent->flags)) {
                BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ordered_extent->list)); /* Logic error */

                btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(inode, 0);
                if (freespace_inode)
                        trans = btrfs_join_transaction_spacecache(root);
                else
                        trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
                if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                        trans = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }
                trans->block_rsv = &inode->block_rsv;
                ret = btrfs_update_inode_fallback(trans, inode);
                if (ret) /* -ENOMEM or corruption */
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        clear_bits |= EXTENT_LOCKED;
        lock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);

        if (freespace_inode)
                trans = btrfs_join_transaction_spacecache(root);
        else
                trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                trans = NULL;
                goto out;
        }

        trans->block_rsv = &inode->block_rsv;

        ret = btrfs_insert_raid_extent(trans, ordered_extent);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED, &ordered_extent->flags))
                compress_type = ordered_extent->compress_type;
        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC, &ordered_extent->flags)) {
                BUG_ON(compress_type);
                ret = btrfs_mark_extent_written(trans, inode,
                                                ordered_extent->file_offset,
                                                ordered_extent->file_offset +
                                                logical_len);
                btrfs_zoned_release_data_reloc_bg(fs_info, ordered_extent->disk_bytenr,
                                                  ordered_extent->disk_num_bytes);
        } else {
                BUG_ON(root == fs_info->tree_root);
                ret = insert_ordered_extent_file_extent(trans, ordered_extent);
                if (!ret) {
                        clear_reserved_extent = false;
                        btrfs_release_delalloc_bytes(fs_info,
                                                ordered_extent->disk_bytenr,
                                                ordered_extent->disk_num_bytes);
                }
        }
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        ret = unpin_extent_cache(inode, ordered_extent->file_offset,
                                 ordered_extent->num_bytes, trans->transid);
        if (ret < 0) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        ret = add_pending_csums(trans, &ordered_extent->list);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * If this is a new delalloc range, clear its new delalloc flag to
         * update the inode's number of bytes. This needs to be done first
         * before updating the inode item.
         */
        if ((clear_bits & EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_TRUNCATED, &ordered_extent->flags))
                clear_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, start, end,
                                 EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW | EXTENT_ADD_INODE_BYTES,
                                 &cached_state);

        btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(inode, 0);
        ret = btrfs_update_inode_fallback(trans, inode);
        if (ret) { /* -ENOMEM or corruption */
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }
        ret = 0;
out:
        clear_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, start, end, clear_bits,
                         &cached_state);

        if (trans)
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);

        if (ret || truncated) {
                u64 unwritten_start = start;

                /*
                 * If we failed to finish this ordered extent for any reason we
                 * need to make sure BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR is set on the ordered
                 * extent, and mark the inode with the error if it wasn't
                 * already set.  Any error during writeback would have already
                 * set the mapping error, so we need to set it if we're the ones
                 * marking this ordered extent as failed.
                 */
                if (ret && !test_and_set_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR,
                                             &ordered_extent->flags))
                        mapping_set_error(ordered_extent->inode->i_mapping, -EIO);

                if (truncated)
                        unwritten_start += logical_len;
                clear_extent_uptodate(io_tree, unwritten_start, end, NULL);

                /*
                 * Drop extent maps for the part of the extent we didn't write.
                 *
                 * We have an exception here for the free_space_inode, this is
                 * because when we do btrfs_get_extent() on the free space inode
                 * we will search the commit root.  If this is a new block group
                 * we won't find anything, and we will trip over the assert in
                 * writepage where we do ASSERT(em->block_start !=
                 * EXTENT_MAP_HOLE).
                 *
                 * Theoretically we could also skip this for any NOCOW extent as
                 * we don't mess with the extent map tree in the NOCOW case, but
                 * for now simply skip this if we are the free space inode.
                 */
                if (!btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode))
                        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, unwritten_start,
                                                    end, false);

                /*
                 * If the ordered extent had an IOERR or something else went
                 * wrong we need to return the space for this ordered extent
                 * back to the allocator.  We only free the extent in the
                 * truncated case if we didn't write out the extent at all.
                 *
                 * If we made it past insert_reserved_file_extent before we
                 * errored out then we don't need to do this as the accounting
                 * has already been done.
                 */
                if ((ret || !logical_len) &&
                    clear_reserved_extent &&
                    !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW, &ordered_extent->flags) &&
                    !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC, &ordered_extent->flags)) {
                        /*
                         * Discard the range before returning it back to the
                         * free space pool
                         */
                        if (ret && btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, DISCARD_SYNC))
                                btrfs_discard_extent(fs_info,
                                                ordered_extent->disk_bytenr,
                                                ordered_extent->disk_num_bytes,
                                                NULL);
                        btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info,
                                        ordered_extent->disk_bytenr,
                                        ordered_extent->disk_num_bytes, 1);
                        /*
                         * Actually free the qgroup rsv which was released when
                         * the ordered extent was created.
                         */
                        btrfs_qgroup_free_refroot(fs_info, inode->root->root_key.objectid,
                                                  ordered_extent->qgroup_rsv,
                                                  BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_DATA);
                }
        }

        /*
         * This needs to be done to make sure anybody waiting knows we are done
         * updating everything for this ordered extent.
         */
        btrfs_remove_ordered_extent(inode, ordered_extent);

        /* once for us */
        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered_extent);
        /* once for the tree */
        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered_extent);

        return ret;
}

int btrfs_finish_ordered_io(struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered)
{
        if (btrfs_is_zoned(inode_to_fs_info(ordered->inode)) &&
            !test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_IOERR, &ordered->flags) &&
            list_empty(&ordered->bioc_list))
                btrfs_finish_ordered_zoned(ordered);
        return btrfs_finish_one_ordered(ordered);
}

/*
 * Verify the checksum for a single sector without any extra action that depend
 * on the type of I/O.
 */
int btrfs_check_sector_csum(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, struct page *page,
                            u32 pgoff, u8 *csum, const u8 * const csum_expected)
{
        SHASH_DESC_ON_STACK(shash, fs_info->csum_shash);
        char *kaddr;

        ASSERT(pgoff + fs_info->sectorsize <= PAGE_SIZE);

        shash->tfm = fs_info->csum_shash;

        kaddr = kmap_local_page(page) + pgoff;
        crypto_shash_digest(shash, kaddr, fs_info->sectorsize, csum);
        kunmap_local(kaddr);

        if (memcmp(csum, csum_expected, fs_info->csum_size))
                return -EIO;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Verify the checksum of a single data sector.
 *
 * @bbio:       btrfs_io_bio which contains the csum
 * @dev:        device the sector is on
 * @bio_offset: offset to the beginning of the bio (in bytes)
 * @bv:         bio_vec to check
 *
 * Check if the checksum on a data block is valid.  When a checksum mismatch is
 * detected, report the error and fill the corrupted range with zero.
 *
 * Return %true if the sector is ok or had no checksum to start with, else %false.
 */
bool btrfs_data_csum_ok(struct btrfs_bio *bbio, struct btrfs_device *dev,
                        u32 bio_offset, struct bio_vec *bv)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = bbio->inode;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        u64 file_offset = bbio->file_offset + bio_offset;
        u64 end = file_offset + bv->bv_len - 1;
        u8 *csum_expected;
        u8 csum[BTRFS_CSUM_SIZE];

        ASSERT(bv->bv_len == fs_info->sectorsize);

        if (!bbio->csum)
                return true;

        if (btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(inode->root) &&
            test_range_bit(&inode->io_tree, file_offset, end, EXTENT_NODATASUM,
                           NULL)) {
                /* Skip the range without csum for data reloc inode */
                clear_extent_bits(&inode->io_tree, file_offset, end,
                                  EXTENT_NODATASUM);
                return true;
        }

        csum_expected = bbio->csum + (bio_offset >> fs_info->sectorsize_bits) *
                                fs_info->csum_size;
        if (btrfs_check_sector_csum(fs_info, bv->bv_page, bv->bv_offset, csum,
                                    csum_expected))
                goto zeroit;
        return true;

zeroit:
        btrfs_print_data_csum_error(inode, file_offset, csum, csum_expected,
                                    bbio->mirror_num);
        if (dev)
                btrfs_dev_stat_inc_and_print(dev, BTRFS_DEV_STAT_CORRUPTION_ERRS);
        memzero_bvec(bv);
        return false;
}

/*
 * Perform a delayed iput on @inode.
 *
 * @inode: The inode we want to perform iput on
 *
 * This function uses the generic vfs_inode::i_count to track whether we should
 * just decrement it (in case it's > 1) or if this is the last iput then link
 * the inode to the delayed iput machinery. Delayed iputs are processed at
 * transaction commit time/superblock commit/cleaner kthread.
 */
void btrfs_add_delayed_iput(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (atomic_add_unless(&inode->vfs_inode.i_count, -1, 1))
                return;

        atomic_inc(&fs_info->nr_delayed_iputs);
        /*
         * Need to be irq safe here because we can be called from either an irq
         * context (see bio.c and btrfs_put_ordered_extent()) or a non-irq
         * context.
         */
        spin_lock_irqsave(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock, flags);
        ASSERT(list_empty(&inode->delayed_iput));
        list_add_tail(&inode->delayed_iput, &fs_info->delayed_iputs);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock, flags);
        if (!test_bit(BTRFS_FS_CLEANER_RUNNING, &fs_info->flags))
                wake_up_process(fs_info->cleaner_kthread);
}

static void run_delayed_iput_locked(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                    struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        list_del_init(&inode->delayed_iput);
        spin_unlock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
        iput(&inode->vfs_inode);
        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&fs_info->nr_delayed_iputs))
                wake_up(&fs_info->delayed_iputs_wait);
        spin_lock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
}

static void btrfs_run_delayed_iput(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                   struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        if (!list_empty(&inode->delayed_iput)) {
                spin_lock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
                if (!list_empty(&inode->delayed_iput))
                        run_delayed_iput_locked(fs_info, inode);
                spin_unlock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
        }
}

void btrfs_run_delayed_iputs(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info)
{
        /*
         * btrfs_put_ordered_extent() can run in irq context (see bio.c), which
         * calls btrfs_add_delayed_iput() and that needs to lock
         * fs_info->delayed_iput_lock. So we need to disable irqs here to
         * prevent a deadlock.
         */
        spin_lock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
        while (!list_empty(&fs_info->delayed_iputs)) {
                struct btrfs_inode *inode;

                inode = list_first_entry(&fs_info->delayed_iputs,
                                struct btrfs_inode, delayed_iput);
                run_delayed_iput_locked(fs_info, inode);
                if (need_resched()) {
                        spin_unlock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
                        cond_resched();
                        spin_lock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
                }
        }
        spin_unlock_irq(&fs_info->delayed_iput_lock);
}

/*
 * Wait for flushing all delayed iputs
 *
 * @fs_info:  the filesystem
 *
 * This will wait on any delayed iputs that are currently running with KILLABLE
 * set.  Once they are all done running we will return, unless we are killed in
 * which case we return EINTR. This helps in user operations like fallocate etc
 * that might get blocked on the iputs.
 *
 * Return EINTR if we were killed, 0 if nothing's pending
 */
int btrfs_wait_on_delayed_iputs(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info)
{
        int ret = wait_event_killable(fs_info->delayed_iputs_wait,
                        atomic_read(&fs_info->nr_delayed_iputs) == 0);
        if (ret)
                return -EINTR;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * This creates an orphan entry for the given inode in case something goes wrong
 * in the middle of an unlink.
 */
int btrfs_orphan_add(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                     struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        int ret;

        ret = btrfs_insert_orphan_item(trans, inode->root, btrfs_ino(inode));
        if (ret && ret != -EEXIST) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * We have done the delete so we can go ahead and remove the orphan item for
 * this particular inode.
 */
static int btrfs_orphan_del(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                            struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        return btrfs_del_orphan_item(trans, inode->root, btrfs_ino(inode));
}

/*
 * this cleans up any orphans that may be left on the list from the last use
 * of this root.
 */
int btrfs_orphan_cleanup(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_key key, found_key;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct inode *inode;
        u64 last_objectid = 0;
        int ret = 0, nr_unlink = 0;

        if (test_and_set_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_ORPHAN_CLEANUP, &root->state))
                return 0;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }
        path->reada = READA_BACK;

        key.objectid = BTRFS_ORPHAN_OBJECTID;
        key.type = BTRFS_ORPHAN_ITEM_KEY;
        key.offset = (u64)-1;

        while (1) {
                ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &key, path, 0, 0);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;

                /*
                 * if ret == 0 means we found what we were searching for, which
                 * is weird, but possible, so only screw with path if we didn't
                 * find the key and see if we have stuff that matches
                 */
                if (ret > 0) {
                        ret = 0;
                        if (path->slots[0] == 0)
                                break;
                        path->slots[0]--;
                }

                /* pull out the item */
                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);

                /* make sure the item matches what we want */
                if (found_key.objectid != BTRFS_ORPHAN_OBJECTID)
                        break;
                if (found_key.type != BTRFS_ORPHAN_ITEM_KEY)
                        break;

                /* release the path since we're done with it */
                btrfs_release_path(path);

                /*
                 * this is where we are basically btrfs_lookup, without the
                 * crossing root thing.  we store the inode number in the
                 * offset of the orphan item.
                 */

                if (found_key.offset == last_objectid) {
                        /*
                         * We found the same inode as before. This means we were
                         * not able to remove its items via eviction triggered
                         * by an iput(). A transaction abort may have happened,
                         * due to -ENOSPC for example, so try to grab the error
                         * that lead to a transaction abort, if any.
                         */
                        btrfs_err(fs_info,
                                  "Error removing orphan entry, stopping orphan cleanup");
                        ret = BTRFS_FS_ERROR(fs_info) ?: -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                last_objectid = found_key.offset;

                found_key.objectid = found_key.offset;
                found_key.type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
                found_key.offset = 0;
                inode = btrfs_iget(fs_info->sb, last_objectid, root);
                if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(inode);
                        inode = NULL;
                        if (ret != -ENOENT)
                                goto out;
                }

                if (!inode && root == fs_info->tree_root) {
                        struct btrfs_root *dead_root;
                        int is_dead_root = 0;

                        /*
                         * This is an orphan in the tree root. Currently these
                         * could come from 2 sources:
                         *  a) a root (snapshot/subvolume) deletion in progress
                         *  b) a free space cache inode
                         * We need to distinguish those two, as the orphan item
                         * for a root must not get deleted before the deletion
                         * of the snapshot/subvolume's tree completes.
                         *
                         * btrfs_find_orphan_roots() ran before us, which has
                         * found all deleted roots and loaded them into
                         * fs_info->fs_roots_radix. So here we can find if an
                         * orphan item corresponds to a deleted root by looking
                         * up the root from that radix tree.
                         */

                        spin_lock(&fs_info->fs_roots_radix_lock);
                        dead_root = radix_tree_lookup(&fs_info->fs_roots_radix,
                                                         (unsigned long)found_key.objectid);
                        if (dead_root && btrfs_root_refs(&dead_root->root_item) == 0)
                                is_dead_root = 1;
                        spin_unlock(&fs_info->fs_roots_radix_lock);

                        if (is_dead_root) {
                                /* prevent this orphan from being found again */
                                key.offset = found_key.objectid - 1;
                                continue;
                        }

                }

                /*
                 * If we have an inode with links, there are a couple of
                 * possibilities:
                 *
                 * 1. We were halfway through creating fsverity metadata for the
                 * file. In that case, the orphan item represents incomplete
                 * fsverity metadata which must be cleaned up with
                 * btrfs_drop_verity_items and deleting the orphan item.

                 * 2. Old kernels (before v3.12) used to create an
                 * orphan item for truncate indicating that there were possibly
                 * extent items past i_size that needed to be deleted. In v3.12,
                 * truncate was changed to update i_size in sync with the extent
                 * items, but the (useless) orphan item was still created. Since
                 * v4.18, we don't create the orphan item for truncate at all.
                 *
                 * So, this item could mean that we need to do a truncate, but
                 * only if this filesystem was last used on a pre-v3.12 kernel
                 * and was not cleanly unmounted. The odds of that are quite
                 * slim, and it's a pain to do the truncate now, so just delete
                 * the orphan item.
                 *
                 * It's also possible that this orphan item was supposed to be
                 * deleted but wasn't. The inode number may have been reused,
                 * but either way, we can delete the orphan item.
                 */
                if (!inode || inode->i_nlink) {
                        if (inode) {
                                ret = btrfs_drop_verity_items(BTRFS_I(inode));
                                iput(inode);
                                inode = NULL;
                                if (ret)
                                        goto out;
                        }
                        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
                        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                                goto out;
                        }
                        btrfs_debug(fs_info, "auto deleting %Lu",
                                    found_key.objectid);
                        ret = btrfs_del_orphan_item(trans, root,
                                                    found_key.objectid);
                        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                        continue;
                }

                nr_unlink++;

                /* this will do delete_inode and everything for us */
                iput(inode);
        }
        /* release the path since we're done with it */
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_ORPHAN_ITEM_INSERTED, &root->state)) {
                trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
                if (!IS_ERR(trans))
                        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        }

        if (nr_unlink)
                btrfs_debug(fs_info, "unlinked %d orphans", nr_unlink);

out:
        if (ret)
                btrfs_err(fs_info, "could not do orphan cleanup %d", ret);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * very simple check to peek ahead in the leaf looking for xattrs.  If we
 * don't find any xattrs, we know there can't be any acls.
 *
 * slot is the slot the inode is in, objectid is the objectid of the inode
 */
static noinline int acls_after_inode_item(struct extent_buffer *leaf,
                                          int slot, u64 objectid,
                                          int *first_xattr_slot)
{
        u32 nritems = btrfs_header_nritems(leaf);
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        static u64 xattr_access = 0;
        static u64 xattr_default = 0;
        int scanned = 0;

        if (!xattr_access) {
                xattr_access = btrfs_name_hash(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS,
                                        strlen(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS));
                xattr_default = btrfs_name_hash(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT,
                                        strlen(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT));
        }

        slot++;
        *first_xattr_slot = -1;
        while (slot < nritems) {
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, slot);

                /* we found a different objectid, there must not be acls */
                if (found_key.objectid != objectid)
                        return 0;

                /* we found an xattr, assume we've got an acl */
                if (found_key.type == BTRFS_XATTR_ITEM_KEY) {
                        if (*first_xattr_slot == -1)
                                *first_xattr_slot = slot;
                        if (found_key.offset == xattr_access ||
                            found_key.offset == xattr_default)
                                return 1;
                }

                /*
                 * we found a key greater than an xattr key, there can't
                 * be any acls later on
                 */
                if (found_key.type > BTRFS_XATTR_ITEM_KEY)
                        return 0;

                slot++;
                scanned++;

                /*
                 * it goes inode, inode backrefs, xattrs, extents,
                 * so if there are a ton of hard links to an inode there can
                 * be a lot of backrefs.  Don't waste time searching too hard,
                 * this is just an optimization
                 */
                if (scanned >= 8)
                        break;
        }
        /* we hit the end of the leaf before we found an xattr or
         * something larger than an xattr.  We have to assume the inode
         * has acls
         */
        if (*first_xattr_slot == -1)
                *first_xattr_slot = slot;
        return 1;
}

/*
 * read an inode from the btree into the in-memory inode
 */
static int btrfs_read_locked_inode(struct inode *inode,
                                   struct btrfs_path *in_path)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct btrfs_path *path = in_path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_inode_item *inode_item;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_key location;
        unsigned long ptr;
        int maybe_acls;
        u32 rdev;
        int ret;
        bool filled = false;
        int first_xattr_slot;

        ret = btrfs_fill_inode(inode, &rdev);
        if (!ret)
                filled = true;

        if (!path) {
                path = btrfs_alloc_path();
                if (!path)
                        return -ENOMEM;
        }

        memcpy(&location, &BTRFS_I(inode)->location, sizeof(location));

        ret = btrfs_lookup_inode(NULL, root, path, &location, 0);
        if (ret) {
                if (path != in_path)
                        btrfs_free_path(path);
                return ret;
        }

        leaf = path->nodes[0];

        if (filled)
                goto cache_index;

        inode_item = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                                    struct btrfs_inode_item);
        inode->i_mode = btrfs_inode_mode(leaf, inode_item);
        set_nlink(inode, btrfs_inode_nlink(leaf, inode_item));
        i_uid_write(inode, btrfs_inode_uid(leaf, inode_item));
        i_gid_write(inode, btrfs_inode_gid(leaf, inode_item));
        btrfs_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), btrfs_inode_size(leaf, inode_item));
        btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(BTRFS_I(inode), 0,
                        round_up(i_size_read(inode), fs_info->sectorsize));

        inode_set_atime(inode, btrfs_timespec_sec(leaf, &inode_item->atime),
                        btrfs_timespec_nsec(leaf, &inode_item->atime));

        inode_set_mtime(inode, btrfs_timespec_sec(leaf, &inode_item->mtime),
                        btrfs_timespec_nsec(leaf, &inode_item->mtime));

        inode_set_ctime(inode, btrfs_timespec_sec(leaf, &inode_item->ctime),
                        btrfs_timespec_nsec(leaf, &inode_item->ctime));

        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_sec = btrfs_timespec_sec(leaf, &inode_item->otime);
        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_nsec = btrfs_timespec_nsec(leaf, &inode_item->otime);

        inode_set_bytes(inode, btrfs_inode_nbytes(leaf, inode_item));
        BTRFS_I(inode)->generation = btrfs_inode_generation(leaf, inode_item);
        BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans = btrfs_inode_transid(leaf, inode_item);

        inode_set_iversion_queried(inode,
                                   btrfs_inode_sequence(leaf, inode_item));
        inode->i_generation = BTRFS_I(inode)->generation;
        inode->i_rdev = 0;
        rdev = btrfs_inode_rdev(leaf, inode_item);

        BTRFS_I(inode)->index_cnt = (u64)-1;
        btrfs_inode_split_flags(btrfs_inode_flags(leaf, inode_item),
                                &BTRFS_I(inode)->flags, &BTRFS_I(inode)->ro_flags);

cache_index:
        /*
         * If we were modified in the current generation and evicted from memory
         * and then re-read we need to do a full sync since we don't have any
         * idea about which extents were modified before we were evicted from
         * cache.
         *
         * This is required for both inode re-read from disk and delayed inode
         * in the delayed_nodes xarray.
         */
        if (BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans == btrfs_get_fs_generation(fs_info))
                set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NEEDS_FULL_SYNC,
                        &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);

        /*
         * We don't persist the id of the transaction where an unlink operation
         * against the inode was last made. So here we assume the inode might
         * have been evicted, and therefore the exact value of last_unlink_trans
         * lost, and set it to last_trans to avoid metadata inconsistencies
         * between the inode and its parent if the inode is fsync'ed and the log
         * replayed. For example, in the scenario:
         *
         * touch mydir/foo
         * ln mydir/foo mydir/bar
         * sync
         * unlink mydir/bar
         * echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches   # evicts inode
         * xfs_io -c fsync mydir/foo
         * <power failure>
         * mount fs, triggers fsync log replay
         *
         * We must make sure that when we fsync our inode foo we also log its
         * parent inode, otherwise after log replay the parent still has the
         * dentry with the "bar" name but our inode foo has a link count of 1
         * and doesn't have an inode ref with the name "bar" anymore.
         *
         * Setting last_unlink_trans to last_trans is a pessimistic approach,
         * but it guarantees correctness at the expense of occasional full
         * transaction commits on fsync if our inode is a directory, or if our
         * inode is not a directory, logging its parent unnecessarily.
         */
        BTRFS_I(inode)->last_unlink_trans = BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans;

        /*
         * Same logic as for last_unlink_trans. We don't persist the generation
         * of the last transaction where this inode was used for a reflink
         * operation, so after eviction and reloading the inode we must be
         * pessimistic and assume the last transaction that modified the inode.
         */
        BTRFS_I(inode)->last_reflink_trans = BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans;

        path->slots[0]++;
        if (inode->i_nlink != 1 ||
            path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf))
                goto cache_acl;

        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &location, path->slots[0]);
        if (location.objectid != btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)))
                goto cache_acl;

        ptr = btrfs_item_ptr_offset(leaf, path->slots[0]);
        if (location.type == BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY) {
                struct btrfs_inode_ref *ref;

                ref = (struct btrfs_inode_ref *)ptr;
                BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index = btrfs_inode_ref_index(leaf, ref);
        } else if (location.type == BTRFS_INODE_EXTREF_KEY) {
                struct btrfs_inode_extref *extref;

                extref = (struct btrfs_inode_extref *)ptr;
                BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index = btrfs_inode_extref_index(leaf,
                                                                     extref);
        }
cache_acl:
        /*
         * try to precache a NULL acl entry for files that don't have
         * any xattrs or acls
         */
        maybe_acls = acls_after_inode_item(leaf, path->slots[0],
                        btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)), &first_xattr_slot);
        if (first_xattr_slot != -1) {
                path->slots[0] = first_xattr_slot;
                ret = btrfs_load_inode_props(inode, path);
                if (ret)
                        btrfs_err(fs_info,
                                  "error loading props for ino %llu (root %llu): %d",
                                  btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)),
                                  root->root_key.objectid, ret);
        }
        if (path != in_path)
                btrfs_free_path(path);

        if (!maybe_acls)
                cache_no_acl(inode);

        switch (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) {
        case S_IFREG:
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &btrfs_aops;
                inode->i_fop = &btrfs_file_operations;
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_file_inode_operations;
                break;
        case S_IFDIR:
                inode->i_fop = &btrfs_dir_file_operations;
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_dir_inode_operations;
                break;
        case S_IFLNK:
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_symlink_inode_operations;
                inode_nohighmem(inode);
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &btrfs_aops;
                break;
        default:
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_special_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
                break;
        }

        btrfs_sync_inode_flags_to_i_flags(inode);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * given a leaf and an inode, copy the inode fields into the leaf
 */
static void fill_inode_item(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                            struct extent_buffer *leaf,
                            struct btrfs_inode_item *item,
                            struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_map_token token;
        u64 flags;

        btrfs_init_map_token(&token, leaf);

        btrfs_set_token_inode_uid(&token, item, i_uid_read(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_inode_gid(&token, item, i_gid_read(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_inode_size(&token, item, BTRFS_I(inode)->disk_i_size);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_mode(&token, item, inode->i_mode);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_nlink(&token, item, inode->i_nlink);

        btrfs_set_token_timespec_sec(&token, &item->atime,
                                     inode_get_atime_sec(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_timespec_nsec(&token, &item->atime,
                                      inode_get_atime_nsec(inode));

        btrfs_set_token_timespec_sec(&token, &item->mtime,
                                     inode_get_mtime_sec(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_timespec_nsec(&token, &item->mtime,
                                      inode_get_mtime_nsec(inode));

        btrfs_set_token_timespec_sec(&token, &item->ctime,
                                     inode_get_ctime_sec(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_timespec_nsec(&token, &item->ctime,
                                      inode_get_ctime_nsec(inode));

        btrfs_set_token_timespec_sec(&token, &item->otime, BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_sec);
        btrfs_set_token_timespec_nsec(&token, &item->otime, BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_nsec);

        btrfs_set_token_inode_nbytes(&token, item, inode_get_bytes(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_inode_generation(&token, item,
                                         BTRFS_I(inode)->generation);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_sequence(&token, item, inode_peek_iversion(inode));
        btrfs_set_token_inode_transid(&token, item, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_rdev(&token, item, inode->i_rdev);
        flags = btrfs_inode_combine_flags(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags,
                                          BTRFS_I(inode)->ro_flags);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_flags(&token, item, flags);
        btrfs_set_token_inode_block_group(&token, item, 0);
}

