* avr-tdep.c, hppa-tdep.c, hppabsd-tdep.c, i386-tdep.c,

[binutils.git] / gdb / i386-tdep.c

/* Intel 386 target-dependent stuff.

   Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
   1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GDB.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
   Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "defs.h"
#include "arch-utils.h"
#include "command.h"
#include "dummy-frame.h"
#include "dwarf2-frame.h"
#include "doublest.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "frame-base.h"
#include "frame-unwind.h"
#include "inferior.h"
#include "gdbcmd.h"
#include "gdbcore.h"
#include "gdbtypes.h"
#include "objfiles.h"
#include "osabi.h"
#include "regcache.h"
#include "reggroups.h"
#include "regset.h"
#include "symfile.h"
#include "symtab.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "value.h"
#include "dis-asm.h"

#include "gdb_assert.h"
#include "gdb_string.h"

#include "i386-tdep.h"
#include "i387-tdep.h"

/* Register names.  */

static char *i386_register_names[] =
{
  "eax",   "ecx",    "edx",   "ebx",
  "esp",   "ebp",    "esi",   "edi",
  "eip",   "eflags", "cs",    "ss",
  "ds",    "es",     "fs",    "gs",
  "st0",   "st1",    "st2",   "st3",
  "st4",   "st5",    "st6",   "st7",
  "fctrl", "fstat",  "ftag",  "fiseg",
  "fioff", "foseg",  "fooff", "fop",
  "xmm0",  "xmm1",   "xmm2",  "xmm3",
  "xmm4",  "xmm5",   "xmm6",  "xmm7",
  "mxcsr"
};

static const int i386_num_register_names = ARRAY_SIZE (i386_register_names);

/* Register names for MMX pseudo-registers.  */

static char *i386_mmx_names[] =
{
  "mm0", "mm1", "mm2", "mm3",
  "mm4", "mm5", "mm6", "mm7"
};

static const int i386_num_mmx_regs = ARRAY_SIZE (i386_mmx_names);

static int
i386_mmx_regnum_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum)
{
  int mm0_regnum = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch)->mm0_regnum;

  if (mm0_regnum < 0)
    return 0;

  return (regnum >= mm0_regnum && regnum < mm0_regnum + i386_num_mmx_regs);
}

/* SSE register?  */

static int
i386_sse_regnum_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

#define I387_ST0_REGNUM tdep->st0_regnum
#define I387_NUM_XMM_REGS tdep->num_xmm_regs

  if (I387_NUM_XMM_REGS == 0)
    return 0;

  return (I387_XMM0_REGNUM <= regnum && regnum < I387_MXCSR_REGNUM);

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
#undef I387_NUM_XMM_REGS
}

static int
i386_mxcsr_regnum_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

#define I387_ST0_REGNUM tdep->st0_regnum
#define I387_NUM_XMM_REGS tdep->num_xmm_regs

  if (I387_NUM_XMM_REGS == 0)
    return 0;

  return (regnum == I387_MXCSR_REGNUM);

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
#undef I387_NUM_XMM_REGS
}

#define I387_ST0_REGNUM (gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch)->st0_regnum)
#define I387_MM0_REGNUM (gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch)->mm0_regnum)
#define I387_NUM_XMM_REGS (gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch)->num_xmm_regs)

/* FP register?  */

int
i386_fp_regnum_p (int regnum)
{
  if (I387_ST0_REGNUM < 0)
    return 0;

  return (I387_ST0_REGNUM <= regnum && regnum < I387_FCTRL_REGNUM);
}

int
i386_fpc_regnum_p (int regnum)
{
  if (I387_ST0_REGNUM < 0)
    return 0;

  return (I387_FCTRL_REGNUM <= regnum && regnum < I387_XMM0_REGNUM);
}

/* Return the name of register REGNUM.  */

const char *
i386_register_name (int regnum)
{
  if (i386_mmx_regnum_p (current_gdbarch, regnum))
    return i386_mmx_names[regnum - I387_MM0_REGNUM];

  if (regnum >= 0 && regnum < i386_num_register_names)
    return i386_register_names[regnum];

  return NULL;
}

/* Convert a dbx register number REG to the appropriate register
   number used by GDB.  */

static int
i386_dbx_reg_to_regnum (int reg)
{
  /* This implements what GCC calls the "default" register map
     (dbx_register_map[]).  */

  if (reg >= 0 && reg <= 7)
    {
      /* General-purpose registers.  The debug info calls %ebp
         register 4, and %esp register 5.  */
      if (reg == 4)
        return 5;
      else if (reg == 5)
        return 4;
      else return reg;
    }
  else if (reg >= 12 && reg <= 19)
    {
      /* Floating-point registers.  */
      return reg - 12 + I387_ST0_REGNUM;
    }
  else if (reg >= 21 && reg <= 28)
    {
      /* SSE registers.  */
      return reg - 21 + I387_XMM0_REGNUM;
    }
  else if (reg >= 29 && reg <= 36)
    {
      /* MMX registers.  */
      return reg - 29 + I387_MM0_REGNUM;
    }

  /* This will hopefully provoke a warning.  */
  return NUM_REGS + NUM_PSEUDO_REGS;
}

/* Convert SVR4 register number REG to the appropriate register number
   used by GDB.  */

static int
i386_svr4_reg_to_regnum (int reg)
{
  /* This implements the GCC register map that tries to be compatible
     with the SVR4 C compiler for DWARF (svr4_dbx_register_map[]).  */

  /* The SVR4 register numbering includes %eip and %eflags, and
     numbers the floating point registers differently.  */
  if (reg >= 0 && reg <= 9)
    {
      /* General-purpose registers.  */
      return reg;
    }
  else if (reg >= 11 && reg <= 18)
    {
      /* Floating-point registers.  */
      return reg - 11 + I387_ST0_REGNUM;
    }
  else if (reg >= 21 && reg <= 36)
    {
      /* The SSE and MMX registers have the same numbers as with dbx.  */
      return i386_dbx_reg_to_regnum (reg);
    }

  switch (reg)
    {
    case 37: return I387_FCTRL_REGNUM;
    case 38: return I387_FSTAT_REGNUM;
    case 39: return I387_MXCSR_REGNUM;
    case 40: return I386_ES_REGNUM;
    case 41: return I386_CS_REGNUM;
    case 42: return I386_SS_REGNUM;
    case 43: return I386_DS_REGNUM;
    case 44: return I386_FS_REGNUM;
    case 45: return I386_GS_REGNUM;
    }

  /* This will hopefully provoke a warning.  */
  return NUM_REGS + NUM_PSEUDO_REGS;
}

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
#undef I387_MM0_REGNUM
#undef I387_NUM_XMM_REGS
\f

/* This is the variable that is set with "set disassembly-flavor", and
   its legitimate values.  */
static const char att_flavor[] = "att";
static const char intel_flavor[] = "intel";
static const char *valid_flavors[] =
{
  att_flavor,
  intel_flavor,
  NULL
};
static const char *disassembly_flavor = att_flavor;
\f

/* Use the program counter to determine the contents and size of a
   breakpoint instruction.  Return a pointer to a string of bytes that
   encode a breakpoint instruction, store the length of the string in
   *LEN and optionally adjust *PC to point to the correct memory
   location for inserting the breakpoint.

   On the i386 we have a single breakpoint that fits in a single byte
   and can be inserted anywhere.

   This function is 64-bit safe.  */

static const gdb_byte *
i386_breakpoint_from_pc (CORE_ADDR *pc, int *len)
{
  static gdb_byte break_insn[] = { 0xcc }; /* int 3 */

  *len = sizeof (break_insn);
  return break_insn;
}
\f
#ifdef I386_REGNO_TO_SYMMETRY
#error "The Sequent Symmetry is no longer supported."
#endif

/* According to the System V ABI, the registers %ebp, %ebx, %edi, %esi
   and %esp "belong" to the calling function.  Therefore these
   registers should be saved if they're going to be modified.  */

/* The maximum number of saved registers.  This should include all
   registers mentioned above, and %eip.  */
#define I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS     I386_NUM_GREGS

struct i386_frame_cache
{
  /* Base address.  */
  CORE_ADDR base;
  LONGEST sp_offset;
  CORE_ADDR pc;

  /* Saved registers.  */
  CORE_ADDR saved_regs[I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS];
  CORE_ADDR saved_sp;
  int stack_align;
  int pc_in_eax;

  /* Stack space reserved for local variables.  */
  long locals;
};

/* Allocate and initialize a frame cache.  */

static struct i386_frame_cache *
i386_alloc_frame_cache (void)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache;
  int i;

  cache = FRAME_OBSTACK_ZALLOC (struct i386_frame_cache);

  /* Base address.  */
  cache->base = 0;
  cache->sp_offset = -4;
  cache->pc = 0;

  /* Saved registers.  We initialize these to -1 since zero is a valid
     offset (that's where %ebp is supposed to be stored).  */
  for (i = 0; i < I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS; i++)
    cache->saved_regs[i] = -1;
  cache->saved_sp = 0;
  cache->stack_align = 0;
  cache->pc_in_eax = 0;

  /* Frameless until proven otherwise.  */
  cache->locals = -1;

  return cache;
}

/* If the instruction at PC is a jump, return the address of its
   target.  Otherwise, return PC.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_follow_jump (CORE_ADDR pc)
{
  gdb_byte op;
  long delta = 0;
  int data16 = 0;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);
  if (op == 0x66)
    {
      data16 = 1;
      op = read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + 1, 1);
    }

  switch (op)
    {
    case 0xe9:
      /* Relative jump: if data16 == 0, disp32, else disp16.  */
      if (data16)
        {
          delta = read_memory_integer (pc + 2, 2);

          /* Include the size of the jmp instruction (including the
             0x66 prefix).  */
          delta += 4;
        }
      else
        {
          delta = read_memory_integer (pc + 1, 4);

