2 * Linux I2C core SMBus and SMBus emulation code
4 * This file contains the SMBus functions which are always included in the I2C
5 * core because they can be emulated via I2C. SMBus specific extensions
6 * (e.g. smbalert) are handled in a seperate i2c-smbus module.
12 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
13 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
14 * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
17 #include <linux/device.h>
18 #include <linux/err.h>
19 #include <linux/i2c.h>
21 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
22 #include <trace/events/smbus.h>
27 #define POLY (0x1070U << 3)
28 static u8 crc8(u16 data)
32 for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
37 return (u8)(data >> 8);
40 /* Incremental CRC8 over count bytes in the array pointed to by p */
41 static u8 i2c_smbus_pec(u8 crc, u8 *p, size_t count)
45 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
46 crc = crc8((crc ^ p[i]) << 8);
50 /* Assume a 7-bit address, which is reasonable for SMBus */
51 static u8 i2c_smbus_msg_pec(u8 pec, struct i2c_msg *msg)
53 /* The address will be sent first */
54 u8 addr = i2c_8bit_addr_from_msg(msg);
55 pec = i2c_smbus_pec(pec, &addr, 1);
57 /* The data buffer follows */
58 return i2c_smbus_pec(pec, msg->buf, msg->len);
61 /* Used for write only transactions */
62 static inline void i2c_smbus_add_pec(struct i2c_msg *msg)
64 msg->buf[msg->len] = i2c_smbus_msg_pec(0, msg);
68 /* Return <0 on CRC error
69 If there was a write before this read (most cases) we need to take the
70 partial CRC from the write part into account.
71 Note that this function does modify the message (we need to decrease the
72 message length to hide the CRC byte from the caller). */
73 static int i2c_smbus_check_pec(u8 cpec, struct i2c_msg *msg)
75 u8 rpec = msg->buf[--msg->len];
76 cpec = i2c_smbus_msg_pec(cpec, msg);
79 pr_debug("Bad PEC 0x%02x vs. 0x%02x\n",
87 * i2c_smbus_read_byte - SMBus "receive byte" protocol
88 * @client: Handle to slave device
90 * This executes the SMBus "receive byte" protocol, returning negative errno
91 * else the byte received from the device.
93 s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(const struct i2c_client *client)
95 union i2c_smbus_data data;
98 status = i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
100 I2C_SMBUS_BYTE, &data);
101 return (status < 0) ? status : data.byte;
103 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_byte);
106 * i2c_smbus_write_byte - SMBus "send byte" protocol
107 * @client: Handle to slave device
108 * @value: Byte to be sent
110 * This executes the SMBus "send byte" protocol, returning negative errno
111 * else zero on success.
113 s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 value)
115 return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
116 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, value, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE, NULL);
118 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_write_byte);
121 * i2c_smbus_read_byte_data - SMBus "read byte" protocol
122 * @client: Handle to slave device
123 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
125 * This executes the SMBus "read byte" protocol, returning negative errno
126 * else a data byte received from the device.
128 s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command)
130 union i2c_smbus_data data;
133 status = i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
134 I2C_SMBUS_READ, command,
135 I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data);
136 return (status < 0) ? status : data.byte;
138 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_byte_data);
141 * i2c_smbus_write_byte_data - SMBus "write byte" protocol
142 * @client: Handle to slave device
143 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
144 * @value: Byte being written
146 * This executes the SMBus "write byte" protocol, returning negative errno
147 * else zero on success.
149 s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
152 union i2c_smbus_data data;
154 return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
155 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command,
156 I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data);
158 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_write_byte_data);
161 * i2c_smbus_read_word_data - SMBus "read word" protocol
162 * @client: Handle to slave device
163 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
165 * This executes the SMBus "read word" protocol, returning negative errno
166 * else a 16-bit unsigned "word" received from the device.
168 s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command)
170 union i2c_smbus_data data;
173 status = i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
174 I2C_SMBUS_READ, command,
175 I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data);
176 return (status < 0) ? status : data.word;
178 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_word_data);
181 * i2c_smbus_write_word_data - SMBus "write word" protocol
182 * @client: Handle to slave device
183 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
184 * @value: 16-bit "word" being written
186 * This executes the SMBus "write word" protocol, returning negative errno
187 * else zero on success.
189 s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
192 union i2c_smbus_data data;
194 return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
195 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command,
196 I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data);
198 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_write_word_data);
201 * i2c_smbus_read_block_data - SMBus "block read" protocol
202 * @client: Handle to slave device
203 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
204 * @values: Byte array into which data will be read; big enough to hold
205 * the data returned by the slave. SMBus allows at most 32 bytes.
207 * This executes the SMBus "block read" protocol, returning negative errno
208 * else the number of data bytes in the slave's response.
