1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * Tty buffer allocation management
6 #include <linux/types.h>
7 #include <linux/errno.h>
8 #include <linux/minmax.h>
10 #include <linux/tty_buffer.h>
11 #include <linux/tty_driver.h>
12 #include <linux/tty_flip.h>
13 #include <linux/timer.h>
14 #include <linux/string.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/sched.h>
17 #include <linux/wait.h>
18 #include <linux/bitops.h>
19 #include <linux/delay.h>
20 #include <linux/module.h>
21 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
24 #define MIN_TTYB_SIZE 256
25 #define TTYB_ALIGN_MASK 0xff
28 * Byte threshold to limit memory consumption for flip buffers.
29 * The actual memory limit is > 2x this amount.
31 #define TTYB_DEFAULT_MEM_LIMIT (640 * 1024UL)
34 * We default to dicing tty buffer allocations to this many characters
35 * in order to avoid multiple page allocations. We know the size of
36 * tty_buffer itself but it must also be taken into account that the
37 * buffer is 256 byte aligned. See tty_buffer_find for the allocation
38 * logic this must match.
41 #define TTY_BUFFER_PAGE (((PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct tty_buffer)) / 2) & ~TTYB_ALIGN_MASK)
44 * tty_buffer_lock_exclusive - gain exclusive access to buffer
45 * @port: tty port owning the flip buffer
47 * Guarantees safe use of the &tty_ldisc_ops.receive_buf() method by excluding
48 * the buffer work and any pending flush from using the flip buffer. Data can
49 * continue to be added concurrently to the flip buffer from the driver side.
51 * See also tty_buffer_unlock_exclusive().
53 void tty_buffer_lock_exclusive(struct tty_port *port)
55 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
57 atomic_inc(&buf->priority);
58 mutex_lock(&buf->lock);
60 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_buffer_lock_exclusive);
63 * tty_buffer_unlock_exclusive - release exclusive access
64 * @port: tty port owning the flip buffer
66 * The buffer work is restarted if there is data in the flip buffer.
68 * See also tty_buffer_lock_exclusive().
70 void tty_buffer_unlock_exclusive(struct tty_port *port)
72 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
73 bool restart = buf->head->commit != buf->head->read;
75 atomic_dec(&buf->priority);
76 mutex_unlock(&buf->lock);
79 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &buf->work);
81 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_buffer_unlock_exclusive);
84 * tty_buffer_space_avail - return unused buffer space
85 * @port: tty port owning the flip buffer
87 * Returns: the # of bytes which can be written by the driver without reaching
90 * Note: this does not guarantee that memory is available to write the returned
91 * # of bytes (use tty_prepare_flip_string() to pre-allocate if memory
92 * guarantee is required).
94 unsigned int tty_buffer_space_avail(struct tty_port *port)
96 int space = port->buf.mem_limit - atomic_read(&port->buf.mem_used);
100 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_buffer_space_avail);
102 static void tty_buffer_reset(struct tty_buffer *p, size_t size)
114 * tty_buffer_free_all - free buffers used by a tty
115 * @port: tty port to free from
117 * Remove all the buffers pending on a tty whether queued with data or in the
118 * free ring. Must be called when the tty is no longer in use.
120 void tty_buffer_free_all(struct tty_port *port)
122 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
123 struct tty_buffer *p, *next;
124 struct llist_node *llist;
125 unsigned int freed = 0;
128 while ((p = buf->head) != NULL) {
134 llist = llist_del_all(&buf->free);
135 llist_for_each_entry_safe(p, next, llist, free)
138 tty_buffer_reset(&buf->sentinel, 0);
139 buf->head = &buf->sentinel;
140 buf->tail = &buf->sentinel;
142 still_used = atomic_xchg(&buf->mem_used, 0);
143 WARN(still_used != freed, "we still have not freed %d bytes!",
148 * tty_buffer_alloc - allocate a tty buffer
150 * @size: desired size (characters)
152 * Allocate a new tty buffer to hold the desired number of characters. We
153 * round our buffers off in 256 character chunks to get better allocation
156 * Returns: %NULL if out of memory or the allocation would exceed the per
159 static struct tty_buffer *tty_buffer_alloc(struct tty_port *port, size_t size)
161 struct llist_node *free;
162 struct tty_buffer *p;
164 /* Round the buffer size out */
165 size = __ALIGN_MASK(size, TTYB_ALIGN_MASK);
167 if (size <= MIN_TTYB_SIZE) {
168 free = llist_del_first(&port->buf.free);
170 p = llist_entry(free, struct tty_buffer, free);
175 /* Should possibly check if this fails for the largest buffer we
176 * have queued and recycle that ?