          /* Include the size of the jmp instruction.  */
          delta += 5;
        }
      break;
    case 0xeb:
      /* Relative jump, disp8 (ignore data16).  */
      delta = read_memory_integer (pc + data16 + 1, 1);

      delta += data16 + 2;
      break;
    }

  return pc + delta;
}

/* Check whether PC points at a prologue for a function returning a
   structure or union.  If so, it updates CACHE and returns the
   address of the first instruction after the code sequence that
   removes the "hidden" argument from the stack or CURRENT_PC,
   whichever is smaller.  Otherwise, return PC.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_analyze_struct_return (CORE_ADDR pc, CORE_ADDR current_pc,
                            struct i386_frame_cache *cache)
{
  /* Functions that return a structure or union start with:

        popl %eax             0x58
        xchgl %eax, (%esp)    0x87 0x04 0x24
     or xchgl %eax, 0(%esp)   0x87 0x44 0x24 0x00

     (the System V compiler puts out the second `xchg' instruction,
     and the assembler doesn't try to optimize it, so the 'sib' form
     gets generated).  This sequence is used to get the address of the
     return buffer for a function that returns a structure.  */
  static gdb_byte proto1[3] = { 0x87, 0x04, 0x24 };
  static gdb_byte proto2[4] = { 0x87, 0x44, 0x24, 0x00 };
  gdb_byte buf[4];
  gdb_byte op;

  if (current_pc <= pc)
    return pc;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);

  if (op != 0x58)               /* popl %eax */
    return pc;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc + 1, buf, 4);
  if (memcmp (buf, proto1, 3) != 0 && memcmp (buf, proto2, 4) != 0)
    return pc;

  if (current_pc == pc)
    {
      cache->sp_offset += 4;
      return current_pc;
    }

  if (current_pc == pc + 1)
    {
      cache->pc_in_eax = 1;
      return current_pc;
    }
  
  if (buf[1] == proto1[1])
    return pc + 4;
  else
    return pc + 5;
}

static CORE_ADDR
i386_skip_probe (CORE_ADDR pc)
{
  /* A function may start with

        pushl constant
        call _probe
        addl $4, %esp
           
     followed by

        pushl %ebp

     etc.  */
  gdb_byte buf[8];
  gdb_byte op;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);

  if (op == 0x68 || op == 0x6a)
    {
      int delta;

      /* Skip past the `pushl' instruction; it has either a one-byte or a
         four-byte operand, depending on the opcode.  */
      if (op == 0x68)
        delta = 5;
      else
        delta = 2;

      /* Read the following 8 bytes, which should be `call _probe' (6
         bytes) followed by `addl $4,%esp' (2 bytes).  */
      read_memory (pc + delta, buf, sizeof (buf));
      if (buf[0] == 0xe8 && buf[6] == 0xc4 && buf[7] == 0x4)
        pc += delta + sizeof (buf);
    }

  return pc;
}

/* GCC 4.1 and later, can put code in the prologue to realign the
   stack pointer.  Check whether PC points to such code, and update
   CACHE accordingly.  Return the first instruction after the code
   sequence or CURRENT_PC, whichever is smaller.  If we don't
   recognize the code, return PC.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_analyze_stack_align (CORE_ADDR pc, CORE_ADDR current_pc,
                          struct i386_frame_cache *cache)
{
  /* The register used by the compiler to perform the stack re-alignment 
     is, in order of preference, either %ecx, %edx, or %eax.  GCC should
     never use %ebx as it always treats it as callee-saved, whereas
     the compiler can only use caller-saved registers.  */
  static const gdb_byte insns_ecx[10] = { 
    0x8d, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x04,     /* leal  4(%esp), %ecx */
    0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0,           /* andl  $-16, %esp */
    0xff, 0x71, 0xfc            /* pushl -4(%ecx) */
  };
  static const gdb_byte insns_edx[10] = { 
    0x8d, 0x54, 0x24, 0x04,     /* leal  4(%esp), %edx */
    0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0,           /* andl  $-16, %esp */
    0xff, 0x72, 0xfc            /* pushl -4(%edx) */
  };
  static const gdb_byte insns_eax[10] = { 
    0x8d, 0x44, 0x24, 0x04,     /* leal  4(%esp), %eax */
    0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0,           /* andl  $-16, %esp */
    0xff, 0x70, 0xfc            /* pushl -4(%eax) */
  };
  gdb_byte buf[10];

  if (target_read_memory (pc, buf, sizeof buf)
      || (memcmp (buf, insns_ecx, sizeof buf) != 0
          && memcmp (buf, insns_edx, sizeof buf) != 0
          && memcmp (buf, insns_eax, sizeof buf) != 0))
    return pc;

  if (current_pc > pc + 4)
    cache->stack_align = 1;

  return min (pc + 10, current_pc);
}

/* Maximum instruction length we need to handle.  */
#define I386_MAX_INSN_LEN       6

/* Instruction description.  */
struct i386_insn
{
  size_t len;
  gdb_byte insn[I386_MAX_INSN_LEN];
  gdb_byte mask[I386_MAX_INSN_LEN];
};

/* Search for the instruction at PC in the list SKIP_INSNS.  Return
   the first instruction description that matches.  Otherwise, return
   NULL.  */

static struct i386_insn *
i386_match_insn (CORE_ADDR pc, struct i386_insn *skip_insns)
{
  struct i386_insn *insn;
  gdb_byte op;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);

  for (insn = skip_insns; insn->len > 0; insn++)
    {
      if ((op & insn->mask[0]) == insn->insn[0])
        {
          gdb_byte buf[I386_MAX_INSN_LEN - 1];
          int insn_matched = 1;
          size_t i;

          gdb_assert (insn->len > 1);
          gdb_assert (insn->len <= I386_MAX_INSN_LEN);

          read_memory_nobpt (pc + 1, buf, insn->len - 1);
          for (i = 1; i < insn->len; i++)
            {
              if ((buf[i - 1] & insn->mask[i]) != insn->insn[i])
                insn_matched = 0;
            }

          if (insn_matched)
            return insn;
        }
    }

  return NULL;
}

/* Some special instructions that might be migrated by GCC into the
   part of the prologue that sets up the new stack frame.  Because the
   stack frame hasn't been setup yet, no registers have been saved
   yet, and only the scratch registers %eax, %ecx and %edx can be
   touched.  */

struct i386_insn i386_frame_setup_skip_insns[] =
{
  /* Check for `movb imm8, r' and `movl imm32, r'. 
    
     ??? Should we handle 16-bit operand-sizes here?  */

  /* `movb imm8, %al' and `movb imm8, %ah' */
  /* `movb imm8, %cl' and `movb imm8, %ch' */
  { 2, { 0xb0, 0x00 }, { 0xfa, 0x00 } },
  /* `movb imm8, %dl' and `movb imm8, %dh' */
  { 2, { 0xb2, 0x00 }, { 0xfb, 0x00 } },
  /* `movl imm32, %eax' and `movl imm32, %ecx' */
  { 5, { 0xb8 }, { 0xfe } },
  /* `movl imm32, %edx' */
  { 5, { 0xba }, { 0xff } },

  /* Check for `mov imm32, r32'.  Note that there is an alternative
     encoding for `mov m32, %eax'.

     ??? Should we handle SIB adressing here?
     ??? Should we handle 16-bit operand-sizes here?  */

  /* `movl m32, %eax' */
  { 5, { 0xa1 }, { 0xff } },
  /* `movl m32, %eax' and `mov; m32, %ecx' */
  { 6, { 0x89, 0x05 }, {0xff, 0xf7 } },
  /* `movl m32, %edx' */
  { 6, { 0x89, 0x15 }, {0xff, 0xff } },

  /* Check for `xorl r32, r32' and the equivalent `subl r32, r32'.
     Because of the symmetry, there are actually two ways to encode
     these instructions; opcode bytes 0x29 and 0x2b for `subl' and
     opcode bytes 0x31 and 0x33 for `xorl'.  */

  /* `subl %eax, %eax' */
  { 2, { 0x29, 0xc0 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  /* `subl %ecx, %ecx' */
  { 2, { 0x29, 0xc9 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  /* `subl %edx, %edx' */
  { 2, { 0x29, 0xd2 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  /* `xorl %eax, %eax' */
  { 2, { 0x31, 0xc0 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  /* `xorl %ecx, %ecx' */
  { 2, { 0x31, 0xc9 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  /* `xorl %edx, %edx' */
  { 2, { 0x31, 0xd2 }, { 0xfd, 0xff } },
  { 0 }
};

/* Check whether PC points at a code that sets up a new stack frame.
   If so, it updates CACHE and returns the address of the first
   instruction after the sequence that sets up the frame or LIMIT,
   whichever is smaller.  If we don't recognize the code, return PC.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_analyze_frame_setup (CORE_ADDR pc, CORE_ADDR limit,
                          struct i386_frame_cache *cache)
{
  struct i386_insn *insn;
  gdb_byte op;
  int skip = 0;

  if (limit <= pc)
    return limit;

  read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);

  if (op == 0x55)               /* pushl %ebp */
    {
      /* Take into account that we've executed the `pushl %ebp' that
         starts this instruction sequence.  */
      cache->saved_regs[I386_EBP_REGNUM] = 0;
      cache->sp_offset += 4;
      pc++;

      /* If that's all, return now.  */
      if (limit <= pc)
        return limit;

      /* Check for some special instructions that might be migrated by
         GCC into the prologue and skip them.  At this point in the
         prologue, code should only touch the scratch registers %eax,
         %ecx and %edx, so while the number of posibilities is sheer,
         it is limited.

