1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 * ch341.c implements a serial port driver for the Winchiphead CH341.
9 * The CH341 device can be used to implement an RS232 asynchronous
10 * serial port, an IEEE-1284 parallel printer port or a memory-like
11 * interface. In all cases the CH341 supports an I2C interface as well.
12 * This driver only supports the asynchronous serial interface.
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/tty.h>
17 #include <linux/module.h>
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/usb.h>
20 #include <linux/usb/serial.h>
21 #include <linux/serial.h>
22 #include <asm/unaligned.h>
24 #define DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE 9600
25 #define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 1000
27 /* flags for IO-Bits */
28 #define CH341_BIT_RTS (1 << 6)
29 #define CH341_BIT_DTR (1 << 5)
31 /******************************/
32 /* interrupt pipe definitions */
33 /******************************/
34 /* always 4 interrupt bytes */
35 /* first irq byte normally 0x08 */
36 /* second irq byte base 0x7d + below */
37 /* third irq byte base 0x94 + below */
38 /* fourth irq byte normally 0xee */
40 /* second interrupt byte */
41 #define CH341_MULT_STAT 0x04 /* multiple status since last interrupt event */
43 /* status returned in third interrupt answer byte, inverted in data
45 #define CH341_BIT_CTS 0x01
46 #define CH341_BIT_DSR 0x02
47 #define CH341_BIT_RI 0x04
48 #define CH341_BIT_DCD 0x08
49 #define CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT 0x0f /* all bits */
51 /* Break support - the information used to implement this was gleaned from
52 * the Net/FreeBSD uchcom.c driver by Takanori Watanabe. Domo arigato.
55 #define CH341_REQ_READ_VERSION 0x5F
56 #define CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG 0x9A
57 #define CH341_REQ_READ_REG 0x95
58 #define CH341_REQ_SERIAL_INIT 0xA1
59 #define CH341_REQ_MODEM_CTRL 0xA4
61 #define CH341_REG_BREAK 0x05
62 #define CH341_REG_PRESCALER 0x12
63 #define CH341_REG_DIVISOR 0x13
64 #define CH341_REG_LCR 0x18
65 #define CH341_REG_LCR2 0x25
67 #define CH341_NBREAK_BITS 0x01
69 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX 0x80
70 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX 0x40
71 #define CH341_LCR_MARK_SPACE 0x20
72 #define CH341_LCR_PAR_EVEN 0x10
73 #define CH341_LCR_ENABLE_PAR 0x08
74 #define CH341_LCR_STOP_BITS_2 0x04
75 #define CH341_LCR_CS8 0x03
76 #define CH341_LCR_CS7 0x02
77 #define CH341_LCR_CS6 0x01
78 #define CH341_LCR_CS5 0x00
80 #define CH341_QUIRK_LIMITED_PRESCALER BIT(0)
81 #define CH341_QUIRK_SIMULATE_BREAK BIT(1)
83 static const struct usb_device_id id_table[] = {
84 { USB_DEVICE(0x1a86, 0x5523) },
85 { USB_DEVICE(0x1a86, 0x7522) },
86 { USB_DEVICE(0x1a86, 0x7523) },
87 { USB_DEVICE(0x2184, 0x0057) },
88 { USB_DEVICE(0x4348, 0x5523) },
89 { USB_DEVICE(0x9986, 0x7523) },
92 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, id_table);
94 struct ch341_private {
95 spinlock_t lock; /* access lock */
96 unsigned baud_rate; /* set baud rate */
101 unsigned long quirks;
104 unsigned long break_end;
107 static void ch341_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty,
108 struct usb_serial_port *port,
109 const struct ktermios *old_termios);
111 static int ch341_control_out(struct usb_device *dev, u8 request,
112 u16 value, u16 index)
116 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%s - (%02x,%04x,%04x)\n", __func__,
117 request, value, index);
119 r = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), request,
120 USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_OUT,
121 value, index, NULL, 0, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
123 dev_err(&dev->dev, "failed to send control message: %d\n", r);
128 static int ch341_control_in(struct usb_device *dev,
129 u8 request, u16 value, u16 index,
130 char *buf, unsigned bufsize)
134 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%s - (%02x,%04x,%04x,%u)\n", __func__,
135 request, value, index, bufsize);
137 r = usb_control_msg_recv(dev, 0, request,
138 USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_IN,
139 value, index, buf, bufsize, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
142 dev_err(&dev->dev, "failed to receive control message: %d\n",
150 #define CH341_CLKRATE 48000000
151 #define CH341_CLK_DIV(ps, fact) (1 << (12 - 3 * (ps) - (fact)))
152 #define CH341_MIN_RATE(ps) (CH341_CLKRATE / (CH341_CLK_DIV((ps), 1) * 512))