178 if (atomic_read(&port->buf.mem_used) > port->buf.mem_limit)
180 p = kmalloc(struct_size(p, data, 2 * size), GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN);
185 tty_buffer_reset(p, size);
186 atomic_add(size, &port->buf.mem_used);
191 * tty_buffer_free - free a tty buffer
192 * @port: tty port owning the buffer
193 * @b: the buffer to free
195 * Free a tty buffer, or add it to the free list according to our internal
198 static void tty_buffer_free(struct tty_port *port, struct tty_buffer *b)
200 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
202 /* Dumb strategy for now - should keep some stats */
203 WARN_ON(atomic_sub_return(b->size, &buf->mem_used) < 0);
205 if (b->size > MIN_TTYB_SIZE)
207 else if (b->size > 0)
208 llist_add(&b->free, &buf->free);
212 * tty_buffer_flush - flush full tty buffers
214 * @ld: optional ldisc ptr (must be referenced)
216 * Flush all the buffers containing receive data. If @ld != %NULL, flush the
217 * ldisc input buffer.
219 * Locking: takes buffer lock to ensure single-threaded flip buffer 'consumer'.
221 void tty_buffer_flush(struct tty_struct *tty, struct tty_ldisc *ld)
223 struct tty_port *port = tty->port;
224 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
225 struct tty_buffer *next;
227 atomic_inc(&buf->priority);
229 mutex_lock(&buf->lock);
230 /* paired w/ release in __tty_buffer_request_room; ensures there are
231 * no pending memory accesses to the freed buffer
233 while ((next = smp_load_acquire(&buf->head->next)) != NULL) {
234 tty_buffer_free(port, buf->head);
237 buf->head->read = buf->head->commit;
238 buf->head->lookahead = buf->head->read;
240 if (ld && ld->ops->flush_buffer)
241 ld->ops->flush_buffer(tty);
243 atomic_dec(&buf->priority);
244 mutex_unlock(&buf->lock);
248 * __tty_buffer_request_room - grow tty buffer if needed
250 * @size: size desired
251 * @flags: buffer has to store flags along character data
253 * Make at least @size bytes of linear space available for the tty buffer.
255 * Will change over to a new buffer if the current buffer is encoded as
256 * %TTY_NORMAL (so has no flags buffer) and the new buffer requires a flags
259 * Returns: the size we managed to find.
261 static int __tty_buffer_request_room(struct tty_port *port, size_t size,
264 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
265 struct tty_buffer *n, *b = buf->tail;
266 size_t left = (b->flags ? 1 : 2) * b->size - b->used;
267 bool change = !b->flags && flags;
269 if (!change && left >= size)
272 /* This is the slow path - looking for new buffers to use */
273 n = tty_buffer_alloc(port, size);
275 return change ? 0 : left;
280 * Paired w/ acquire in flush_to_ldisc() and lookahead_bufs()
281 * ensures they see all buffer data.
283 smp_store_release(&b->commit, b->used);
285 * Paired w/ acquire in flush_to_ldisc() and lookahead_bufs()
286 * ensures the latest commit value can be read before the head
287 * is advanced to the next buffer.