/*
 * copy everything in the in-memory inode into the btree.
 */
static noinline int btrfs_update_inode_item(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                            struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_inode_item *inode_item;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ret = btrfs_lookup_inode(trans, inode->root, path, &inode->location, 1);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret > 0)
                        ret = -ENOENT;
                goto failed;
        }

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        inode_item = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                                    struct btrfs_inode_item);

        fill_inode_item(trans, leaf, inode_item, &inode->vfs_inode);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
        btrfs_set_inode_last_trans(trans, inode);
        ret = 0;
failed:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * copy everything in the in-memory inode into the btree.
 */
int btrfs_update_inode(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                       struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        int ret;

        /*
         * If the inode is a free space inode, we can deadlock during commit
         * if we put it into the delayed code.
         *
         * The data relocation inode should also be directly updated
         * without delay
         */
        if (!btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode)
            && !btrfs_is_data_reloc_root(root)
            && !test_bit(BTRFS_FS_LOG_RECOVERING, &fs_info->flags)) {
                btrfs_update_root_times(trans, root);

                ret = btrfs_delayed_update_inode(trans, inode);
                if (!ret)
                        btrfs_set_inode_last_trans(trans, inode);
                return ret;
        }

        return btrfs_update_inode_item(trans, inode);
}

int btrfs_update_inode_fallback(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        int ret;

        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        if (ret == -ENOSPC)
                return btrfs_update_inode_item(trans, inode);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * unlink helper that gets used here in inode.c and in the tree logging
 * recovery code.  It remove a link in a directory with a given name, and
 * also drops the back refs in the inode to the directory
 */
static int __btrfs_unlink_inode(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                                struct btrfs_inode *dir,
                                struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                const struct fscrypt_str *name,
                                struct btrfs_rename_ctx *rename_ctx)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = dir->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        int ret = 0;
        struct btrfs_dir_item *di;
        u64 index;
        u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
        u64 dir_ino = btrfs_ino(dir);

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        di = btrfs_lookup_dir_item(trans, root, path, dir_ino, name, -1);
        if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(di)) {
                ret = di ? PTR_ERR(di) : -ENOENT;
                goto err;
        }
        ret = btrfs_delete_one_dir_name(trans, root, path, di);
        if (ret)
                goto err;
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        /*
         * If we don't have dir index, we have to get it by looking up
         * the inode ref, since we get the inode ref, remove it directly,
         * it is unnecessary to do delayed deletion.
         *
         * But if we have dir index, needn't search inode ref to get it.
         * Since the inode ref is close to the inode item, it is better
         * that we delay to delete it, and just do this deletion when
         * we update the inode item.
         */
        if (inode->dir_index) {
                ret = btrfs_delayed_delete_inode_ref(inode);
                if (!ret) {
                        index = inode->dir_index;
                        goto skip_backref;
                }
        }

        ret = btrfs_del_inode_ref(trans, root, name, ino, dir_ino, &index);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_info(fs_info,
                        "failed to delete reference to %.*s, inode %llu parent %llu",
                        name->len, name->name, ino, dir_ino);
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto err;
        }
skip_backref:
        if (rename_ctx)
                rename_ctx->index = index;

        ret = btrfs_delete_delayed_dir_index(trans, dir, index);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto err;
        }

        /*
         * If we are in a rename context, we don't need to update anything in the
         * log. That will be done later during the rename by btrfs_log_new_name().
         * Besides that, doing it here would only cause extra unnecessary btree
         * operations on the log tree, increasing latency for applications.
         */
        if (!rename_ctx) {
                btrfs_del_inode_ref_in_log(trans, root, name, inode, dir_ino);
                btrfs_del_dir_entries_in_log(trans, root, name, dir, index);
        }

        /*
         * If we have a pending delayed iput we could end up with the final iput
         * being run in btrfs-cleaner context.  If we have enough of these built
         * up we can end up burning a lot of time in btrfs-cleaner without any
         * way to throttle the unlinks.  Since we're currently holding a ref on
         * the inode we can run the delayed iput here without any issues as the
         * final iput won't be done until after we drop the ref we're currently
         * holding.
         */
        btrfs_run_delayed_iput(fs_info, inode);
err:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        btrfs_i_size_write(dir, dir->vfs_inode.i_size - name->len * 2);
        inode_inc_iversion(&inode->vfs_inode);
        inode_inc_iversion(&dir->vfs_inode);
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(&dir->vfs_inode, inode_set_ctime_current(&dir->vfs_inode));
        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, dir);
out:
        return ret;
}

int btrfs_unlink_inode(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                       struct btrfs_inode *dir, struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                       const struct fscrypt_str *name)
{
        int ret;

        ret = __btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, dir, inode, name, NULL);
        if (!ret) {
                drop_nlink(&inode->vfs_inode);
                ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        }
        return ret;
}

/*
 * helper to start transaction for unlink and rmdir.
 *
 * unlink and rmdir are special in btrfs, they do not always free space, so
 * if we cannot make our reservations the normal way try and see if there is
 * plenty of slack room in the global reserve to migrate, otherwise we cannot
 * allow the unlink to occur.
 */
static struct btrfs_trans_handle *__unlink_start_trans(struct btrfs_inode *dir)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = dir->root;

        return btrfs_start_transaction_fallback_global_rsv(root,
                                                   BTRFS_UNLINK_METADATA_UNITS);
}

static int btrfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        int ret;
        struct fscrypt_name fname;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(dir, &dentry->d_name, 1, &fname);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* This needs to handle no-key deletions later on */

        trans = __unlink_start_trans(BTRFS_I(dir));
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto fscrypt_free;
        }

        btrfs_record_unlink_dir(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), BTRFS_I(d_inode(dentry)),
                                false);

        ret = btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), BTRFS_I(d_inode(dentry)),
                                 &fname.disk_name);
        if (ret)
                goto end_trans;

        if (inode->i_nlink == 0) {
                ret = btrfs_orphan_add(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
                if (ret)
                        goto end_trans;
        }

end_trans:
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(BTRFS_I(dir)->root->fs_info);
fscrypt_free:
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_unlink_subvol(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                               struct btrfs_inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = dir->root;
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(d_inode(dentry));
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_dir_item *di;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        u64 index;
        int ret;
        u64 objectid;
        u64 dir_ino = btrfs_ino(dir);
        struct fscrypt_name fname;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(&dir->vfs_inode, &dentry->d_name, 1, &fname);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* This needs to handle no-key deletions later on */

        if (btrfs_ino(inode) == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                objectid = inode->root->root_key.objectid;
        } else if (btrfs_ino(inode) == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID) {
                objectid = inode->location.objectid;
        } else {
                WARN_ON(1);
                fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        di = btrfs_lookup_dir_item(trans, root, path, dir_ino,
                                   &fname.disk_name, -1);
        if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(di)) {
                ret = di ? PTR_ERR(di) : -ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        btrfs_dir_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, di, &key);
        WARN_ON(key.type != BTRFS_ROOT_ITEM_KEY || key.objectid != objectid);
        ret = btrfs_delete_one_dir_name(trans, root, path, di);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }
        btrfs_release_path(path);

        /*
         * This is a placeholder inode for a subvolume we didn't have a
         * reference to at the time of the snapshot creation.  In the meantime
         * we could have renamed the real subvol link into our snapshot, so
         * depending on btrfs_del_root_ref to return -ENOENT here is incorrect.
         * Instead simply lookup the dir_index_item for this entry so we can
         * remove it.  Otherwise we know we have a ref to the root and we can
         * call btrfs_del_root_ref, and it _shouldn't_ fail.
         */
        if (btrfs_ino(inode) == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID) {
                di = btrfs_search_dir_index_item(root, path, dir_ino, &fname.disk_name);
                if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(di)) {
                        if (!di)
                                ret = -ENOENT;
                        else
                                ret = PTR_ERR(di);
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out;
                }

                leaf = path->nodes[0];
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);
                index = key.offset;
                btrfs_release_path(path);
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_del_root_ref(trans, objectid,
                                         root->root_key.objectid, dir_ino,
                                         &index, &fname.disk_name);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        ret = btrfs_delete_delayed_dir_index(trans, dir, index);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out;
        }

        btrfs_i_size_write(dir, dir->vfs_inode.i_size - fname.disk_name.len * 2);
        inode_inc_iversion(&dir->vfs_inode);
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(&dir->vfs_inode, inode_set_ctime_current(&dir->vfs_inode));
        ret = btrfs_update_inode_fallback(trans, dir);
        if (ret)
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Helper to check if the subvolume references other subvolumes or if it's
 * default.
 */
static noinline int may_destroy_subvol(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct btrfs_dir_item *di;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct fscrypt_str name = FSTR_INIT("default", 7);
        u64 dir_id;
        int ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        /* Make sure this root isn't set as the default subvol */
        dir_id = btrfs_super_root_dir(fs_info->super_copy);
        di = btrfs_lookup_dir_item(NULL, fs_info->tree_root, path,
                                   dir_id, &name, 0);
        if (di && !IS_ERR(di)) {
                btrfs_dir_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], di, &key);
                if (key.objectid == root->root_key.objectid) {
                        ret = -EPERM;
                        btrfs_err(fs_info,
                                  "deleting default subvolume %llu is not allowed",
                                  key.objectid);
                        goto out;
                }
                btrfs_release_path(path);
        }

        key.objectid = root->root_key.objectid;
        key.type = BTRFS_ROOT_REF_KEY;
        key.offset = (u64)-1;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, fs_info->tree_root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        if (ret == 0) {
                /*
                 * Key with offset -1 found, there would have to exist a root
                 * with such id, but this is out of valid range.
                 */
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = 0;
        if (path->slots[0] > 0) {
                path->slots[0]--;
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], &key, path->slots[0]);
                if (key.objectid == root->root_key.objectid &&
                    key.type == BTRFS_ROOT_REF_KEY)
                        ret = -ENOTEMPTY;
        }
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/* Delete all dentries for inodes belonging to the root */
static void btrfs_prune_dentries(struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct rb_node *node;
        struct rb_node *prev;
        struct btrfs_inode *entry;
        struct inode *inode;
        u64 objectid = 0;

        if (!BTRFS_FS_ERROR(fs_info))
                WARN_ON(btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) != 0);

        spin_lock(&root->inode_lock);
again:
        node = root->inode_tree.rb_node;
        prev = NULL;
        while (node) {
                prev = node;
                entry = rb_entry(node, struct btrfs_inode, rb_node);

                if (objectid < btrfs_ino(entry))
                        node = node->rb_left;
                else if (objectid > btrfs_ino(entry))
                        node = node->rb_right;
                else
                        break;
        }
        if (!node) {
                while (prev) {
                        entry = rb_entry(prev, struct btrfs_inode, rb_node);
                        if (objectid <= btrfs_ino(entry)) {
                                node = prev;
                                break;
                        }
                        prev = rb_next(prev);
                }
        }
        while (node) {
                entry = rb_entry(node, struct btrfs_inode, rb_node);
                objectid = btrfs_ino(entry) + 1;
                inode = igrab(&entry->vfs_inode);
                if (inode) {
                        spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);
                        if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count) > 1)
                                d_prune_aliases(inode);
                        /*
                         * btrfs_drop_inode will have it removed from the inode
                         * cache when its usage count hits zero.
                         */
                        iput(inode);
                        cond_resched();
                        spin_lock(&root->inode_lock);
                        goto again;
                }

                if (cond_resched_lock(&root->inode_lock))
                        goto again;

                node = rb_next(node);
        }
        spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);
}

int btrfs_delete_subvolume(struct btrfs_inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = dir->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct btrfs_root *dest = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct btrfs_block_rsv block_rsv;
        u64 root_flags;
        int ret;

        down_write(&fs_info->subvol_sem);

        /*
         * Don't allow to delete a subvolume with send in progress. This is
         * inside the inode lock so the error handling that has to drop the bit
         * again is not run concurrently.
         */
        spin_lock(&dest->root_item_lock);
        if (dest->send_in_progress) {
                spin_unlock(&dest->root_item_lock);
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                           "attempt to delete subvolume %llu during send",
                           dest->root_key.objectid);
                ret = -EPERM;
                goto out_up_write;
        }
        if (atomic_read(&dest->nr_swapfiles)) {
                spin_unlock(&dest->root_item_lock);
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                           "attempt to delete subvolume %llu with active swapfile",
                           root->root_key.objectid);
                ret = -EPERM;
                goto out_up_write;
        }
        root_flags = btrfs_root_flags(&dest->root_item);
        btrfs_set_root_flags(&dest->root_item,
                             root_flags | BTRFS_ROOT_SUBVOL_DEAD);
        spin_unlock(&dest->root_item_lock);

        ret = may_destroy_subvol(dest);
        if (ret)
                goto out_undead;

        btrfs_init_block_rsv(&block_rsv, BTRFS_BLOCK_RSV_TEMP);
        /*
         * One for dir inode,
         * two for dir entries,
         * two for root ref/backref.
         */
        ret = btrfs_subvolume_reserve_metadata(root, &block_rsv, 5, true);
        if (ret)
                goto out_undead;

        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 0);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_release;
        }
        trans->block_rsv = &block_rsv;
        trans->bytes_reserved = block_rsv.size;

        btrfs_record_snapshot_destroy(trans, dir);

        ret = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, dir, dentry);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_end_trans;
        }

        ret = btrfs_record_root_in_trans(trans, dest);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_end_trans;
        }

        memset(&dest->root_item.drop_progress, 0,
                sizeof(dest->root_item.drop_progress));
        btrfs_set_root_drop_level(&dest->root_item, 0);
        btrfs_set_root_refs(&dest->root_item, 0);

        if (!test_and_set_bit(BTRFS_ROOT_ORPHAN_ITEM_INSERTED, &dest->state)) {
                ret = btrfs_insert_orphan_item(trans,
                                        fs_info->tree_root,
                                        dest->root_key.objectid);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out_end_trans;
                }
        }

        ret = btrfs_uuid_tree_remove(trans, dest->root_item.uuid,
                                  BTRFS_UUID_KEY_SUBVOL,
                                  dest->root_key.objectid);
        if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_end_trans;
        }
        if (!btrfs_is_empty_uuid(dest->root_item.received_uuid)) {
                ret = btrfs_uuid_tree_remove(trans,
                                          dest->root_item.received_uuid,
                                          BTRFS_UUID_KEY_RECEIVED_SUBVOL,
                                          dest->root_key.objectid);
                if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out_end_trans;
                }
        }

        free_anon_bdev(dest->anon_dev);
        dest->anon_dev = 0;
out_end_trans:
        trans->block_rsv = NULL;
        trans->bytes_reserved = 0;
        ret = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        inode->i_flags |= S_DEAD;
out_release:
        btrfs_subvolume_release_metadata(root, &block_rsv);
out_undead:
        if (ret) {
                spin_lock(&dest->root_item_lock);
                root_flags = btrfs_root_flags(&dest->root_item);
                btrfs_set_root_flags(&dest->root_item,
                                root_flags & ~BTRFS_ROOT_SUBVOL_DEAD);
                spin_unlock(&dest->root_item_lock);
        }
out_up_write:
        up_write(&fs_info->subvol_sem);
        if (!ret) {
                d_invalidate(dentry);
                btrfs_prune_dentries(dest);
                ASSERT(dest->send_in_progress == 0);
        }

        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info;
        int err = 0;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        u64 last_unlink_trans;
        struct fscrypt_name fname;

        if (inode->i_size > BTRFS_EMPTY_DIR_SIZE)
                return -ENOTEMPTY;
        if (btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)) == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                if (unlikely(btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, EXTENT_TREE_V2))) {
                        btrfs_err(fs_info,
                        "extent tree v2 doesn't support snapshot deletion yet");
                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
                }
                return btrfs_delete_subvolume(BTRFS_I(dir), dentry);
        }

        err = fscrypt_setup_filename(dir, &dentry->d_name, 1, &fname);
        if (err)
                return err;

        /* This needs to handle no-key deletions later on */

        trans = __unlink_start_trans(BTRFS_I(dir));
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_notrans;
        }

        if (unlikely(btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)) == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID)) {
                err = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), dentry);
                goto out;
        }

        err = btrfs_orphan_add(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
        if (err)
                goto out;

        last_unlink_trans = BTRFS_I(inode)->last_unlink_trans;

        /* now the directory is empty */
        err = btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), BTRFS_I(d_inode(dentry)),
                                 &fname.disk_name);
        if (!err) {
                btrfs_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
                /*
                 * Propagate the last_unlink_trans value of the deleted dir to
                 * its parent directory. This is to prevent an unrecoverable
                 * log tree in the case we do something like this:
                 * 1) create dir foo
                 * 2) create snapshot under dir foo
                 * 3) delete the snapshot
                 * 4) rmdir foo
                 * 5) mkdir foo
                 * 6) fsync foo or some file inside foo
                 */
                if (last_unlink_trans >= trans->transid)
                        BTRFS_I(dir)->last_unlink_trans = last_unlink_trans;
        }
out:
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
out_notrans:
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);

        return err;
}

/*
 * Read, zero a chunk and write a block.
 *
 * @inode - inode that we're zeroing
 * @from - the offset to start zeroing
 * @len - the length to zero, 0 to zero the entire range respective to the
 *      offset
 * @front - zero up to the offset instead of from the offset on
 *
 * This will find the block for the "from" offset and cow the block and zero the
 * part we want to zero.  This is used with truncate and hole punching.
 */
int btrfs_truncate_block(struct btrfs_inode *inode, loff_t from, loff_t len,
                         int front)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
        bool only_release_metadata = false;
        u32 blocksize = fs_info->sectorsize;
        pgoff_t index = from >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned offset = from & (blocksize - 1);
        struct folio *folio;
        gfp_t mask = btrfs_alloc_write_mask(mapping);
        size_t write_bytes = blocksize;
        int ret = 0;
        u64 block_start;
        u64 block_end;

        if (IS_ALIGNED(offset, blocksize) &&
            (!len || IS_ALIGNED(len, blocksize)))
                goto out;

        block_start = round_down(from, blocksize);
        block_end = block_start + blocksize - 1;

        ret = btrfs_check_data_free_space(inode, &data_reserved, block_start,
                                          blocksize, false);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (btrfs_check_nocow_lock(inode, block_start, &write_bytes, false) > 0) {
                        /* For nocow case, no need to reserve data space */
                        only_release_metadata = true;
                } else {
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_metadata(inode, blocksize, blocksize, false);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (!only_release_metadata)
                        btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(inode, data_reserved,
                                                       block_start, blocksize);
                goto out;
        }
again:
        folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index,
                                    FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT, mask);
        if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
                btrfs_delalloc_release_space(inode, data_reserved, block_start,
                                             blocksize, true);
                btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, blocksize);
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                ret = btrfs_read_folio(NULL, folio);
                folio_lock(folio);
                if (folio->mapping != mapping) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto again;
                }
                if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                        ret = -EIO;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
        }

        /*
         * We unlock the page after the io is completed and then re-lock it
         * above.  release_folio() could have come in between that and cleared
         * folio private, but left the page in the mapping.  Set the page mapped
         * here to make sure it's properly set for the subpage stuff.
         */
        ret = set_folio_extent_mapped(folio);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out_unlock;

        folio_wait_writeback(folio);

        lock_extent(io_tree, block_start, block_end, &cached_state);

        ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_extent(inode, block_start);
        if (ordered) {
                unlock_extent(io_tree, block_start, block_end, &cached_state);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                btrfs_start_ordered_extent(ordered);
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                goto again;
        }

        clear_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, block_start, block_end,
                         EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING | EXTENT_DEFRAG,
                         &cached_state);

        ret = btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(inode, block_start, block_end, 0,
                                        &cached_state);
        if (ret) {
                unlock_extent(io_tree, block_start, block_end, &cached_state);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        if (offset != blocksize) {
                if (!len)
                        len = blocksize - offset;
                if (front)
                        folio_zero_range(folio, block_start - folio_pos(folio),
                                         offset);
                else
                        folio_zero_range(folio,
                                         (block_start - folio_pos(folio)) + offset,
                                         len);
        }
        btrfs_folio_clear_checked(fs_info, folio, block_start,
                                  block_end + 1 - block_start);
        btrfs_folio_set_dirty(fs_info, folio, block_start,
                              block_end + 1 - block_start);
        unlock_extent(io_tree, block_start, block_end, &cached_state);

        if (only_release_metadata)
                set_extent_bit(&inode->io_tree, block_start, block_end,
                               EXTENT_NORESERVE, NULL);

out_unlock:
        if (ret) {
                if (only_release_metadata)
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(inode, blocksize, true);
                else
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_space(inode, data_reserved,
                                        block_start, blocksize, true);
        }
        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, blocksize);
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);
out:
        if (only_release_metadata)
                btrfs_check_nocow_unlock(inode);
        extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
        return ret;
}

static int maybe_insert_hole(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 offset, u64 len)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct btrfs_drop_extents_args drop_args = { 0 };
        int ret;

        /*
         * If NO_HOLES is enabled, we don't need to do anything.
         * Later, up in the call chain, either btrfs_set_inode_last_sub_trans()
         * or btrfs_update_inode() will be called, which guarantee that the next
         * fsync will know this inode was changed and needs to be logged.
         */
        if (btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, NO_HOLES))
                return 0;

        /*
         * 1 - for the one we're dropping
         * 1 - for the one we're adding
         * 1 - for updating the inode.
         */
        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 3);
        if (IS_ERR(trans))
                return PTR_ERR(trans);

        drop_args.start = offset;
        drop_args.end = offset + len;
        drop_args.drop_cache = true;

        ret = btrfs_drop_extents(trans, root, inode, &drop_args);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                return ret;
        }

        ret = btrfs_insert_hole_extent(trans, root, btrfs_ino(inode), offset, len);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
        } else {
                btrfs_update_inode_bytes(inode, 0, drop_args.bytes_found);
                btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        }
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This function puts in dummy file extents for the area we're creating a hole
 * for.  So if we are truncating this file to a larger size we need to insert
 * these file extents so that btrfs_get_extent will return a EXTENT_MAP_HOLE for
 * the range between oldsize and size
 */
int btrfs_cont_expand(struct btrfs_inode *inode, loff_t oldsize, loff_t size)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct extent_map *em = NULL;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        u64 hole_start = ALIGN(oldsize, fs_info->sectorsize);
        u64 block_end = ALIGN(size, fs_info->sectorsize);
        u64 last_byte;
        u64 cur_offset;
        u64 hole_size;
        int err = 0;

        /*
         * If our size started in the middle of a block we need to zero out the
         * rest of the block before we expand the i_size, otherwise we could
         * expose stale data.
         */
        err = btrfs_truncate_block(inode, oldsize, 0, 0);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (size <= hole_start)
                return 0;

        btrfs_lock_and_flush_ordered_range(inode, hole_start, block_end - 1,
                                           &cached_state);
        cur_offset = hole_start;
        while (1) {
                em = btrfs_get_extent(inode, NULL, cur_offset, block_end - cur_offset);
                if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(em);
                        em = NULL;
                        break;
                }
                last_byte = min(extent_map_end(em), block_end);
                last_byte = ALIGN(last_byte, fs_info->sectorsize);
                hole_size = last_byte - cur_offset;

                if (!(em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC)) {
                        struct extent_map *hole_em;

                        err = maybe_insert_hole(inode, cur_offset, hole_size);
                        if (err)
                                break;

                        err = btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(inode,
                                                        cur_offset, hole_size);
                        if (err)
                                break;

                        hole_em = alloc_extent_map();
                        if (!hole_em) {
                                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, cur_offset,
                                                    cur_offset + hole_size - 1,
                                                    false);
                                btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);
                                goto next;
                        }
                        hole_em->start = cur_offset;
                        hole_em->len = hole_size;
                        hole_em->orig_start = cur_offset;

                        hole_em->block_start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
                        hole_em->block_len = 0;
                        hole_em->orig_block_len = 0;
                        hole_em->ram_bytes = hole_size;
                        hole_em->generation = btrfs_get_fs_generation(fs_info);

                        err = btrfs_replace_extent_map_range(inode, hole_em, true);
                        free_extent_map(hole_em);
                } else {
                        err = btrfs_inode_set_file_extent_range(inode,
                                                        cur_offset, hole_size);
                        if (err)
                                break;
                }
next:
                free_extent_map(em);
                em = NULL;
                cur_offset = last_byte;
                if (cur_offset >= block_end)
                        break;
        }
        free_extent_map(em);
        unlock_extent(io_tree, hole_start, block_end - 1, &cached_state);
        return err;
}

static int btrfs_setsize(struct inode *inode, struct iattr *attr)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        loff_t oldsize = i_size_read(inode);
        loff_t newsize = attr->ia_size;
        int mask = attr->ia_valid;
        int ret;

        /*
         * The regular truncate() case without ATTR_CTIME and ATTR_MTIME is a
         * special case where we need to update the times despite not having
         * these flags set.  For all other operations the VFS set these flags
         * explicitly if it wants a timestamp update.
         */
        if (newsize != oldsize) {
                inode_inc_iversion(inode);
                if (!(mask & (ATTR_CTIME | ATTR_MTIME))) {
                        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode,
                                              inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
                }
        }

        if (newsize > oldsize) {
                /*
                 * Don't do an expanding truncate while snapshotting is ongoing.
                 * This is to ensure the snapshot captures a fully consistent
                 * state of this file - if the snapshot captures this expanding
                 * truncation, it must capture all writes that happened before
                 * this truncation.
                 */
                btrfs_drew_write_lock(&root->snapshot_lock);
                ret = btrfs_cont_expand(BTRFS_I(inode), oldsize, newsize);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);
                        return ret;
                }

                trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
                if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                        btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);
                        return PTR_ERR(trans);
                }

                i_size_write(inode, newsize);
                btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
                pagecache_isize_extended(inode, oldsize, newsize);
                ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
                btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        } else {
                struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);

                if (btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info)) {
                        ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode,
                                        ALIGN(newsize, fs_info->sectorsize),
                                        (u64)-1);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }

                /*
                 * We're truncating a file that used to have good data down to
                 * zero. Make sure any new writes to the file get on disk
                 * on close.
                 */
                if (newsize == 0)
                        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_FLUSH_ON_CLOSE,
                                &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);

                truncate_setsize(inode, newsize);

                inode_dio_wait(inode);

                ret = btrfs_truncate(BTRFS_I(inode), newsize == oldsize);
                if (ret && inode->i_nlink) {
                        int err;

                        /*
                         * Truncate failed, so fix up the in-memory size. We
                         * adjusted disk_i_size down as we removed extents, so
                         * wait for disk_i_size to be stable and then update the
                         * in-memory size to match.
                         */
                        err = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1);
                        if (err)
                                return err;
                        i_size_write(inode, BTRFS_I(inode)->disk_i_size);
                }
        }

        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
                         struct iattr *attr)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        int err;

        if (btrfs_root_readonly(root))
                return -EROFS;

        err = setattr_prepare(idmap, dentry, attr);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE)) {
                err = btrfs_setsize(inode, attr);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }

        if (attr->ia_valid) {
                setattr_copy(idmap, inode, attr);
                inode_inc_iversion(inode);
                err = btrfs_dirty_inode(BTRFS_I(inode));

                if (!err && attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
                        err = posix_acl_chmod(idmap, dentry, inode->i_mode);
        }

        return err;
}

/*
 * While truncating the inode pages during eviction, we get the VFS
 * calling btrfs_invalidate_folio() against each folio of the inode. This
 * is slow because the calls to btrfs_invalidate_folio() result in a
 * huge amount of calls to lock_extent() and clear_extent_bit(),
 * which keep merging and splitting extent_state structures over and over,
 * wasting lots of time.
 *
 * Therefore if the inode is being evicted, let btrfs_invalidate_folio()
 * skip all those expensive operations on a per folio basis and do only
 * the ordered io finishing, while we release here the extent_map and
 * extent_state structures, without the excessive merging and splitting.
 */
static void evict_inode_truncate_pages(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
        struct rb_node *node;