         Make sure we only skip these instructions if we later see the
         `movl %esp, %ebp' that actually sets up the frame.  */
      while (pc + skip < limit)
        {
          insn = i386_match_insn (pc + skip, i386_frame_setup_skip_insns);
          if (insn == NULL)
            break;

          skip += insn->len;
        }

      /* If that's all, return now.  */
      if (limit <= pc + skip)
        return limit;

      read_memory_nobpt (pc + skip, &op, 1);

      /* Check for `movl %esp, %ebp' -- can be written in two ways.  */
      switch (op)
        {
        case 0x8b:
          if (read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + skip + 1, 1) != 0xec)
            return pc;
          break;
        case 0x89:
          if (read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + skip + 1, 1) != 0xe5)
            return pc;
          break;
        default:
          return pc;
        }

      /* OK, we actually have a frame.  We just don't know how large
         it is yet.  Set its size to zero.  We'll adjust it if
         necessary.  We also now commit to skipping the special
         instructions mentioned before.  */
      cache->locals = 0;
      pc += (skip + 2);

      /* If that's all, return now.  */
      if (limit <= pc)
        return limit;

      /* Check for stack adjustment 

            subl $XXX, %esp

         NOTE: You can't subtract a 16-bit immediate from a 32-bit
         reg, so we don't have to worry about a data16 prefix.  */
      read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);
      if (op == 0x83)
        {
          /* `subl' with 8-bit immediate.  */
          if (read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + 1, 1) != 0xec)
            /* Some instruction starting with 0x83 other than `subl'.  */
            return pc;

          /* `subl' with signed 8-bit immediate (though it wouldn't
             make sense to be negative).  */
          cache->locals = read_memory_integer (pc + 2, 1);
          return pc + 3;
        }
      else if (op == 0x81)
        {
          /* Maybe it is `subl' with a 32-bit immediate.  */
          if (read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + 1, 1) != 0xec)
            /* Some instruction starting with 0x81 other than `subl'.  */
            return pc;

          /* It is `subl' with a 32-bit immediate.  */
          cache->locals = read_memory_integer (pc + 2, 4);
          return pc + 6;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Some instruction other than `subl'.  */
          return pc;
        }
    }
  else if (op == 0xc8)          /* enter */
    {
      cache->locals = read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + 1, 2);
      return pc + 4;
    }

  return pc;
}

/* Check whether PC points at code that saves registers on the stack.
   If so, it updates CACHE and returns the address of the first
   instruction after the register saves or CURRENT_PC, whichever is
   smaller.  Otherwise, return PC.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_analyze_register_saves (CORE_ADDR pc, CORE_ADDR current_pc,
                             struct i386_frame_cache *cache)
{
  CORE_ADDR offset = 0;
  gdb_byte op;
  int i;

  if (cache->locals > 0)
    offset -= cache->locals;
  for (i = 0; i < 8 && pc < current_pc; i++)
    {
      read_memory_nobpt (pc, &op, 1);
      if (op < 0x50 || op > 0x57)
        break;

      offset -= 4;
      cache->saved_regs[op - 0x50] = offset;
      cache->sp_offset += 4;
      pc++;
    }

  return pc;
}

/* Do a full analysis of the prologue at PC and update CACHE
   accordingly.  Bail out early if CURRENT_PC is reached.  Return the
   address where the analysis stopped.

   We handle these cases:

   The startup sequence can be at the start of the function, or the
   function can start with a branch to startup code at the end.

   %ebp can be set up with either the 'enter' instruction, or "pushl
   %ebp, movl %esp, %ebp" (`enter' is too slow to be useful, but was
   once used in the System V compiler).

   Local space is allocated just below the saved %ebp by either the
   'enter' instruction, or by "subl $<size>, %esp".  'enter' has a
   16-bit unsigned argument for space to allocate, and the 'addl'
   instruction could have either a signed byte, or 32-bit immediate.

   Next, the registers used by this function are pushed.  With the
   System V compiler they will always be in the order: %edi, %esi,
   %ebx (and sometimes a harmless bug causes it to also save but not
   restore %eax); however, the code below is willing to see the pushes
   in any order, and will handle up to 8 of them.
 
   If the setup sequence is at the end of the function, then the next
   instruction will be a branch back to the start.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_analyze_prologue (CORE_ADDR pc, CORE_ADDR current_pc,
                       struct i386_frame_cache *cache)
{
  pc = i386_follow_jump (pc);
  pc = i386_analyze_struct_return (pc, current_pc, cache);
  pc = i386_skip_probe (pc);
  pc = i386_analyze_stack_align (pc, current_pc, cache);
  pc = i386_analyze_frame_setup (pc, current_pc, cache);
  return i386_analyze_register_saves (pc, current_pc, cache);
}

/* Return PC of first real instruction.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_skip_prologue (CORE_ADDR start_pc)
{
  static gdb_byte pic_pat[6] =
  {
    0xe8, 0, 0, 0, 0,           /* call 0x0 */
    0x5b,                       /* popl %ebx */
  };
  struct i386_frame_cache cache;
  CORE_ADDR pc;
  gdb_byte op;
  int i;

  cache.locals = -1;
  pc = i386_analyze_prologue (start_pc, 0xffffffff, &cache);
  if (cache.locals < 0)
    return start_pc;

  /* Found valid frame setup.  */

  /* The native cc on SVR4 in -K PIC mode inserts the following code
     to get the address of the global offset table (GOT) into register
     %ebx:

        call    0x0
        popl    %ebx
        movl    %ebx,x(%ebp)    (optional)
        addl    y,%ebx

     This code is with the rest of the prologue (at the end of the
     function), so we have to skip it to get to the first real
     instruction at the start of the function.  */

  for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
    {
      read_memory_nobpt (pc + i, &op, 1);
      if (pic_pat[i] != op)
        break;
    }
  if (i == 6)
    {
      int delta = 6;

      read_memory_nobpt (pc + delta, &op, 1);

      if (op == 0x89)           /* movl %ebx, x(%ebp) */
        {
          op = read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + delta + 1, 1);

          if (op == 0x5d)       /* One byte offset from %ebp.  */
            delta += 3;
          else if (op == 0x9d)  /* Four byte offset from %ebp.  */
            delta += 6;
          else                  /* Unexpected instruction.  */
            delta = 0;

          read_memory_nobpt (pc + delta, &op, 1);
        }

      /* addl y,%ebx */
      if (delta > 0 && op == 0x81
          && read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + delta + 1, 1) == 0xc3)
        {
          pc += delta + 6;
        }
    }

  /* If the function starts with a branch (to startup code at the end)
     the last instruction should bring us back to the first
     instruction of the real code.  */
  if (i386_follow_jump (start_pc) != start_pc)
    pc = i386_follow_jump (pc);

  return pc;
}

/* This function is 64-bit safe.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_unwind_pc (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  gdb_byte buf[8];

  frame_unwind_register (next_frame, PC_REGNUM, buf);
  return extract_typed_address (buf, builtin_type_void_func_ptr);
}
\f

/* Normal frames.  */

static struct i386_frame_cache *
i386_frame_cache (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache;
  gdb_byte buf[4];
  int i;

  if (*this_cache)
    return *this_cache;

  cache = i386_alloc_frame_cache ();
  *this_cache = cache;

  /* In principle, for normal frames, %ebp holds the frame pointer,
     which holds the base address for the current stack frame.
     However, for functions that don't need it, the frame pointer is
     optional.  For these "frameless" functions the frame pointer is
     actually the frame pointer of the calling frame.  Signal
     trampolines are just a special case of a "frameless" function.
     They (usually) share their frame pointer with the frame that was
     in progress when the signal occurred.  */

  frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_EBP_REGNUM, buf);
  cache->base = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4);
  if (cache->base == 0)
    return cache;

  /* For normal frames, %eip is stored at 4(%ebp).  */
  cache->saved_regs[I386_EIP_REGNUM] = 4;

  cache->pc = frame_func_unwind (next_frame);
  if (cache->pc != 0)
    i386_analyze_prologue (cache->pc, frame_pc_unwind (next_frame), cache);

  if (cache->stack_align)
    {
      /* Saved stack pointer has been saved in %ecx.  */
      frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_ECX_REGNUM, buf);
      cache->saved_sp = extract_unsigned_integer(buf, 4);
    }

  if (cache->locals < 0)
    {
      /* We didn't find a valid frame, which means that CACHE->base
         currently holds the frame pointer for our calling frame.  If
         we're at the start of a function, or somewhere half-way its
         prologue, the function's frame probably hasn't been fully
         setup yet.  Try to reconstruct the base address for the stack
         frame by looking at the stack pointer.  For truly "frameless"
         functions this might work too.  */

      if (cache->stack_align)
        {
          /* We're halfway aligning the stack.  */
          cache->base = ((cache->saved_sp - 4) & 0xfffffff0) - 4;
          cache->saved_regs[I386_EIP_REGNUM] = cache->saved_sp - 4;

          /* This will be added back below.  */
          cache->saved_regs[I386_EIP_REGNUM] -= cache->base;
        }
      else
        {
          frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_ESP_REGNUM, buf);
          cache->base = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4) + cache->sp_offset;
        }
    }

  /* Now that we have the base address for the stack frame we can
     calculate the value of %esp in the calling frame.  */
  if (cache->saved_sp == 0)
    cache->saved_sp = cache->base + 8;

  /* Adjust all the saved registers such that they contain addresses
     instead of offsets.  */
  for (i = 0; i < I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS; i++)
    if (cache->saved_regs[i] != -1)
      cache->saved_regs[i] += cache->base;

  return cache;
}

static void
i386_frame_this_id (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache,
                    struct frame_id *this_id)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache = i386_frame_cache (next_frame, this_cache);

  /* This marks the outermost frame.  */
  if (cache->base == 0)
    return;

  /* See the end of i386_push_dummy_call.  */
  (*this_id) = frame_id_build (cache->base + 8, cache->pc);
}

static void
i386_frame_prev_register (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache,
                          int regnum, int *optimizedp,
                          enum lval_type *lvalp, CORE_ADDR *addrp,
                          int *realnump, gdb_byte *valuep)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache = i386_frame_cache (next_frame, this_cache);

  gdb_assert (regnum >= 0);

  /* The System V ABI says that:

     "The flags register contains the system flags, such as the
     direction flag and the carry flag.  The direction flag must be
     set to the forward (that is, zero) direction before entry and
     upon exit from a function.  Other user flags have no specified
     role in the standard calling sequence and are not preserved."