210 * Note that using this function requires that the client's adapter support
211 * the I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BLOCK_DATA functionality. Not all adapter drivers
212 * support this; its emulation through I2C messaging relies on a specific
213 * mechanism (I2C_M_RECV_LEN) which may not be implemented.
215 s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
218 union i2c_smbus_data data;
221 status = i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
222 I2C_SMBUS_READ, command,
223 I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
227 memcpy(values, &data.block[1], data.block[0]);
228 return data.block[0];
230 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_block_data);
233 * i2c_smbus_write_block_data - SMBus "block write" protocol
234 * @client: Handle to slave device
235 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
236 * @length: Size of data block; SMBus allows at most 32 bytes
237 * @values: Byte array which will be written.
239 * This executes the SMBus "block write" protocol, returning negative errno
240 * else zero on success.
242 s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
243 u8 length, const u8 *values)
245 union i2c_smbus_data data;
247 if (length > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
248 length = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
249 data.block[0] = length;
250 memcpy(&data.block[1], values, length);
251 return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
252 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command,
253 I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
255 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_write_block_data);
257 /* Returns the number of read bytes */
258 s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
259 u8 length, u8 *values)
261 union i2c_smbus_data data;
264 if (length > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
265 length = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
266 data.block[0] = length;
267 status = i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
268 I2C_SMBUS_READ, command,
269 I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
273 memcpy(values, &data.block[1], data.block[0]);
274 return data.block[0];
276 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data);
278 s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(const struct i2c_client *client, u8 command,
279 u8 length, const u8 *values)
281 union i2c_smbus_data data;
283 if (length > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
284 length = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
285 data.block[0] = length;
286 memcpy(data.block + 1, values, length);
287 return i2c_smbus_xfer(client->adapter, client->addr, client->flags,
288 I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command,
289 I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data);
291 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data);
293 /* Simulate a SMBus command using the i2c protocol
294 No checking of parameters is done! */
295 static s32 i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr,
296 unsigned short flags,
297 char read_write, u8 command, int size,
298 union i2c_smbus_data *data)
300 /* So we need to generate a series of msgs. In the case of writing, we
301 need to use only one message; when reading, we need two. We initialize
302 most things with sane defaults, to keep the code below somewhat
304 unsigned char msgbuf0[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX+3];
305 unsigned char msgbuf1[I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX+2];
306 int num = read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ ? 2 : 1;
310 struct i2c_msg msg[2] = {
318 .flags = flags | I2C_M_RD,
324 msgbuf0[0] = command;
326 case I2C_SMBUS_QUICK:
328 /* Special case: The read/write field is used as data */
329 msg[0].flags = flags | (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ ?
334 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ) {
335 /* Special case: only a read! */
336 msg[0].flags = I2C_M_RD | flags;
340 case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA:
341 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ)
345 msgbuf0[1] = data->byte;
348 case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA:
349 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ)
353 msgbuf0[1] = data->word & 0xff;
354 msgbuf0[2] = data->word >> 8;
357 case I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL:
358 num = 2; /* Special case */
359 read_write = I2C_SMBUS_READ;
362 msgbuf0[1] = data->word & 0xff;
363 msgbuf0[2] = data->word >> 8;
365 case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA:
366 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ) {
367 msg[1].flags |= I2C_M_RECV_LEN;
368 msg[1].len = 1; /* block length will be added by
369 the underlying bus driver */
371 msg[0].len = data->block[0] + 2;
372 if (msg[0].len > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX + 2) {
373 dev_err(&adapter->dev,
374 "Invalid block write size %d\n",
378 for (i = 1; i < msg[0].len; i++)
379 msgbuf0[i] = data->block[i-1];
382 case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL:
383 num = 2; /* Another special case */
384 read_write = I2C_SMBUS_READ;
385 if (data->block[0] > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX) {
386 dev_err(&adapter->dev,
387 "Invalid block write size %d\n",
391 msg[0].len = data->block[0] + 2;
392 for (i = 1; i < msg[0].len; i++)
393 msgbuf0[i] = data->block[i-1];
394 msg[1].flags |= I2C_M_RECV_LEN;
395 msg[1].len = 1; /* block length will be added by
396 the underlying bus driver */
398 case I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA:
399 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ) {
400 msg[1].len = data->block[0];
402 msg[0].len = data->block[0] + 1;