        ASSERT(inode->i_state & I_FREEING);
        truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);

        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(BTRFS_I(inode), 0, (u64)-1, false);

        /*
         * Keep looping until we have no more ranges in the io tree.
         * We can have ongoing bios started by readahead that have
         * their endio callback (extent_io.c:end_bio_extent_readpage)
         * still in progress (unlocked the pages in the bio but did not yet
         * unlocked the ranges in the io tree). Therefore this means some
         * ranges can still be locked and eviction started because before
         * submitting those bios, which are executed by a separate task (work
         * queue kthread), inode references (inode->i_count) were not taken
         * (which would be dropped in the end io callback of each bio).
         * Therefore here we effectively end up waiting for those bios and
         * anyone else holding locked ranges without having bumped the inode's
         * reference count - if we don't do it, when they access the inode's
         * io_tree to unlock a range it may be too late, leading to an
         * use-after-free issue.
         */
        spin_lock(&io_tree->lock);
        while (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&io_tree->state)) {
                struct extent_state *state;
                struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
                u64 start;
                u64 end;
                unsigned state_flags;

                node = rb_first(&io_tree->state);
                state = rb_entry(node, struct extent_state, rb_node);
                start = state->start;
                end = state->end;
                state_flags = state->state;
                spin_unlock(&io_tree->lock);

                lock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);

                /*
                 * If still has DELALLOC flag, the extent didn't reach disk,
                 * and its reserved space won't be freed by delayed_ref.
                 * So we need to free its reserved space here.
                 * (Refer to comment in btrfs_invalidate_folio, case 2)
                 *
                 * Note, end is the bytenr of last byte, so we need + 1 here.
                 */
                if (state_flags & EXTENT_DELALLOC)
                        btrfs_qgroup_free_data(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, start,
                                               end - start + 1, NULL);

                clear_extent_bit(io_tree, start, end,
                                 EXTENT_CLEAR_ALL_BITS | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING,
                                 &cached_state);

                cond_resched();
                spin_lock(&io_tree->lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&io_tree->lock);
}

static struct btrfs_trans_handle *evict_refill_and_join(struct btrfs_root *root,
                                                        struct btrfs_block_rsv *rsv)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        u64 delayed_refs_extra = btrfs_calc_delayed_ref_bytes(fs_info, 1);
        int ret;

        /*
         * Eviction should be taking place at some place safe because of our
         * delayed iputs.  However the normal flushing code will run delayed
         * iputs, so we cannot use FLUSH_ALL otherwise we'll deadlock.
         *
         * We reserve the delayed_refs_extra here again because we can't use
         * btrfs_start_transaction(root, 0) for the same deadlocky reason as
         * above.  We reserve our extra bit here because we generate a ton of
         * delayed refs activity by truncating.
         *
         * BTRFS_RESERVE_FLUSH_EVICT will steal from the global_rsv if it can,
         * if we fail to make this reservation we can re-try without the
         * delayed_refs_extra so we can make some forward progress.
         */
        ret = btrfs_block_rsv_refill(fs_info, rsv, rsv->size + delayed_refs_extra,
                                     BTRFS_RESERVE_FLUSH_EVICT);
        if (ret) {
                ret = btrfs_block_rsv_refill(fs_info, rsv, rsv->size,
                                             BTRFS_RESERVE_FLUSH_EVICT);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                                   "could not allocate space for delete; will truncate on mount");
                        return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
                }
                delayed_refs_extra = 0;
        }

        trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
        if (IS_ERR(trans))
                return trans;

        if (delayed_refs_extra) {
                trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
                trans->bytes_reserved = delayed_refs_extra;
                btrfs_block_rsv_migrate(rsv, trans->block_rsv,
                                        delayed_refs_extra, true);
        }
        return trans;
}

void btrfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_block_rsv *rsv = NULL;
        int ret;

        trace_btrfs_inode_evict(inode);

        if (!root) {
                fsverity_cleanup_inode(inode);
                clear_inode(inode);
                return;
        }

        fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        evict_inode_truncate_pages(inode);

        if (inode->i_nlink &&
            ((btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) != 0 &&
              root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_ROOT_TREE_OBJECTID) ||
             btrfs_is_free_space_inode(BTRFS_I(inode))))
                goto out;

        if (is_bad_inode(inode))
                goto out;

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_FS_LOG_RECOVERING, &fs_info->flags))
                goto out;

        if (inode->i_nlink > 0) {
                BUG_ON(btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) != 0 &&
                       root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_ROOT_TREE_OBJECTID);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * This makes sure the inode item in tree is uptodate and the space for
         * the inode update is released.
         */
        ret = btrfs_commit_inode_delayed_inode(BTRFS_I(inode));
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        /*
         * This drops any pending insert or delete operations we have for this
         * inode.  We could have a delayed dir index deletion queued up, but
         * we're removing the inode completely so that'll be taken care of in
         * the truncate.
         */
        btrfs_kill_delayed_inode_items(BTRFS_I(inode));

        rsv = btrfs_alloc_block_rsv(fs_info, BTRFS_BLOCK_RSV_TEMP);
        if (!rsv)
                goto out;
        rsv->size = btrfs_calc_metadata_size(fs_info, 1);
        rsv->failfast = true;

        btrfs_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);

        while (1) {
                struct btrfs_truncate_control control = {
                        .inode = BTRFS_I(inode),
                        .ino = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)),
                        .new_size = 0,
                        .min_type = 0,
                };

                trans = evict_refill_and_join(root, rsv);
                if (IS_ERR(trans))
                        goto out;

                trans->block_rsv = rsv;

                ret = btrfs_truncate_inode_items(trans, root, &control);
                trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                /*
                 * We have not added new delayed items for our inode after we
                 * have flushed its delayed items, so no need to throttle on
                 * delayed items. However we have modified extent buffers.
                 */
                btrfs_btree_balance_dirty_nodelay(fs_info);
                if (ret && ret != -ENOSPC && ret != -EAGAIN)
                        goto out;
                else if (!ret)
                        break;
        }

        /*
         * Errors here aren't a big deal, it just means we leave orphan items in
         * the tree. They will be cleaned up on the next mount. If the inode
         * number gets reused, cleanup deletes the orphan item without doing
         * anything, and unlink reuses the existing orphan item.
         *
         * If it turns out that we are dropping too many of these, we might want
         * to add a mechanism for retrying these after a commit.
         */
        trans = evict_refill_and_join(root, rsv);
        if (!IS_ERR(trans)) {
                trans->block_rsv = rsv;
                btrfs_orphan_del(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
                trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        }

out:
        btrfs_free_block_rsv(fs_info, rsv);
        /*
         * If we didn't successfully delete, the orphan item will still be in
         * the tree and we'll retry on the next mount. Again, we might also want
         * to retry these periodically in the future.
         */
        btrfs_remove_delayed_node(BTRFS_I(inode));
        fsverity_cleanup_inode(inode);
        clear_inode(inode);
}

/*
 * Return the key found in the dir entry in the location pointer, fill @type
 * with BTRFS_FT_*, and return 0.
 *
 * If no dir entries were found, returns -ENOENT.
 * If found a corrupted location in dir entry, returns -EUCLEAN.
 */
static int btrfs_inode_by_name(struct btrfs_inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
                               struct btrfs_key *location, u8 *type)
{
        struct btrfs_dir_item *di;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct btrfs_root *root = dir->root;
        int ret = 0;
        struct fscrypt_name fname;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(&dir->vfs_inode, &dentry->d_name, 1, &fname);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        /*
         * fscrypt_setup_filename() should never return a positive value, but
         * gcc on sparc/parisc thinks it can, so assert that doesn't happen.
         */
        ASSERT(ret == 0);

        /* This needs to handle no-key deletions later on */

        di = btrfs_lookup_dir_item(NULL, root, path, btrfs_ino(dir),
                                   &fname.disk_name, 0);
        if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(di)) {
                ret = di ? PTR_ERR(di) : -ENOENT;
                goto out;
        }

        btrfs_dir_item_key_to_cpu(path->nodes[0], di, location);
        if (location->type != BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY &&
            location->type != BTRFS_ROOT_ITEM_KEY) {
                ret = -EUCLEAN;
                btrfs_warn(root->fs_info,
"%s gets something invalid in DIR_ITEM (name %s, directory ino %llu, location(%llu %u %llu))",
                           __func__, fname.disk_name.name, btrfs_ino(dir),
                           location->objectid, location->type, location->offset);
        }
        if (!ret)
                *type = btrfs_dir_ftype(path->nodes[0], di);
out:
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * when we hit a tree root in a directory, the btrfs part of the inode
 * needs to be changed to reflect the root directory of the tree root.  This
 * is kind of like crossing a mount point.
 */
static int fixup_tree_root_location(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                    struct btrfs_inode *dir,
                                    struct dentry *dentry,
                                    struct btrfs_key *location,
                                    struct btrfs_root **sub_root)
{
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct btrfs_root *new_root;
        struct btrfs_root_ref *ref;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        int ret;
        int err = 0;
        struct fscrypt_name fname;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(&dir->vfs_inode, &dentry->d_name, 0, &fname);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        err = -ENOENT;
        key.objectid = dir->root->root_key.objectid;
        key.type = BTRFS_ROOT_REF_KEY;
        key.offset = location->objectid;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, fs_info->tree_root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret < 0)
                        err = ret;
                goto out;
        }

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        ref = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0], struct btrfs_root_ref);
        if (btrfs_root_ref_dirid(leaf, ref) != btrfs_ino(dir) ||
            btrfs_root_ref_name_len(leaf, ref) != fname.disk_name.len)
                goto out;

        ret = memcmp_extent_buffer(leaf, fname.disk_name.name,
                                   (unsigned long)(ref + 1), fname.disk_name.len);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        btrfs_release_path(path);

        new_root = btrfs_get_fs_root(fs_info, location->objectid, true);
        if (IS_ERR(new_root)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(new_root);
                goto out;
        }

        *sub_root = new_root;
        location->objectid = btrfs_root_dirid(&new_root->root_item);
        location->type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
        location->offset = 0;
        err = 0;
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
        return err;
}

static void inode_tree_add(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_inode *entry;
        struct rb_node **p;
        struct rb_node *parent;
        struct rb_node *new = &inode->rb_node;
        u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);

        if (inode_unhashed(&inode->vfs_inode))
                return;
        parent = NULL;
        spin_lock(&root->inode_lock);
        p = &root->inode_tree.rb_node;
        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                entry = rb_entry(parent, struct btrfs_inode, rb_node);

                if (ino < btrfs_ino(entry))
                        p = &parent->rb_left;
                else if (ino > btrfs_ino(entry))
                        p = &parent->rb_right;
                else {
                        WARN_ON(!(entry->vfs_inode.i_state &
                                  (I_WILL_FREE | I_FREEING)));
                        rb_replace_node(parent, new, &root->inode_tree);
                        RB_CLEAR_NODE(parent);
                        spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);
                        return;
                }
        }
        rb_link_node(new, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(new, &root->inode_tree);
        spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);
}

static void inode_tree_del(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        int empty = 0;

        spin_lock(&root->inode_lock);
        if (!RB_EMPTY_NODE(&inode->rb_node)) {
                rb_erase(&inode->rb_node, &root->inode_tree);
                RB_CLEAR_NODE(&inode->rb_node);
                empty = RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&root->inode_tree);
        }
        spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);

        if (empty && btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) == 0) {
                spin_lock(&root->inode_lock);
                empty = RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&root->inode_tree);
                spin_unlock(&root->inode_lock);
                if (empty)
                        btrfs_add_dead_root(root);
        }
}


static int btrfs_init_locked_inode(struct inode *inode, void *p)
{
        struct btrfs_iget_args *args = p;

        inode->i_ino = args->ino;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->location.objectid = args->ino;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->location.type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->location.offset = 0;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->root = btrfs_grab_root(args->root);

        if (args->root && args->root == args->root->fs_info->tree_root &&
            args->ino != BTRFS_BTREE_INODE_OBJECTID)
                set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_FREE_SPACE_INODE,
                        &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);
        return 0;
}

static int btrfs_find_actor(struct inode *inode, void *opaque)
{
        struct btrfs_iget_args *args = opaque;

        return args->ino == BTRFS_I(inode)->location.objectid &&
                args->root == BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
}

static struct inode *btrfs_iget_locked(struct super_block *s, u64 ino,
                                       struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_iget_args args;
        unsigned long hashval = btrfs_inode_hash(ino, root);

        args.ino = ino;
        args.root = root;

        inode = iget5_locked(s, hashval, btrfs_find_actor,
                             btrfs_init_locked_inode,
                             (void *)&args);
        return inode;
}

/*
 * Get an inode object given its inode number and corresponding root.
 * Path can be preallocated to prevent recursing back to iget through
 * allocator. NULL is also valid but may require an additional allocation
 * later.
 */
struct inode *btrfs_iget_path(struct super_block *s, u64 ino,
                              struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_path *path)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = btrfs_iget_locked(s, ino, root);
        if (!inode)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
                int ret;

                ret = btrfs_read_locked_inode(inode, path);
                if (!ret) {
                        inode_tree_add(BTRFS_I(inode));
                        unlock_new_inode(inode);
                } else {
                        iget_failed(inode);
                        /*
                         * ret > 0 can come from btrfs_search_slot called by
                         * btrfs_read_locked_inode, this means the inode item
                         * was not found.
                         */
                        if (ret > 0)
                                ret = -ENOENT;
                        inode = ERR_PTR(ret);
                }
        }

        return inode;
}

struct inode *btrfs_iget(struct super_block *s, u64 ino, struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        return btrfs_iget_path(s, ino, root, NULL);
}

static struct inode *new_simple_dir(struct inode *dir,
                                    struct btrfs_key *key,
                                    struct btrfs_root *root)
{
        struct timespec64 ts;
        struct inode *inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);

        if (!inode)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        BTRFS_I(inode)->root = btrfs_grab_root(root);
        memcpy(&BTRFS_I(inode)->location, key, sizeof(*key));
        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_DUMMY, &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);

        inode->i_ino = BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID;
        /*
         * We only need lookup, the rest is read-only and there's no inode
         * associated with the dentry
         */
        inode->i_op = &simple_dir_inode_operations;
        inode->i_opflags &= ~IOP_XATTR;
        inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
        inode->i_mode = S_IFDIR | S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR | S_IXUGO;

        ts = inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, ts);
        inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, inode_get_atime(dir));
        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_sec = ts.tv_sec;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_nsec = ts.tv_nsec;

        inode->i_uid = dir->i_uid;
        inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;

        return inode;
}

static_assert(BTRFS_FT_UNKNOWN == FT_UNKNOWN);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_REG_FILE == FT_REG_FILE);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_DIR == FT_DIR);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_CHRDEV == FT_CHRDEV);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_BLKDEV == FT_BLKDEV);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_FIFO == FT_FIFO);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_SOCK == FT_SOCK);
static_assert(BTRFS_FT_SYMLINK == FT_SYMLINK);

static inline u8 btrfs_inode_type(struct inode *inode)
{
        return fs_umode_to_ftype(inode->i_mode);
}

struct inode *btrfs_lookup_dentry(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(dir);
        struct inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(dir)->root;
        struct btrfs_root *sub_root = root;
        struct btrfs_key location;
        u8 di_type = 0;
        int ret = 0;

        if (dentry->d_name.len > BTRFS_NAME_LEN)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);

        ret = btrfs_inode_by_name(BTRFS_I(dir), dentry, &location, &di_type);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ERR_PTR(ret);

        if (location.type == BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY) {
                inode = btrfs_iget(dir->i_sb, location.objectid, root);
                if (IS_ERR(inode))
                        return inode;

                /* Do extra check against inode mode with di_type */
                if (btrfs_inode_type(inode) != di_type) {
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
"inode mode mismatch with dir: inode mode=0%o btrfs type=%u dir type=%u",
                                  inode->i_mode, btrfs_inode_type(inode),
                                  di_type);
                        iput(inode);
                        return ERR_PTR(-EUCLEAN);
                }
                return inode;
        }

        ret = fixup_tree_root_location(fs_info, BTRFS_I(dir), dentry,
                                       &location, &sub_root);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (ret != -ENOENT)
                        inode = ERR_PTR(ret);
                else
                        inode = new_simple_dir(dir, &location, root);
        } else {
                inode = btrfs_iget(dir->i_sb, location.objectid, sub_root);
                btrfs_put_root(sub_root);

                if (IS_ERR(inode))
                        return inode;

                down_read(&fs_info->cleanup_work_sem);
                if (!sb_rdonly(inode->i_sb))
                        ret = btrfs_orphan_cleanup(sub_root);
                up_read(&fs_info->cleanup_work_sem);
                if (ret) {
                        iput(inode);
                        inode = ERR_PTR(ret);
                }
        }

        return inode;
}

static int btrfs_dentry_delete(const struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);

        if (!inode && !IS_ROOT(dentry))
                inode = d_inode(dentry->d_parent);

        if (inode) {
                root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
                if (btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) == 0)
                        return 1;

                if (btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)) == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID)
                        return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

static struct dentry *btrfs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
                                   unsigned int flags)
{
        struct inode *inode = btrfs_lookup_dentry(dir, dentry);

        if (inode == ERR_PTR(-ENOENT))
                inode = NULL;
        return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
}

/*
 * Find the highest existing sequence number in a directory and then set the
 * in-memory index_cnt variable to the first free sequence number.
 */
static int btrfs_set_inode_index_count(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_key key, found_key;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        int ret;

        key.objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
        key.type = BTRFS_DIR_INDEX_KEY;
        key.offset = (u64)-1;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ret = btrfs_search_slot(NULL, root, &key, path, 0, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        /* FIXME: we should be able to handle this */
        if (ret == 0)
                goto out;
        ret = 0;

        if (path->slots[0] == 0) {
                inode->index_cnt = BTRFS_DIR_START_INDEX;
                goto out;
        }

        path->slots[0]--;

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);

        if (found_key.objectid != btrfs_ino(inode) ||
            found_key.type != BTRFS_DIR_INDEX_KEY) {
                inode->index_cnt = BTRFS_DIR_START_INDEX;
                goto out;
        }

        inode->index_cnt = found_key.offset + 1;
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_get_dir_last_index(struct btrfs_inode *dir, u64 *index)
{
        int ret = 0;

        btrfs_inode_lock(dir, 0);
        if (dir->index_cnt == (u64)-1) {
                ret = btrfs_inode_delayed_dir_index_count(dir);
                if (ret) {
                        ret = btrfs_set_inode_index_count(dir);
                        if (ret)
                                goto out;
                }
        }

        /* index_cnt is the index number of next new entry, so decrement it. */
        *index = dir->index_cnt - 1;
out:
        btrfs_inode_unlock(dir, 0);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * All this infrastructure exists because dir_emit can fault, and we are holding
 * the tree lock when doing readdir.  For now just allocate a buffer and copy
 * our information into that, and then dir_emit from the buffer.  This is
 * similar to what NFS does, only we don't keep the buffer around in pagecache
 * because I'm afraid I'll mess that up.  Long term we need to make filldir do
 * copy_to_user_inatomic so we don't have to worry about page faulting under the
 * tree lock.
 */
static int btrfs_opendir(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct btrfs_file_private *private;
        u64 last_index;
        int ret;

        ret = btrfs_get_dir_last_index(BTRFS_I(inode), &last_index);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        private = kzalloc(sizeof(struct btrfs_file_private), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!private)
                return -ENOMEM;
        private->last_index = last_index;
        private->filldir_buf = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!private->filldir_buf) {
                kfree(private);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        file->private_data = private;
        return 0;
}

static loff_t btrfs_dir_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
        struct btrfs_file_private *private = file->private_data;
        int ret;

        ret = btrfs_get_dir_last_index(BTRFS_I(file_inode(file)),
                                       &private->last_index);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        return generic_file_llseek(file, offset, whence);
}

struct dir_entry {
        u64 ino;
        u64 offset;
        unsigned type;
        int name_len;
};

static int btrfs_filldir(void *addr, int entries, struct dir_context *ctx)
{
        while (entries--) {
                struct dir_entry *entry = addr;
                char *name = (char *)(entry + 1);

                ctx->pos = get_unaligned(&entry->offset);
                if (!dir_emit(ctx, name, get_unaligned(&entry->name_len),
                                         get_unaligned(&entry->ino),
                                         get_unaligned(&entry->type)))
                        return 1;
                addr += sizeof(struct dir_entry) +
                        get_unaligned(&entry->name_len);
                ctx->pos++;
        }
        return 0;
}

static int btrfs_real_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_file_private *private = file->private_data;
        struct btrfs_dir_item *di;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        void *addr;
        LIST_HEAD(ins_list);
        LIST_HEAD(del_list);
        int ret;
        char *name_ptr;
        int name_len;
        int entries = 0;
        int total_len = 0;
        bool put = false;
        struct btrfs_key location;

        if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
                return 0;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        addr = private->filldir_buf;
        path->reada = READA_FORWARD;

        put = btrfs_readdir_get_delayed_items(inode, private->last_index,
                                              &ins_list, &del_list);

again:
        key.type = BTRFS_DIR_INDEX_KEY;
        key.offset = ctx->pos;
        key.objectid = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode));

        btrfs_for_each_slot(root, &key, &found_key, path, ret) {
                struct dir_entry *entry;
                struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
                u8 ftype;

                if (found_key.objectid != key.objectid)
                        break;
                if (found_key.type != BTRFS_DIR_INDEX_KEY)
                        break;
                if (found_key.offset < ctx->pos)
                        continue;
                if (found_key.offset > private->last_index)
                        break;
                if (btrfs_should_delete_dir_index(&del_list, found_key.offset))
                        continue;
                di = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0], struct btrfs_dir_item);
                name_len = btrfs_dir_name_len(leaf, di);
                if ((total_len + sizeof(struct dir_entry) + name_len) >=
                    PAGE_SIZE) {
                        btrfs_release_path(path);
                        ret = btrfs_filldir(private->filldir_buf, entries, ctx);
                        if (ret)
                                goto nopos;
                        addr = private->filldir_buf;
                        entries = 0;
                        total_len = 0;
                        goto again;
                }

                ftype = btrfs_dir_flags_to_ftype(btrfs_dir_flags(leaf, di));
                entry = addr;
                name_ptr = (char *)(entry + 1);
                read_extent_buffer(leaf, name_ptr,
                                   (unsigned long)(di + 1), name_len);
                put_unaligned(name_len, &entry->name_len);
                put_unaligned(fs_ftype_to_dtype(ftype), &entry->type);
                btrfs_dir_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, di, &location);
                put_unaligned(location.objectid, &entry->ino);
                put_unaligned(found_key.offset, &entry->offset);
                entries++;
                addr += sizeof(struct dir_entry) + name_len;
                total_len += sizeof(struct dir_entry) + name_len;
        }
        /* Catch error encountered during iteration */
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err;

        btrfs_release_path(path);

        ret = btrfs_filldir(private->filldir_buf, entries, ctx);
        if (ret)
                goto nopos;

        ret = btrfs_readdir_delayed_dir_index(ctx, &ins_list);
        if (ret)
                goto nopos;

        /*
         * Stop new entries from being returned after we return the last
         * entry.
         *
         * New directory entries are assigned a strictly increasing
         * offset.  This means that new entries created during readdir
         * are *guaranteed* to be seen in the future by that readdir.
         * This has broken buggy programs which operate on names as
         * they're returned by readdir.  Until we re-use freed offsets
         * we have this hack to stop new entries from being returned
         * under the assumption that they'll never reach this huge
         * offset.
         *
         * This is being careful not to overflow 32bit loff_t unless the
         * last entry requires it because doing so has broken 32bit apps
         * in the past.
         */
        if (ctx->pos >= INT_MAX)
                ctx->pos = LLONG_MAX;
        else
                ctx->pos = INT_MAX;
nopos:
        ret = 0;
err:
        if (put)
                btrfs_readdir_put_delayed_items(inode, &ins_list, &del_list);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is somewhat expensive, updating the tree every time the
 * inode changes.  But, it is most likely to find the inode in cache.
 * FIXME, needs more benchmarking...there are no reasons other than performance
 * to keep or drop this code.
 */
static int btrfs_dirty_inode(struct btrfs_inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        int ret;

        if (test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_DUMMY, &inode->runtime_flags))
                return 0;

        trans = btrfs_join_transaction(root);
        if (IS_ERR(trans))
                return PTR_ERR(trans);

        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        if (ret == -ENOSPC || ret == -EDQUOT) {
                /* whoops, lets try again with the full transaction */
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
                if (IS_ERR(trans))
                        return PTR_ERR(trans);

                ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
        }
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        if (inode->delayed_node)
                btrfs_balance_delayed_items(fs_info);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is a copy of file_update_time.  We need this so we can return error on
 * ENOSPC for updating the inode in the case of file write and mmap writes.
 */
static int btrfs_update_time(struct inode *inode, int flags)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        bool dirty;

        if (btrfs_root_readonly(root))
                return -EROFS;

        dirty = inode_update_timestamps(inode, flags);
        return dirty ? btrfs_dirty_inode(BTRFS_I(inode)) : 0;
}

/*
 * helper to find a free sequence number in a given directory.  This current
 * code is very simple, later versions will do smarter things in the btree
 */
int btrfs_set_inode_index(struct btrfs_inode *dir, u64 *index)
{
        int ret = 0;

        if (dir->index_cnt == (u64)-1) {
                ret = btrfs_inode_delayed_dir_index_count(dir);
                if (ret) {
                        ret = btrfs_set_inode_index_count(dir);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
        }

        *index = dir->index_cnt;
        dir->index_cnt++;

        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_insert_inode_locked(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_iget_args args;

        args.ino = BTRFS_I(inode)->location.objectid;
        args.root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;

        return insert_inode_locked4(inode,
                   btrfs_inode_hash(inode->i_ino, BTRFS_I(inode)->root),
                   btrfs_find_actor, &args);
}

int btrfs_new_inode_prepare(struct btrfs_new_inode_args *args,
                            unsigned int *trans_num_items)
{
        struct inode *dir = args->dir;
        struct inode *inode = args->inode;
        int ret;

        if (!args->orphan) {
                ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(dir, &args->dentry->d_name, 0,
                                             &args->fname);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        ret = posix_acl_create(dir, &inode->i_mode, &args->default_acl, &args->acl);
        if (ret) {
                fscrypt_free_filename(&args->fname);
                return ret;
        }

        /* 1 to add inode item */
        *trans_num_items = 1;
        /* 1 to add compression property */
        if (BTRFS_I(dir)->prop_compress)
                (*trans_num_items)++;
        /* 1 to add default ACL xattr */
        if (args->default_acl)
                (*trans_num_items)++;
        /* 1 to add access ACL xattr */
        if (args->acl)
                (*trans_num_items)++;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
        /* 1 to add LSM xattr */
        if (dir->i_security)
                (*trans_num_items)++;
#endif
        if (args->orphan) {
                /* 1 to add orphan item */
                (*trans_num_items)++;
        } else {
                /*
                 * 1 to add dir item
                 * 1 to add dir index
                 * 1 to update parent inode item
                 *
                 * No need for 1 unit for the inode ref item because it is
                 * inserted in a batch together with the inode item at
                 * btrfs_create_new_inode().
                 */
                *trans_num_items += 3;
        }
        return 0;
}

void btrfs_new_inode_args_destroy(struct btrfs_new_inode_args *args)
{
        posix_acl_release(args->acl);
        posix_acl_release(args->default_acl);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&args->fname);
}