     To guarantee the "upon exit" part of that statement we fake a
     saved flags register that has its direction flag cleared.

     Note that GCC doesn't seem to rely on the fact that the direction
     flag is cleared after a function return; it always explicitly
     clears the flag before operations where it matters.

     FIXME: kettenis/20030316: I'm not quite sure whether this is the
     right thing to do.  The way we fake the flags register here makes
     it impossible to change it.  */

  if (regnum == I386_EFLAGS_REGNUM)
    {
      *optimizedp = 0;
      *lvalp = not_lval;
      *addrp = 0;
      *realnump = -1;
      if (valuep)
        {
          ULONGEST val;

          /* Clear the direction flag.  */
          val = frame_unwind_register_unsigned (next_frame,
                                                I386_EFLAGS_REGNUM);
          val &= ~(1 << 10);
          store_unsigned_integer (valuep, 4, val);
        }

      return;
    }

  if (regnum == I386_EIP_REGNUM && cache->pc_in_eax)
    {
      *optimizedp = 0;
      *lvalp = lval_register;
      *addrp = 0;
      *realnump = I386_EAX_REGNUM;
      if (valuep)
        frame_unwind_register (next_frame, (*realnump), valuep);
      return;
    }

  if (regnum == I386_ESP_REGNUM && cache->saved_sp)
    {
      *optimizedp = 0;
      *lvalp = not_lval;
      *addrp = 0;
      *realnump = -1;
      if (valuep)
        {
          /* Store the value.  */
          store_unsigned_integer (valuep, 4, cache->saved_sp);
        }
      return;
    }

  if (regnum < I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS && cache->saved_regs[regnum] != -1)
    {
      *optimizedp = 0;
      *lvalp = lval_memory;
      *addrp = cache->saved_regs[regnum];
      *realnump = -1;
      if (valuep)
        {
          /* Read the value in from memory.  */
          read_memory (*addrp, valuep,
                       register_size (current_gdbarch, regnum));
        }
      return;
    }

  *optimizedp = 0;
  *lvalp = lval_register;
  *addrp = 0;
  *realnump = regnum;
  if (valuep)
    frame_unwind_register (next_frame, (*realnump), valuep);
}

static const struct frame_unwind i386_frame_unwind =
{
  NORMAL_FRAME,
  i386_frame_this_id,
  i386_frame_prev_register
};

static const struct frame_unwind *
i386_frame_sniffer (struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  return &i386_frame_unwind;
}
\f

/* Signal trampolines.  */

static struct i386_frame_cache *
i386_sigtramp_frame_cache (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache;
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch);
  CORE_ADDR addr;
  gdb_byte buf[4];

  if (*this_cache)
    return *this_cache;

  cache = i386_alloc_frame_cache ();

  frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_ESP_REGNUM, buf);
  cache->base = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4) - 4;

  addr = tdep->sigcontext_addr (next_frame);
  if (tdep->sc_reg_offset)
    {
      int i;

      gdb_assert (tdep->sc_num_regs <= I386_NUM_SAVED_REGS);

      for (i = 0; i < tdep->sc_num_regs; i++)
        if (tdep->sc_reg_offset[i] != -1)
          cache->saved_regs[i] = addr + tdep->sc_reg_offset[i];
    }
  else
    {
      cache->saved_regs[I386_EIP_REGNUM] = addr + tdep->sc_pc_offset;
      cache->saved_regs[I386_ESP_REGNUM] = addr + tdep->sc_sp_offset;
    }

  *this_cache = cache;
  return cache;
}

static void
i386_sigtramp_frame_this_id (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache,
                             struct frame_id *this_id)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache =
    i386_sigtramp_frame_cache (next_frame, this_cache);

  /* See the end of i386_push_dummy_call.  */
  (*this_id) = frame_id_build (cache->base + 8, frame_pc_unwind (next_frame));
}

static void
i386_sigtramp_frame_prev_register (struct frame_info *next_frame,
                                   void **this_cache,
                                   int regnum, int *optimizedp,
                                   enum lval_type *lvalp, CORE_ADDR *addrp,
                                   int *realnump, gdb_byte *valuep)
{
  /* Make sure we've initialized the cache.  */
  i386_sigtramp_frame_cache (next_frame, this_cache);

  i386_frame_prev_register (next_frame, this_cache, regnum,
                            optimizedp, lvalp, addrp, realnump, valuep);
}

static const struct frame_unwind i386_sigtramp_frame_unwind =
{
  SIGTRAMP_FRAME,
  i386_sigtramp_frame_this_id,
  i386_sigtramp_frame_prev_register
};

static const struct frame_unwind *
i386_sigtramp_frame_sniffer (struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (get_frame_arch (next_frame));

  /* We shouldn't even bother if we don't have a sigcontext_addr
     handler.  */
  if (tdep->sigcontext_addr == NULL)
    return NULL;

  if (tdep->sigtramp_p != NULL)
    {
      if (tdep->sigtramp_p (next_frame))
        return &i386_sigtramp_frame_unwind;
    }

  if (tdep->sigtramp_start != 0)
    {
      CORE_ADDR pc = frame_pc_unwind (next_frame);

      gdb_assert (tdep->sigtramp_end != 0);
      if (pc >= tdep->sigtramp_start && pc < tdep->sigtramp_end)
        return &i386_sigtramp_frame_unwind;
    }

  return NULL;
}
\f

static CORE_ADDR
i386_frame_base_address (struct frame_info *next_frame, void **this_cache)
{
  struct i386_frame_cache *cache = i386_frame_cache (next_frame, this_cache);

  return cache->base;
}

static const struct frame_base i386_frame_base =
{
  &i386_frame_unwind,
  i386_frame_base_address,
  i386_frame_base_address,
  i386_frame_base_address
};

static struct frame_id
i386_unwind_dummy_id (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  gdb_byte buf[4];
  CORE_ADDR fp;

  frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_EBP_REGNUM, buf);
  fp = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4);

  /* See the end of i386_push_dummy_call.  */
  return frame_id_build (fp + 8, frame_pc_unwind (next_frame));
}
\f

/* Figure out where the longjmp will land.  Slurp the args out of the
   stack.  We expect the first arg to be a pointer to the jmp_buf
   structure from which we extract the address that we will land at.
   This address is copied into PC.  This routine returns non-zero on
   success.

   This function is 64-bit safe.  */

static int
i386_get_longjmp_target (CORE_ADDR *pc)
{
  gdb_byte buf[8];
  CORE_ADDR sp, jb_addr;
  int jb_pc_offset = gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch)->jb_pc_offset;
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_void_func_ptr);

  /* If JB_PC_OFFSET is -1, we have no way to find out where the
     longjmp will land.  */
  if (jb_pc_offset == -1)
    return 0;

  /* Don't use I386_ESP_REGNUM here, since this function is also used
     for AMD64.  */
  regcache_cooked_read (current_regcache, SP_REGNUM, buf);
  sp = extract_typed_address (buf, builtin_type_void_data_ptr);
  if (target_read_memory (sp + len, buf, len))
    return 0;

  jb_addr = extract_typed_address (buf, builtin_type_void_data_ptr);
  if (target_read_memory (jb_addr + jb_pc_offset, buf, len))
    return 0;

  *pc = extract_typed_address (buf, builtin_type_void_func_ptr);
  return 1;
}
\f

static CORE_ADDR
i386_push_dummy_call (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *function,
                      struct regcache *regcache, CORE_ADDR bp_addr, int nargs,
                      struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp, int struct_return,
                      CORE_ADDR struct_addr)
{
  gdb_byte buf[4];
  int i;

  /* Push arguments in reverse order.  */
  for (i = nargs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
      int len = TYPE_LENGTH (value_enclosing_type (args[i]));

      /* The System V ABI says that:

         "An argument's size is increased, if necessary, to make it a
         multiple of [32-bit] words.  This may require tail padding,
         depending on the size of the argument."