289 smp_store_release(&b->next, n);
294 int tty_buffer_request_room(struct tty_port *port, size_t size)
296 return __tty_buffer_request_room(port, size, true);
298 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_buffer_request_room);
300 size_t __tty_insert_flip_string_flags(struct tty_port *port, const u8 *chars,
301 const u8 *flags, bool mutable_flags,
304 bool need_flags = mutable_flags || flags[0] != TTY_NORMAL;
308 size_t goal = min_t(size_t, size - copied, TTY_BUFFER_PAGE);
309 size_t space = __tty_buffer_request_room(port, goal, need_flags);
310 struct tty_buffer *tb = port->buf.tail;
312 if (unlikely(space == 0))
315 memcpy(char_buf_ptr(tb, tb->used), chars, space);
318 memcpy(flag_buf_ptr(tb, tb->used), flags, space);
320 } else if (tb->flags) {
321 memset(flag_buf_ptr(tb, tb->used), flags[0], space);
323 /* tb->flags should be available once requested */
324 WARN_ON_ONCE(need_flags);
331 /* There is a small chance that we need to split the data over
332 * several buffers. If this is the case we must loop.
334 } while (unlikely(size > copied));
338 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__tty_insert_flip_string_flags);
341 * tty_prepare_flip_string - make room for characters
343 * @chars: return pointer for character write area
344 * @size: desired size
346 * Prepare a block of space in the buffer for data.
348 * This is used for drivers that need their own block copy routines into the
349 * buffer. There is no guarantee the buffer is a DMA target!
351 * Returns: the length available and buffer pointer (@chars) to the space which
352 * is now allocated and accounted for as ready for normal characters.
354 size_t tty_prepare_flip_string(struct tty_port *port, u8 **chars, size_t size)
356 size_t space = __tty_buffer_request_room(port, size, false);
359 struct tty_buffer *tb = port->buf.tail;
361 *chars = char_buf_ptr(tb, tb->used);
363 memset(flag_buf_ptr(tb, tb->used), TTY_NORMAL, space);
369 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_prepare_flip_string);
372 * tty_ldisc_receive_buf - forward data to line discipline
373 * @ld: line discipline to process input
375 * @f: %TTY_NORMAL, %TTY_BREAK, etc. flags buffer
376 * @count: number of bytes to process
378 * Callers other than flush_to_ldisc() need to exclude the kworker from
379 * concurrent use of the line discipline, see paste_selection().
381 * Returns: the number of bytes processed.
383 size_t tty_ldisc_receive_buf(struct tty_ldisc *ld, const u8 *p, const u8 *f,
386 if (ld->ops->receive_buf2)
387 count = ld->ops->receive_buf2(ld->tty, p, f, count);
389 count = min_t(size_t, count, ld->tty->receive_room);
390 if (count && ld->ops->receive_buf)
391 ld->ops->receive_buf(ld->tty, p, f, count);
395 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_ldisc_receive_buf);
397 static void lookahead_bufs(struct tty_port *port, struct tty_buffer *head)
399 head->lookahead = max(head->lookahead, head->read);
402 struct tty_buffer *next;
406 * Paired w/ release in __tty_buffer_request_room();
407 * ensures commit value read is not stale if the head
408 * is advancing to the next buffer.
410 next = smp_load_acquire(&head->next);
412 * Paired w/ release in __tty_buffer_request_room() or in
413 * tty_buffer_flush(); ensures we see the committed buffer data.
415 count = smp_load_acquire(&head->commit) - head->lookahead;
421 if (port->client_ops->lookahead_buf) {
424 p = char_buf_ptr(head, head->lookahead);
426 f = flag_buf_ptr(head, head->lookahead);
428 port->client_ops->lookahead_buf(port, p, f, count);
431 head->lookahead += count;
436 receive_buf(struct tty_port *port, struct tty_buffer *head, size_t count)
438 u8 *p = char_buf_ptr(head, head->read);
443 f = flag_buf_ptr(head, head->read);
445 n = port->client_ops->receive_buf(port, p, f, count);
452 * flush_to_ldisc - flush data from buffer to ldisc
453 * @work: tty structure passed from work queue.
455 * This routine is called out of the software interrupt to flush data from the
456 * buffer chain to the line discipline.
458 * The receive_buf() method is single threaded for each tty instance.
460 * Locking: takes buffer lock to ensure single-threaded flip buffer 'consumer'.