/*
 * Inherit flags from the parent inode.
 *
 * Currently only the compression flags and the cow flags are inherited.
 */
static void btrfs_inherit_iflags(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct btrfs_inode *dir)
{
        unsigned int flags;

        flags = dir->flags;

        if (flags & BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS) {
                inode->flags &= ~BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS;
                inode->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS;
        } else if (flags & BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS) {
                inode->flags &= ~BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS;
                inode->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS;
        }

        if (flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW) {
                inode->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW;
                if (S_ISREG(inode->vfs_inode.i_mode))
                        inode->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM;
        }

        btrfs_sync_inode_flags_to_i_flags(&inode->vfs_inode);
}

int btrfs_create_new_inode(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                           struct btrfs_new_inode_args *args)
{
        struct timespec64 ts;
        struct inode *dir = args->dir;
        struct inode *inode = args->inode;
        const struct fscrypt_str *name = args->orphan ? NULL : &args->fname.disk_name;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(dir);
        struct btrfs_root *root;
        struct btrfs_inode_item *inode_item;
        struct btrfs_key *location;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        u64 objectid;
        struct btrfs_inode_ref *ref;
        struct btrfs_key key[2];
        u32 sizes[2];
        struct btrfs_item_batch batch;
        unsigned long ptr;
        int ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (!args->subvol)
                BTRFS_I(inode)->root = btrfs_grab_root(BTRFS_I(dir)->root);
        root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;

        ret = btrfs_get_free_objectid(root, &objectid);
        if (ret)
                goto out;
        inode->i_ino = objectid;

        if (args->orphan) {
                /*
                 * O_TMPFILE, set link count to 0, so that after this point, we
                 * fill in an inode item with the correct link count.
                 */
                set_nlink(inode, 0);
        } else {
                trace_btrfs_inode_request(dir);

                ret = btrfs_set_inode_index(BTRFS_I(dir), &BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
        }
        /* index_cnt is ignored for everything but a dir. */
        BTRFS_I(inode)->index_cnt = BTRFS_DIR_START_INDEX;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->generation = trans->transid;
        inode->i_generation = BTRFS_I(inode)->generation;

        /*
         * We don't have any capability xattrs set here yet, shortcut any
         * queries for the xattrs here.  If we add them later via the inode
         * security init path or any other path this flag will be cleared.
         */
        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NO_CAP_XATTR, &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);

        /*
         * Subvolumes don't inherit flags from their parent directory.
         * Originally this was probably by accident, but we probably can't
         * change it now without compatibility issues.
         */
        if (!args->subvol)
                btrfs_inherit_iflags(BTRFS_I(inode), BTRFS_I(dir));

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                if (btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, NODATASUM))
                        BTRFS_I(inode)->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM;
                if (btrfs_test_opt(fs_info, NODATACOW))
                        BTRFS_I(inode)->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW |
                                BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM;
        }

        location = &BTRFS_I(inode)->location;
        location->objectid = objectid;
        location->offset = 0;
        location->type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;

        ret = btrfs_insert_inode_locked(inode);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (!args->orphan)
                        BTRFS_I(dir)->index_cnt--;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * We could have gotten an inode number from somebody who was fsynced
         * and then removed in this same transaction, so let's just set full
         * sync since it will be a full sync anyway and this will blow away the
         * old info in the log.
         */
        btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(BTRFS_I(inode));

        key[0].objectid = objectid;
        key[0].type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
        key[0].offset = 0;

        sizes[0] = sizeof(struct btrfs_inode_item);

        if (!args->orphan) {
                /*
                 * Start new inodes with an inode_ref. This is slightly more
                 * efficient for small numbers of hard links since they will
                 * be packed into one item. Extended refs will kick in if we
                 * add more hard links than can fit in the ref item.
                 */
                key[1].objectid = objectid;
                key[1].type = BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY;
                if (args->subvol) {
                        key[1].offset = objectid;
                        sizes[1] = 2 + sizeof(*ref);
                } else {
                        key[1].offset = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(dir));
                        sizes[1] = name->len + sizeof(*ref);
                }
        }

        batch.keys = &key[0];
        batch.data_sizes = &sizes[0];
        batch.total_data_size = sizes[0] + (args->orphan ? 0 : sizes[1]);
        batch.nr = args->orphan ? 1 : 2;
        ret = btrfs_insert_empty_items(trans, root, path, &batch);
        if (ret != 0) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto discard;
        }

        ts = simple_inode_init_ts(inode);
        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_sec = ts.tv_sec;
        BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_nsec = ts.tv_nsec;

        /*
         * We're going to fill the inode item now, so at this point the inode
         * must be fully initialized.
         */

        inode_item = btrfs_item_ptr(path->nodes[0], path->slots[0],
                                  struct btrfs_inode_item);
        memzero_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0], (unsigned long)inode_item,
                             sizeof(*inode_item));
        fill_inode_item(trans, path->nodes[0], inode_item, inode);

        if (!args->orphan) {
                ref = btrfs_item_ptr(path->nodes[0], path->slots[0] + 1,
                                     struct btrfs_inode_ref);
                ptr = (unsigned long)(ref + 1);
                if (args->subvol) {
                        btrfs_set_inode_ref_name_len(path->nodes[0], ref, 2);
                        btrfs_set_inode_ref_index(path->nodes[0], ref, 0);
                        write_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0], "..", ptr, 2);
                } else {
                        btrfs_set_inode_ref_name_len(path->nodes[0], ref,
                                                     name->len);
                        btrfs_set_inode_ref_index(path->nodes[0], ref,
                                                  BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index);
                        write_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0], name->name, ptr,
                                            name->len);
                }
        }

        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, path->nodes[0]);
        /*
         * We don't need the path anymore, plus inheriting properties, adding
         * ACLs, security xattrs, orphan item or adding the link, will result in
         * allocating yet another path. So just free our path.
         */
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        path = NULL;

        if (args->subvol) {
                struct inode *parent;

                /*
                 * Subvolumes inherit properties from their parent subvolume,
                 * not the directory they were created in.
                 */
                parent = btrfs_iget(fs_info->sb, BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID,
                                    BTRFS_I(dir)->root);
                if (IS_ERR(parent)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(parent);
                } else {
                        ret = btrfs_inode_inherit_props(trans, inode, parent);
                        iput(parent);
                }
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_inode_inherit_props(trans, inode, dir);
        }
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_err(fs_info,
                          "error inheriting props for ino %llu (root %llu): %d",
                          btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)), root->root_key.objectid,
                          ret);
        }

        /*
         * Subvolumes don't inherit ACLs or get passed to the LSM. This is
         * probably a bug.
         */
        if (!args->subvol) {
                ret = btrfs_init_inode_security(trans, args);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto discard;
                }
        }

        inode_tree_add(BTRFS_I(inode));

        trace_btrfs_inode_new(inode);
        btrfs_set_inode_last_trans(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));

        btrfs_update_root_times(trans, root);

        if (args->orphan) {
                ret = btrfs_orphan_add(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_add_link(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), BTRFS_I(inode), name,
                                     0, BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index);
        }
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto discard;
        }

        return 0;

discard:
        /*
         * discard_new_inode() calls iput(), but the caller owns the reference
         * to the inode.
         */
        ihold(inode);
        discard_new_inode(inode);
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * utility function to add 'inode' into 'parent_inode' with
 * a give name and a given sequence number.
 * if 'add_backref' is true, also insert a backref from the
 * inode to the parent directory.
 */
int btrfs_add_link(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
                   struct btrfs_inode *parent_inode, struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                   const struct fscrypt_str *name, int add_backref, u64 index)
{
        int ret = 0;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct btrfs_root *root = parent_inode->root;
        u64 ino = btrfs_ino(inode);
        u64 parent_ino = btrfs_ino(parent_inode);

        if (unlikely(ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)) {
                memcpy(&key, &inode->root->root_key, sizeof(key));
        } else {
                key.objectid = ino;
                key.type = BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY;
                key.offset = 0;
        }

        if (unlikely(ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)) {
                ret = btrfs_add_root_ref(trans, key.objectid,
                                         root->root_key.objectid, parent_ino,
                                         index, name);
        } else if (add_backref) {
                ret = btrfs_insert_inode_ref(trans, root, name,
                                             ino, parent_ino, index);
        }

        /* Nothing to clean up yet */
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = btrfs_insert_dir_item(trans, name, parent_inode, &key,
                                    btrfs_inode_type(&inode->vfs_inode), index);
        if (ret == -EEXIST || ret == -EOVERFLOW)
                goto fail_dir_item;
        else if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                return ret;
        }

        btrfs_i_size_write(parent_inode, parent_inode->vfs_inode.i_size +
                           name->len * 2);
        inode_inc_iversion(&parent_inode->vfs_inode);
        /*
         * If we are replaying a log tree, we do not want to update the mtime
         * and ctime of the parent directory with the current time, since the
         * log replay procedure is responsible for setting them to their correct
         * values (the ones it had when the fsync was done).
         */
        if (!test_bit(BTRFS_FS_LOG_RECOVERING, &root->fs_info->flags))
                inode_set_mtime_to_ts(&parent_inode->vfs_inode,
                                      inode_set_ctime_current(&parent_inode->vfs_inode));

        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, parent_inode);
        if (ret)
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
        return ret;

fail_dir_item:
        if (unlikely(ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)) {
                u64 local_index;
                int err;
                err = btrfs_del_root_ref(trans, key.objectid,
                                         root->root_key.objectid, parent_ino,
                                         &local_index, name);
                if (err)
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, err);
        } else if (add_backref) {
                u64 local_index;
                int err;

                err = btrfs_del_inode_ref(trans, root, name, ino, parent_ino,
                                          &local_index);
                if (err)
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, err);
        }

        /* Return the original error code */
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_create_common(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
                               struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(dir);
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(dir)->root;
        struct btrfs_new_inode_args new_inode_args = {
                .dir = dir,
                .dentry = dentry,
                .inode = inode,
        };
        unsigned int trans_num_items;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        int err;

        err = btrfs_new_inode_prepare(&new_inode_args, &trans_num_items);
        if (err)
                goto out_inode;

        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, trans_num_items);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_new_inode_args;
        }

        err = btrfs_create_new_inode(trans, &new_inode_args);
        if (!err)
                d_instantiate_new(dentry, inode);

        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
out_new_inode_args:
        btrfs_new_inode_args_destroy(&new_inode_args);
out_inode:
        if (err)
                iput(inode);
        return err;
}

static int btrfs_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                       struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (!inode)
                return -ENOMEM;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, mode);
        inode->i_op = &btrfs_special_inode_operations;
        init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
        return btrfs_create_common(dir, dentry, inode);
}

static int btrfs_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                        struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, bool excl)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (!inode)
                return -ENOMEM;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, mode);
        inode->i_fop = &btrfs_file_operations;
        inode->i_op = &btrfs_file_inode_operations;
        inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &btrfs_aops;
        return btrfs_create_common(dir, dentry, inode);
}

static int btrfs_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
                      struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans = NULL;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(dir)->root;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(old_dentry);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct fscrypt_name fname;
        u64 index;
        int err;
        int drop_inode = 0;

        /* do not allow sys_link's with other subvols of the same device */
        if (root->root_key.objectid != BTRFS_I(inode)->root->root_key.objectid)
                return -EXDEV;

        if (inode->i_nlink >= BTRFS_LINK_MAX)
                return -EMLINK;

        err = fscrypt_setup_filename(dir, &dentry->d_name, 0, &fname);
        if (err)
                goto fail;

        err = btrfs_set_inode_index(BTRFS_I(dir), &index);
        if (err)
                goto fail;

        /*
         * 2 items for inode and inode ref
         * 2 items for dir items
         * 1 item for parent inode
         * 1 item for orphan item deletion if O_TMPFILE
         */
        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, inode->i_nlink ? 5 : 6);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(trans);
                trans = NULL;
                goto fail;
        }

        /* There are several dir indexes for this inode, clear the cache. */
        BTRFS_I(inode)->dir_index = 0ULL;
        inc_nlink(inode);
        inode_inc_iversion(inode);
        inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
        ihold(inode);
        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_COPY_EVERYTHING, &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags);

        err = btrfs_add_link(trans, BTRFS_I(dir), BTRFS_I(inode),
                             &fname.disk_name, 1, index);

        if (err) {
                drop_inode = 1;
        } else {
                struct dentry *parent = dentry->d_parent;

                err = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
                if (err)
                        goto fail;
                if (inode->i_nlink == 1) {
                        /*
                         * If new hard link count is 1, it's a file created
                         * with open(2) O_TMPFILE flag.
                         */
                        err = btrfs_orphan_del(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));
                        if (err)
                                goto fail;
                }
                d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
                btrfs_log_new_name(trans, old_dentry, NULL, 0, parent);
        }

fail:
        fscrypt_free_filename(&fname);
        if (trans)
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        if (drop_inode) {
                inode_dec_link_count(inode);
                iput(inode);
        }
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
        return err;
}

static int btrfs_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                       struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (!inode)
                return -ENOMEM;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, S_IFDIR | mode);
        inode->i_op = &btrfs_dir_inode_operations;
        inode->i_fop = &btrfs_dir_file_operations;
        return btrfs_create_common(dir, dentry, inode);
}

static noinline int uncompress_inline(struct btrfs_path *path,
                                      struct page *page,
                                      struct btrfs_file_extent_item *item)
{
        int ret;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf = path->nodes[0];
        char *tmp;
        size_t max_size;
        unsigned long inline_size;
        unsigned long ptr;
        int compress_type;

        compress_type = btrfs_file_extent_compression(leaf, item);
        max_size = btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, item);
        inline_size = btrfs_file_extent_inline_item_len(leaf, path->slots[0]);
        tmp = kmalloc(inline_size, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!tmp)
                return -ENOMEM;
        ptr = btrfs_file_extent_inline_start(item);

        read_extent_buffer(leaf, tmp, ptr, inline_size);

        max_size = min_t(unsigned long, PAGE_SIZE, max_size);
        ret = btrfs_decompress(compress_type, tmp, page, 0, inline_size, max_size);

        /*
         * decompression code contains a memset to fill in any space between the end
         * of the uncompressed data and the end of max_size in case the decompressed
         * data ends up shorter than ram_bytes.  That doesn't cover the hole between
         * the end of an inline extent and the beginning of the next block, so we
         * cover that region here.
         */

        if (max_size < PAGE_SIZE)
                memzero_page(page, max_size, PAGE_SIZE - max_size);
        kfree(tmp);
        return ret;
}

static int read_inline_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode, struct btrfs_path *path,
                              struct page *page)
{
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
        void *kaddr;
        size_t copy_size;

        if (!page || PageUptodate(page))
                return 0;

        ASSERT(page_offset(page) == 0);

        fi = btrfs_item_ptr(path->nodes[0], path->slots[0],
                            struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        if (btrfs_file_extent_compression(path->nodes[0], fi) != BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE)
                return uncompress_inline(path, page, fi);

        copy_size = min_t(u64, PAGE_SIZE,
                          btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(path->nodes[0], fi));
        kaddr = kmap_local_page(page);
        read_extent_buffer(path->nodes[0], kaddr,
                           btrfs_file_extent_inline_start(fi), copy_size);
        kunmap_local(kaddr);
        if (copy_size < PAGE_SIZE)
                memzero_page(page, copy_size, PAGE_SIZE - copy_size);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Lookup the first extent overlapping a range in a file.
 *
 * @inode:      file to search in
 * @page:       page to read extent data into if the extent is inline
 * @start:      file offset
 * @len:        length of range starting at @start
 *
 * Return the first &struct extent_map which overlaps the given range, reading
 * it from the B-tree and caching it if necessary. Note that there may be more
 * extents which overlap the given range after the returned extent_map.
 *
 * If @page is not NULL and the extent is inline, this also reads the extent
 * data directly into the page and marks the extent up to date in the io_tree.
 *
 * Return: ERR_PTR on error, non-NULL extent_map on success.
 */
struct extent_map *btrfs_get_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                    struct page *page, u64 start, u64 len)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        int ret = 0;
        u64 extent_start = 0;
        u64 extent_end = 0;
        u64 objectid = btrfs_ino(inode);
        int extent_type = -1;
        struct btrfs_path *path = NULL;
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *item;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_key found_key;
        struct extent_map *em = NULL;
        struct extent_map_tree *em_tree = &inode->extent_tree;

        read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
        em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree, start, len);
        read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);

        if (em) {
                if (em->start > start || em->start + em->len <= start)
                        free_extent_map(em);
                else if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_INLINE && page)
                        free_extent_map(em);
                else
                        goto out;
        }
        em = alloc_extent_map();
        if (!em) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }
        em->start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
        em->orig_start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
        em->len = (u64)-1;
        em->block_len = (u64)-1;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Chances are we'll be called again, so go ahead and do readahead */
        path->reada = READA_FORWARD;

        /*
         * The same explanation in load_free_space_cache applies here as well,
         * we only read when we're loading the free space cache, and at that
         * point the commit_root has everything we need.
         */
        if (btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode)) {
                path->search_commit_root = 1;
                path->skip_locking = 1;
        }

        ret = btrfs_lookup_file_extent(NULL, root, path, objectid, start, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                goto out;
        } else if (ret > 0) {
                if (path->slots[0] == 0)
                        goto not_found;
                path->slots[0]--;
                ret = 0;
        }

        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        item = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                              struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);
        if (found_key.objectid != objectid ||
            found_key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                /*
                 * If we backup past the first extent we want to move forward
                 * and see if there is an extent in front of us, otherwise we'll
                 * say there is a hole for our whole search range which can
                 * cause problems.
                 */
                extent_end = start;
                goto next;
        }

        extent_type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, item);
        extent_start = found_key.offset;
        extent_end = btrfs_file_extent_end(path);
        if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG ||
            extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC) {
                /* Only regular file could have regular/prealloc extent */
                if (!S_ISREG(inode->vfs_inode.i_mode)) {
                        ret = -EUCLEAN;
                        btrfs_crit(fs_info,
                "regular/prealloc extent found for non-regular inode %llu",
                                   btrfs_ino(inode));
                        goto out;
                }
                trace_btrfs_get_extent_show_fi_regular(inode, leaf, item,
                                                       extent_start);
        } else if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
                trace_btrfs_get_extent_show_fi_inline(inode, leaf, item,
                                                      path->slots[0],
                                                      extent_start);
        }
next:
        if (start >= extent_end) {
                path->slots[0]++;
                if (path->slots[0] >= btrfs_header_nritems(leaf)) {
                        ret = btrfs_next_leaf(root, path);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto out;
                        else if (ret > 0)
                                goto not_found;

                        leaf = path->nodes[0];
                }
                btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &found_key, path->slots[0]);
                if (found_key.objectid != objectid ||
                    found_key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY)
                        goto not_found;
                if (start + len <= found_key.offset)
                        goto not_found;
                if (start > found_key.offset)
                        goto next;

                /* New extent overlaps with existing one */
                em->start = start;
                em->orig_start = start;
                em->len = found_key.offset - start;
                em->block_start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
                goto insert;
        }

        btrfs_extent_item_to_extent_map(inode, path, item, em);

        if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG ||
            extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC) {
                goto insert;
        } else if (extent_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE) {
                /*
                 * Inline extent can only exist at file offset 0. This is
                 * ensured by tree-checker and inline extent creation path.
                 * Thus all members representing file offsets should be zero.
                 */
                ASSERT(extent_start == 0);
                ASSERT(em->start == 0);

                /*
                 * btrfs_extent_item_to_extent_map() should have properly
                 * initialized em members already.
                 *
                 * Other members are not utilized for inline extents.
                 */
                ASSERT(em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_INLINE);
                ASSERT(em->len == fs_info->sectorsize);

                ret = read_inline_extent(inode, path, page);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
                goto insert;
        }
not_found:
        em->start = start;
        em->orig_start = start;
        em->len = len;
        em->block_start = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
insert:
        ret = 0;
        btrfs_release_path(path);
        if (em->start > start || extent_map_end(em) <= start) {
                btrfs_err(fs_info,
                          "bad extent! em: [%llu %llu] passed [%llu %llu]",
                          em->start, em->len, start, len);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }

        write_lock(&em_tree->lock);
        ret = btrfs_add_extent_mapping(fs_info, em_tree, &em, start, len);
        write_unlock(&em_tree->lock);
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);

        trace_btrfs_get_extent(root, inode, em);

        if (ret) {
                free_extent_map(em);
                return ERR_PTR(ret);
        }
        return em;
}

static struct extent_map *btrfs_create_dio_extent(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                                  struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data,
                                                  const u64 start,
                                                  const u64 len,
                                                  const u64 orig_start,
                                                  const u64 block_start,
                                                  const u64 block_len,
                                                  const u64 orig_block_len,
                                                  const u64 ram_bytes,
                                                  const int type)
{
        struct extent_map *em = NULL;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;

        if (type != BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW) {
                em = create_io_em(inode, start, len, orig_start, block_start,
                                  block_len, orig_block_len, ram_bytes,
                                  BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE, /* compress_type */
                                  type);
                if (IS_ERR(em))
                        goto out;
        }
        ordered = btrfs_alloc_ordered_extent(inode, start, len, len,
                                             block_start, block_len, 0,
                                             (1 << type) |
                                             (1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_DIRECT),
                                             BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE);
        if (IS_ERR(ordered)) {
                if (em) {
                        free_extent_map(em);
                        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, start,
                                                    start + len - 1, false);
                }
                em = ERR_CAST(ordered);
        } else {
                ASSERT(!dio_data->ordered);
                dio_data->ordered = ordered;
        }
 out:

        return em;
}

static struct extent_map *btrfs_new_extent_direct(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                                  struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data,
                                                  u64 start, u64 len)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_map *em;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        u64 alloc_hint;
        int ret;

        alloc_hint = get_extent_allocation_hint(inode, start, len);
again:
        ret = btrfs_reserve_extent(root, len, len, fs_info->sectorsize,
                                   0, alloc_hint, &ins, 1, 1);
        if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
                ASSERT(btrfs_is_zoned(fs_info));
                wait_on_bit_io(&inode->root->fs_info->flags, BTRFS_FS_NEED_ZONE_FINISH,
                               TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                goto again;
        }
        if (ret)
                return ERR_PTR(ret);

        em = btrfs_create_dio_extent(inode, dio_data, start, ins.offset, start,
                                     ins.objectid, ins.offset, ins.offset,
                                     ins.offset, BTRFS_ORDERED_REGULAR);
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);
        if (IS_ERR(em))
                btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info, ins.objectid, ins.offset,
                                           1);

        return em;
}

static bool btrfs_extent_readonly(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 bytenr)
{
        struct btrfs_block_group *block_group;
        bool readonly = false;

        block_group = btrfs_lookup_block_group(fs_info, bytenr);
        if (!block_group || block_group->ro)
                readonly = true;
        if (block_group)
                btrfs_put_block_group(block_group);
        return readonly;
}

/*
 * Check if we can do nocow write into the range [@offset, @offset + @len)
 *
 * @offset:     File offset
 * @len:        The length to write, will be updated to the nocow writeable
 *              range
 * @orig_start: (optional) Return the original file offset of the file extent
 * @orig_len:   (optional) Return the original on-disk length of the file extent
 * @ram_bytes:  (optional) Return the ram_bytes of the file extent
 * @strict:     if true, omit optimizations that might force us into unnecessary
 *              cow. e.g., don't trust generation number.
 *
 * Return:
 * >0   and update @len if we can do nocow write
 *  0   if we can't do nocow write
 * <0   if error happened
 *
 * NOTE: This only checks the file extents, caller is responsible to wait for
 *       any ordered extents.
 */
noinline int can_nocow_extent(struct inode *inode, u64 offset, u64 *len,
                              u64 *orig_start, u64 *orig_block_len,
                              u64 *ram_bytes, bool nowait, bool strict)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct can_nocow_file_extent_args nocow_args = { 0 };
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        int ret;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *fi;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        int found_type;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path)
                return -ENOMEM;
        path->nowait = nowait;

        ret = btrfs_lookup_file_extent(NULL, root, path,
                        btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)), offset, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;

        if (ret == 1) {
                if (path->slots[0] == 0) {
                        /* can't find the item, must cow */
                        ret = 0;
                        goto out;
                }
                path->slots[0]--;
        }
        ret = 0;
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        btrfs_item_key_to_cpu(leaf, &key, path->slots[0]);
        if (key.objectid != btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode)) ||
            key.type != BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY) {
                /* not our file or wrong item type, must cow */
                goto out;
        }

        if (key.offset > offset) {
                /* Wrong offset, must cow */
                goto out;
        }

        if (btrfs_file_extent_end(path) <= offset)
                goto out;

        fi = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0], struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        found_type = btrfs_file_extent_type(leaf, fi);
        if (ram_bytes)
                *ram_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, fi);

        nocow_args.start = offset;
        nocow_args.end = offset + *len - 1;
        nocow_args.strict = strict;
        nocow_args.free_path = true;

        ret = can_nocow_file_extent(path, &key, BTRFS_I(inode), &nocow_args);
        /* can_nocow_file_extent() has freed the path. */
        path = NULL;

        if (ret != 1) {
                /* Treat errors as not being able to NOCOW. */
                ret = 0;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = 0;
        if (btrfs_extent_readonly(fs_info, nocow_args.disk_bytenr))
                goto out;

        if (!(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW) &&
            found_type == BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC) {
                u64 range_end;

                range_end = round_up(offset + nocow_args.num_bytes,
                                     root->fs_info->sectorsize) - 1;
                ret = test_range_bit_exists(io_tree, offset, range_end, EXTENT_DELALLOC);
                if (ret) {
                        ret = -EAGAIN;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if (orig_start)
                *orig_start = key.offset - nocow_args.extent_offset;
        if (orig_block_len)
                *orig_block_len = nocow_args.disk_num_bytes;

        *len = nocow_args.num_bytes;
        ret = 1;
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

static int lock_extent_direct(struct inode *inode, u64 lockstart, u64 lockend,
                              struct extent_state **cached_state,
                              unsigned int iomap_flags)
{
        const bool writing = (iomap_flags & IOMAP_WRITE);
        const bool nowait = (iomap_flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT);
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        int ret = 0;

        while (1) {
                if (nowait) {
                        if (!try_lock_extent(io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
                                             cached_state))
                                return -EAGAIN;
                } else {
                        lock_extent(io_tree, lockstart, lockend, cached_state);
                }
                /*
                 * We're concerned with the entire range that we're going to be
                 * doing DIO to, so we need to make sure there's no ordered
                 * extents in this range.
                 */
                ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(BTRFS_I(inode), lockstart,
                                                     lockend - lockstart + 1);