         This makes sure the stack stays word-aligned.  */
      sp -= (len + 3) & ~3;
      write_memory (sp, value_contents_all (args[i]), len);
    }

  /* Push value address.  */
  if (struct_return)
    {
      sp -= 4;
      store_unsigned_integer (buf, 4, struct_addr);
      write_memory (sp, buf, 4);
    }

  /* Store return address.  */
  sp -= 4;
  store_unsigned_integer (buf, 4, bp_addr);
  write_memory (sp, buf, 4);

  /* Finally, update the stack pointer...  */
  store_unsigned_integer (buf, 4, sp);
  regcache_cooked_write (regcache, I386_ESP_REGNUM, buf);

  /* ...and fake a frame pointer.  */
  regcache_cooked_write (regcache, I386_EBP_REGNUM, buf);

  /* MarkK wrote: This "+ 8" is all over the place:
     (i386_frame_this_id, i386_sigtramp_frame_this_id,
     i386_unwind_dummy_id).  It's there, since all frame unwinders for
     a given target have to agree (within a certain margin) on the
     definition of the stack address of a frame.  Otherwise
     frame_id_inner() won't work correctly.  Since DWARF2/GCC uses the
     stack address *before* the function call as a frame's CFA.  On
     the i386, when %ebp is used as a frame pointer, the offset
     between the contents %ebp and the CFA as defined by GCC.  */
  return sp + 8;
}

/* These registers are used for returning integers (and on some
   targets also for returning `struct' and `union' values when their
   size and alignment match an integer type).  */
#define LOW_RETURN_REGNUM       I386_EAX_REGNUM /* %eax */
#define HIGH_RETURN_REGNUM      I386_EDX_REGNUM /* %edx */

/* Read, for architecture GDBARCH, a function return value of TYPE
   from REGCACHE, and copy that into VALBUF.  */

static void
i386_extract_return_value (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type,
                           struct regcache *regcache, gdb_byte *valbuf)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);
  gdb_byte buf[I386_MAX_REGISTER_SIZE];

  if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_FLT)
    {
      if (tdep->st0_regnum < 0)
        {
          warning (_("Cannot find floating-point return value."));
          memset (valbuf, 0, len);
          return;
        }

      /* Floating-point return values can be found in %st(0).  Convert
         its contents to the desired type.  This is probably not
         exactly how it would happen on the target itself, but it is
         the best we can do.  */
      regcache_raw_read (regcache, I386_ST0_REGNUM, buf);
      convert_typed_floating (buf, builtin_type_i387_ext, valbuf, type);
    }
  else
    {
      int low_size = register_size (current_gdbarch, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM);
      int high_size = register_size (current_gdbarch, HIGH_RETURN_REGNUM);

      if (len <= low_size)
        {
          regcache_raw_read (regcache, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM, buf);
          memcpy (valbuf, buf, len);
        }
      else if (len <= (low_size + high_size))
        {
          regcache_raw_read (regcache, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM, buf);
          memcpy (valbuf, buf, low_size);
          regcache_raw_read (regcache, HIGH_RETURN_REGNUM, buf);
          memcpy (valbuf + low_size, buf, len - low_size);
        }
      else
        internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
                        _("Cannot extract return value of %d bytes long."), len);
    }
}

/* Write, for architecture GDBARCH, a function return value of TYPE
   from VALBUF into REGCACHE.  */

static void
i386_store_return_value (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type,
                         struct regcache *regcache, const gdb_byte *valbuf)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);

  /* Define I387_ST0_REGNUM such that we use the proper definitions
     for the architecture.  */
#define I387_ST0_REGNUM I386_ST0_REGNUM

  if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_FLT)
    {
      ULONGEST fstat;
      gdb_byte buf[I386_MAX_REGISTER_SIZE];

      if (tdep->st0_regnum < 0)
        {
          warning (_("Cannot set floating-point return value."));
          return;
        }

      /* Returning floating-point values is a bit tricky.  Apart from
         storing the return value in %st(0), we have to simulate the
         state of the FPU at function return point.  */

      /* Convert the value found in VALBUF to the extended
         floating-point format used by the FPU.  This is probably
         not exactly how it would happen on the target itself, but
         it is the best we can do.  */
      convert_typed_floating (valbuf, type, buf, builtin_type_i387_ext);
      regcache_raw_write (regcache, I386_ST0_REGNUM, buf);

      /* Set the top of the floating-point register stack to 7.  The
         actual value doesn't really matter, but 7 is what a normal
         function return would end up with if the program started out
         with a freshly initialized FPU.  */
      regcache_raw_read_unsigned (regcache, I387_FSTAT_REGNUM, &fstat);
      fstat |= (7 << 11);
      regcache_raw_write_unsigned (regcache, I387_FSTAT_REGNUM, fstat);

      /* Mark %st(1) through %st(7) as empty.  Since we set the top of
         the floating-point register stack to 7, the appropriate value
         for the tag word is 0x3fff.  */
      regcache_raw_write_unsigned (regcache, I387_FTAG_REGNUM, 0x3fff);
    }
  else
    {
      int low_size = register_size (current_gdbarch, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM);
      int high_size = register_size (current_gdbarch, HIGH_RETURN_REGNUM);

      if (len <= low_size)
        regcache_raw_write_part (regcache, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM, 0, len, valbuf);
      else if (len <= (low_size + high_size))
        {
          regcache_raw_write (regcache, LOW_RETURN_REGNUM, valbuf);
          regcache_raw_write_part (regcache, HIGH_RETURN_REGNUM, 0,
                                   len - low_size, valbuf + low_size);
        }
      else
        internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__,
                        _("Cannot store return value of %d bytes long."), len);
    }

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
}
\f

/* This is the variable that is set with "set struct-convention", and
   its legitimate values.  */
static const char default_struct_convention[] = "default";
static const char pcc_struct_convention[] = "pcc";
static const char reg_struct_convention[] = "reg";
static const char *valid_conventions[] =
{
  default_struct_convention,
  pcc_struct_convention,
  reg_struct_convention,
  NULL
};
static const char *struct_convention = default_struct_convention;

/* Return non-zero if TYPE, which is assumed to be a structure,
   a union type, or an array type, should be returned in registers
   for architecture GDBARCH.  */

static int
i386_reg_struct_return_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
  enum type_code code = TYPE_CODE (type);
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);

  gdb_assert (code == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
              || code == TYPE_CODE_UNION
              || code == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY);

  if (struct_convention == pcc_struct_convention
      || (struct_convention == default_struct_convention
          && tdep->struct_return == pcc_struct_return))
    return 0;

  /* Structures consisting of a single `float', `double' or 'long
     double' member are returned in %st(0).  */
  if (code == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_NFIELDS (type) == 1)
    {
      type = check_typedef (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, 0));
      if (TYPE_CODE (type) == TYPE_CODE_FLT)
        return (len == 4 || len == 8 || len == 12);
    }

  return (len == 1 || len == 2 || len == 4 || len == 8);
}

/* Determine, for architecture GDBARCH, how a return value of TYPE
   should be returned.  If it is supposed to be returned in registers,
   and READBUF is non-zero, read the appropriate value from REGCACHE,
   and copy it into READBUF.  If WRITEBUF is non-zero, write the value
   from WRITEBUF into REGCACHE.  */

static enum return_value_convention
i386_return_value (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type,
                   struct regcache *regcache, gdb_byte *readbuf,
                   const gdb_byte *writebuf)
{
  enum type_code code = TYPE_CODE (type);

  if ((code == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT
       || code == TYPE_CODE_UNION
       || code == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY)
      && !i386_reg_struct_return_p (gdbarch, type))
    {
      /* The System V ABI says that:

         "A function that returns a structure or union also sets %eax
         to the value of the original address of the caller's area
         before it returns.  Thus when the caller receives control
         again, the address of the returned object resides in register
         %eax and can be used to access the object."

         So the ABI guarantees that we can always find the return
         value just after the function has returned.  */

      /* Note that the ABI doesn't mention functions returning arrays,
         which is something possible in certain languages such as Ada.
         In this case, the value is returned as if it was wrapped in
         a record, so the convention applied to records also applies
         to arrays.  */

      if (readbuf)
        {
          ULONGEST addr;

          regcache_raw_read_unsigned (regcache, I386_EAX_REGNUM, &addr);
          read_memory (addr, readbuf, TYPE_LENGTH (type));
        }

      return RETURN_VALUE_ABI_RETURNS_ADDRESS;
    }

  /* This special case is for structures consisting of a single
     `float', `double' or 'long double' member.  These structures are
     returned in %st(0).  For these structures, we call ourselves
     recursively, changing TYPE into the type of the first member of
     the structure.  Since that should work for all structures that
     have only one member, we don't bother to check the member's type
     here.  */
  if (code == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT && TYPE_NFIELDS (type) == 1)
    {
      type = check_typedef (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, 0));
      return i386_return_value (gdbarch, type, regcache, readbuf, writebuf);
    }

  if (readbuf)
    i386_extract_return_value (gdbarch, type, regcache, readbuf);
  if (writebuf)
    i386_store_return_value (gdbarch, type, regcache, writebuf);

  return RETURN_VALUE_REGISTER_CONVENTION;
}
\f

/* Type for %eflags.  */
struct type *i386_eflags_type;

/* Types for the MMX and SSE registers.  */
struct type *i386_mmx_type;
struct type *i386_sse_type;
struct type *i386_mxcsr_type;

/* Construct types for ISA-specific registers.  */
static void
i386_init_types (void)
{
  struct type *type;

  type = init_flags_type ("builtin_type_i386_eflags", 4);
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 0, "CF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 1, NULL);
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 2, "PF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 4, "AF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 6, "ZF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 7, "SF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 8, "TF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 9, "IF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 10, "DF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 11, "OF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 14, "NT");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 16, "RF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 17, "VM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 18, "AC");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 19, "VIF");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 20, "VIP");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 21, "ID");
  i386_eflags_type = type;

  /* The type we're building is this: */
#if 0
  union __gdb_builtin_type_vec64i
  {
    int64_t uint64;
    int32_t v2_int32[2];
    int16_t v4_int16[4];
    int8_t v8_int8[8];
  };
#endif

  type = init_composite_type ("__gdb_builtin_type_vec64i", TYPE_CODE_UNION);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "uint64", builtin_type_int64);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v2_int32", builtin_type_v2_int32);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v4_int16", builtin_type_v4_int16);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v8_int8", builtin_type_v8_int8);
  TYPE_FLAGS (type) |= TYPE_FLAG_VECTOR;
  TYPE_NAME (type) = "builtin_type_vec64i";
  i386_mmx_type = type;

