2 * Contiguous Memory Allocator
4 * Copyright (c) 2010-2011 by Samsung Electronics.
5 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2013
6 * Copyright LG Electronics Inc., 2014
13 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
14 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
15 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
16 * License or (at your optional) any later version of the license.
19 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "cma: " fmt
21 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG
26 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
28 #include <linux/memblock.h>
29 #include <linux/err.h>
31 #include <linux/mutex.h>
32 #include <linux/sizes.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/log2.h>
35 #include <linux/cma.h>
36 #include <linux/highmem.h>
38 #include <trace/events/cma.h>
42 struct cma cma_areas[MAX_CMA_AREAS];
43 unsigned cma_area_count;
44 static DEFINE_MUTEX(cma_mutex);
46 phys_addr_t cma_get_base(const struct cma *cma)
48 return PFN_PHYS(cma->base_pfn);
51 unsigned long cma_get_size(const struct cma *cma)
53 return cma->count << PAGE_SHIFT;
56 const char *cma_get_name(const struct cma *cma)
58 return cma->name ? cma->name : "(undefined)";
61 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(const struct cma *cma,
64 if (align_order <= cma->order_per_bit)
66 return (1UL << (align_order - cma->order_per_bit)) - 1;
70 * Find a PFN aligned to the specified order and return an offset represented in
73 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(const struct cma *cma,
76 if (align_order <= cma->order_per_bit)
79 return (ALIGN(cma->base_pfn, (1UL << align_order))
80 - cma->base_pfn) >> cma->order_per_bit;
83 static unsigned long cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(const struct cma *cma,
86 return ALIGN(pages, 1UL << cma->order_per_bit) >> cma->order_per_bit;
89 static void cma_clear_bitmap(struct cma *cma, unsigned long pfn,
92 unsigned long bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
94 bitmap_no = (pfn - cma->base_pfn) >> cma->order_per_bit;
95 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
97 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
98 bitmap_clear(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
99 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
102 static int __init cma_activate_area(struct cma *cma)
104 int bitmap_size = BITS_TO_LONGS(cma_bitmap_maxno(cma)) * sizeof(long);
105 unsigned long base_pfn = cma->base_pfn, pfn = base_pfn;
106 unsigned i = cma->count >> pageblock_order;
109 cma->bitmap = kzalloc(bitmap_size, GFP_KERNEL);
114 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn));
115 zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
121 for (j = pageblock_nr_pages; j; --j, pfn++) {
122 WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn));
124 * alloc_contig_range requires the pfn range
125 * specified to be in the same zone. Make this
126 * simple by forcing the entire CMA resv range
127 * to be in the same zone.
129 if (page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn)) != zone)
132 init_cma_reserved_pageblock(pfn_to_page(base_pfn));
135 mutex_init(&cma->lock);
137 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUGFS
138 INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&cma->mem_head);
139 spin_lock_init(&cma->mem_head_lock);
150 static int __init cma_init_reserved_areas(void)
154 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++) {
155 int ret = cma_activate_area(&cma_areas[i]);
163 core_initcall(cma_init_reserved_areas);
166 * cma_init_reserved_mem() - create custom contiguous area from reserved memory
167 * @base: Base address of the reserved area
168 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
169 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
170 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
172 * This function creates custom contiguous area from already reserved memory.
174 int __init cma_init_reserved_mem(phys_addr_t base, phys_addr_t size,
175 unsigned int order_per_bit,
177 struct cma **res_cma)
180 phys_addr_t alignment;
183 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
184 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
188 if (!size || !memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size))
191 /* ensure minimal alignment required by mm core */
192 alignment = PAGE_SIZE <<
193 max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER - 1, pageblock_order);
195 /* alignment should be aligned with order_per_bit */
196 if (!IS_ALIGNED(alignment >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1 << order_per_bit))
199 if (ALIGN(base, alignment) != base || ALIGN(size, alignment) != size)
203 * Each reserved area must be initialised later, when more kernel
204 * subsystems (like slab allocator) are available.