                /*
                 * We need to make sure there are no buffered pages in this
                 * range either, we could have raced between the invalidate in
                 * generic_file_direct_write and locking the extent.  The
                 * invalidate needs to happen so that reads after a write do not
                 * get stale data.
                 */
                if (!ordered &&
                    (!writing || !filemap_range_has_page(inode->i_mapping,
                                                         lockstart, lockend)))
                        break;

                unlock_extent(io_tree, lockstart, lockend, cached_state);

                if (ordered) {
                        if (nowait) {
                                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                                ret = -EAGAIN;
                                break;
                        }
                        /*
                         * If we are doing a DIO read and the ordered extent we
                         * found is for a buffered write, we can not wait for it
                         * to complete and retry, because if we do so we can
                         * deadlock with concurrent buffered writes on page
                         * locks. This happens only if our DIO read covers more
                         * than one extent map, if at this point has already
                         * created an ordered extent for a previous extent map
                         * and locked its range in the inode's io tree, and a
                         * concurrent write against that previous extent map's
                         * range and this range started (we unlock the ranges
                         * in the io tree only when the bios complete and
                         * buffered writes always lock pages before attempting
                         * to lock range in the io tree).
                         */
                        if (writing ||
                            test_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_DIRECT, &ordered->flags))
                                btrfs_start_ordered_extent(ordered);
                        else
                                ret = nowait ? -EAGAIN : -ENOTBLK;
                        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We could trigger writeback for this range (and wait
                         * for it to complete) and then invalidate the pages for
                         * this range (through invalidate_inode_pages2_range()),
                         * but that can lead us to a deadlock with a concurrent
                         * call to readahead (a buffered read or a defrag call
                         * triggered a readahead) on a page lock due to an
                         * ordered dio extent we created before but did not have
                         * yet a corresponding bio submitted (whence it can not
                         * complete), which makes readahead wait for that
                         * ordered extent to complete while holding a lock on
                         * that page.
                         */
                        ret = nowait ? -EAGAIN : -ENOTBLK;
                }

                if (ret)
                        break;

                cond_resched();
        }

        return ret;
}

/* The callers of this must take lock_extent() */
static struct extent_map *create_io_em(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start,
                                       u64 len, u64 orig_start, u64 block_start,
                                       u64 block_len, u64 orig_block_len,
                                       u64 ram_bytes, int compress_type,
                                       int type)
{
        struct extent_map *em;
        int ret;

        ASSERT(type == BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC ||
               type == BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED ||
               type == BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW ||
               type == BTRFS_ORDERED_REGULAR);

        em = alloc_extent_map();
        if (!em)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        em->start = start;
        em->orig_start = orig_start;
        em->len = len;
        em->block_len = block_len;
        em->block_start = block_start;
        em->orig_block_len = orig_block_len;
        em->ram_bytes = ram_bytes;
        em->generation = -1;
        em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_PINNED;
        if (type == BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC)
                em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_FILLING;
        else if (type == BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED)
                extent_map_set_compression(em, compress_type);

        ret = btrfs_replace_extent_map_range(inode, em, true);
        if (ret) {
                free_extent_map(em);
                return ERR_PTR(ret);
        }

        /* em got 2 refs now, callers needs to do free_extent_map once. */
        return em;
}


static int btrfs_get_blocks_direct_write(struct extent_map **map,
                                         struct inode *inode,
                                         struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data,
                                         u64 start, u64 *lenp,
                                         unsigned int iomap_flags)
{
        const bool nowait = (iomap_flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct extent_map *em = *map;
        int type;
        u64 block_start, orig_start, orig_block_len, ram_bytes;
        struct btrfs_block_group *bg;
        bool can_nocow = false;
        bool space_reserved = false;
        u64 len = *lenp;
        u64 prev_len;
        int ret = 0;

        /*
         * We don't allocate a new extent in the following cases
         *
         * 1) The inode is marked as NODATACOW. In this case we'll just use the
         * existing extent.
         * 2) The extent is marked as PREALLOC. We're good to go here and can
         * just use the extent.
         *
         */
        if ((em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC) ||
            ((BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW) &&
             em->block_start != EXTENT_MAP_HOLE)) {
                if (em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC)
                        type = BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC;
                else
                        type = BTRFS_ORDERED_NOCOW;
                len = min(len, em->len - (start - em->start));
                block_start = em->block_start + (start - em->start);

                if (can_nocow_extent(inode, start, &len, &orig_start,
                                     &orig_block_len, &ram_bytes, false, false) == 1) {
                        bg = btrfs_inc_nocow_writers(fs_info, block_start);
                        if (bg)
                                can_nocow = true;
                }
        }

        prev_len = len;
        if (can_nocow) {
                struct extent_map *em2;

                /* We can NOCOW, so only need to reserve metadata space. */
                ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode), len, len,
                                                      nowait);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        /* Our caller expects us to free the input extent map. */
                        free_extent_map(em);
                        *map = NULL;
                        btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(bg);
                        if (nowait && (ret == -ENOSPC || ret == -EDQUOT))
                                ret = -EAGAIN;
                        goto out;
                }
                space_reserved = true;

                em2 = btrfs_create_dio_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), dio_data, start, len,
                                              orig_start, block_start,
                                              len, orig_block_len,
                                              ram_bytes, type);
                btrfs_dec_nocow_writers(bg);
                if (type == BTRFS_ORDERED_PREALLOC) {
                        free_extent_map(em);
                        *map = em2;
                        em = em2;
                }

                if (IS_ERR(em2)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(em2);
                        goto out;
                }

                dio_data->nocow_done = true;
        } else {
                /* Our caller expects us to free the input extent map. */
                free_extent_map(em);
                *map = NULL;

                if (nowait) {
                        ret = -EAGAIN;
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * If we could not allocate data space before locking the file
                 * range and we can't do a NOCOW write, then we have to fail.
                 */
                if (!dio_data->data_space_reserved) {
                        ret = -ENOSPC;
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * We have to COW and we have already reserved data space before,
                 * so now we reserve only metadata.
                 */
                ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode), len, len,
                                                      false);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
                space_reserved = true;

                em = btrfs_new_extent_direct(BTRFS_I(inode), dio_data, start, len);
                if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                        goto out;
                }
                *map = em;
                len = min(len, em->len - (start - em->start));
                if (len < prev_len)
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode),
                                                        prev_len - len, true);
        }

        /*
         * We have created our ordered extent, so we can now release our reservation
         * for an outstanding extent.
         */
        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), prev_len);

        /*
         * Need to update the i_size under the extent lock so buffered
         * readers will get the updated i_size when we unlock.
         */
        if (start + len > i_size_read(inode))
                i_size_write(inode, start + len);
out:
        if (ret && space_reserved) {
                btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), len);
                btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(BTRFS_I(inode), len, true);
        }
        *lenp = len;
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_dio_iomap_begin(struct inode *inode, loff_t start,
                loff_t length, unsigned int flags, struct iomap *iomap,
                struct iomap *srcmap)
{
        struct iomap_iter *iter = container_of(iomap, struct iomap_iter, iomap);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct extent_map *em;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data = iter->private;
        u64 lockstart, lockend;
        const bool write = !!(flags & IOMAP_WRITE);
        int ret = 0;
        u64 len = length;
        const u64 data_alloc_len = length;
        bool unlock_extents = false;

        /*
         * We could potentially fault if we have a buffer > PAGE_SIZE, and if
         * we're NOWAIT we may submit a bio for a partial range and return
         * EIOCBQUEUED, which would result in an errant short read.
         *
         * The best way to handle this would be to allow for partial completions
         * of iocb's, so we could submit the partial bio, return and fault in
         * the rest of the pages, and then submit the io for the rest of the
         * range.  However we don't have that currently, so simply return
         * -EAGAIN at this point so that the normal path is used.
         */
        if (!write && (flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT) && length > PAGE_SIZE)
                return -EAGAIN;

        /*
         * Cap the size of reads to that usually seen in buffered I/O as we need
         * to allocate a contiguous array for the checksums.
         */
        if (!write)
                len = min_t(u64, len, fs_info->sectorsize * BTRFS_MAX_BIO_SECTORS);

        lockstart = start;
        lockend = start + len - 1;

        /*
         * iomap_dio_rw() only does filemap_write_and_wait_range(), which isn't
         * enough if we've written compressed pages to this area, so we need to
         * flush the dirty pages again to make absolutely sure that any
         * outstanding dirty pages are on disk - the first flush only starts
         * compression on the data, while keeping the pages locked, so by the
         * time the second flush returns we know bios for the compressed pages
         * were submitted and finished, and the pages no longer under writeback.
         *
         * If we have a NOWAIT request and we have any pages in the range that
         * are locked, likely due to compression still in progress, we don't want
         * to block on page locks. We also don't want to block on pages marked as
         * dirty or under writeback (same as for the non-compression case).
         * iomap_dio_rw() did the same check, but after that and before we got
         * here, mmap'ed writes may have happened or buffered reads started
         * (readpage() and readahead(), which lock pages), as we haven't locked
         * the file range yet.
         */
        if (test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_HAS_ASYNC_EXTENT,
                     &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags)) {
                if (flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT) {
                        if (filemap_range_needs_writeback(inode->i_mapping,
                                                          lockstart, lockend))
                                return -EAGAIN;
                } else {
                        ret = filemap_fdatawrite_range(inode->i_mapping, start,
                                                       start + length - 1);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
        }

        memset(dio_data, 0, sizeof(*dio_data));

        /*
         * We always try to allocate data space and must do it before locking
         * the file range, to avoid deadlocks with concurrent writes to the same
         * range if the range has several extents and the writes don't expand the
         * current i_size (the inode lock is taken in shared mode). If we fail to
         * allocate data space here we continue and later, after locking the
         * file range, we fail with ENOSPC only if we figure out we can not do a
         * NOCOW write.
         */
        if (write && !(flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT)) {
                ret = btrfs_check_data_free_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
                                                  &dio_data->data_reserved,
                                                  start, data_alloc_len, false);
                if (!ret)
                        dio_data->data_space_reserved = true;
                else if (ret && !(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags &
                                  (BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW | BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC)))
                        goto err;
        }

        /*
         * If this errors out it's because we couldn't invalidate pagecache for
         * this range and we need to fallback to buffered IO, or we are doing a
         * NOWAIT read/write and we need to block.
         */
        ret = lock_extent_direct(inode, lockstart, lockend, &cached_state, flags);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err;

        em = btrfs_get_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, start, len);
        if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                goto unlock_err;
        }

        /*
         * Ok for INLINE and COMPRESSED extents we need to fallback on buffered
         * io.  INLINE is special, and we could probably kludge it in here, but
         * it's still buffered so for safety lets just fall back to the generic
         * buffered path.
         *
         * For COMPRESSED we _have_ to read the entire extent in so we can
         * decompress it, so there will be buffering required no matter what we
         * do, so go ahead and fallback to buffered.
         *
         * We return -ENOTBLK because that's what makes DIO go ahead and go back
         * to buffered IO.  Don't blame me, this is the price we pay for using
         * the generic code.
         */
        if (extent_map_is_compressed(em) ||
            em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_INLINE) {
                free_extent_map(em);
                /*
                 * If we are in a NOWAIT context, return -EAGAIN in order to
                 * fallback to buffered IO. This is not only because we can
                 * block with buffered IO (no support for NOWAIT semantics at
                 * the moment) but also to avoid returning short reads to user
                 * space - this happens if we were able to read some data from
                 * previous non-compressed extents and then when we fallback to
                 * buffered IO, at btrfs_file_read_iter() by calling
                 * filemap_read(), we fail to fault in pages for the read buffer,
                 * in which case filemap_read() returns a short read (the number
                 * of bytes previously read is > 0, so it does not return -EFAULT).
                 */
                ret = (flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT) ? -EAGAIN : -ENOTBLK;
                goto unlock_err;
        }

        len = min(len, em->len - (start - em->start));

        /*
         * If we have a NOWAIT request and the range contains multiple extents
         * (or a mix of extents and holes), then we return -EAGAIN to make the
         * caller fallback to a context where it can do a blocking (without
         * NOWAIT) request. This way we avoid doing partial IO and returning
         * success to the caller, which is not optimal for writes and for reads
         * it can result in unexpected behaviour for an application.
         *
         * When doing a read, because we use IOMAP_DIO_PARTIAL when calling
         * iomap_dio_rw(), we can end up returning less data then what the caller
         * asked for, resulting in an unexpected, and incorrect, short read.
         * That is, the caller asked to read N bytes and we return less than that,
         * which is wrong unless we are crossing EOF. This happens if we get a
         * page fault error when trying to fault in pages for the buffer that is
         * associated to the struct iov_iter passed to iomap_dio_rw(), and we
         * have previously submitted bios for other extents in the range, in
         * which case iomap_dio_rw() may return us EIOCBQUEUED if not all of
         * those bios have completed by the time we get the page fault error,
         * which we return back to our caller - we should only return EIOCBQUEUED
         * after we have submitted bios for all the extents in the range.
         */
        if ((flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT) && len < length) {
                free_extent_map(em);
                ret = -EAGAIN;
                goto unlock_err;
        }

        if (write) {
                ret = btrfs_get_blocks_direct_write(&em, inode, dio_data,
                                                    start, &len, flags);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto unlock_err;
                unlock_extents = true;
                /* Recalc len in case the new em is smaller than requested */
                len = min(len, em->len - (start - em->start));
                if (dio_data->data_space_reserved) {
                        u64 release_offset;
                        u64 release_len = 0;

                        if (dio_data->nocow_done) {
                                release_offset = start;
                                release_len = data_alloc_len;
                        } else if (len < data_alloc_len) {
                                release_offset = start + len;
                                release_len = data_alloc_len - len;
                        }

                        if (release_len > 0)
                                btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
                                                               dio_data->data_reserved,
                                                               release_offset,
                                                               release_len);
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * We need to unlock only the end area that we aren't using.
                 * The rest is going to be unlocked by the endio routine.
                 */
                lockstart = start + len;
                if (lockstart < lockend)
                        unlock_extents = true;
        }

        if (unlock_extents)
                unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
                              &cached_state);
        else
                free_extent_state(cached_state);

        /*
         * Translate extent map information to iomap.
         * We trim the extents (and move the addr) even though iomap code does
         * that, since we have locked only the parts we are performing I/O in.
         */
        if ((em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE) ||
            ((em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC) && !write)) {
                iomap->addr = IOMAP_NULL_ADDR;
                iomap->type = IOMAP_HOLE;
        } else {
                iomap->addr = em->block_start + (start - em->start);
                iomap->type = IOMAP_MAPPED;
        }
        iomap->offset = start;
        iomap->bdev = fs_info->fs_devices->latest_dev->bdev;
        iomap->length = len;
        free_extent_map(em);

        return 0;

unlock_err:
        unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, lockstart, lockend,
                      &cached_state);
err:
        if (dio_data->data_space_reserved) {
                btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
                                               dio_data->data_reserved,
                                               start, data_alloc_len);
                extent_changeset_free(dio_data->data_reserved);
        }

        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_dio_iomap_end(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, loff_t length,
                ssize_t written, unsigned int flags, struct iomap *iomap)
{
        struct iomap_iter *iter = container_of(iomap, struct iomap_iter, iomap);
        struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data = iter->private;
        size_t submitted = dio_data->submitted;
        const bool write = !!(flags & IOMAP_WRITE);
        int ret = 0;

        if (!write && (iomap->type == IOMAP_HOLE)) {
                /* If reading from a hole, unlock and return */
                unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, pos, pos + length - 1,
                              NULL);
                return 0;
        }

        if (submitted < length) {
                pos += submitted;
                length -= submitted;
                if (write)
                        btrfs_finish_ordered_extent(dio_data->ordered, NULL,
                                                    pos, length, false);
                else
                        unlock_extent(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, pos,
                                      pos + length - 1, NULL);
                ret = -ENOTBLK;
        }
        if (write) {
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(dio_data->ordered);
                dio_data->ordered = NULL;
        }

        if (write)
                extent_changeset_free(dio_data->data_reserved);
        return ret;
}

static void btrfs_dio_end_io(struct btrfs_bio *bbio)
{
        struct btrfs_dio_private *dip =
                container_of(bbio, struct btrfs_dio_private, bbio);
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = bbio->inode;
        struct bio *bio = &bbio->bio;

        if (bio->bi_status) {
                btrfs_warn(inode->root->fs_info,
                "direct IO failed ino %llu op 0x%0x offset %#llx len %u err no %d",
                           btrfs_ino(inode), bio->bi_opf,
                           dip->file_offset, dip->bytes, bio->bi_status);
        }

        if (btrfs_op(bio) == BTRFS_MAP_WRITE) {
                btrfs_finish_ordered_extent(bbio->ordered, NULL,
                                            dip->file_offset, dip->bytes,
                                            !bio->bi_status);
        } else {
                unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, dip->file_offset,
                              dip->file_offset + dip->bytes - 1, NULL);
        }

        bbio->bio.bi_private = bbio->private;
        iomap_dio_bio_end_io(bio);
}

static void btrfs_dio_submit_io(const struct iomap_iter *iter, struct bio *bio,
                                loff_t file_offset)
{
        struct btrfs_bio *bbio = btrfs_bio(bio);
        struct btrfs_dio_private *dip =
                container_of(bbio, struct btrfs_dio_private, bbio);
        struct btrfs_dio_data *dio_data = iter->private;

        btrfs_bio_init(bbio, BTRFS_I(iter->inode)->root->fs_info,
                       btrfs_dio_end_io, bio->bi_private);
        bbio->inode = BTRFS_I(iter->inode);
        bbio->file_offset = file_offset;

        dip->file_offset = file_offset;
        dip->bytes = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;

        dio_data->submitted += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;

        /*
         * Check if we are doing a partial write.  If we are, we need to split
         * the ordered extent to match the submitted bio.  Hang on to the
         * remaining unfinishable ordered_extent in dio_data so that it can be
         * cancelled in iomap_end to avoid a deadlock wherein faulting the
         * remaining pages is blocked on the outstanding ordered extent.
         */
        if (iter->flags & IOMAP_WRITE) {
                int ret;

                ret = btrfs_extract_ordered_extent(bbio, dio_data->ordered);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_finish_ordered_extent(dio_data->ordered, NULL,
                                                    file_offset, dip->bytes,
                                                    !ret);
                        bio->bi_status = errno_to_blk_status(ret);
                        iomap_dio_bio_end_io(bio);
                        return;
                }
        }

        btrfs_submit_bio(bbio, 0);
}

static const struct iomap_ops btrfs_dio_iomap_ops = {
        .iomap_begin            = btrfs_dio_iomap_begin,
        .iomap_end              = btrfs_dio_iomap_end,
};

static const struct iomap_dio_ops btrfs_dio_ops = {
        .submit_io              = btrfs_dio_submit_io,
        .bio_set                = &btrfs_dio_bioset,
};

ssize_t btrfs_dio_read(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter, size_t done_before)
{
        struct btrfs_dio_data data = { 0 };

        return iomap_dio_rw(iocb, iter, &btrfs_dio_iomap_ops, &btrfs_dio_ops,
                            IOMAP_DIO_PARTIAL, &data, done_before);
}

struct iomap_dio *btrfs_dio_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
                                  size_t done_before)
{
        struct btrfs_dio_data data = { 0 };

        return __iomap_dio_rw(iocb, iter, &btrfs_dio_iomap_ops, &btrfs_dio_ops,
                            IOMAP_DIO_PARTIAL, &data, done_before);
}

static int btrfs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
                        u64 start, u64 len)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *btrfs_inode = BTRFS_I(inode);
        int     ret;

        ret = fiemap_prep(inode, fieinfo, start, &len, 0);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /*
         * fiemap_prep() called filemap_write_and_wait() for the whole possible
         * file range (0 to LLONG_MAX), but that is not enough if we have
         * compression enabled. The first filemap_fdatawrite_range() only kicks
         * in the compression of data (in an async thread) and will return
         * before the compression is done and writeback is started. A second
         * filemap_fdatawrite_range() is needed to wait for the compression to
         * complete and writeback to start. We also need to wait for ordered
         * extents to complete, because our fiemap implementation uses mainly
         * file extent items to list the extents, searching for extent maps
         * only for file ranges with holes or prealloc extents to figure out
         * if we have delalloc in those ranges.
         */
        if (fieinfo->fi_flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC) {
                ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, LLONG_MAX);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        btrfs_inode_lock(btrfs_inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);

        /*
         * We did an initial flush to avoid holding the inode's lock while
         * triggering writeback and waiting for the completion of IO and ordered
         * extents. Now after we locked the inode we do it again, because it's
         * possible a new write may have happened in between those two steps.
         */
        if (fieinfo->fi_flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC) {
                ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, LLONG_MAX);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_inode_unlock(btrfs_inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
                        return ret;
                }
        }

        ret = extent_fiemap(btrfs_inode, fieinfo, start, len);
        btrfs_inode_unlock(btrfs_inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);

        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
                            struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        return extent_writepages(mapping, wbc);
}

static void btrfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
{
        extent_readahead(rac);
}

/*
 * For release_folio() and invalidate_folio() we have a race window where
 * folio_end_writeback() is called but the subpage spinlock is not yet released.
 * If we continue to release/invalidate the page, we could cause use-after-free
 * for subpage spinlock.  So this function is to spin and wait for subpage
 * spinlock.
 */
static void wait_subpage_spinlock(struct page *page)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = page_to_fs_info(page);
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
        struct btrfs_subpage *subpage;

        if (!btrfs_is_subpage(fs_info, page->mapping))
                return;

        ASSERT(folio_test_private(folio) && folio_get_private(folio));
        subpage = folio_get_private(folio);

        /*
         * This may look insane as we just acquire the spinlock and release it,
         * without doing anything.  But we just want to make sure no one is
         * still holding the subpage spinlock.
         * And since the page is not dirty nor writeback, and we have page
         * locked, the only possible way to hold a spinlock is from the endio
         * function to clear page writeback.
         *
         * Here we just acquire the spinlock so that all existing callers
         * should exit and we're safe to release/invalidate the page.
         */
        spin_lock_irq(&subpage->lock);
        spin_unlock_irq(&subpage->lock);
}

static bool __btrfs_release_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
        int ret = try_release_extent_mapping(&folio->page, gfp_flags);

        if (ret == 1) {
                wait_subpage_spinlock(&folio->page);
                clear_page_extent_mapped(&folio->page);
        }
        return ret;
}

static bool btrfs_release_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
        if (folio_test_writeback(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio))
                return false;
        return __btrfs_release_folio(folio, gfp_flags);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
static int btrfs_migrate_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
                             struct folio *dst, struct folio *src,
                             enum migrate_mode mode)
{
        int ret = filemap_migrate_folio(mapping, dst, src, mode);

        if (ret != MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS)
                return ret;

        if (folio_test_ordered(src)) {
                folio_clear_ordered(src);
                folio_set_ordered(dst);
        }

        return MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS;
}
#else
#define btrfs_migrate_folio NULL
#endif

static void btrfs_invalidate_folio(struct folio *folio, size_t offset,
                                 size_t length)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = folio_to_inode(folio);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        u64 page_start = folio_pos(folio);
        u64 page_end = page_start + folio_size(folio) - 1;
        u64 cur;
        int inode_evicting = inode->vfs_inode.i_state & I_FREEING;

        /*
         * We have folio locked so no new ordered extent can be created on this
         * page, nor bio can be submitted for this folio.
         *
         * But already submitted bio can still be finished on this folio.
         * Furthermore, endio function won't skip folio which has Ordered
         * (Private2) already cleared, so it's possible for endio and
         * invalidate_folio to do the same ordered extent accounting twice
         * on one folio.
         *
         * So here we wait for any submitted bios to finish, so that we won't
         * do double ordered extent accounting on the same folio.
         */
        folio_wait_writeback(folio);
        wait_subpage_spinlock(&folio->page);

        /*
         * For subpage case, we have call sites like
         * btrfs_punch_hole_lock_range() which passes range not aligned to
         * sectorsize.
         * If the range doesn't cover the full folio, we don't need to and
         * shouldn't clear page extent mapped, as folio->private can still
         * record subpage dirty bits for other part of the range.
         *
         * For cases that invalidate the full folio even the range doesn't
         * cover the full folio, like invalidating the last folio, we're
         * still safe to wait for ordered extent to finish.
         */
        if (!(offset == 0 && length == folio_size(folio))) {
                btrfs_release_folio(folio, GFP_NOFS);
                return;
        }

        if (!inode_evicting)
                lock_extent(tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);

        cur = page_start;
        while (cur < page_end) {
                struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
                u64 range_end;
                u32 range_len;
                u32 extra_flags = 0;

                ordered = btrfs_lookup_first_ordered_range(inode, cur,
                                                           page_end + 1 - cur);
                if (!ordered) {
                        range_end = page_end;
                        /*
                         * No ordered extent covering this range, we are safe
                         * to delete all extent states in the range.
                         */
                        extra_flags = EXTENT_CLEAR_ALL_BITS;
                        goto next;
                }
                if (ordered->file_offset > cur) {
                        /*
                         * There is a range between [cur, oe->file_offset) not
                         * covered by any ordered extent.
                         * We are safe to delete all extent states, and handle
                         * the ordered extent in the next iteration.
                         */
                        range_end = ordered->file_offset - 1;
                        extra_flags = EXTENT_CLEAR_ALL_BITS;
                        goto next;
                }

                range_end = min(ordered->file_offset + ordered->num_bytes - 1,
                                page_end);
                ASSERT(range_end + 1 - cur < U32_MAX);
                range_len = range_end + 1 - cur;
                if (!btrfs_folio_test_ordered(fs_info, folio, cur, range_len)) {
                        /*
                         * If Ordered (Private2) is cleared, it means endio has
                         * already been executed for the range.
                         * We can't delete the extent states as
                         * btrfs_finish_ordered_io() may still use some of them.
                         */
                        goto next;
                }
                btrfs_folio_clear_ordered(fs_info, folio, cur, range_len);

                /*
                 * IO on this page will never be started, so we need to account
                 * for any ordered extents now. Don't clear EXTENT_DELALLOC_NEW
                 * here, must leave that up for the ordered extent completion.
                 *
                 * This will also unlock the range for incoming
                 * btrfs_finish_ordered_io().
                 */
                if (!inode_evicting)
                        clear_extent_bit(tree, cur, range_end,
                                         EXTENT_DELALLOC |
                                         EXTENT_LOCKED | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING |
                                         EXTENT_DEFRAG, &cached_state);

                spin_lock_irq(&inode->ordered_tree_lock);
                set_bit(BTRFS_ORDERED_TRUNCATED, &ordered->flags);
                ordered->truncated_len = min(ordered->truncated_len,
                                             cur - ordered->file_offset);
                spin_unlock_irq(&inode->ordered_tree_lock);

                /*
                 * If the ordered extent has finished, we're safe to delete all
                 * the extent states of the range, otherwise
                 * btrfs_finish_ordered_io() will get executed by endio for
                 * other pages, so we can't delete extent states.
                 */
                if (btrfs_dec_test_ordered_pending(inode, &ordered,
                                                   cur, range_end + 1 - cur)) {
                        btrfs_finish_ordered_io(ordered);
                        /*
                         * The ordered extent has finished, now we're again
                         * safe to delete all extent states of the range.
                         */
                        extra_flags = EXTENT_CLEAR_ALL_BITS;
                }
next:
                if (ordered)
                        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                /*
                 * Qgroup reserved space handler
                 * Sector(s) here will be either:
                 *
                 * 1) Already written to disk or bio already finished
                 *    Then its QGROUP_RESERVED bit in io_tree is already cleared.
                 *    Qgroup will be handled by its qgroup_record then.
                 *    btrfs_qgroup_free_data() call will do nothing here.
                 *
                 * 2) Not written to disk yet
                 *    Then btrfs_qgroup_free_data() call will clear the
                 *    QGROUP_RESERVED bit of its io_tree, and free the qgroup
                 *    reserved data space.
                 *    Since the IO will never happen for this page.
                 */
                btrfs_qgroup_free_data(inode, NULL, cur, range_end + 1 - cur, NULL);
                if (!inode_evicting) {
                        clear_extent_bit(tree, cur, range_end, EXTENT_LOCKED |
                                 EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_UPTODATE |
                                 EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING | EXTENT_DEFRAG |
                                 extra_flags, &cached_state);
                }
                cur = range_end + 1;
        }
        /*
         * We have iterated through all ordered extents of the page, the page
         * should not have Ordered (Private2) anymore, or the above iteration
         * did something wrong.
         */
        ASSERT(!folio_test_ordered(folio));
        btrfs_folio_clear_checked(fs_info, folio, folio_pos(folio), folio_size(folio));
        if (!inode_evicting)
                __btrfs_release_folio(folio, GFP_NOFS);
        clear_page_extent_mapped(&folio->page);
}