154 static const speed_t ch341_min_rates[] = {
161 /* Supported range is 46 to 3000000 bps. */
162 #define CH341_MIN_BPS DIV_ROUND_UP(CH341_CLKRATE, CH341_CLK_DIV(0, 0) * 256)
163 #define CH341_MAX_BPS (CH341_CLKRATE / (CH341_CLK_DIV(3, 0) * 2))
166 * The device line speed is given by the following equation:
168 * baudrate = 48000000 / (2^(12 - 3 * ps - fact) * div), where
172 * 2 <= div <= 256 if fact = 0, or
173 * 9 <= div <= 256 if fact = 1
175 static int ch341_get_divisor(struct ch341_private *priv, speed_t speed)
177 unsigned int fact, div, clk_div;
178 bool force_fact0 = false;
182 * Clamp to supported range, this makes the (ps < 0) and (div < 2)
183 * sanity checks below redundant.
185 speed = clamp_val(speed, CH341_MIN_BPS, CH341_MAX_BPS);
188 * Start with highest possible base clock (fact = 1) that will give a
189 * divisor strictly less than 512.
192 for (ps = 3; ps >= 0; ps--) {
193 if (speed > ch341_min_rates[ps])
200 /* Determine corresponding divisor, rounding down. */
201 clk_div = CH341_CLK_DIV(ps, fact);
202 div = CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * speed);
204 /* Some devices require a lower base clock if ps < 3. */
205 if (ps < 3 && (priv->quirks & CH341_QUIRK_LIMITED_PRESCALER))
208 /* Halve base clock (fact = 0) if required. */
209 if (div < 9 || div > 255 || force_fact0) {
219 * Pick next divisor if resulting rate is closer to the requested one,
220 * scale up to avoid rounding errors on low rates.
222 if (16 * CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * div) - 16 * speed >=
223 16 * speed - 16 * CH341_CLKRATE / (clk_div * (div + 1)))
227 * Prefer lower base clock (fact = 0) if even divisor.
229 * Note that this makes the receiver more tolerant to errors.
231 if (fact == 1 && div % 2 == 0) {
236 return (0x100 - div) << 8 | fact << 2 | ps;
239 static int ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(struct usb_device *dev,
240 struct ch341_private *priv,
241 speed_t baud_rate, u8 lcr)
249 val = ch341_get_divisor(priv, baud_rate);
254 * CH341A buffers data until a full endpoint-size packet (32 bytes)
255 * has been received unless bit 7 is set.
257 * At least one device with version 0x27 appears to have this bit
260 if (priv->version > 0x27)
263 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG,
264 CH341_REG_DIVISOR << 8 | CH341_REG_PRESCALER,
270 * Chip versions before version 0x30 as read using
271 * CH341_REQ_READ_VERSION used separate registers for line control
272 * (stop bits, parity and word length). Version 0x30 and above use
273 * CH341_REG_LCR only and CH341_REG_LCR2 is always set to zero.
275 if (priv->version < 0x30)
278 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG,
279 CH341_REG_LCR2 << 8 | CH341_REG_LCR, lcr);
286 static int ch341_set_handshake(struct usb_device *dev, u8 control)
288 return ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_MODEM_CTRL, ~control, 0);
291 static int ch341_get_status(struct usb_device *dev, struct ch341_private *priv)
293 const unsigned int size = 2;
298 r = ch341_control_in(dev, CH341_REQ_READ_REG, 0x0706, 0, buffer, size);
302 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
303 priv->msr = (~(*buffer)) & CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT;
304 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
309 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
311 static int ch341_configure(struct usb_device *dev, struct ch341_private *priv)
313 const unsigned int size = 2;
317 /* expect two bytes 0x27 0x00 */
318 r = ch341_control_in(dev, CH341_REQ_READ_VERSION, 0, 0, buffer, size);
322 priv->version = buffer[0];
323 dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "Chip version: 0x%02x\n", priv->version);
325 r = ch341_control_out(dev, CH341_REQ_SERIAL_INIT, 0, 0);
329 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(dev, priv, priv->baud_rate, priv->lcr);
333 r = ch341_set_handshake(dev, priv->mcr);
340 static int ch341_detect_quirks(struct usb_serial_port *port)
342 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
343 struct usb_device *udev = port->serial->dev;
344 const unsigned int size = 2;
345 unsigned long quirks = 0;
350 * A subset of CH34x devices does not support all features. The
351 * prescaler is limited and there is no support for sending a RS232
352 * break condition. A read failure when trying to set up the latter is
353 * used to detect these devices.