206 cma = &cma_areas[cma_area_count];
210 cma->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "cma%d\n", cma_area_count);
214 cma->base_pfn = PFN_DOWN(base);
215 cma->count = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
216 cma->order_per_bit = order_per_bit;
219 totalcma_pages += (size / PAGE_SIZE);
225 * cma_declare_contiguous() - reserve custom contiguous area
226 * @base: Base address of the reserved area optional, use 0 for any
227 * @size: Size of the reserved area (in bytes),
228 * @limit: End address of the reserved memory (optional, 0 for any).
229 * @alignment: Alignment for the CMA area, should be power of 2 or zero
230 * @order_per_bit: Order of pages represented by one bit on bitmap.
231 * @fixed: hint about where to place the reserved area
232 * @res_cma: Pointer to store the created cma region.
234 * This function reserves memory from early allocator. It should be
235 * called by arch specific code once the early allocator (memblock or bootmem)
236 * has been activated and all other subsystems have already allocated/reserved
237 * memory. This function allows to create custom reserved areas.
239 * If @fixed is true, reserve contiguous area at exactly @base. If false,
240 * reserve in range from @base to @limit.
242 int __init cma_declare_contiguous(phys_addr_t base,
243 phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t limit,
244 phys_addr_t alignment, unsigned int order_per_bit,
245 bool fixed, const char *name, struct cma **res_cma)
247 phys_addr_t memblock_end = memblock_end_of_DRAM();
248 phys_addr_t highmem_start;
252 * We can't use __pa(high_memory) directly, since high_memory
253 * isn't a valid direct map VA, and DEBUG_VIRTUAL will (validly)
254 * complain. Find the boundary by adding one to the last valid
257 highmem_start = __pa(high_memory - 1) + 1;
258 pr_debug("%s(size %pa, base %pa, limit %pa alignment %pa)\n",
259 __func__, &size, &base, &limit, &alignment);
261 if (cma_area_count == ARRAY_SIZE(cma_areas)) {
262 pr_err("Not enough slots for CMA reserved regions!\n");
269 if (alignment && !is_power_of_2(alignment))
273 * Sanitise input arguments.
274 * Pages both ends in CMA area could be merged into adjacent unmovable
275 * migratetype page by page allocator's buddy algorithm. In the case,
276 * you couldn't get a contiguous memory, which is not what we want.
278 alignment = max(alignment, (phys_addr_t)PAGE_SIZE <<
279 max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER - 1, pageblock_order));
280 base = ALIGN(base, alignment);
281 size = ALIGN(size, alignment);
282 limit &= ~(alignment - 1);
287 /* size should be aligned with order_per_bit */
288 if (!IS_ALIGNED(size >> PAGE_SHIFT, 1 << order_per_bit))
292 * If allocating at a fixed base the request region must not cross the
293 * low/high memory boundary.
295 if (fixed && base < highmem_start && base + size > highmem_start) {
297 pr_err("Region at %pa defined on low/high memory boundary (%pa)\n",
298 &base, &highmem_start);
303 * If the limit is unspecified or above the memblock end, its effective
304 * value will be the memblock end. Set it explicitly to simplify further
307 if (limit == 0 || limit > memblock_end)
308 limit = memblock_end;
312 if (memblock_is_region_reserved(base, size) ||
313 memblock_reserve(base, size) < 0) {
318 phys_addr_t addr = 0;
321 * All pages in the reserved area must come from the same zone.
322 * If the requested region crosses the low/high memory boundary,
323 * try allocating from high memory first and fall back to low
324 * memory in case of failure.