/*
 * btrfs_page_mkwrite() is not allowed to change the file size as it gets
 * called from a page fault handler when a page is first dirtied. Hence we must
 * be careful to check for EOF conditions here. We set the page up correctly
 * for a written page which means we get ENOSPC checking when writing into
 * holes and correct delalloc and unwritten extent mapping on filesystems that
 * support these features.
 *
 * We are not allowed to take the i_mutex here so we have to play games to
 * protect against truncate races as the page could now be beyond EOF.  Because
 * truncate_setsize() writes the inode size before removing pages, once we have
 * the page lock we can determine safely if the page is beyond EOF. If it is not
 * beyond EOF, then the page is guaranteed safe against truncation until we
 * unlock the page.
 */
vm_fault_t btrfs_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct page *page = vmf->page;
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vmf->vma->vm_file);
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
        unsigned long zero_start;
        loff_t size;
        vm_fault_t ret;
        int ret2;
        int reserved = 0;
        u64 reserved_space;
        u64 page_start;
        u64 page_end;
        u64 end;

        ASSERT(folio_order(folio) == 0);

        reserved_space = PAGE_SIZE;

        sb_start_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
        page_start = page_offset(page);
        page_end = page_start + PAGE_SIZE - 1;
        end = page_end;

        /*
         * Reserving delalloc space after obtaining the page lock can lead to
         * deadlock. For example, if a dirty page is locked by this function
         * and the call to btrfs_delalloc_reserve_space() ends up triggering
         * dirty page write out, then the btrfs_writepages() function could
         * end up waiting indefinitely to get a lock on the page currently
         * being processed by btrfs_page_mkwrite() function.
         */
        ret2 = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_space(BTRFS_I(inode), &data_reserved,
                                            page_start, reserved_space);
        if (!ret2) {
                ret2 = file_update_time(vmf->vma->vm_file);
                reserved = 1;
        }
        if (ret2) {
                ret = vmf_error(ret2);
                if (reserved)
                        goto out;
                goto out_noreserve;
        }

        ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE; /* make the VM retry the fault */
again:
        down_read(&BTRFS_I(inode)->i_mmap_lock);
        lock_page(page);
        size = i_size_read(inode);

        if ((page->mapping != inode->i_mapping) ||
            (page_start >= size)) {
                /* page got truncated out from underneath us */
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        wait_on_page_writeback(page);

        lock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
        ret2 = set_page_extent_mapped(page);
        if (ret2 < 0) {
                ret = vmf_error(ret2);
                unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        /*
         * we can't set the delalloc bits if there are pending ordered
         * extents.  Drop our locks and wait for them to finish
         */
        ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(BTRFS_I(inode), page_start,
                        PAGE_SIZE);
        if (ordered) {
                unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
                unlock_page(page);
                up_read(&BTRFS_I(inode)->i_mmap_lock);
                btrfs_start_ordered_extent(ordered);
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                goto again;
        }

        if (page->index == ((size - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT)) {
                reserved_space = round_up(size - page_start,
                                          fs_info->sectorsize);
                if (reserved_space < PAGE_SIZE) {
                        end = page_start + reserved_space - 1;
                        btrfs_delalloc_release_space(BTRFS_I(inode),
                                        data_reserved, page_start,
                                        PAGE_SIZE - reserved_space, true);
                }
        }

        /*
         * page_mkwrite gets called when the page is firstly dirtied after it's
         * faulted in, but write(2) could also dirty a page and set delalloc
         * bits, thus in this case for space account reason, we still need to
         * clear any delalloc bits within this page range since we have to
         * reserve data&meta space before lock_page() (see above comments).
         */
        clear_extent_bit(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree, page_start, end,
                          EXTENT_DELALLOC | EXTENT_DO_ACCOUNTING |
                          EXTENT_DEFRAG, &cached_state);

        ret2 = btrfs_set_extent_delalloc(BTRFS_I(inode), page_start, end, 0,
                                        &cached_state);
        if (ret2) {
                unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
                ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        /* page is wholly or partially inside EOF */
        if (page_start + PAGE_SIZE > size)
                zero_start = offset_in_page(size);
        else
                zero_start = PAGE_SIZE;

        if (zero_start != PAGE_SIZE)
                memzero_page(page, zero_start, PAGE_SIZE - zero_start);

        btrfs_folio_clear_checked(fs_info, folio, page_start, PAGE_SIZE);
        btrfs_folio_set_dirty(fs_info, folio, page_start, end + 1 - page_start);
        btrfs_folio_set_uptodate(fs_info, folio, page_start, end + 1 - page_start);

        btrfs_set_inode_last_sub_trans(BTRFS_I(inode));

        unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, &cached_state);
        up_read(&BTRFS_I(inode)->i_mmap_lock);

        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), PAGE_SIZE);
        sb_end_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
        extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
        return VM_FAULT_LOCKED;

out_unlock:
        unlock_page(page);
        up_read(&BTRFS_I(inode)->i_mmap_lock);
out:
        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(BTRFS_I(inode), PAGE_SIZE);
        btrfs_delalloc_release_space(BTRFS_I(inode), data_reserved, page_start,
                                     reserved_space, (ret != 0));
out_noreserve:
        sb_end_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
        extent_changeset_free(data_reserved);
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_truncate(struct btrfs_inode *inode, bool skip_writeback)
{
        struct btrfs_truncate_control control = {
                .inode = inode,
                .ino = btrfs_ino(inode),
                .min_type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY,
                .clear_extent_range = true,
        };
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_block_rsv *rsv;
        int ret;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        u64 mask = fs_info->sectorsize - 1;
        const u64 min_size = btrfs_calc_metadata_size(fs_info, 1);

        if (!skip_writeback) {
                ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(&inode->vfs_inode,
                                               inode->vfs_inode.i_size & (~mask),
                                               (u64)-1);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        /*
         * Yes ladies and gentlemen, this is indeed ugly.  We have a couple of
         * things going on here:
         *
         * 1) We need to reserve space to update our inode.
         *
         * 2) We need to have something to cache all the space that is going to
         * be free'd up by the truncate operation, but also have some slack
         * space reserved in case it uses space during the truncate (thank you
         * very much snapshotting).
         *
         * And we need these to be separate.  The fact is we can use a lot of
         * space doing the truncate, and we have no earthly idea how much space
         * we will use, so we need the truncate reservation to be separate so it
         * doesn't end up using space reserved for updating the inode.  We also
         * need to be able to stop the transaction and start a new one, which
         * means we need to be able to update the inode several times, and we
         * have no idea of knowing how many times that will be, so we can't just
         * reserve 1 item for the entirety of the operation, so that has to be
         * done separately as well.
         *
         * So that leaves us with
         *
         * 1) rsv - for the truncate reservation, which we will steal from the
         * transaction reservation.
         * 2) fs_info->trans_block_rsv - this will have 1 items worth left for
         * updating the inode.
         */
        rsv = btrfs_alloc_block_rsv(fs_info, BTRFS_BLOCK_RSV_TEMP);
        if (!rsv)
                return -ENOMEM;
        rsv->size = min_size;
        rsv->failfast = true;

        /*
         * 1 for the truncate slack space
         * 1 for updating the inode.
         */
        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 2);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out;
        }

        /* Migrate the slack space for the truncate to our reserve */
        ret = btrfs_block_rsv_migrate(&fs_info->trans_block_rsv, rsv,
                                      min_size, false);
        /*
         * We have reserved 2 metadata units when we started the transaction and
         * min_size matches 1 unit, so this should never fail, but if it does,
         * it's not critical we just fail truncation.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(ret)) {
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                goto out;
        }

        trans->block_rsv = rsv;

        while (1) {
                struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
                const u64 new_size = inode->vfs_inode.i_size;
                const u64 lock_start = ALIGN_DOWN(new_size, fs_info->sectorsize);

                control.new_size = new_size;
                lock_extent(&inode->io_tree, lock_start, (u64)-1, &cached_state);
                /*
                 * We want to drop from the next block forward in case this new
                 * size is not block aligned since we will be keeping the last
                 * block of the extent just the way it is.
                 */
                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode,
                                            ALIGN(new_size, fs_info->sectorsize),
                                            (u64)-1, false);

                ret = btrfs_truncate_inode_items(trans, root, &control);

                inode_sub_bytes(&inode->vfs_inode, control.sub_bytes);
                btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(inode, control.last_size);

                unlock_extent(&inode->io_tree, lock_start, (u64)-1, &cached_state);

                trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
                if (ret != -ENOSPC && ret != -EAGAIN)
                        break;

                ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
                if (ret)
                        break;

                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);

                trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 2);
                if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                        trans = NULL;
                        break;
                }

                btrfs_block_rsv_release(fs_info, rsv, -1, NULL);
                ret = btrfs_block_rsv_migrate(&fs_info->trans_block_rsv,
                                              rsv, min_size, false);
                /*
                 * We have reserved 2 metadata units when we started the
                 * transaction and min_size matches 1 unit, so this should never
                 * fail, but if it does, it's not critical we just fail truncation.
                 */
                if (WARN_ON(ret))
                        break;

                trans->block_rsv = rsv;
        }

        /*
         * We can't call btrfs_truncate_block inside a trans handle as we could
         * deadlock with freeze, if we got BTRFS_NEED_TRUNCATE_BLOCK then we
         * know we've truncated everything except the last little bit, and can
         * do btrfs_truncate_block and then update the disk_i_size.
         */
        if (ret == BTRFS_NEED_TRUNCATE_BLOCK) {
                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);

                ret = btrfs_truncate_block(inode, inode->vfs_inode.i_size, 0, 0);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
                trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
                if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                        goto out;
                }
                btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(inode, 0);
        }

        if (trans) {
                int ret2;

                trans->block_rsv = &fs_info->trans_block_rsv;
                ret2 = btrfs_update_inode(trans, inode);
                if (ret2 && !ret)
                        ret = ret2;

                ret2 = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                if (ret2 && !ret)
                        ret = ret2;
                btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
        }
out:
        btrfs_free_block_rsv(fs_info, rsv);
        /*
         * So if we truncate and then write and fsync we normally would just
         * write the extents that changed, which is a problem if we need to
         * first truncate that entire inode.  So set this flag so we write out
         * all of the extents in the inode to the sync log so we're completely
         * safe.
         *
         * If no extents were dropped or trimmed we don't need to force the next
         * fsync to truncate all the inode's items from the log and re-log them
         * all. This means the truncate operation did not change the file size,
         * or changed it to a smaller size but there was only an implicit hole
         * between the old i_size and the new i_size, and there were no prealloc
         * extents beyond i_size to drop.
         */
        if (control.extents_found > 0)
                btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(inode);

        return ret;
}

struct inode *btrfs_new_subvol_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                     struct inode *dir)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (inode) {
                /*
                 * Subvolumes don't inherit the sgid bit or the parent's gid if
                 * the parent's sgid bit is set. This is probably a bug.
                 */
                inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, NULL,
                                 S_IFDIR | (~current_umask() & S_IRWXUGO));
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_dir_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &btrfs_dir_file_operations;
        }
        return inode;
}

struct inode *btrfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = btrfs_sb(sb);
        struct btrfs_inode *ei;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct extent_io_tree *file_extent_tree = NULL;

        /* Self tests may pass a NULL fs_info. */
        if (fs_info && !btrfs_fs_incompat(fs_info, NO_HOLES)) {
                file_extent_tree = kmalloc(sizeof(struct extent_io_tree), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!file_extent_tree)
                        return NULL;
        }

        ei = alloc_inode_sb(sb, btrfs_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ei) {
                kfree(file_extent_tree);
                return NULL;
        }

        ei->root = NULL;
        ei->generation = 0;
        ei->last_trans = 0;
        ei->last_sub_trans = 0;
        ei->logged_trans = 0;
        ei->delalloc_bytes = 0;
        ei->new_delalloc_bytes = 0;
        ei->defrag_bytes = 0;
        ei->disk_i_size = 0;
        ei->flags = 0;
        ei->ro_flags = 0;
        ei->csum_bytes = 0;
        ei->index_cnt = (u64)-1;
        ei->dir_index = 0;
        ei->last_unlink_trans = 0;
        ei->last_reflink_trans = 0;
        ei->last_log_commit = 0;

        spin_lock_init(&ei->lock);
        ei->outstanding_extents = 0;
        if (sb->s_magic != BTRFS_TEST_MAGIC)
                btrfs_init_metadata_block_rsv(fs_info, &ei->block_rsv,
                                              BTRFS_BLOCK_RSV_DELALLOC);
        ei->runtime_flags = 0;
        ei->prop_compress = BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE;
        ei->defrag_compress = BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE;

        ei->delayed_node = NULL;

        ei->i_otime_sec = 0;
        ei->i_otime_nsec = 0;

        inode = &ei->vfs_inode;
        extent_map_tree_init(&ei->extent_tree);

        /* This io tree sets the valid inode. */
        extent_io_tree_init(fs_info, &ei->io_tree, IO_TREE_INODE_IO);
        ei->io_tree.inode = ei;

        ei->file_extent_tree = file_extent_tree;
        if (file_extent_tree) {
                extent_io_tree_init(fs_info, ei->file_extent_tree,
                                    IO_TREE_INODE_FILE_EXTENT);
                /* Lockdep class is set only for the file extent tree. */
                lockdep_set_class(&ei->file_extent_tree->lock, &file_extent_tree_class);
        }
        mutex_init(&ei->log_mutex);
        spin_lock_init(&ei->ordered_tree_lock);
        ei->ordered_tree = RB_ROOT;
        ei->ordered_tree_last = NULL;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->delalloc_inodes);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->delayed_iput);
        RB_CLEAR_NODE(&ei->rb_node);
        init_rwsem(&ei->i_mmap_lock);

        return inode;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_BTRFS_FS_RUN_SANITY_TESTS
void btrfs_test_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(BTRFS_I(inode), 0, (u64)-1, false);
        kfree(BTRFS_I(inode)->file_extent_tree);
        kmem_cache_free(btrfs_inode_cachep, BTRFS_I(inode));
}
#endif

void btrfs_free_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        kfree(BTRFS_I(inode)->file_extent_tree);
        kmem_cache_free(btrfs_inode_cachep, BTRFS_I(inode));
}

void btrfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *vfs_inode)
{
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(vfs_inode);
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        bool freespace_inode;

        WARN_ON(!hlist_empty(&vfs_inode->i_dentry));
        WARN_ON(vfs_inode->i_data.nrpages);
        WARN_ON(inode->block_rsv.reserved);
        WARN_ON(inode->block_rsv.size);
        WARN_ON(inode->outstanding_extents);
        if (!S_ISDIR(vfs_inode->i_mode)) {
                WARN_ON(inode->delalloc_bytes);
                WARN_ON(inode->new_delalloc_bytes);
        }
        WARN_ON(inode->csum_bytes);
        WARN_ON(inode->defrag_bytes);

        /*
         * This can happen where we create an inode, but somebody else also
         * created the same inode and we need to destroy the one we already
         * created.
         */
        if (!root)
                return;

        /*
         * If this is a free space inode do not take the ordered extents lockdep
         * map.
         */
        freespace_inode = btrfs_is_free_space_inode(inode);

        while (1) {
                ordered = btrfs_lookup_first_ordered_extent(inode, (u64)-1);
                if (!ordered)
                        break;
                else {
                        btrfs_err(root->fs_info,
                                  "found ordered extent %llu %llu on inode cleanup",
                                  ordered->file_offset, ordered->num_bytes);

                        if (!freespace_inode)
                                btrfs_lockdep_acquire(root->fs_info, btrfs_ordered_extent);

                        btrfs_remove_ordered_extent(inode, ordered);
                        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                }
        }
        btrfs_qgroup_check_reserved_leak(inode);
        inode_tree_del(inode);
        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1, false);
        btrfs_inode_clear_file_extent_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1);
        btrfs_put_root(inode->root);
}

int btrfs_drop_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;

        if (root == NULL)
                return 1;

        /* the snap/subvol tree is on deleting */
        if (btrfs_root_refs(&root->root_item) == 0)
                return 1;
        else
                return generic_drop_inode(inode);
}

static void init_once(void *foo)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *ei = foo;

        inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode);
}

void __cold btrfs_destroy_cachep(void)
{
        /*
         * Make sure all delayed rcu free inodes are flushed before we
         * destroy cache.
         */
        rcu_barrier();
        bioset_exit(&btrfs_dio_bioset);
        kmem_cache_destroy(btrfs_inode_cachep);
}

int __init btrfs_init_cachep(void)
{
        btrfs_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("btrfs_inode",
                        sizeof(struct btrfs_inode), 0,
                        SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_ACCOUNT,
                        init_once);
        if (!btrfs_inode_cachep)
                goto fail;

        if (bioset_init(&btrfs_dio_bioset, BIO_POOL_SIZE,
                        offsetof(struct btrfs_dio_private, bbio.bio),
                        BIOSET_NEED_BVECS))
                goto fail;

        return 0;
fail:
        btrfs_destroy_cachep();
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int btrfs_getattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                         const struct path *path, struct kstat *stat,
                         u32 request_mask, unsigned int flags)
{
        u64 delalloc_bytes;
        u64 inode_bytes;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(path->dentry);
        u32 blocksize = btrfs_sb(inode->i_sb)->sectorsize;
        u32 bi_flags = BTRFS_I(inode)->flags;
        u32 bi_ro_flags = BTRFS_I(inode)->ro_flags;

        stat->result_mask |= STATX_BTIME;
        stat->btime.tv_sec = BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_sec;
        stat->btime.tv_nsec = BTRFS_I(inode)->i_otime_nsec;
        if (bi_flags & BTRFS_INODE_APPEND)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_APPEND;
        if (bi_flags & BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED;
        if (bi_flags & BTRFS_INODE_IMMUTABLE)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE;
        if (bi_flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODUMP)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_NODUMP;
        if (bi_ro_flags & BTRFS_INODE_RO_VERITY)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_VERITY;

        stat->attributes_mask |= (STATX_ATTR_APPEND |
                                  STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED |
                                  STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE |
                                  STATX_ATTR_NODUMP);

        generic_fillattr(idmap, request_mask, inode, stat);
        stat->dev = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->anon_dev;

        spin_lock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->lock);
        delalloc_bytes = BTRFS_I(inode)->new_delalloc_bytes;
        inode_bytes = inode_get_bytes(inode);
        spin_unlock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->lock);
        stat->blocks = (ALIGN(inode_bytes, blocksize) +
                        ALIGN(delalloc_bytes, blocksize)) >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
        return 0;
}

static int btrfs_rename_exchange(struct inode *old_dir,
                              struct dentry *old_dentry,
                              struct inode *new_dir,
                              struct dentry *new_dentry)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(old_dir);
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        unsigned int trans_num_items;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(old_dir)->root;
        struct btrfs_root *dest = BTRFS_I(new_dir)->root;
        struct inode *new_inode = new_dentry->d_inode;
        struct inode *old_inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
        struct btrfs_rename_ctx old_rename_ctx;
        struct btrfs_rename_ctx new_rename_ctx;
        u64 old_ino = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(old_inode));
        u64 new_ino = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_inode));
        u64 old_idx = 0;
        u64 new_idx = 0;
        int ret;
        int ret2;
        bool need_abort = false;
        struct fscrypt_name old_fname, new_fname;
        struct fscrypt_str *old_name, *new_name;

        /*
         * For non-subvolumes allow exchange only within one subvolume, in the
         * same inode namespace. Two subvolumes (represented as directory) can
         * be exchanged as they're a logical link and have a fixed inode number.
         */
        if (root != dest &&
            (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID ||
             new_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID))
                return -EXDEV;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(old_dir, &old_dentry->d_name, 0, &old_fname);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(new_dir, &new_dentry->d_name, 0, &new_fname);
        if (ret) {
                fscrypt_free_filename(&old_fname);
                return ret;
        }

        old_name = &old_fname.disk_name;
        new_name = &new_fname.disk_name;

        /* close the race window with snapshot create/destroy ioctl */
        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID ||
            new_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                down_read(&fs_info->subvol_sem);

        /*
         * For each inode:
         * 1 to remove old dir item
         * 1 to remove old dir index
         * 1 to add new dir item
         * 1 to add new dir index
         * 1 to update parent inode
         *
         * If the parents are the same, we only need to account for one
         */
        trans_num_items = (old_dir == new_dir ? 9 : 10);
        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                /*
                 * 1 to remove old root ref
                 * 1 to remove old root backref
                 * 1 to add new root ref
                 * 1 to add new root backref
                 */
                trans_num_items += 4;
        } else {
                /*
                 * 1 to update inode item
                 * 1 to remove old inode ref
                 * 1 to add new inode ref
                 */
                trans_num_items += 3;
        }
        if (new_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                trans_num_items += 4;
        else
                trans_num_items += 3;
        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, trans_num_items);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_notrans;
        }

        if (dest != root) {
                ret = btrfs_record_root_in_trans(trans, dest);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_fail;
        }

        /*
         * We need to find a free sequence number both in the source and
         * in the destination directory for the exchange.
         */
        ret = btrfs_set_inode_index(BTRFS_I(new_dir), &old_idx);
        if (ret)
                goto out_fail;
        ret = btrfs_set_inode_index(BTRFS_I(old_dir), &new_idx);
        if (ret)
                goto out_fail;

        BTRFS_I(old_inode)->dir_index = 0ULL;
        BTRFS_I(new_inode)->dir_index = 0ULL;

        /* Reference for the source. */
        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                /* force full log commit if subvolume involved. */
                btrfs_set_log_full_commit(trans);
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_insert_inode_ref(trans, dest, new_name, old_ino,
                                             btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_dir)),
                                             old_idx);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_fail;
                need_abort = true;
        }

        /* And now for the dest. */
        if (new_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                /* force full log commit if subvolume involved. */
                btrfs_set_log_full_commit(trans);
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_insert_inode_ref(trans, root, old_name, new_ino,
                                             btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(old_dir)),
                                             new_idx);
                if (ret) {
                        if (need_abort)
                                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out_fail;
                }
        }

        /* Update inode version and ctime/mtime. */
        inode_inc_iversion(old_dir);
        inode_inc_iversion(new_dir);
        inode_inc_iversion(old_inode);
        inode_inc_iversion(new_inode);
        simple_rename_timestamp(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);

        if (old_dentry->d_parent != new_dentry->d_parent) {
                btrfs_record_unlink_dir(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                        BTRFS_I(old_inode), true);
                btrfs_record_unlink_dir(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir),
                                        BTRFS_I(new_inode), true);
        }

        /* src is a subvolume */
        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                ret = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir), old_dentry);
        } else { /* src is an inode */
                ret = __btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                           BTRFS_I(old_dentry->d_inode),
                                           old_name, &old_rename_ctx);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(old_inode));
        }
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        /* dest is a subvolume */
        if (new_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                ret = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir), new_dentry);
        } else { /* dest is an inode */
                ret = __btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir),
                                           BTRFS_I(new_dentry->d_inode),
                                           new_name, &new_rename_ctx);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(new_inode));
        }
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        ret = btrfs_add_link(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir), BTRFS_I(old_inode),
                             new_name, 0, old_idx);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        ret = btrfs_add_link(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir), BTRFS_I(new_inode),
                             old_name, 0, new_idx);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        if (old_inode->i_nlink == 1)
                BTRFS_I(old_inode)->dir_index = old_idx;
        if (new_inode->i_nlink == 1)
                BTRFS_I(new_inode)->dir_index = new_idx;

        /*
         * Now pin the logs of the roots. We do it to ensure that no other task
         * can sync the logs while we are in progress with the rename, because
         * that could result in an inconsistency in case any of the inodes that
         * are part of this rename operation were logged before.
         */
        if (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_pin_log_trans(root);
        if (new_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_pin_log_trans(dest);

        /* Do the log updates for all inodes. */
        if (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_log_new_name(trans, old_dentry, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                   old_rename_ctx.index, new_dentry->d_parent);
        if (new_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_log_new_name(trans, new_dentry, BTRFS_I(new_dir),
                                   new_rename_ctx.index, old_dentry->d_parent);

        /* Now unpin the logs. */
        if (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_end_log_trans(root);
        if (new_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_end_log_trans(dest);
out_fail:
        ret2 = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        ret = ret ? ret : ret2;
out_notrans:
        if (new_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID ||
            old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                up_read(&fs_info->subvol_sem);

        fscrypt_free_filename(&new_fname);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&old_fname);
        return ret;
}

static struct inode *new_whiteout_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                        struct inode *dir)
{
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (inode) {
                inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir,
                                 S_IFCHR | WHITEOUT_MODE);
                inode->i_op = &btrfs_special_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, WHITEOUT_DEV);
        }
        return inode;
}

static int btrfs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                        struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
                        struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry,
                        unsigned int flags)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(old_dir);
        struct btrfs_new_inode_args whiteout_args = {
                .dir = old_dir,
                .dentry = old_dentry,
        };
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        unsigned int trans_num_items;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(old_dir)->root;
        struct btrfs_root *dest = BTRFS_I(new_dir)->root;
        struct inode *new_inode = d_inode(new_dentry);
        struct inode *old_inode = d_inode(old_dentry);
        struct btrfs_rename_ctx rename_ctx;
        u64 index = 0;
        int ret;
        int ret2;
        u64 old_ino = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(old_inode));
        struct fscrypt_name old_fname, new_fname;

        if (btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_dir)) == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID)
                return -EPERM;

        /* we only allow rename subvolume link between subvolumes */
        if (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID && root != dest)
                return -EXDEV;

        if (old_ino == BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID ||
            (new_inode && btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_inode)) == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID))
                return -ENOTEMPTY;

        if (S_ISDIR(old_inode->i_mode) && new_inode &&
            new_inode->i_size > BTRFS_EMPTY_DIR_SIZE)
                return -ENOTEMPTY;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(old_dir, &old_dentry->d_name, 0, &old_fname);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = fscrypt_setup_filename(new_dir, &new_dentry->d_name, 0, &new_fname);
        if (ret) {
                fscrypt_free_filename(&old_fname);
                return ret;
        }

        /* check for collisions, even if the  name isn't there */
        ret = btrfs_check_dir_item_collision(dest, new_dir->i_ino, &new_fname.disk_name);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret == -EEXIST) {
                        /* we shouldn't get
                         * eexist without a new_inode */
                        if (WARN_ON(!new_inode)) {
                                goto out_fscrypt_names;
                        }
                } else {
                        /* maybe -EOVERFLOW */
                        goto out_fscrypt_names;
                }
        }
        ret = 0;

        /*
         * we're using rename to replace one file with another.  Start IO on it
         * now so  we don't add too much work to the end of the transaction
         */
        if (new_inode && S_ISREG(old_inode->i_mode) && new_inode->i_size)
                filemap_flush(old_inode->i_mapping);

        if (flags & RENAME_WHITEOUT) {
                whiteout_args.inode = new_whiteout_inode(idmap, old_dir);
                if (!whiteout_args.inode) {
                        ret = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_fscrypt_names;
                }
                ret = btrfs_new_inode_prepare(&whiteout_args, &trans_num_items);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_whiteout_inode;
        } else {
                /* 1 to update the old parent inode. */
                trans_num_items = 1;
        }