  /* The type we're building is this: */
#if 0
  union __gdb_builtin_type_vec128i
  {
    int128_t uint128;
    int64_t v2_int64[2];
    int32_t v4_int32[4];
    int16_t v8_int16[8];
    int8_t v16_int8[16];
    double v2_double[2];
    float v4_float[4];
  };
#endif

  type = init_composite_type ("__gdb_builtin_type_vec128i", TYPE_CODE_UNION);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v4_float", builtin_type_v4_float);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v2_double", builtin_type_v2_double);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v16_int8", builtin_type_v16_int8);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v8_int16", builtin_type_v8_int16);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v4_int32", builtin_type_v4_int32);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "v2_int64", builtin_type_v2_int64);
  append_composite_type_field (type, "uint128", builtin_type_int128);
  TYPE_FLAGS (type) |= TYPE_FLAG_VECTOR;
  TYPE_NAME (type) = "builtin_type_vec128i";
  i386_sse_type = type;

  type = init_flags_type ("builtin_type_i386_mxcsr", 4);
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 0, "IE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 1, "DE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 2, "ZE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 3, "OE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 4, "UE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 5, "PE");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 6, "DAZ");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 7, "IM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 8, "DM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 9, "ZM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 10, "OM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 11, "UM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 12, "PM");
  append_flags_type_flag (type, 15, "FZ");
  i386_mxcsr_type = type;
}

/* Return the GDB type object for the "standard" data type of data in
   register REGNUM.  Perhaps %esi and %edi should go here, but
   potentially they could be used for things other than address.  */

static struct type *
i386_register_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum)
{
  if (regnum == I386_EIP_REGNUM)
    return builtin_type_void_func_ptr;

  if (regnum == I386_EFLAGS_REGNUM)
    return i386_eflags_type;

  if (regnum == I386_EBP_REGNUM || regnum == I386_ESP_REGNUM)
    return builtin_type_void_data_ptr;

  if (i386_fp_regnum_p (regnum))
    return builtin_type_i387_ext;

  if (i386_mmx_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum))
    return i386_mmx_type;

  if (i386_sse_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum))
    return i386_sse_type;

#define I387_ST0_REGNUM I386_ST0_REGNUM
#define I387_NUM_XMM_REGS (gdbarch_tdep (current_gdbarch)->num_xmm_regs)

  if (regnum == I387_MXCSR_REGNUM)
    return i386_mxcsr_type;

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
#undef I387_NUM_XMM_REGS

  return builtin_type_int;
}

/* Map a cooked register onto a raw register or memory.  For the i386,
   the MMX registers need to be mapped onto floating point registers.  */

static int
i386_mmx_regnum_to_fp_regnum (struct regcache *regcache, int regnum)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (get_regcache_arch (regcache));
  int mmxreg, fpreg;
  ULONGEST fstat;
  int tos;

  /* Define I387_ST0_REGNUM such that we use the proper definitions
     for REGCACHE's architecture.  */
#define I387_ST0_REGNUM tdep->st0_regnum

  mmxreg = regnum - tdep->mm0_regnum;
  regcache_raw_read_unsigned (regcache, I387_FSTAT_REGNUM, &fstat);
  tos = (fstat >> 11) & 0x7;
  fpreg = (mmxreg + tos) % 8;

  return (I387_ST0_REGNUM + fpreg);

#undef I387_ST0_REGNUM
}

static void
i386_pseudo_register_read (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct regcache *regcache,
                           int regnum, gdb_byte *buf)
{
  if (i386_mmx_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum))
    {
      gdb_byte mmx_buf[MAX_REGISTER_SIZE];
      int fpnum = i386_mmx_regnum_to_fp_regnum (regcache, regnum);

      /* Extract (always little endian).  */
      regcache_raw_read (regcache, fpnum, mmx_buf);
      memcpy (buf, mmx_buf, register_size (gdbarch, regnum));
    }
  else
    regcache_raw_read (regcache, regnum, buf);
}

static void
i386_pseudo_register_write (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct regcache *regcache,
                            int regnum, const gdb_byte *buf)
{
  if (i386_mmx_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum))
    {
      gdb_byte mmx_buf[MAX_REGISTER_SIZE];
      int fpnum = i386_mmx_regnum_to_fp_regnum (regcache, regnum);

      /* Read ...  */
      regcache_raw_read (regcache, fpnum, mmx_buf);
      /* ... Modify ... (always little endian).  */
      memcpy (mmx_buf, buf, register_size (gdbarch, regnum));
      /* ... Write.  */
      regcache_raw_write (regcache, fpnum, mmx_buf);
    }
  else
    regcache_raw_write (regcache, regnum, buf);
}
\f

/* Return the register number of the register allocated by GCC after
   REGNUM, or -1 if there is no such register.  */

static int
i386_next_regnum (int regnum)
{
  /* GCC allocates the registers in the order:

     %eax, %edx, %ecx, %ebx, %esi, %edi, %ebp, %esp, ...

     Since storing a variable in %esp doesn't make any sense we return
     -1 for %ebp and for %esp itself.  */
  static int next_regnum[] =
  {
    I386_EDX_REGNUM,            /* Slot for %eax.  */
    I386_EBX_REGNUM,            /* Slot for %ecx.  */
    I386_ECX_REGNUM,            /* Slot for %edx.  */
    I386_ESI_REGNUM,            /* Slot for %ebx.  */
    -1, -1,                     /* Slots for %esp and %ebp.  */
    I386_EDI_REGNUM,            /* Slot for %esi.  */
    I386_EBP_REGNUM             /* Slot for %edi.  */
  };

  if (regnum >= 0 && regnum < sizeof (next_regnum) / sizeof (next_regnum[0]))
    return next_regnum[regnum];

  return -1;
}

/* Return nonzero if a value of type TYPE stored in register REGNUM
   needs any special handling.  */

static int
i386_convert_register_p (int regnum, struct type *type)
{
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);

  /* Values may be spread across multiple registers.  Most debugging
     formats aren't expressive enough to specify the locations, so
     some heuristics is involved.  Right now we only handle types that
     have a length that is a multiple of the word size, since GCC
     doesn't seem to put any other types into registers.  */
  if (len > 4 && len % 4 == 0)
    {
      int last_regnum = regnum;

      while (len > 4)
        {
          last_regnum = i386_next_regnum (last_regnum);
          len -= 4;
        }

      if (last_regnum != -1)
        return 1;
    }

  return i386_fp_regnum_p (regnum);
}

/* Read a value of type TYPE from register REGNUM in frame FRAME, and
   return its contents in TO.  */

static void
i386_register_to_value (struct frame_info *frame, int regnum,
                        struct type *type, gdb_byte *to)
{
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);

  /* FIXME: kettenis/20030609: What should we do if REGNUM isn't
     available in FRAME (i.e. if it wasn't saved)?  */

  if (i386_fp_regnum_p (regnum))
    {
      i387_register_to_value (frame, regnum, type, to);
      return;
    }

  /* Read a value spread across multiple registers.  */

  gdb_assert (len > 4 && len % 4 == 0);

  while (len > 0)
    {
      gdb_assert (regnum != -1);
      gdb_assert (register_size (current_gdbarch, regnum) == 4);

      get_frame_register (frame, regnum, to);
      regnum = i386_next_regnum (regnum);
      len -= 4;
      to += 4;
    }
}

/* Write the contents FROM of a value of type TYPE into register
   REGNUM in frame FRAME.  */

static void
i386_value_to_register (struct frame_info *frame, int regnum,
                        struct type *type, const gdb_byte *from)
{
  int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type);

  if (i386_fp_regnum_p (regnum))
    {
      i387_value_to_register (frame, regnum, type, from);
      return;
    }

  /* Write a value spread across multiple registers.  */

  gdb_assert (len > 4 && len % 4 == 0);

  while (len > 0)
    {
      gdb_assert (regnum != -1);
      gdb_assert (register_size (current_gdbarch, regnum) == 4);

      put_frame_register (frame, regnum, from);
      regnum = i386_next_regnum (regnum);
      len -= 4;
      from += 4;
    }
}
\f
/* Supply register REGNUM from the buffer specified by GREGS and LEN
   in the general-purpose register set REGSET to register cache
   REGCACHE.  If REGNUM is -1, do this for all registers in REGSET.  */

void
i386_supply_gregset (const struct regset *regset, struct regcache *regcache,
                     int regnum, const void *gregs, size_t len)
{
  const struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (regset->arch);
  const gdb_byte *regs = gregs;
  int i;

  gdb_assert (len == tdep->sizeof_gregset);

  for (i = 0; i < tdep->gregset_num_regs; i++)
    {
      if ((regnum == i || regnum == -1)
          && tdep->gregset_reg_offset[i] != -1)
        regcache_raw_supply (regcache, i, regs + tdep->gregset_reg_offset[i]);
    }
}

/* Collect register REGNUM from the register cache REGCACHE and store
   it in the buffer specified by GREGS and LEN as described by the
   general-purpose register set REGSET.  If REGNUM is -1, do this for
   all registers in REGSET.  */

void
i386_collect_gregset (const struct regset *regset,
                      const struct regcache *regcache,
                      int regnum, void *gregs, size_t len)
{
  const struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (regset->arch);
  gdb_byte *regs = gregs;
  int i;

  gdb_assert (len == tdep->sizeof_gregset);

  for (i = 0; i < tdep->gregset_num_regs; i++)
    {
      if ((regnum == i || regnum == -1)
          && tdep->gregset_reg_offset[i] != -1)
        regcache_raw_collect (regcache, i, regs + tdep->gregset_reg_offset[i]);
    }
}

/* Supply register REGNUM from the buffer specified by FPREGS and LEN
   in the floating-point register set REGSET to register cache
   REGCACHE.  If REGNUM is -1, do this for all registers in REGSET.  */

static void
i386_supply_fpregset (const struct regset *regset, struct regcache *regcache,
                      int regnum, const void *fpregs, size_t len)
{
  const struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (regset->arch);

  if (len == I387_SIZEOF_FXSAVE)
    {
      i387_supply_fxsave (regcache, regnum, fpregs);
      return;
    }

  gdb_assert (len == tdep->sizeof_fpregset);
  i387_supply_fsave (regcache, regnum, fpregs);
}