355 r = usb_control_msg_recv(udev, 0, CH341_REQ_READ_REG,
356 USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE | USB_DIR_IN,
357 CH341_REG_BREAK, 0, &buffer, size,
358 DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, GFP_KERNEL);
360 dev_info(&port->dev, "break control not supported, using simulated break\n");
361 quirks = CH341_QUIRK_LIMITED_PRESCALER | CH341_QUIRK_SIMULATE_BREAK;
364 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to read break control: %d\n", r);
368 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "enabling quirk flags: 0x%02lx\n", quirks);
369 priv->quirks |= quirks;
375 static int ch341_port_probe(struct usb_serial_port *port)
377 struct ch341_private *priv;
380 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ch341_private), GFP_KERNEL);
384 spin_lock_init(&priv->lock);
385 priv->baud_rate = DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE;
387 * Some CH340 devices appear unable to change the initial LCR
388 * settings, so set a sane 8N1 default.
390 priv->lcr = CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX | CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX | CH341_LCR_CS8;
392 r = ch341_configure(port->serial->dev, priv);
396 usb_set_serial_port_data(port, priv);
398 r = ch341_detect_quirks(port);
408 static void ch341_port_remove(struct usb_serial_port *port)
410 struct ch341_private *priv;
412 priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
416 static int ch341_carrier_raised(struct usb_serial_port *port)
418 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
419 if (priv->msr & CH341_BIT_DCD)
424 static void ch341_dtr_rts(struct usb_serial_port *port, int on)
426 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
429 /* drop DTR and RTS */
430 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
432 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_RTS | CH341_BIT_DTR;
434 priv->mcr &= ~(CH341_BIT_RTS | CH341_BIT_DTR);
435 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
436 ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, priv->mcr);
439 static void ch341_close(struct usb_serial_port *port)
441 usb_serial_generic_close(port);
442 usb_kill_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb);
446 /* open this device, set default parameters */
447 static int ch341_open(struct tty_struct *tty, struct usb_serial_port *port)
449 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
453 ch341_set_termios(tty, port, NULL);
455 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - submitting interrupt urb\n", __func__);
456 r = usb_submit_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL);
458 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - failed to submit interrupt urb: %d\n",
463 r = ch341_get_status(port->serial->dev, priv);
465 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to read modem status: %d\n", r);
466 goto err_kill_interrupt_urb;
469 r = usb_serial_generic_open(tty, port);
471 goto err_kill_interrupt_urb;
475 err_kill_interrupt_urb:
476 usb_kill_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb);
481 /* Old_termios contains the original termios settings and
482 * tty->termios contains the new setting to be used.