        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID) {
                /* Close the race window with snapshot create/destroy ioctl */
                down_read(&fs_info->subvol_sem);
                /*
                 * 1 to remove old root ref
                 * 1 to remove old root backref
                 * 1 to add new root ref
                 * 1 to add new root backref
                 */
                trans_num_items += 4;
        } else {
                /*
                 * 1 to update inode
                 * 1 to remove old inode ref
                 * 1 to add new inode ref
                 */
                trans_num_items += 3;
        }
        /*
         * 1 to remove old dir item
         * 1 to remove old dir index
         * 1 to add new dir item
         * 1 to add new dir index
         */
        trans_num_items += 4;
        /* 1 to update new parent inode if it's not the same as the old parent */
        if (new_dir != old_dir)
                trans_num_items++;
        if (new_inode) {
                /*
                 * 1 to update inode
                 * 1 to remove inode ref
                 * 1 to remove dir item
                 * 1 to remove dir index
                 * 1 to possibly add orphan item
                 */
                trans_num_items += 5;
        }
        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, trans_num_items);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_notrans;
        }

        if (dest != root) {
                ret = btrfs_record_root_in_trans(trans, dest);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_fail;
        }

        ret = btrfs_set_inode_index(BTRFS_I(new_dir), &index);
        if (ret)
                goto out_fail;

        BTRFS_I(old_inode)->dir_index = 0ULL;
        if (unlikely(old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)) {
                /* force full log commit if subvolume involved. */
                btrfs_set_log_full_commit(trans);
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_insert_inode_ref(trans, dest, &new_fname.disk_name,
                                             old_ino, btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_dir)),
                                             index);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_fail;
        }

        inode_inc_iversion(old_dir);
        inode_inc_iversion(new_dir);
        inode_inc_iversion(old_inode);
        simple_rename_timestamp(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);

        if (old_dentry->d_parent != new_dentry->d_parent)
                btrfs_record_unlink_dir(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                        BTRFS_I(old_inode), true);

        if (unlikely(old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)) {
                ret = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir), old_dentry);
        } else {
                ret = __btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                           BTRFS_I(d_inode(old_dentry)),
                                           &old_fname.disk_name, &rename_ctx);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(old_inode));
        }
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        if (new_inode) {
                inode_inc_iversion(new_inode);
                if (unlikely(btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(new_inode)) ==
                             BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID)) {
                        ret = btrfs_unlink_subvol(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir), new_dentry);
                        BUG_ON(new_inode->i_nlink == 0);
                } else {
                        ret = btrfs_unlink_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir),
                                                 BTRFS_I(d_inode(new_dentry)),
                                                 &new_fname.disk_name);
                }
                if (!ret && new_inode->i_nlink == 0)
                        ret = btrfs_orphan_add(trans,
                                        BTRFS_I(d_inode(new_dentry)));
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out_fail;
                }
        }

        ret = btrfs_add_link(trans, BTRFS_I(new_dir), BTRFS_I(old_inode),
                             &new_fname.disk_name, 0, index);
        if (ret) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                goto out_fail;
        }

        if (old_inode->i_nlink == 1)
                BTRFS_I(old_inode)->dir_index = index;

        if (old_ino != BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                btrfs_log_new_name(trans, old_dentry, BTRFS_I(old_dir),
                                   rename_ctx.index, new_dentry->d_parent);

        if (flags & RENAME_WHITEOUT) {
                ret = btrfs_create_new_inode(trans, &whiteout_args);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        goto out_fail;
                } else {
                        unlock_new_inode(whiteout_args.inode);
                        iput(whiteout_args.inode);
                        whiteout_args.inode = NULL;
                }
        }
out_fail:
        ret2 = btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        ret = ret ? ret : ret2;
out_notrans:
        if (old_ino == BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID)
                up_read(&fs_info->subvol_sem);
        if (flags & RENAME_WHITEOUT)
                btrfs_new_inode_args_destroy(&whiteout_args);
out_whiteout_inode:
        if (flags & RENAME_WHITEOUT)
                iput(whiteout_args.inode);
out_fscrypt_names:
        fscrypt_free_filename(&old_fname);
        fscrypt_free_filename(&new_fname);
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_rename2(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *old_dir,
                         struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *new_dir,
                         struct dentry *new_dentry, unsigned int flags)
{
        int ret;

        if (flags & ~(RENAME_NOREPLACE | RENAME_EXCHANGE | RENAME_WHITEOUT))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (flags & RENAME_EXCHANGE)
                ret = btrfs_rename_exchange(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir,
                                            new_dentry);
        else
                ret = btrfs_rename(idmap, old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir,
                                   new_dentry, flags);

        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(BTRFS_I(new_dir)->root->fs_info);

        return ret;
}

struct btrfs_delalloc_work {
        struct inode *inode;
        struct completion completion;
        struct list_head list;
        struct btrfs_work work;
};

static void btrfs_run_delalloc_work(struct btrfs_work *work)
{
        struct btrfs_delalloc_work *delalloc_work;
        struct inode *inode;

        delalloc_work = container_of(work, struct btrfs_delalloc_work,
                                     work);
        inode = delalloc_work->inode;
        filemap_flush(inode->i_mapping);
        if (test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_HAS_ASYNC_EXTENT,
                                &BTRFS_I(inode)->runtime_flags))
                filemap_flush(inode->i_mapping);

        iput(inode);
        complete(&delalloc_work->completion);
}

static struct btrfs_delalloc_work *btrfs_alloc_delalloc_work(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_delalloc_work *work;

        work = kmalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!work)
                return NULL;

        init_completion(&work->completion);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&work->list);
        work->inode = inode;
        btrfs_init_work(&work->work, btrfs_run_delalloc_work, NULL);

        return work;
}

/*
 * some fairly slow code that needs optimization. This walks the list
 * of all the inodes with pending delalloc and forces them to disk.
 */
static int start_delalloc_inodes(struct btrfs_root *root,
                                 struct writeback_control *wbc, bool snapshot,
                                 bool in_reclaim_context)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *binode;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_delalloc_work *work, *next;
        LIST_HEAD(works);
        LIST_HEAD(splice);
        int ret = 0;
        bool full_flush = wbc->nr_to_write == LONG_MAX;

        mutex_lock(&root->delalloc_mutex);
        spin_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
        list_splice_init(&root->delalloc_inodes, &splice);
        while (!list_empty(&splice)) {
                binode = list_entry(splice.next, struct btrfs_inode,
                                    delalloc_inodes);

                list_move_tail(&binode->delalloc_inodes,
                               &root->delalloc_inodes);

                if (in_reclaim_context &&
                    test_bit(BTRFS_INODE_NO_DELALLOC_FLUSH, &binode->runtime_flags))
                        continue;

                inode = igrab(&binode->vfs_inode);
                if (!inode) {
                        cond_resched_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
                        continue;
                }
                spin_unlock(&root->delalloc_lock);

                if (snapshot)
                        set_bit(BTRFS_INODE_SNAPSHOT_FLUSH,
                                &binode->runtime_flags);
                if (full_flush) {
                        work = btrfs_alloc_delalloc_work(inode);
                        if (!work) {
                                iput(inode);
                                ret = -ENOMEM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                        list_add_tail(&work->list, &works);
                        btrfs_queue_work(root->fs_info->flush_workers,
                                         &work->work);
                } else {
                        ret = filemap_fdatawrite_wbc(inode->i_mapping, wbc);
                        btrfs_add_delayed_iput(BTRFS_I(inode));
                        if (ret || wbc->nr_to_write <= 0)
                                goto out;
                }
                cond_resched();
                spin_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&root->delalloc_lock);

out:
        list_for_each_entry_safe(work, next, &works, list) {
                list_del_init(&work->list);
                wait_for_completion(&work->completion);
                kfree(work);
        }

        if (!list_empty(&splice)) {
                spin_lock(&root->delalloc_lock);
                list_splice_tail(&splice, &root->delalloc_inodes);
                spin_unlock(&root->delalloc_lock);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&root->delalloc_mutex);
        return ret;
}

int btrfs_start_delalloc_snapshot(struct btrfs_root *root, bool in_reclaim_context)
{
        struct writeback_control wbc = {
                .nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
                .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                .range_start = 0,
                .range_end = LLONG_MAX,
        };
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;

        if (BTRFS_FS_ERROR(fs_info))
                return -EROFS;

        return start_delalloc_inodes(root, &wbc, true, in_reclaim_context);
}

int btrfs_start_delalloc_roots(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, long nr,
                               bool in_reclaim_context)
{
        struct writeback_control wbc = {
                .nr_to_write = nr,
                .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
                .range_start = 0,
                .range_end = LLONG_MAX,
        };
        struct btrfs_root *root;
        LIST_HEAD(splice);
        int ret;

        if (BTRFS_FS_ERROR(fs_info))
                return -EROFS;

        mutex_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_mutex);
        spin_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
        list_splice_init(&fs_info->delalloc_roots, &splice);
        while (!list_empty(&splice)) {
                /*
                 * Reset nr_to_write here so we know that we're doing a full
                 * flush.
                 */
                if (nr == LONG_MAX)
                        wbc.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX;

                root = list_first_entry(&splice, struct btrfs_root,
                                        delalloc_root);
                root = btrfs_grab_root(root);
                BUG_ON(!root);
                list_move_tail(&root->delalloc_root,
                               &fs_info->delalloc_roots);
                spin_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);

                ret = start_delalloc_inodes(root, &wbc, false, in_reclaim_context);
                btrfs_put_root(root);
                if (ret < 0 || wbc.nr_to_write <= 0)
                        goto out;
                spin_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);

        ret = 0;
out:
        if (!list_empty(&splice)) {
                spin_lock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
                list_splice_tail(&splice, &fs_info->delalloc_roots);
                spin_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_lock);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&fs_info->delalloc_root_mutex);
        return ret;
}

static int btrfs_symlink(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                         struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(dir);
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(dir)->root;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct btrfs_key key;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_new_inode_args new_inode_args = {
                .dir = dir,
                .dentry = dentry,
        };
        unsigned int trans_num_items;
        int err;
        int name_len;
        int datasize;
        unsigned long ptr;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *ei;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;

        name_len = strlen(symname);
        if (name_len > BTRFS_MAX_INLINE_DATA_SIZE(fs_info))
                return -ENAMETOOLONG;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (!inode)
                return -ENOMEM;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, S_IFLNK | S_IRWXUGO);
        inode->i_op = &btrfs_symlink_inode_operations;
        inode_nohighmem(inode);
        inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &btrfs_aops;
        btrfs_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), name_len);
        inode_set_bytes(inode, name_len);

        new_inode_args.inode = inode;
        err = btrfs_new_inode_prepare(&new_inode_args, &trans_num_items);
        if (err)
                goto out_inode;
        /* 1 additional item for the inline extent */
        trans_num_items++;

        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, trans_num_items);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_new_inode_args;
        }

        err = btrfs_create_new_inode(trans, &new_inode_args);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, err);
                discard_new_inode(inode);
                inode = NULL;
                goto out;
        }
        key.objectid = btrfs_ino(BTRFS_I(inode));
        key.offset = 0;
        key.type = BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY;
        datasize = btrfs_file_extent_calc_inline_size(name_len);
        err = btrfs_insert_empty_item(trans, root, path, &key,
                                      datasize);
        if (err) {
                btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, err);
                btrfs_free_path(path);
                discard_new_inode(inode);
                inode = NULL;
                goto out;
        }
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        ei = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0],
                            struct btrfs_file_extent_item);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_generation(leaf, ei, trans->transid);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_type(leaf, ei,
                                   BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_encryption(leaf, ei, 0);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_compression(leaf, ei, 0);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_other_encoding(leaf, ei, 0);
        btrfs_set_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, ei, name_len);

        ptr = btrfs_file_extent_inline_start(ei);
        write_extent_buffer(leaf, symname, ptr, name_len);
        btrfs_mark_buffer_dirty(trans, leaf);
        btrfs_free_path(path);

        d_instantiate_new(dentry, inode);
        err = 0;
out:
        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
out_new_inode_args:
        btrfs_new_inode_args_destroy(&new_inode_args);
out_inode:
        if (err)
                iput(inode);
        return err;
}

static struct btrfs_trans_handle *insert_prealloc_file_extent(
                                       struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans_in,
                                       struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                       struct btrfs_key *ins,
                                       u64 file_offset)
{
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item stack_fi;
        struct btrfs_replace_extent_info extent_info;
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans = trans_in;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        u64 start = ins->objectid;
        u64 len = ins->offset;
        u64 qgroup_released = 0;
        int ret;

        memset(&stack_fi, 0, sizeof(stack_fi));

        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_type(&stack_fi, BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_disk_bytenr(&stack_fi, start);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_disk_num_bytes(&stack_fi, len);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_num_bytes(&stack_fi, len);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_ram_bytes(&stack_fi, len);
        btrfs_set_stack_file_extent_compression(&stack_fi, BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE);
        /* Encryption and other encoding is reserved and all 0 */

        ret = btrfs_qgroup_release_data(inode, file_offset, len, &qgroup_released);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ERR_PTR(ret);

        if (trans) {
                ret = insert_reserved_file_extent(trans, inode,
                                                  file_offset, &stack_fi,
                                                  true, qgroup_released);
                if (ret)
                        goto free_qgroup;
                return trans;
        }

        extent_info.disk_offset = start;
        extent_info.disk_len = len;
        extent_info.data_offset = 0;
        extent_info.data_len = len;
        extent_info.file_offset = file_offset;
        extent_info.extent_buf = (char *)&stack_fi;
        extent_info.is_new_extent = true;
        extent_info.update_times = true;
        extent_info.qgroup_reserved = qgroup_released;
        extent_info.insertions = 0;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto free_qgroup;
        }

        ret = btrfs_replace_file_extents(inode, path, file_offset,
                                     file_offset + len - 1, &extent_info,
                                     &trans);
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        if (ret)
                goto free_qgroup;
        return trans;

free_qgroup:
        /*
         * We have released qgroup data range at the beginning of the function,
         * and normally qgroup_released bytes will be freed when committing
         * transaction.
         * But if we error out early, we have to free what we have released
         * or we leak qgroup data reservation.
         */
        btrfs_qgroup_free_refroot(inode->root->fs_info,
                        inode->root->root_key.objectid, qgroup_released,
                        BTRFS_QGROUP_RSV_DATA);
        return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static int __btrfs_prealloc_file_range(struct inode *inode, int mode,
                                       u64 start, u64 num_bytes, u64 min_size,
                                       loff_t actual_len, u64 *alloc_hint,
                                       struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(inode);
        struct extent_map *em;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        u64 cur_offset = start;
        u64 clear_offset = start;
        u64 i_size;
        u64 cur_bytes;
        u64 last_alloc = (u64)-1;
        int ret = 0;
        bool own_trans = true;
        u64 end = start + num_bytes - 1;

        if (trans)
                own_trans = false;
        while (num_bytes > 0) {
                cur_bytes = min_t(u64, num_bytes, SZ_256M);
                cur_bytes = max(cur_bytes, min_size);
                /*
                 * If we are severely fragmented we could end up with really
                 * small allocations, so if the allocator is returning small
                 * chunks lets make its job easier by only searching for those
                 * sized chunks.
                 */
                cur_bytes = min(cur_bytes, last_alloc);
                ret = btrfs_reserve_extent(root, cur_bytes, cur_bytes,
                                min_size, 0, *alloc_hint, &ins, 1, 0);
                if (ret)
                        break;

                /*
                 * We've reserved this space, and thus converted it from
                 * ->bytes_may_use to ->bytes_reserved.  Any error that happens
                 * from here on out we will only need to clear our reservation
                 * for the remaining unreserved area, so advance our
                 * clear_offset by our extent size.
                 */
                clear_offset += ins.offset;

                last_alloc = ins.offset;
                trans = insert_prealloc_file_extent(trans, BTRFS_I(inode),
                                                    &ins, cur_offset);
                /*
                 * Now that we inserted the prealloc extent we can finally
                 * decrement the number of reservations in the block group.
                 * If we did it before, we could race with relocation and have
                 * relocation miss the reserved extent, making it fail later.
                 */
                btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);
                if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                        btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info, ins.objectid,
                                                   ins.offset, 0);
                        break;
                }

                em = alloc_extent_map();
                if (!em) {
                        btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(BTRFS_I(inode), cur_offset,
                                            cur_offset + ins.offset - 1, false);
                        btrfs_set_inode_full_sync(BTRFS_I(inode));
                        goto next;
                }

                em->start = cur_offset;
                em->orig_start = cur_offset;
                em->len = ins.offset;
                em->block_start = ins.objectid;
                em->block_len = ins.offset;
                em->orig_block_len = ins.offset;
                em->ram_bytes = ins.offset;
                em->flags |= EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC;
                em->generation = trans->transid;

                ret = btrfs_replace_extent_map_range(BTRFS_I(inode), em, true);
                free_extent_map(em);
next:
                num_bytes -= ins.offset;
                cur_offset += ins.offset;
                *alloc_hint = ins.objectid + ins.offset;

                inode_inc_iversion(inode);
                inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
                BTRFS_I(inode)->flags |= BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC;
                if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) &&
                    (actual_len > inode->i_size) &&
                    (cur_offset > inode->i_size)) {
                        if (cur_offset > actual_len)
                                i_size = actual_len;
                        else
                                i_size = cur_offset;
                        i_size_write(inode, i_size);
                        btrfs_inode_safe_disk_i_size_write(BTRFS_I(inode), 0);
                }

                ret = btrfs_update_inode(trans, BTRFS_I(inode));

                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_abort_transaction(trans, ret);
                        if (own_trans)
                                btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                        break;
                }

                if (own_trans) {
                        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
                        trans = NULL;
                }
        }
        if (clear_offset < end)
                btrfs_free_reserved_data_space(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, clear_offset,
                        end - clear_offset + 1);
        return ret;
}

int btrfs_prealloc_file_range(struct inode *inode, int mode,
                              u64 start, u64 num_bytes, u64 min_size,
                              loff_t actual_len, u64 *alloc_hint)
{
        return __btrfs_prealloc_file_range(inode, mode, start, num_bytes,
                                           min_size, actual_len, alloc_hint,
                                           NULL);
}

int btrfs_prealloc_file_range_trans(struct inode *inode,
                                    struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans, int mode,
                                    u64 start, u64 num_bytes, u64 min_size,
                                    loff_t actual_len, u64 *alloc_hint)
{
        return __btrfs_prealloc_file_range(inode, mode, start, num_bytes,
                                           min_size, actual_len, alloc_hint, trans);
}

static int btrfs_permission(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                            struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        umode_t mode = inode->i_mode;

        if (mask & MAY_WRITE &&
            (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode))) {
                if (btrfs_root_readonly(root))
                        return -EROFS;
                if (BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_READONLY)
                        return -EACCES;
        }
        return generic_permission(idmap, inode, mask);
}

static int btrfs_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                         struct file *file, umode_t mode)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode_to_fs_info(dir);
        struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(dir)->root;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct btrfs_new_inode_args new_inode_args = {
                .dir = dir,
                .dentry = file->f_path.dentry,
                .orphan = true,
        };
        unsigned int trans_num_items;
        int ret;

        inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
        if (!inode)
                return -ENOMEM;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, mode);
        inode->i_fop = &btrfs_file_operations;
        inode->i_op = &btrfs_file_inode_operations;
        inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &btrfs_aops;

        new_inode_args.inode = inode;
        ret = btrfs_new_inode_prepare(&new_inode_args, &trans_num_items);
        if (ret)
                goto out_inode;

        trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, trans_num_items);
        if (IS_ERR(trans)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(trans);
                goto out_new_inode_args;
        }

        ret = btrfs_create_new_inode(trans, &new_inode_args);

        /*
         * We set number of links to 0 in btrfs_create_new_inode(), and here we
         * set it to 1 because d_tmpfile() will issue a warning if the count is
         * 0, through:
         *
         *    d_tmpfile() -> inode_dec_link_count() -> drop_nlink()
         */
        set_nlink(inode, 1);

        if (!ret) {
                d_tmpfile(file, inode);
                unlock_new_inode(inode);
                mark_inode_dirty(inode);
        }

        btrfs_end_transaction(trans);
        btrfs_btree_balance_dirty(fs_info);
out_new_inode_args:
        btrfs_new_inode_args_destroy(&new_inode_args);
out_inode:
        if (ret)
                iput(inode);
        return finish_open_simple(file, ret);
}

void btrfs_set_range_writeback(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        unsigned long index = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        unsigned long end_index = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct page *page;
        u32 len;

        ASSERT(end + 1 - start <= U32_MAX);
        len = end + 1 - start;
        while (index <= end_index) {
                page = find_get_page(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, index);
                ASSERT(page); /* Pages should be in the extent_io_tree */

                /* This is for data, which doesn't yet support larger folio. */
                ASSERT(folio_order(page_folio(page)) == 0);
                btrfs_folio_set_writeback(fs_info, page_folio(page), start, len);
                put_page(page);
                index++;
        }
}

int btrfs_encoded_io_compression_from_extent(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
                                             int compress_type)
{
        switch (compress_type) {
        case BTRFS_COMPRESS_NONE:
                return BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_NONE;
        case BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZLIB:
                return BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZLIB;
        case BTRFS_COMPRESS_LZO:
                /*
                 * The LZO format depends on the sector size. 64K is the maximum
                 * sector size that we support.
                 */
                if (fs_info->sectorsize < SZ_4K || fs_info->sectorsize > SZ_64K)
                        return -EINVAL;
                return BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_4K +
                       (fs_info->sectorsize_bits - 12);
        case BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZSTD:
                return BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
        default:
                return -EUCLEAN;
        }
}

static ssize_t btrfs_encoded_read_inline(
                                struct kiocb *iocb,
                                struct iov_iter *iter, u64 start,
                                u64 lockend,
                                struct extent_state **cached_state,
                                u64 extent_start, size_t count,
                                struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args *encoded,
                                bool *unlocked)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct btrfs_path *path;
        struct extent_buffer *leaf;
        struct btrfs_file_extent_item *item;
        u64 ram_bytes;
        unsigned long ptr;
        void *tmp;
        ssize_t ret;

        path = btrfs_alloc_path();
        if (!path) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }
        ret = btrfs_lookup_file_extent(NULL, root, path, btrfs_ino(inode),
                                       extent_start, 0);
        if (ret) {
                if (ret > 0) {
                        /* The extent item disappeared? */
                        ret = -EIO;
                }
                goto out;
        }
        leaf = path->nodes[0];
        item = btrfs_item_ptr(leaf, path->slots[0], struct btrfs_file_extent_item);

        ram_bytes = btrfs_file_extent_ram_bytes(leaf, item);
        ptr = btrfs_file_extent_inline_start(item);

        encoded->len = min_t(u64, extent_start + ram_bytes,
                             inode->vfs_inode.i_size) - iocb->ki_pos;
        ret = btrfs_encoded_io_compression_from_extent(fs_info,
                                 btrfs_file_extent_compression(leaf, item));
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        encoded->compression = ret;
        if (encoded->compression) {
                size_t inline_size;

                inline_size = btrfs_file_extent_inline_item_len(leaf,
                                                                path->slots[0]);
                if (inline_size > count) {
                        ret = -ENOBUFS;
                        goto out;
                }
                count = inline_size;
                encoded->unencoded_len = ram_bytes;
                encoded->unencoded_offset = iocb->ki_pos - extent_start;
        } else {
                count = min_t(u64, count, encoded->len);
                encoded->len = count;
                encoded->unencoded_len = count;
                ptr += iocb->ki_pos - extent_start;
        }

        tmp = kmalloc(count, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!tmp) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }
        read_extent_buffer(leaf, tmp, ptr, count);
        btrfs_release_path(path);
        unlock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, cached_state);
        btrfs_inode_unlock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
        *unlocked = true;

        ret = copy_to_iter(tmp, count, iter);
        if (ret != count)
                ret = -EFAULT;
        kfree(tmp);
out:
        btrfs_free_path(path);
        return ret;
}

struct btrfs_encoded_read_private {
        wait_queue_head_t wait;
        atomic_t pending;
        blk_status_t status;
};

static void btrfs_encoded_read_endio(struct btrfs_bio *bbio)
{
        struct btrfs_encoded_read_private *priv = bbio->private;

        if (bbio->bio.bi_status) {
                /*
                 * The memory barrier implied by the atomic_dec_return() here
                 * pairs with the memory barrier implied by the
                 * atomic_dec_return() or io_wait_event() in
                 * btrfs_encoded_read_regular_fill_pages() to ensure that this
                 * write is observed before the load of status in
                 * btrfs_encoded_read_regular_fill_pages().
                 */
                WRITE_ONCE(priv->status, bbio->bio.bi_status);
        }
        if (!atomic_dec_return(&priv->pending))
                wake_up(&priv->wait);
        bio_put(&bbio->bio);
}

int btrfs_encoded_read_regular_fill_pages(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                                          u64 file_offset, u64 disk_bytenr,
                                          u64 disk_io_size, struct page **pages)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_encoded_read_private priv = {
                .pending = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
        };
        unsigned long i = 0;
        struct btrfs_bio *bbio;

        init_waitqueue_head(&priv.wait);

        bbio = btrfs_bio_alloc(BIO_MAX_VECS, REQ_OP_READ, fs_info,
                               btrfs_encoded_read_endio, &priv);
        bbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = disk_bytenr >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
        bbio->inode = inode;

        do {
                size_t bytes = min_t(u64, disk_io_size, PAGE_SIZE);

                if (bio_add_page(&bbio->bio, pages[i], bytes, 0) < bytes) {
                        atomic_inc(&priv.pending);
                        btrfs_submit_bio(bbio, 0);

                        bbio = btrfs_bio_alloc(BIO_MAX_VECS, REQ_OP_READ, fs_info,
                                               btrfs_encoded_read_endio, &priv);
                        bbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = disk_bytenr >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
                        bbio->inode = inode;
                        continue;
                }

                i++;
                disk_bytenr += bytes;
                disk_io_size -= bytes;
        } while (disk_io_size);

        atomic_inc(&priv.pending);
        btrfs_submit_bio(bbio, 0);

        if (atomic_dec_return(&priv.pending))
                io_wait_event(priv.wait, !atomic_read(&priv.pending));
        /* See btrfs_encoded_read_endio() for ordering. */
        return blk_status_to_errno(READ_ONCE(priv.status));
}

static ssize_t btrfs_encoded_read_regular(struct kiocb *iocb,
                                          struct iov_iter *iter,
                                          u64 start, u64 lockend,
                                          struct extent_state **cached_state,
                                          u64 disk_bytenr, u64 disk_io_size,
                                          size_t count, bool compressed,
                                          bool *unlocked)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct page **pages;
        unsigned long nr_pages, i;
        u64 cur;
        size_t page_offset;
        ssize_t ret;

        nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(disk_io_size, PAGE_SIZE);
        pages = kcalloc(nr_pages, sizeof(struct page *), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!pages)
                return -ENOMEM;
        ret = btrfs_alloc_page_array(nr_pages, pages, 0);
        if (ret) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
                }

        ret = btrfs_encoded_read_regular_fill_pages(inode, start, disk_bytenr,
                                                    disk_io_size, pages);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        unlock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, cached_state);
        btrfs_inode_unlock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
        *unlocked = true;

        if (compressed) {
                i = 0;
                page_offset = 0;
        } else {
                i = (iocb->ki_pos - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                page_offset = (iocb->ki_pos - start) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
        }
        cur = 0;
        while (cur < count) {
                size_t bytes = min_t(size_t, count - cur,
                                     PAGE_SIZE - page_offset);

                if (copy_page_to_iter(pages[i], page_offset, bytes,
                                      iter) != bytes) {
                        ret = -EFAULT;
                        goto out;
                }
                i++;
                cur += bytes;
                page_offset = 0;
        }
        ret = count;
out:
        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                if (pages[i])
                        __free_page(pages[i]);
        }
        kfree(pages);
        return ret;
}

ssize_t btrfs_encoded_read(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
                           struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args *encoded)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = inode->root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        ssize_t ret;
        size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter);
        u64 start, lockend, disk_bytenr, disk_io_size;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct extent_map *em;
        bool unlocked = false;

        file_accessed(iocb->ki_filp);

        btrfs_inode_lock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);

        if (iocb->ki_pos >= inode->vfs_inode.i_size) {
                btrfs_inode_unlock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
                return 0;
        }
        start = ALIGN_DOWN(iocb->ki_pos, fs_info->sectorsize);
        /*
         * We don't know how long the extent containing iocb->ki_pos is, but if
         * it's compressed we know that it won't be longer than this.
         */
        lockend = start + BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED - 1;

        for (;;) {
                struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;

                ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(&inode->vfs_inode, start,
                                               lockend - start + 1);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_unlock_inode;
                lock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, &cached_state);
                ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(inode, start,
                                                     lockend - start + 1);
                if (!ordered)
                        break;
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                unlock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, &cached_state);
                cond_resched();
        }

        em = btrfs_get_extent(inode, NULL, start, lockend - start + 1);
        if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                goto out_unlock_extent;
        }

        if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_INLINE) {
                u64 extent_start = em->start;

                /*
                 * For inline extents we get everything we need out of the
                 * extent item.
                 */
                free_extent_map(em);
                em = NULL;
                ret = btrfs_encoded_read_inline(iocb, iter, start, lockend,
                                                &cached_state, extent_start,
                                                count, encoded, &unlocked);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * We only want to return up to EOF even if the extent extends beyond
         * that.
         */
        encoded->len = min_t(u64, extent_map_end(em),
                             inode->vfs_inode.i_size) - iocb->ki_pos;
        if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE ||
            (em->flags & EXTENT_FLAG_PREALLOC)) {
                disk_bytenr = EXTENT_MAP_HOLE;
                count = min_t(u64, count, encoded->len);
                encoded->len = count;
                encoded->unencoded_len = count;
        } else if (extent_map_is_compressed(em)) {
                disk_bytenr = em->block_start;
                /*
                 * Bail if the buffer isn't large enough to return the whole
                 * compressed extent.
                 */
                if (em->block_len > count) {
                        ret = -ENOBUFS;
                        goto out_em;
                }
                disk_io_size = em->block_len;
                count = em->block_len;
                encoded->unencoded_len = em->ram_bytes;
                encoded->unencoded_offset = iocb->ki_pos - em->orig_start;
                ret = btrfs_encoded_io_compression_from_extent(fs_info,
                                                               extent_map_compression(em));
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out_em;
                encoded->compression = ret;
        } else {
                disk_bytenr = em->block_start + (start - em->start);
                if (encoded->len > count)
                        encoded->len = count;
                /*
                 * Don't read beyond what we locked. This also limits the page
                 * allocations that we'll do.
                 */
                disk_io_size = min(lockend + 1, iocb->ki_pos + encoded->len) - start;
                count = start + disk_io_size - iocb->ki_pos;
                encoded->len = count;
                encoded->unencoded_len = count;
                disk_io_size = ALIGN(disk_io_size, fs_info->sectorsize);
        }
        free_extent_map(em);
        em = NULL;

        if (disk_bytenr == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE) {
                unlock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, &cached_state);
                btrfs_inode_unlock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
                unlocked = true;
                ret = iov_iter_zero(count, iter);
                if (ret != count)
                        ret = -EFAULT;
        } else {
                ret = btrfs_encoded_read_regular(iocb, iter, start, lockend,
                                                 &cached_state, disk_bytenr,
                                                 disk_io_size, count,
                                                 encoded->compression,
                                                 &unlocked);
        }

out:
        if (ret >= 0)
                iocb->ki_pos += encoded->len;
out_em:
        free_extent_map(em);
out_unlock_extent:
        if (!unlocked)
                unlock_extent(io_tree, start, lockend, &cached_state);
out_unlock_inode:
        if (!unlocked)
                btrfs_inode_unlock(inode, BTRFS_ILOCK_SHARED);
        return ret;
}

ssize_t btrfs_do_encoded_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from,
                               const struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args *encoded)
{
        struct btrfs_inode *inode = BTRFS_I(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &inode->io_tree;
        struct extent_changeset *data_reserved = NULL;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
        int compression;
        size_t orig_count;
        u64 start, end;
        u64 num_bytes, ram_bytes, disk_num_bytes;
        unsigned long nr_pages, i;
        struct page **pages;
        struct btrfs_key ins;
        bool extent_reserved = false;
        struct extent_map *em;
        ssize_t ret;

        switch (encoded->compression) {
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZLIB:
                compression = BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZLIB;
                break;
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
                compression = BTRFS_COMPRESS_ZSTD;
                break;
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_4K:
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_8K:
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_16K:
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_32K:
        case BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_64K:
                /* The sector size must match for LZO. */
                if (encoded->compression -
                    BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_4K + 12 !=
                    fs_info->sectorsize_bits)
                        return -EINVAL;
                compression = BTRFS_COMPRESS_LZO;
                break;
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        if (encoded->encryption != BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_ENCRYPTION_NONE)
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * Compressed extents should always have checksums, so error out if we
         * have a NOCOW file or inode was created while mounted with NODATASUM.
         */
        if (inode->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM)
                return -EINVAL;

        orig_count = iov_iter_count(from);

        /* The extent size must be sane. */
        if (encoded->unencoded_len > BTRFS_MAX_UNCOMPRESSED ||
            orig_count > BTRFS_MAX_COMPRESSED || orig_count == 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * The compressed data must be smaller than the decompressed data.
         *
         * It's of course possible for data to compress to larger or the same
         * size, but the buffered I/O path falls back to no compression for such
         * data, and we don't want to break any assumptions by creating these
         * extents.
         *
         * Note that this is less strict than the current check we have that the
         * compressed data must be at least one sector smaller than the
         * decompressed data. We only want to enforce the weaker requirement
         * from old kernels that it is at least one byte smaller.
         */
        if (orig_count >= encoded->unencoded_len)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* The extent must start on a sector boundary. */
        start = iocb->ki_pos;
        if (!IS_ALIGNED(start, fs_info->sectorsize))
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * The extent must end on a sector boundary. However, we allow a write
         * which ends at or extends i_size to have an unaligned length; we round
         * up the extent size and set i_size to the unaligned end.
         */
        if (start + encoded->len < inode->vfs_inode.i_size &&
            !IS_ALIGNED(start + encoded->len, fs_info->sectorsize))
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Finally, the offset in the unencoded data must be sector-aligned. */
        if (!IS_ALIGNED(encoded->unencoded_offset, fs_info->sectorsize))
                return -EINVAL;

        num_bytes = ALIGN(encoded->len, fs_info->sectorsize);
        ram_bytes = ALIGN(encoded->unencoded_len, fs_info->sectorsize);
        end = start + num_bytes - 1;

        /*
         * If the extent cannot be inline, the compressed data on disk must be
         * sector-aligned. For convenience, we extend it with zeroes if it
         * isn't.
         */
        disk_num_bytes = ALIGN(orig_count, fs_info->sectorsize);
        nr_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(disk_num_bytes, PAGE_SIZE);
        pages = kvcalloc(nr_pages, sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
        if (!pages)
                return -ENOMEM;
        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                size_t bytes = min_t(size_t, PAGE_SIZE, iov_iter_count(from));
                char *kaddr;

                pages[i] = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
                if (!pages[i]) {
                        ret = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_pages;
                }
                kaddr = kmap_local_page(pages[i]);
                if (copy_from_iter(kaddr, bytes, from) != bytes) {
                        kunmap_local(kaddr);
                        ret = -EFAULT;
                        goto out_pages;
                }
                if (bytes < PAGE_SIZE)
                        memset(kaddr + bytes, 0, PAGE_SIZE - bytes);
                kunmap_local(kaddr);
        }

        for (;;) {
                struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;

                ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(&inode->vfs_inode, start, num_bytes);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_pages;
                ret = invalidate_inode_pages2_range(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping,
                                                    start >> PAGE_SHIFT,
                                                    end >> PAGE_SHIFT);
                if (ret)
                        goto out_pages;
                lock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);
                ordered = btrfs_lookup_ordered_range(inode, start, num_bytes);
                if (!ordered &&
                    !filemap_range_has_page(inode->vfs_inode.i_mapping, start, end))
                        break;
                if (ordered)
                        btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
                unlock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);
                cond_resched();
        }

        /*
         * We don't use the higher-level delalloc space functions because our
         * num_bytes and disk_num_bytes are different.
         */
        ret = btrfs_alloc_data_chunk_ondemand(inode, disk_num_bytes);
        if (ret)
                goto out_unlock;
        ret = btrfs_qgroup_reserve_data(inode, &data_reserved, start, num_bytes);
        if (ret)
                goto out_free_data_space;
        ret = btrfs_delalloc_reserve_metadata(inode, num_bytes, disk_num_bytes,
                                              false);
        if (ret)
                goto out_qgroup_free_data;

        /* Try an inline extent first. */
        if (start == 0 && encoded->unencoded_len == encoded->len &&
            encoded->unencoded_offset == 0) {
                ret = cow_file_range_inline(inode, encoded->len, orig_count,
                                            compression, pages, true);
                if (ret <= 0) {
                        if (ret == 0)
                                ret = orig_count;
                        goto out_delalloc_release;
                }
        }

        ret = btrfs_reserve_extent(root, disk_num_bytes, disk_num_bytes,
                                   disk_num_bytes, 0, 0, &ins, 1, 1);
        if (ret)
                goto out_delalloc_release;
        extent_reserved = true;

        em = create_io_em(inode, start, num_bytes,
                          start - encoded->unencoded_offset, ins.objectid,
                          ins.offset, ins.offset, ram_bytes, compression,
                          BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED);
        if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                goto out_free_reserved;
        }
        free_extent_map(em);

        ordered = btrfs_alloc_ordered_extent(inode, start, num_bytes, ram_bytes,
                                       ins.objectid, ins.offset,
                                       encoded->unencoded_offset,
                                       (1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_ENCODED) |
                                       (1 << BTRFS_ORDERED_COMPRESSED),
                                       compression);
        if (IS_ERR(ordered)) {
                btrfs_drop_extent_map_range(inode, start, end, false);
                ret = PTR_ERR(ordered);
                goto out_free_reserved;
        }
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);

        if (start + encoded->len > inode->vfs_inode.i_size)
                i_size_write(&inode->vfs_inode, start + encoded->len);

        unlock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);

        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, num_bytes);

        btrfs_submit_compressed_write(ordered, pages, nr_pages, 0, false);
        ret = orig_count;
        goto out;

out_free_reserved:
        btrfs_dec_block_group_reservations(fs_info, ins.objectid);
        btrfs_free_reserved_extent(fs_info, ins.objectid, ins.offset, 1);
out_delalloc_release:
        btrfs_delalloc_release_extents(inode, num_bytes);
        btrfs_delalloc_release_metadata(inode, disk_num_bytes, ret < 0);
out_qgroup_free_data:
        if (ret < 0)
                btrfs_qgroup_free_data(inode, data_reserved, start, num_bytes, NULL);
out_free_data_space:
        /*
         * If btrfs_reserve_extent() succeeded, then we already decremented
         * bytes_may_use.
         */
        if (!extent_reserved)
                btrfs_free_reserved_data_space_noquota(fs_info, disk_num_bytes);
out_unlock:
        unlock_extent(io_tree, start, end, &cached_state);
out_pages:
        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                if (pages[i])
                        __free_page(pages[i]);
        }
        kvfree(pages);
out:
        if (ret >= 0)
                iocb->ki_pos += encoded->len;
        return ret;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
/*
 * Add an entry indicating a block group or device which is pinned by a
 * swapfile. Returns 0 on success, 1 if there is already an entry for it, or a
 * negative errno on failure.
 */
static int btrfs_add_swapfile_pin(struct inode *inode, void *ptr,
                                  bool is_block_group)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_swapfile_pin *sp, *entry;
        struct rb_node **p;
        struct rb_node *parent = NULL;

        sp = kmalloc(sizeof(*sp), GFP_NOFS);
        if (!sp)
                return -ENOMEM;
        sp->ptr = ptr;
        sp->inode = inode;
        sp->is_block_group = is_block_group;
        sp->bg_extent_count = 1;

        spin_lock(&fs_info->swapfile_pins_lock);
        p = &fs_info->swapfile_pins.rb_node;
        while (*p) {
                parent = *p;
                entry = rb_entry(parent, struct btrfs_swapfile_pin, node);
                if (sp->ptr < entry->ptr ||
                    (sp->ptr == entry->ptr && sp->inode < entry->inode)) {
                        p = &(*p)->rb_left;
                } else if (sp->ptr > entry->ptr ||
                           (sp->ptr == entry->ptr && sp->inode > entry->inode)) {
                        p = &(*p)->rb_right;
                } else {
                        if (is_block_group)
                                entry->bg_extent_count++;
                        spin_unlock(&fs_info->swapfile_pins_lock);
                        kfree(sp);
                        return 1;
                }
        }
        rb_link_node(&sp->node, parent, p);
        rb_insert_color(&sp->node, &fs_info->swapfile_pins);
        spin_unlock(&fs_info->swapfile_pins_lock);
        return 0;
}

/* Free all of the entries pinned by this swapfile. */
static void btrfs_free_swapfile_pins(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info;
        struct btrfs_swapfile_pin *sp;
        struct rb_node *node, *next;

        spin_lock(&fs_info->swapfile_pins_lock);
        node = rb_first(&fs_info->swapfile_pins);
        while (node) {
                next = rb_next(node);
                sp = rb_entry(node, struct btrfs_swapfile_pin, node);
                if (sp->inode == inode) {
                        rb_erase(&sp->node, &fs_info->swapfile_pins);
                        if (sp->is_block_group) {
                                btrfs_dec_block_group_swap_extents(sp->ptr,
                                                           sp->bg_extent_count);
                                btrfs_put_block_group(sp->ptr);
                        }
                        kfree(sp);
                }
                node = next;
        }
        spin_unlock(&fs_info->swapfile_pins_lock);
}

struct btrfs_swap_info {
        u64 start;
        u64 block_start;
        u64 block_len;
        u64 lowest_ppage;
        u64 highest_ppage;
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        int nr_extents;
};

static int btrfs_add_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis,
                                 struct btrfs_swap_info *bsi)
{
        unsigned long nr_pages;
        unsigned long max_pages;
        u64 first_ppage, first_ppage_reported, next_ppage;
        int ret;

        /*
         * Our swapfile may have had its size extended after the swap header was
         * written. In that case activating the swapfile should not go beyond
         * the max size set in the swap header.
         */
        if (bsi->nr_pages >= sis->max)
                return 0;

        max_pages = sis->max - bsi->nr_pages;
        first_ppage = PAGE_ALIGN(bsi->block_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        next_ppage = PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(bsi->block_start + bsi->block_len) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

        if (first_ppage >= next_ppage)
                return 0;
        nr_pages = next_ppage - first_ppage;
        nr_pages = min(nr_pages, max_pages);

        first_ppage_reported = first_ppage;
        if (bsi->start == 0)
                first_ppage_reported++;
        if (bsi->lowest_ppage > first_ppage_reported)
                bsi->lowest_ppage = first_ppage_reported;
        if (bsi->highest_ppage < (next_ppage - 1))
                bsi->highest_ppage = next_ppage - 1;

        ret = add_swap_extent(sis, bsi->nr_pages, nr_pages, first_ppage);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
        bsi->nr_extents += ret;
        bsi->nr_pages += nr_pages;
        return 0;
}

static void btrfs_swap_deactivate(struct file *file)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

        btrfs_free_swapfile_pins(inode);
        atomic_dec(&BTRFS_I(inode)->root->nr_swapfiles);
}

static int btrfs_swap_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis, struct file *file,
                               sector_t *span)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
        struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info = root->fs_info;
        struct extent_io_tree *io_tree = &BTRFS_I(inode)->io_tree;
        struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
        struct extent_map *em = NULL;
        struct btrfs_chunk_map *map = NULL;
        struct btrfs_device *device = NULL;
        struct btrfs_swap_info bsi = {
                .lowest_ppage = (sector_t)-1ULL,
        };
        int ret = 0;
        u64 isize;
        u64 start;

        /*
         * If the swap file was just created, make sure delalloc is done. If the
         * file changes again after this, the user is doing something stupid and
         * we don't really care.
         */
        ret = btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /*
         * The inode is locked, so these flags won't change after we check them.
         */
        if (BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS) {
                btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not be compressed");
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        if (!(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW)) {
                btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not be copy-on-write");
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        if (!(BTRFS_I(inode)->flags & BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM)) {
                btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not be checksummed");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * Balance or device remove/replace/resize can move stuff around from
         * under us. The exclop protection makes sure they aren't running/won't
         * run concurrently while we are mapping the swap extents, and
         * fs_info->swapfile_pins prevents them from running while the swap
         * file is active and moving the extents. Note that this also prevents
         * a concurrent device add which isn't actually necessary, but it's not
         * really worth the trouble to allow it.
         */
        if (!btrfs_exclop_start(fs_info, BTRFS_EXCLOP_SWAP_ACTIVATE)) {
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
           "cannot activate swapfile while exclusive operation is running");
                return -EBUSY;
        }

        /*
         * Prevent snapshot creation while we are activating the swap file.
         * We do not want to race with snapshot creation. If snapshot creation
         * already started before we bumped nr_swapfiles from 0 to 1 and
         * completes before the first write into the swap file after it is
         * activated, than that write would fallback to COW.
         */
        if (!btrfs_drew_try_write_lock(&root->snapshot_lock)) {
                btrfs_exclop_finish(fs_info);
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
           "cannot activate swapfile because snapshot creation is in progress");
                return -EINVAL;
        }
        /*
         * Snapshots can create extents which require COW even if NODATACOW is
         * set. We use this counter to prevent snapshots. We must increment it
         * before walking the extents because we don't want a concurrent
         * snapshot to run after we've already checked the extents.
         *
         * It is possible that subvolume is marked for deletion but still not
         * removed yet. To prevent this race, we check the root status before
         * activating the swapfile.
         */
        spin_lock(&root->root_item_lock);
        if (btrfs_root_dead(root)) {
                spin_unlock(&root->root_item_lock);

                btrfs_exclop_finish(fs_info);
                btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                "cannot activate swapfile because subvolume %llu is being deleted",
                        root->root_key.objectid);
                return -EPERM;
        }
        atomic_inc(&root->nr_swapfiles);
        spin_unlock(&root->root_item_lock);

        isize = ALIGN_DOWN(inode->i_size, fs_info->sectorsize);

        lock_extent(io_tree, 0, isize - 1, &cached_state);
        start = 0;
        while (start < isize) {
                u64 logical_block_start, physical_block_start;
                struct btrfs_block_group *bg;
                u64 len = isize - start;

                em = btrfs_get_extent(BTRFS_I(inode), NULL, start, len);
                if (IS_ERR(em)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(em);
                        goto out;
                }

                if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_HOLE) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not have holes");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (em->block_start == EXTENT_MAP_INLINE) {
                        /*
                         * It's unlikely we'll ever actually find ourselves
                         * here, as a file small enough to fit inline won't be
                         * big enough to store more than the swap header, but in
                         * case something changes in the future, let's catch it
                         * here rather than later.
                         */
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not be inline");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (extent_map_is_compressed(em)) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must not be compressed");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                logical_block_start = em->block_start + (start - em->start);
                len = min(len, em->len - (start - em->start));
                free_extent_map(em);
                em = NULL;

                ret = can_nocow_extent(inode, start, &len, NULL, NULL, NULL, false, true);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        goto out;
                } else if (ret) {
                        ret = 0;
                } else {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                                   "swapfile must not be copy-on-write");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                map = btrfs_get_chunk_map(fs_info, logical_block_start, len);
                if (IS_ERR(map)) {
                        ret = PTR_ERR(map);
                        goto out;
                }

                if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                                   "swapfile must have single data profile");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                if (device == NULL) {
                        device = map->stripes[0].dev;
                        ret = btrfs_add_swapfile_pin(inode, device, false);
                        if (ret == 1)
                                ret = 0;
                        else if (ret)
                                goto out;
                } else if (device != map->stripes[0].dev) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info, "swapfile must be on one device");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                physical_block_start = (map->stripes[0].physical +
                                        (logical_block_start - map->start));
                len = min(len, map->chunk_len - (logical_block_start - map->start));
                btrfs_free_chunk_map(map);
                map = NULL;

                bg = btrfs_lookup_block_group(fs_info, logical_block_start);
                if (!bg) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                           "could not find block group containing swapfile");
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                if (!btrfs_inc_block_group_swap_extents(bg)) {
                        btrfs_warn(fs_info,
                           "block group for swapfile at %llu is read-only%s",
                           bg->start,
                           atomic_read(&fs_info->scrubs_running) ?
                                       " (scrub running)" : "");
                        btrfs_put_block_group(bg);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                ret = btrfs_add_swapfile_pin(inode, bg, true);
                if (ret) {
                        btrfs_put_block_group(bg);
                        if (ret == 1)
                                ret = 0;
                        else
                                goto out;
                }

                if (bsi.block_len &&
                    bsi.block_start + bsi.block_len == physical_block_start) {
                        bsi.block_len += len;
                } else {
                        if (bsi.block_len) {
                                ret = btrfs_add_swap_extent(sis, &bsi);
                                if (ret)
                                        goto out;
                        }
                        bsi.start = start;
                        bsi.block_start = physical_block_start;
                        bsi.block_len = len;
                }

                start += len;
        }

        if (bsi.block_len)
                ret = btrfs_add_swap_extent(sis, &bsi);

out:
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(em))
                free_extent_map(em);
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(map))
                btrfs_free_chunk_map(map);

        unlock_extent(io_tree, 0, isize - 1, &cached_state);

        if (ret)
                btrfs_swap_deactivate(file);

        btrfs_drew_write_unlock(&root->snapshot_lock);

        btrfs_exclop_finish(fs_info);

        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (device)
                sis->bdev = device->bdev;
        *span = bsi.highest_ppage - bsi.lowest_ppage + 1;
        sis->max = bsi.nr_pages;
        sis->pages = bsi.nr_pages - 1;
        sis->highest_bit = bsi.nr_pages - 1;
        return bsi.nr_extents;
}
#else
static void btrfs_swap_deactivate(struct file *file)
{
}

static int btrfs_swap_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis, struct file *file,
                               sector_t *span)
{
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
}
#endif

/*
 * Update the number of bytes used in the VFS' inode. When we replace extents in
 * a range (clone, dedupe, fallocate's zero range), we must update the number of
 * bytes used by the inode in an atomic manner, so that concurrent stat(2) calls
 * always get a correct value.
 */
void btrfs_update_inode_bytes(struct btrfs_inode *inode,
                              const u64 add_bytes,
                              const u64 del_bytes)
{
        if (add_bytes == del_bytes)
                return;

        spin_lock(&inode->lock);
        if (del_bytes > 0)
                inode_sub_bytes(&inode->vfs_inode, del_bytes);
        if (add_bytes > 0)
                inode_add_bytes(&inode->vfs_inode, add_bytes);
        spin_unlock(&inode->lock);
}

/*
 * Verify that there are no ordered extents for a given file range.
 *
 * @inode:   The target inode.
 * @start:   Start offset of the file range, should be sector size aligned.
 * @end:     End offset (inclusive) of the file range, its value +1 should be
 *           sector size aligned.
 *
 * This should typically be used for cases where we locked an inode's VFS lock in
 * exclusive mode, we have also locked the inode's i_mmap_lock in exclusive mode,
 * we have flushed all delalloc in the range, we have waited for all ordered
 * extents in the range to complete and finally we have locked the file range in
 * the inode's io_tree.
 */
void btrfs_assert_inode_range_clean(struct btrfs_inode *inode, u64 start, u64 end)
{
        struct btrfs_root *root = inode->root;
        struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BTRFS_ASSERT))
                return;

        ordered = btrfs_lookup_first_ordered_range(inode, start, end + 1 - start);
        if (ordered) {
                btrfs_err(root->fs_info,
"found unexpected ordered extent in file range [%llu, %llu] for inode %llu root %llu (ordered range [%llu, %llu])",
                          start, end, btrfs_ino(inode), root->root_key.objectid,
                          ordered->file_offset,
                          ordered->file_offset + ordered->num_bytes - 1);
                btrfs_put_ordered_extent(ordered);
        }

        ASSERT(ordered == NULL);
}

static const struct inode_operations btrfs_dir_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = btrfs_getattr,
        .lookup         = btrfs_lookup,
        .create         = btrfs_create,
        .unlink         = btrfs_unlink,
        .link           = btrfs_link,
        .mkdir          = btrfs_mkdir,
        .rmdir          = btrfs_rmdir,
        .rename         = btrfs_rename2,
        .symlink        = btrfs_symlink,
        .setattr        = btrfs_setattr,
        .mknod          = btrfs_mknod,
        .listxattr      = btrfs_listxattr,
        .permission     = btrfs_permission,
        .get_inode_acl  = btrfs_get_acl,
        .set_acl        = btrfs_set_acl,
        .update_time    = btrfs_update_time,
        .tmpfile        = btrfs_tmpfile,
        .fileattr_get   = btrfs_fileattr_get,
        .fileattr_set   = btrfs_fileattr_set,
};

static const struct file_operations btrfs_dir_file_operations = {
        .llseek         = btrfs_dir_llseek,
        .read           = generic_read_dir,
        .iterate_shared = btrfs_real_readdir,
        .open           = btrfs_opendir,
        .unlocked_ioctl = btrfs_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
        .compat_ioctl   = btrfs_compat_ioctl,
#endif
        .release        = btrfs_release_file,
        .fsync          = btrfs_sync_file,
};

/*
 * btrfs doesn't support the bmap operation because swapfiles
 * use bmap to make a mapping of extents in the file.  They assume
 * these extents won't change over the life of the file and they
 * use the bmap result to do IO directly to the drive.
 *
 * the btrfs bmap call would return logical addresses that aren't
 * suitable for IO and they also will change frequently as COW
 * operations happen.  So, swapfile + btrfs == corruption.
 *
 * For now we're avoiding this by dropping bmap.
 */
static const struct address_space_operations btrfs_aops = {
        .read_folio     = btrfs_read_folio,
        .writepages     = btrfs_writepages,
        .readahead      = btrfs_readahead,
        .invalidate_folio = btrfs_invalidate_folio,
        .release_folio  = btrfs_release_folio,
        .migrate_folio  = btrfs_migrate_folio,
        .dirty_folio    = filemap_dirty_folio,
        .error_remove_folio = generic_error_remove_folio,
        .swap_activate  = btrfs_swap_activate,
        .swap_deactivate = btrfs_swap_deactivate,
};

static const struct inode_operations btrfs_file_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = btrfs_getattr,
        .setattr        = btrfs_setattr,
        .listxattr      = btrfs_listxattr,
        .permission     = btrfs_permission,
        .fiemap         = btrfs_fiemap,
        .get_inode_acl  = btrfs_get_acl,
        .set_acl        = btrfs_set_acl,
        .update_time    = btrfs_update_time,
        .fileattr_get   = btrfs_fileattr_get,
        .fileattr_set   = btrfs_fileattr_set,
};
static const struct inode_operations btrfs_special_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = btrfs_getattr,
        .setattr        = btrfs_setattr,
        .permission     = btrfs_permission,
        .listxattr      = btrfs_listxattr,
        .get_inode_acl  = btrfs_get_acl,
        .set_acl        = btrfs_set_acl,
        .update_time    = btrfs_update_time,
};
static const struct inode_operations btrfs_symlink_inode_operations = {
        .get_link       = page_get_link,
        .getattr        = btrfs_getattr,
        .setattr        = btrfs_setattr,
        .permission     = btrfs_permission,
        .listxattr      = btrfs_listxattr,
        .update_time    = btrfs_update_time,
};

const struct dentry_operations btrfs_dentry_operations = {
        .d_delete       = btrfs_dentry_delete,
};