/* Collect register REGNUM from the register cache REGCACHE and store
   it in the buffer specified by FPREGS and LEN as described by the
   floating-point register set REGSET.  If REGNUM is -1, do this for
   all registers in REGSET.  */

static void
i386_collect_fpregset (const struct regset *regset,
                       const struct regcache *regcache,
                       int regnum, void *fpregs, size_t len)
{
  const struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (regset->arch);

  if (len == I387_SIZEOF_FXSAVE)
    {
      i387_collect_fxsave (regcache, regnum, fpregs);
      return;
    }

  gdb_assert (len == tdep->sizeof_fpregset);
  i387_collect_fsave (regcache, regnum, fpregs);
}

/* Return the appropriate register set for the core section identified
   by SECT_NAME and SECT_SIZE.  */

const struct regset *
i386_regset_from_core_section (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
                               const char *sect_name, size_t sect_size)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

  if (strcmp (sect_name, ".reg") == 0 && sect_size == tdep->sizeof_gregset)
    {
      if (tdep->gregset == NULL)
        tdep->gregset = regset_alloc (gdbarch, i386_supply_gregset,
                                      i386_collect_gregset);
      return tdep->gregset;
    }

  if ((strcmp (sect_name, ".reg2") == 0 && sect_size == tdep->sizeof_fpregset)
      || (strcmp (sect_name, ".reg-xfp") == 0
          && sect_size == I387_SIZEOF_FXSAVE))
    {
      if (tdep->fpregset == NULL)
        tdep->fpregset = regset_alloc (gdbarch, i386_supply_fpregset,
                                       i386_collect_fpregset);
      return tdep->fpregset;
    }

  return NULL;
}
\f

#ifdef STATIC_TRANSFORM_NAME
/* SunPRO encodes the static variables.  This is not related to C++
   mangling, it is done for C too.  */

char *
sunpro_static_transform_name (char *name)
{
  char *p;
  if (IS_STATIC_TRANSFORM_NAME (name))
    {
      /* For file-local statics there will be a period, a bunch of
         junk (the contents of which match a string given in the
         N_OPT), a period and the name.  For function-local statics
         there will be a bunch of junk (which seems to change the
         second character from 'A' to 'B'), a period, the name of the
         function, and the name.  So just skip everything before the
         last period.  */
      p = strrchr (name, '.');
      if (p != NULL)
        name = p + 1;
    }
  return name;
}
#endif /* STATIC_TRANSFORM_NAME */
\f

/* Stuff for WIN32 PE style DLL's but is pretty generic really.  */

CORE_ADDR
i386_pe_skip_trampoline_code (CORE_ADDR pc, char *name)
{
  if (pc && read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc, 2) == 0x25ff) /* jmp *(dest) */
    {
      unsigned long indirect = read_memory_unsigned_integer (pc + 2, 4);
      struct minimal_symbol *indsym =
        indirect ? lookup_minimal_symbol_by_pc (indirect) : 0;
      char *symname = indsym ? SYMBOL_LINKAGE_NAME (indsym) : 0;

      if (symname)
        {
          if (strncmp (symname, "__imp_", 6) == 0
              || strncmp (symname, "_imp_", 5) == 0)
            return name ? 1 : read_memory_unsigned_integer (indirect, 4);
        }
    }
  return 0;                     /* Not a trampoline.  */
}
\f

/* Return whether the frame preceding NEXT_FRAME corresponds to a
   sigtramp routine.  */

static int
i386_sigtramp_p (struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  CORE_ADDR pc = frame_pc_unwind (next_frame);
  char *name;

  find_pc_partial_function (pc, &name, NULL, NULL);
  return (name && strcmp ("_sigtramp", name) == 0);
}
\f

/* We have two flavours of disassembly.  The machinery on this page
   deals with switching between those.  */

static int
i386_print_insn (bfd_vma pc, struct disassemble_info *info)
{
  gdb_assert (disassembly_flavor == att_flavor
              || disassembly_flavor == intel_flavor);

  /* FIXME: kettenis/20020915: Until disassembler_options is properly
     constified, cast to prevent a compiler warning.  */
  info->disassembler_options = (char *) disassembly_flavor;
  info->mach = gdbarch_bfd_arch_info (current_gdbarch)->mach;

  return print_insn_i386 (pc, info);
}
\f

/* There are a few i386 architecture variants that differ only
   slightly from the generic i386 target.  For now, we don't give them
   their own source file, but include them here.  As a consequence,
   they'll always be included.  */

/* System V Release 4 (SVR4).  */

/* Return whether the frame preceding NEXT_FRAME corresponds to a SVR4
   sigtramp routine.  */

static int
i386_svr4_sigtramp_p (struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  CORE_ADDR pc = frame_pc_unwind (next_frame);
  char *name;

  /* UnixWare uses _sigacthandler.  The origin of the other symbols is
     currently unknown.  */
  find_pc_partial_function (pc, &name, NULL, NULL);
  return (name && (strcmp ("_sigreturn", name) == 0
                   || strcmp ("_sigacthandler", name) == 0
                   || strcmp ("sigvechandler", name) == 0));
}

/* Assuming NEXT_FRAME is for a frame following a SVR4 sigtramp
   routine, return the address of the associated sigcontext (ucontext)
   structure.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_svr4_sigcontext_addr (struct frame_info *next_frame)
{
  gdb_byte buf[4];
  CORE_ADDR sp;

  frame_unwind_register (next_frame, I386_ESP_REGNUM, buf);
  sp = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4);

  return read_memory_unsigned_integer (sp + 8, 4);
}
\f

/* Generic ELF.  */

void
i386_elf_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  /* We typically use stabs-in-ELF with the SVR4 register numbering.  */
  set_gdbarch_stab_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, i386_svr4_reg_to_regnum);
}

/* System V Release 4 (SVR4).  */

void
i386_svr4_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

  /* System V Release 4 uses ELF.  */
  i386_elf_init_abi (info, gdbarch);

  /* System V Release 4 has shared libraries.  */
  set_gdbarch_skip_trampoline_code (gdbarch, find_solib_trampoline_target);

  tdep->sigtramp_p = i386_svr4_sigtramp_p;
  tdep->sigcontext_addr = i386_svr4_sigcontext_addr;
  tdep->sc_pc_offset = 36 + 14 * 4;
  tdep->sc_sp_offset = 36 + 17 * 4;

  tdep->jb_pc_offset = 20;
}

/* DJGPP.  */

static void
i386_go32_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

  /* DJGPP doesn't have any special frames for signal handlers.  */
  tdep->sigtramp_p = NULL;

  tdep->jb_pc_offset = 36;
}

/* NetWare.  */

static void
i386_nw_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);

  tdep->jb_pc_offset = 24;
}
\f

/* i386 register groups.  In addition to the normal groups, add "mmx"
   and "sse".  */

static struct reggroup *i386_sse_reggroup;
static struct reggroup *i386_mmx_reggroup;

static void
i386_init_reggroups (void)
{
  i386_sse_reggroup = reggroup_new ("sse", USER_REGGROUP);
  i386_mmx_reggroup = reggroup_new ("mmx", USER_REGGROUP);
}

static void
i386_add_reggroups (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, i386_sse_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, i386_mmx_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, general_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, float_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, all_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, save_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, restore_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, vector_reggroup);
  reggroup_add (gdbarch, system_reggroup);
}

int
i386_register_reggroup_p (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum,
                          struct reggroup *group)
{
  int sse_regnum_p = (i386_sse_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum)
                      || i386_mxcsr_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum));
  int fp_regnum_p = (i386_fp_regnum_p (regnum)
                     || i386_fpc_regnum_p (regnum));
  int mmx_regnum_p = (i386_mmx_regnum_p (gdbarch, regnum));

  if (group == i386_mmx_reggroup)
    return mmx_regnum_p;
  if (group == i386_sse_reggroup)
    return sse_regnum_p;
  if (group == vector_reggroup)
    return (mmx_regnum_p || sse_regnum_p);
  if (group == float_reggroup)
    return fp_regnum_p;
  if (group == general_reggroup)
    return (!fp_regnum_p && !mmx_regnum_p && !sse_regnum_p);

  return default_register_reggroup_p (gdbarch, regnum, group);
}
\f

/* Get the ARGIth function argument for the current function.  */

static CORE_ADDR
i386_fetch_pointer_argument (struct frame_info *frame, int argi, 
                             struct type *type)
{
  CORE_ADDR sp = get_frame_register_unsigned  (frame, I386_ESP_REGNUM);
  return read_memory_unsigned_integer (sp + (4 * (argi + 1)), 4);
}

\f
static struct gdbarch *
i386_gdbarch_init (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch_list *arches)
{
  struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep;
  struct gdbarch *gdbarch;

  /* If there is already a candidate, use it.  */
  arches = gdbarch_list_lookup_by_info (arches, &info);
  if (arches != NULL)
    return arches->gdbarch;

  /* Allocate space for the new architecture.  */
  tdep = XMALLOC (struct gdbarch_tdep);
  gdbarch = gdbarch_alloc (&info, tdep);

  /* General-purpose registers.  */
  tdep->gregset = NULL;
  tdep->gregset_reg_offset = NULL;
  tdep->gregset_num_regs = I386_NUM_GREGS;
  tdep->sizeof_gregset = 0;

  /* Floating-point registers.  */
  tdep->fpregset = NULL;
  tdep->sizeof_fpregset = I387_SIZEOF_FSAVE;

  /* The default settings include the FPU registers, the MMX registers
     and the SSE registers.  This can be overridden for a specific ABI
     by adjusting the members `st0_regnum', `mm0_regnum' and
     `num_xmm_regs' of `struct gdbarch_tdep', otherwise the registers
     will show up in the output of "info all-registers".  Ideally we
     should try to autodetect whether they are available, such that we
     can prevent "info all-registers" from displaying registers that
     aren't available.