484 static void ch341_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty,
485 struct usb_serial_port *port,
486 const struct ktermios *old_termios)
488 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
494 /* redundant changes may cause the chip to lose bytes */
495 if (old_termios && !tty_termios_hw_change(&tty->termios, old_termios))
498 baud_rate = tty_get_baud_rate(tty);
500 lcr = CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX | CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX;
502 switch (C_CSIZE(tty)) {
504 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS5;
507 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS6;
510 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS7;
513 lcr |= CH341_LCR_CS8;
518 lcr |= CH341_LCR_ENABLE_PAR;
519 if (C_PARODD(tty) == 0)
520 lcr |= CH341_LCR_PAR_EVEN;
522 lcr |= CH341_LCR_MARK_SPACE;
526 lcr |= CH341_LCR_STOP_BITS_2;
529 priv->baud_rate = baud_rate;
531 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(port->serial->dev, priv,
532 priv->baud_rate, lcr);
533 if (r < 0 && old_termios) {
534 priv->baud_rate = tty_termios_baud_rate(old_termios);
535 tty_termios_copy_hw(&tty->termios, old_termios);
541 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
542 if (C_BAUD(tty) == B0)
543 priv->mcr &= ~(CH341_BIT_DTR | CH341_BIT_RTS);
544 else if (old_termios && (old_termios->c_cflag & CBAUD) == B0)
545 priv->mcr |= (CH341_BIT_DTR | CH341_BIT_RTS);
546 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
548 ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, priv->mcr);
552 * A subset of all CH34x devices don't support a real break condition and
553 * reading CH341_REG_BREAK fails (see also ch341_detect_quirks). This function
554 * simulates a break condition by lowering the baud rate to the minimum
555 * supported by the hardware upon enabling the break condition and sending
558 * Incoming data is corrupted while the break condition is being simulated.
560 * Normally the duration of the break condition can be controlled individually
561 * by userspace using TIOCSBRK and TIOCCBRK or by passing an argument to
562 * TCSBRKP. Due to how the simulation is implemented the duration can't be
563 * controlled. The duration is always about (1s / 46bd * 9bit) = 196ms.
565 static void ch341_simulate_break(struct tty_struct *tty, int break_state)
567 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data;
568 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
569 unsigned long now, delay;
572 if (break_state != 0) {
573 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "enter break state requested\n");
575 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(port->serial->dev, priv,
577 CH341_LCR_ENABLE_RX | CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX | CH341_LCR_CS8);
580 "failed to change baud rate to %u: %d\n",
585 r = tty_put_char(tty, '\0');
588 "failed to write NUL byte for simulated break condition: %d\n",
594 * Compute expected transmission duration including safety
595 * margin. The original baud rate is only restored after the
596 * computed point in time.
598 * 11 bits = 1 start, 8 data, 1 stop, 1 margin
600 priv->break_end = jiffies + (11 * HZ / CH341_MIN_BPS);
605 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "leave break state requested\n");
609 if (time_before(now, priv->break_end)) {
610 /* Wait until NUL byte is written */
611 delay = priv->break_end - now;
613 "wait %d ms while transmitting NUL byte at %u baud\n",
614 jiffies_to_msecs(delay), CH341_MIN_BPS);
615 schedule_timeout_interruptible(delay);
619 /* Restore original baud rate */
620 r = ch341_set_baudrate_lcr(port->serial->dev, priv, priv->baud_rate,
624 "restoring original baud rate of %u failed: %d\n",
628 static void ch341_break_ctl(struct tty_struct *tty, int break_state)
630 const uint16_t ch341_break_reg =
631 ((uint16_t) CH341_REG_LCR << 8) | CH341_REG_BREAK;
632 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data;
633 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
635 uint16_t reg_contents;
636 uint8_t break_reg[2];
638 if (priv->quirks & CH341_QUIRK_SIMULATE_BREAK) {
639 ch341_simulate_break(tty, break_state);
643 r = ch341_control_in(port->serial->dev, CH341_REQ_READ_REG,
644 ch341_break_reg, 0, break_reg, 2);
646 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - USB control read error (%d)\n",
650 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - initial ch341 break register contents - reg1: %x, reg2: %x\n",
651 __func__, break_reg[0], break_reg[1]);
652 if (break_state != 0) {
653 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - Enter break state requested\n", __func__);
654 break_reg[0] &= ~CH341_NBREAK_BITS;
655 break_reg[1] &= ~CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX;