326 if (base < highmem_start && limit > highmem_start) {
327 addr = memblock_alloc_range(size, alignment,
328 highmem_start, limit,
330 limit = highmem_start;
334 addr = memblock_alloc_range(size, alignment, base,
344 * kmemleak scans/reads tracked objects for pointers to other
345 * objects but this address isn't mapped and accessible
347 kmemleak_ignore_phys(addr);
351 ret = cma_init_reserved_mem(base, size, order_per_bit, name, res_cma);
355 pr_info("Reserved %ld MiB at %pa\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M,
360 pr_err("Failed to reserve %ld MiB\n", (unsigned long)size / SZ_1M);
364 #ifdef CONFIG_CMA_DEBUG
365 static void cma_debug_show_areas(struct cma *cma)
367 unsigned long next_zero_bit, next_set_bit;
368 unsigned long start = 0;
369 unsigned int nr_zero, nr_total = 0;
371 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
372 pr_info("number of available pages: ");
374 next_zero_bit = find_next_zero_bit(cma->bitmap, cma->count, start);
375 if (next_zero_bit >= cma->count)
377 next_set_bit = find_next_bit(cma->bitmap, cma->count, next_zero_bit);
378 nr_zero = next_set_bit - next_zero_bit;
379 pr_cont("%s%u@%lu", nr_total ? "+" : "", nr_zero, next_zero_bit);
381 start = next_zero_bit + nr_zero;
383 pr_cont("=> %u free of %lu total pages\n", nr_total, cma->count);
384 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
387 static inline void cma_debug_show_areas(struct cma *cma) { }
391 * cma_alloc() - allocate pages from contiguous area
392 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
393 * @count: Requested number of pages.
394 * @align: Requested alignment of pages (in PAGE_SIZE order).
396 * This function allocates part of contiguous memory on specific
397 * contiguous memory area.
399 struct page *cma_alloc(struct cma *cma, size_t count, unsigned int align,
402 unsigned long mask, offset;
403 unsigned long pfn = -1;
404 unsigned long start = 0;
405 unsigned long bitmap_maxno, bitmap_no, bitmap_count;
406 struct page *page = NULL;
409 if (!cma || !cma->count)
412 pr_debug("%s(cma %p, count %zu, align %d)\n", __func__, (void *)cma,
418 mask = cma_bitmap_aligned_mask(cma, align);
419 offset = cma_bitmap_aligned_offset(cma, align);
420 bitmap_maxno = cma_bitmap_maxno(cma);
421 bitmap_count = cma_bitmap_pages_to_bits(cma, count);
423 if (bitmap_count > bitmap_maxno)
427 mutex_lock(&cma->lock);
428 bitmap_no = bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off(cma->bitmap,
429 bitmap_maxno, start, bitmap_count, mask,
431 if (bitmap_no >= bitmap_maxno) {
432 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
435 bitmap_set(cma->bitmap, bitmap_no, bitmap_count);
437 * It's safe to drop the lock here. We've marked this region for
438 * our exclusive use. If the migration fails we will take the
439 * lock again and unmark it.
441 mutex_unlock(&cma->lock);
443 pfn = cma->base_pfn + (bitmap_no << cma->order_per_bit);
444 mutex_lock(&cma_mutex);
445 ret = alloc_contig_range(pfn, pfn + count, MIGRATE_CMA,
447 mutex_unlock(&cma_mutex);
449 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
453 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
457 pr_debug("%s(): memory range at %p is busy, retrying\n",
458 __func__, pfn_to_page(pfn));
459 /* try again with a bit different memory target */
460 start = bitmap_no + mask + 1;
463 trace_cma_alloc(pfn, page, count, align);
466 pr_info("%s: alloc failed, req-size: %zu pages, ret: %d\n",
467 __func__, count, ret);
468 cma_debug_show_areas(cma);
471 pr_debug("%s(): returned %p\n", __func__, page);
476 * cma_release() - release allocated pages
477 * @cma: Contiguous memory region for which the allocation is performed.
478 * @pages: Allocated pages.
479 * @count: Number of allocated pages.
481 * This function releases memory allocated by alloc_cma().
482 * It returns false when provided pages do not belong to contiguous area and
485 bool cma_release(struct cma *cma, const struct page *pages, unsigned int count)
492 pr_debug("%s(page %p)\n", __func__, (void *)pages);
494 pfn = page_to_pfn(pages);
496 if (pfn < cma->base_pfn || pfn >= cma->base_pfn + cma->count)
499 VM_BUG_ON(pfn + count > cma->base_pfn + cma->count);
501 free_contig_range(pfn, count);
502 cma_clear_bitmap(cma, pfn, count);
503 trace_cma_release(pfn, pages, count);
508 int cma_for_each_area(int (*it)(struct cma *cma, void *data), void *data)
512 for (i = 0; i < cma_area_count; i++) {
513 int ret = it(&cma_areas[i], data);