403 if (msg[0].len > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX + 1) {
404 dev_err(&adapter->dev,
405 "Invalid block write size %d\n",
409 for (i = 1; i <= data->block[0]; i++)
410 msgbuf0[i] = data->block[i];
414 dev_err(&adapter->dev, "Unsupported transaction %d\n", size);
418 i = ((flags & I2C_CLIENT_PEC) && size != I2C_SMBUS_QUICK
419 && size != I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA);
421 /* Compute PEC if first message is a write */
422 if (!(msg[0].flags & I2C_M_RD)) {
423 if (num == 1) /* Write only */
424 i2c_smbus_add_pec(&msg[0]);
425 else /* Write followed by read */
426 partial_pec = i2c_smbus_msg_pec(0, &msg[0]);
428 /* Ask for PEC if last message is a read */
429 if (msg[num-1].flags & I2C_M_RD)
433 status = i2c_transfer(adapter, msg, num);
437 /* Check PEC if last message is a read */
438 if (i && (msg[num-1].flags & I2C_M_RD)) {
439 status = i2c_smbus_check_pec(partial_pec, &msg[num-1]);
444 if (read_write == I2C_SMBUS_READ)
447 data->byte = msgbuf0[0];
449 case I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA:
450 data->byte = msgbuf1[0];
452 case I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA:
453 case I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL:
454 data->word = msgbuf1[0] | (msgbuf1[1] << 8);
456 case I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA:
457 for (i = 0; i < data->block[0]; i++)
458 data->block[i+1] = msgbuf1[i];
460 case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA:
461 case I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL:
462 for (i = 0; i < msgbuf1[0] + 1; i++)
463 data->block[i] = msgbuf1[i];
470 * i2c_smbus_xfer - execute SMBus protocol operations
471 * @adapter: Handle to I2C bus
472 * @addr: Address of SMBus slave on that bus
473 * @flags: I2C_CLIENT_* flags (usually zero or I2C_CLIENT_PEC)
474 * @read_write: I2C_SMBUS_READ or I2C_SMBUS_WRITE
475 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave, for protocols which use such bytes
476 * @protocol: SMBus protocol operation to execute, such as I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL
477 * @data: Data to be read or written
479 * This executes an SMBus protocol operation, and returns a negative
480 * errno code else zero on success.
482 s32 i2c_smbus_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, u16 addr, unsigned short flags,
483 char read_write, u8 command, int protocol,
484 union i2c_smbus_data *data)
486 unsigned long orig_jiffies;
490 /* If enabled, the following two tracepoints are conditional on
491 * read_write and protocol.
493 trace_smbus_write(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,
494 command, protocol, data);
495 trace_smbus_read(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,
498 flags &= I2C_M_TEN | I2C_CLIENT_PEC | I2C_CLIENT_SCCB;
500 if (adapter->algo->smbus_xfer) {
501 i2c_lock_bus(adapter, I2C_LOCK_SEGMENT);
503 /* Retry automatically on arbitration loss */
504 orig_jiffies = jiffies;
505 for (res = 0, try = 0; try <= adapter->retries; try++) {
506 res = adapter->algo->smbus_xfer(adapter, addr, flags,
511 if (time_after(jiffies,
512 orig_jiffies + adapter->timeout))
515 i2c_unlock_bus(adapter, I2C_LOCK_SEGMENT);
517 if (res != -EOPNOTSUPP || !adapter->algo->master_xfer)
520 * Fall back to i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated if the adapter doesn't
521 * implement native support for the SMBus operation.
525 res = i2c_smbus_xfer_emulated(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,
526 command, protocol, data);
529 /* If enabled, the reply tracepoint is conditional on read_write. */
530 trace_smbus_reply(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,
531 command, protocol, data);
532 trace_smbus_result(adapter, addr, flags, read_write,
533 command, protocol, res);
537 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_xfer);
540 * i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data_or_emulated - read block or emulate
541 * @client: Handle to slave device
542 * @command: Byte interpreted by slave
543 * @length: Size of data block; SMBus allows at most I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX bytes
544 * @values: Byte array into which data will be read; big enough to hold
545 * the data returned by the slave. SMBus allows at most
546 * I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX bytes.
548 * This executes the SMBus "block read" protocol if supported by the adapter.
549 * If block read is not supported, it emulates it using either word or byte
550 * read protocols depending on availability.
552 * The addresses of the I2C slave device that are accessed with this function
553 * must be mapped to a linear region, so that a block read will have the same
554 * effect as a byte read. Before using this function you must double-check
555 * if the I2C slave does support exchanging a block transfer with a byte
558 s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data_or_emulated(const struct i2c_client *client,
559 u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values)
564 if (length > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
565 length = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
567 if (i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK))
568 return i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(client, command, length, values);
570 if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA))
573 if (i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA)) {
574 while ((i + 2) <= length) {
575 status = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(client, command + i);
578 values[i] = status & 0xff;
579 values[i + 1] = status >> 8;
585 status = i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client, command + i);
594 EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data_or_emulated);