     NOTE: kevinb/2003-07-13: ... if it's a choice between printing
     [the SSE registers] always (even when they don't exist) or never
     showing them to the user (even when they do exist), I prefer the
     former over the latter.  */

  tdep->st0_regnum = I386_ST0_REGNUM;

  /* The MMX registers are implemented as pseudo-registers.  Put off
     calculating the register number for %mm0 until we know the number
     of raw registers.  */
  tdep->mm0_regnum = 0;

  /* I386_NUM_XREGS includes %mxcsr, so substract one.  */
  tdep->num_xmm_regs = I386_NUM_XREGS - 1;

  tdep->jb_pc_offset = -1;
  tdep->struct_return = pcc_struct_return;
  tdep->sigtramp_start = 0;
  tdep->sigtramp_end = 0;
  tdep->sigtramp_p = i386_sigtramp_p;
  tdep->sigcontext_addr = NULL;
  tdep->sc_reg_offset = NULL;
  tdep->sc_pc_offset = -1;
  tdep->sc_sp_offset = -1;

  /* The format used for `long double' on almost all i386 targets is
     the i387 extended floating-point format.  In fact, of all targets
     in the GCC 2.95 tree, only OSF/1 does it different, and insists
     on having a `long double' that's not `long' at all.  */
  set_gdbarch_long_double_format (gdbarch, floatformats_i387_ext);

  /* Although the i387 extended floating-point has only 80 significant
     bits, a `long double' actually takes up 96, probably to enforce
     alignment.  */
  set_gdbarch_long_double_bit (gdbarch, 96);

  /* The default ABI includes general-purpose registers, 
     floating-point registers, and the SSE registers.  */
  set_gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch, I386_SSE_NUM_REGS);
  set_gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, i386_register_name);
  set_gdbarch_register_type (gdbarch, i386_register_type);

  /* Register numbers of various important registers.  */
  set_gdbarch_sp_regnum (gdbarch, I386_ESP_REGNUM); /* %esp */
  set_gdbarch_pc_regnum (gdbarch, I386_EIP_REGNUM); /* %eip */
  set_gdbarch_ps_regnum (gdbarch, I386_EFLAGS_REGNUM); /* %eflags */
  set_gdbarch_fp0_regnum (gdbarch, I386_ST0_REGNUM); /* %st(0) */

  /* NOTE: kettenis/20040418: GCC does have two possible register
     numbering schemes on the i386: dbx and SVR4.  These schemes
     differ in how they number %ebp, %esp, %eflags, and the
     floating-point registers, and are implemented by the arrays
     dbx_register_map[] and svr4_dbx_register_map in
     gcc/config/i386.c.  GCC also defines a third numbering scheme in
     gcc/config/i386.c, which it designates as the "default" register
     map used in 64bit mode.  This last register numbering scheme is
     implemented in dbx64_register_map, and is used for AMD64; see
     amd64-tdep.c.

     Currently, each GCC i386 target always uses the same register
     numbering scheme across all its supported debugging formats
     i.e. SDB (COFF), stabs and DWARF 2.  This is because
     gcc/sdbout.c, gcc/dbxout.c and gcc/dwarf2out.c all use the
     DBX_REGISTER_NUMBER macro which is defined by each target's
     respective config header in a manner independent of the requested
     output debugging format.

     This does not match the arrangement below, which presumes that
     the SDB and stabs numbering schemes differ from the DWARF and
     DWARF 2 ones.  The reason for this arrangement is that it is
     likely to get the numbering scheme for the target's
     default/native debug format right.  For targets where GCC is the
     native compiler (FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, GNU/Linux) or for
     targets where the native toolchain uses a different numbering
     scheme for a particular debug format (stabs-in-ELF on Solaris)
     the defaults below will have to be overridden, like
     i386_elf_init_abi() does.  */

  /* Use the dbx register numbering scheme for stabs and COFF.  */
  set_gdbarch_stab_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, i386_dbx_reg_to_regnum);
  set_gdbarch_sdb_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, i386_dbx_reg_to_regnum);

  /* Use the SVR4 register numbering scheme for DWARF and DWARF 2.  */
  set_gdbarch_dwarf_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, i386_svr4_reg_to_regnum);
  set_gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, i386_svr4_reg_to_regnum);

  /* We don't define ECOFF_REG_TO_REGNUM, since ECOFF doesn't seem to
     be in use on any of the supported i386 targets.  */

  set_gdbarch_print_float_info (gdbarch, i387_print_float_info);

  set_gdbarch_get_longjmp_target (gdbarch, i386_get_longjmp_target);

  /* Call dummy code.  */
  set_gdbarch_push_dummy_call (gdbarch, i386_push_dummy_call);

  set_gdbarch_convert_register_p (gdbarch, i386_convert_register_p);
  set_gdbarch_register_to_value (gdbarch,  i386_register_to_value);
  set_gdbarch_value_to_register (gdbarch, i386_value_to_register);

  set_gdbarch_return_value (gdbarch, i386_return_value);

  set_gdbarch_skip_prologue (gdbarch, i386_skip_prologue);

  /* Stack grows downward.  */
  set_gdbarch_inner_than (gdbarch, core_addr_lessthan);

  set_gdbarch_breakpoint_from_pc (gdbarch, i386_breakpoint_from_pc);
  set_gdbarch_decr_pc_after_break (gdbarch, 1);

  set_gdbarch_frame_args_skip (gdbarch, 8);

  /* Wire in the MMX registers.  */
  set_gdbarch_num_pseudo_regs (gdbarch, i386_num_mmx_regs);
  set_gdbarch_pseudo_register_read (gdbarch, i386_pseudo_register_read);
  set_gdbarch_pseudo_register_write (gdbarch, i386_pseudo_register_write);

  set_gdbarch_print_insn (gdbarch, i386_print_insn);

  set_gdbarch_unwind_dummy_id (gdbarch, i386_unwind_dummy_id);

  set_gdbarch_unwind_pc (gdbarch, i386_unwind_pc);

  /* Add the i386 register groups.  */
  i386_add_reggroups (gdbarch);
  set_gdbarch_register_reggroup_p (gdbarch, i386_register_reggroup_p);

  /* Helper for function argument information.  */
  set_gdbarch_fetch_pointer_argument (gdbarch, i386_fetch_pointer_argument);

  /* Hook in the DWARF CFI frame unwinder.  */
  frame_unwind_append_sniffer (gdbarch, dwarf2_frame_sniffer);

  frame_base_set_default (gdbarch, &i386_frame_base);

  /* Hook in ABI-specific overrides, if they have been registered.  */
  gdbarch_init_osabi (info, gdbarch);

  frame_unwind_append_sniffer (gdbarch, i386_sigtramp_frame_sniffer);
  frame_unwind_append_sniffer (gdbarch, i386_frame_sniffer);

  /* If we have a register mapping, enable the generic core file
     support, unless it has already been enabled.  */
  if (tdep->gregset_reg_offset
      && !gdbarch_regset_from_core_section_p (gdbarch))
    set_gdbarch_regset_from_core_section (gdbarch,
                                          i386_regset_from_core_section);

  /* Unless support for MMX has been disabled, make %mm0 the first
     pseudo-register.  */
  if (tdep->mm0_regnum == 0)
    tdep->mm0_regnum = gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch);

  return gdbarch;
}

static enum gdb_osabi
i386_coff_osabi_sniffer (bfd *abfd)
{
  if (strcmp (bfd_get_target (abfd), "coff-go32-exe") == 0
      || strcmp (bfd_get_target (abfd), "coff-go32") == 0)
    return GDB_OSABI_GO32;

  return GDB_OSABI_UNKNOWN;
}

static enum gdb_osabi
i386_nlm_osabi_sniffer (bfd *abfd)
{
  return GDB_OSABI_NETWARE;
}
\f

/* Provide a prototype to silence -Wmissing-prototypes.  */
void _initialize_i386_tdep (void);

void
_initialize_i386_tdep (void)
{
  register_gdbarch_init (bfd_arch_i386, i386_gdbarch_init);

  /* Add the variable that controls the disassembly flavor.  */
  add_setshow_enum_cmd ("disassembly-flavor", no_class, valid_flavors,
                        &disassembly_flavor, _("\
Set the disassembly flavor."), _("\
Show the disassembly flavor."), _("\
The valid values are \"att\" and \"intel\", and the default value is \"att\"."),
                        NULL,
                        NULL, /* FIXME: i18n: */
                        &setlist, &showlist);

  /* Add the variable that controls the convention for returning
     structs.  */
  add_setshow_enum_cmd ("struct-convention", no_class, valid_conventions,
                        &struct_convention, _("\
Set the convention for returning small structs."), _("\
Show the convention for returning small structs."), _("\
Valid values are \"default\", \"pcc\" and \"reg\", and the default value\n\
is \"default\"."),
                        NULL,
                        NULL, /* FIXME: i18n: */
                        &setlist, &showlist);

  gdbarch_register_osabi_sniffer (bfd_arch_i386, bfd_target_coff_flavour,
                                  i386_coff_osabi_sniffer);
  gdbarch_register_osabi_sniffer (bfd_arch_i386, bfd_target_nlm_flavour,
                                  i386_nlm_osabi_sniffer);

  gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_i386, 0, GDB_OSABI_SVR4,
                          i386_svr4_init_abi);
  gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_i386, 0, GDB_OSABI_GO32,
                          i386_go32_init_abi);
  gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_i386, 0, GDB_OSABI_NETWARE,
                          i386_nw_init_abi);

  /* Initialize the i386-specific register groups & types.  */
  i386_init_reggroups ();
  i386_init_types();
}