657 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - Leave break state requested\n", __func__);
658 break_reg[0] |= CH341_NBREAK_BITS;
659 break_reg[1] |= CH341_LCR_ENABLE_TX;
661 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - New ch341 break register contents - reg1: %x, reg2: %x\n",
662 __func__, break_reg[0], break_reg[1]);
663 reg_contents = get_unaligned_le16(break_reg);
664 r = ch341_control_out(port->serial->dev, CH341_REQ_WRITE_REG,
665 ch341_break_reg, reg_contents);
667 dev_err(&port->dev, "%s - USB control write error (%d)\n",
671 static int ch341_tiocmset(struct tty_struct *tty,
672 unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
674 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data;
675 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
679 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
681 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_RTS;
683 priv->mcr |= CH341_BIT_DTR;
684 if (clear & TIOCM_RTS)
685 priv->mcr &= ~CH341_BIT_RTS;
686 if (clear & TIOCM_DTR)
687 priv->mcr &= ~CH341_BIT_DTR;
689 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
691 return ch341_set_handshake(port->serial->dev, control);
694 static void ch341_update_status(struct usb_serial_port *port,
695 unsigned char *data, size_t len)
697 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
698 struct tty_struct *tty;
706 status = ~data[2] & CH341_BITS_MODEM_STAT;
708 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
709 delta = status ^ priv->msr;
711 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
713 if (data[1] & CH341_MULT_STAT)
714 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - multiple status change\n", __func__);
719 if (delta & CH341_BIT_CTS)
721 if (delta & CH341_BIT_DSR)
723 if (delta & CH341_BIT_RI)
725 if (delta & CH341_BIT_DCD) {
727 tty = tty_port_tty_get(&port->port);
729 usb_serial_handle_dcd_change(port, tty,
730 status & CH341_BIT_DCD);
735 wake_up_interruptible(&port->port.delta_msr_wait);
738 static void ch341_read_int_callback(struct urb *urb)
740 struct usb_serial_port *port = urb->context;
741 unsigned char *data = urb->transfer_buffer;
742 unsigned int len = urb->actual_length;
745 switch (urb->status) {
752 /* this urb is terminated, clean up */
753 dev_dbg(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - urb shutting down: %d\n",
754 __func__, urb->status);
757 dev_dbg(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - nonzero urb status: %d\n",
758 __func__, urb->status);
762 usb_serial_debug_data(&port->dev, __func__, len, data);
763 ch341_update_status(port, data, len);
765 status = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
767 dev_err(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - usb_submit_urb failed: %d\n",
772 static int ch341_tiocmget(struct tty_struct *tty)
774 struct usb_serial_port *port = tty->driver_data;
775 struct ch341_private *priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
781 spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
784 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
786 result = ((mcr & CH341_BIT_DTR) ? TIOCM_DTR : 0)
787 | ((mcr & CH341_BIT_RTS) ? TIOCM_RTS : 0)
788 | ((status & CH341_BIT_CTS) ? TIOCM_CTS : 0)
789 | ((status & CH341_BIT_DSR) ? TIOCM_DSR : 0)
790 | ((status & CH341_BIT_RI) ? TIOCM_RI : 0)
791 | ((status & CH341_BIT_DCD) ? TIOCM_CD : 0);
793 dev_dbg(&port->dev, "%s - result = %x\n", __func__, result);
798 static int ch341_reset_resume(struct usb_serial *serial)
800 struct usb_serial_port *port = serial->port[0];
801 struct ch341_private *priv;
804 priv = usb_get_serial_port_data(port);
808 /* reconfigure ch341 serial port after bus-reset */
809 ch341_configure(serial->dev, priv);
811 if (tty_port_initialized(&port->port)) {
812 ret = usb_submit_urb(port->interrupt_in_urb, GFP_NOIO);
814 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to submit interrupt urb: %d\n",
819 ret = ch341_get_status(port->serial->dev, priv);
821 dev_err(&port->dev, "failed to read modem status: %d\n",
826 return usb_serial_generic_resume(serial);
829 static struct usb_serial_driver ch341_device = {
831 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
832 .name = "ch341-uart",
834 .id_table = id_table,
837 .dtr_rts = ch341_dtr_rts,
838 .carrier_raised = ch341_carrier_raised,
839 .close = ch341_close,
840 .set_termios = ch341_set_termios,
841 .break_ctl = ch341_break_ctl,
842 .tiocmget = ch341_tiocmget,
843 .tiocmset = ch341_tiocmset,
844 .tiocmiwait = usb_serial_generic_tiocmiwait,
845 .read_int_callback = ch341_read_int_callback,
846 .port_probe = ch341_port_probe,
847 .port_remove = ch341_port_remove,
848 .reset_resume = ch341_reset_resume,
851 static struct usb_serial_driver * const serial_drivers[] = {
855 module_usb_serial_driver(serial_drivers, id_table);
857 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");