462 static void flush_to_ldisc(struct work_struct *work)
464 struct tty_port *port = container_of(work, struct tty_port, buf.work);
465 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
467 mutex_lock(&buf->lock);
470 struct tty_buffer *head = buf->head;
471 struct tty_buffer *next;
474 /* Ldisc or user is trying to gain exclusive access */
475 if (atomic_read(&buf->priority))
478 /* paired w/ release in __tty_buffer_request_room();
479 * ensures commit value read is not stale if the head
480 * is advancing to the next buffer
482 next = smp_load_acquire(&head->next);
483 /* paired w/ release in __tty_buffer_request_room() or in
484 * tty_buffer_flush(); ensures we see the committed buffer data
486 count = smp_load_acquire(&head->commit) - head->read;
491 tty_buffer_free(port, head);
495 rcvd = receive_buf(port, head, count);
498 lookahead_bufs(port, head);
506 mutex_unlock(&buf->lock);
510 static inline void tty_flip_buffer_commit(struct tty_buffer *tail)
513 * Paired w/ acquire in flush_to_ldisc(); ensures flush_to_ldisc() sees
516 smp_store_release(&tail->commit, tail->used);
520 * tty_flip_buffer_push - push terminal buffers
521 * @port: tty port to push
523 * Queue a push of the terminal flip buffers to the line discipline. Can be
524 * called from IRQ/atomic context.
526 * In the event of the queue being busy for flipping the work will be held off
529 void tty_flip_buffer_push(struct tty_port *port)
531 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
533 tty_flip_buffer_commit(buf->tail);
534 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &buf->work);
536 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tty_flip_buffer_push);
539 * tty_insert_flip_string_and_push_buffer - add characters to the tty buffer and
545 * The function combines tty_insert_flip_string() and tty_flip_buffer_push()
546 * with the exception of properly holding the @port->lock.
548 * To be used only internally (by pty currently).
550 * Returns: the number added.
552 int tty_insert_flip_string_and_push_buffer(struct tty_port *port,
553 const u8 *chars, size_t size)
555 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
558 spin_lock_irqsave(&port->lock, flags);
559 size = tty_insert_flip_string(port, chars, size);
561 tty_flip_buffer_commit(buf->tail);
562 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&port->lock, flags);
564 queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &buf->work);
570 * tty_buffer_init - prepare a tty buffer structure
571 * @port: tty port to initialise
573 * Set up the initial state of the buffer management for a tty device. Must be
574 * called before the other tty buffer functions are used.
576 void tty_buffer_init(struct tty_port *port)
578 struct tty_bufhead *buf = &port->buf;
580 mutex_init(&buf->lock);
581 tty_buffer_reset(&buf->sentinel, 0);
582 buf->head = &buf->sentinel;
583 buf->tail = &buf->sentinel;
584 init_llist_head(&buf->free);
585 atomic_set(&buf->mem_used, 0);
586 atomic_set(&buf->priority, 0);
587 INIT_WORK(&buf->work, flush_to_ldisc);
588 buf->mem_limit = TTYB_DEFAULT_MEM_LIMIT;
592 * tty_buffer_set_limit - change the tty buffer memory limit
593 * @port: tty port to change
594 * @limit: memory limit to set
596 * Change the tty buffer memory limit.
598 * Must be called before the other tty buffer functions are used.
600 int tty_buffer_set_limit(struct tty_port *port, int limit)
602 if (limit < MIN_TTYB_SIZE)
604 port->buf.mem_limit = limit;
607 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tty_buffer_set_limit);
609 /* slave ptys can claim nested buffer lock when handling BRK and INTR */
610 void tty_buffer_set_lock_subclass(struct tty_port *port)
612 lockdep_set_subclass(&port->buf.lock, TTY_LOCK_SLAVE);
615 bool tty_buffer_restart_work(struct tty_port *port)
617 return queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &port->buf.work);
620 bool tty_buffer_cancel_work(struct tty_port *port)
622 return cancel_work_sync(&port->buf.work);
625 void tty_buffer_flush_work(struct tty_port *port)
627 flush_work(&port->buf.work);