1 /* m88k.c -- Assembler for the Motorola 88000
2 Contributed by Devon Bowen of Buffalo University
3 and Torbjorn Granlund of the Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
4 Copyright (C) 1989, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 1997
5 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
9 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
10 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
11 the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
14 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
17 GNU General Public License for more details.
19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
21 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
27 #include "m88k-opcode.h"
29 struct field_val_assoc
35 struct field_val_assoc cr_regs[] =
62 struct field_val_assoc fcr_regs[] =
80 struct field_val_assoc cmpslot[] =
82 /* Integer Floating point */
93 {"lo", 10}, {"in", 10},
94 {"hs", 11}, {"ob", 11},
95 {"be", 12}, {"ue", 12},
96 {"nb", 13}, {"lg", 13},
97 {"he", 14}, {"ug", 14},
98 {"nh", 15}, {"ule", 15},
105 struct field_val_assoc cndmsk[] =
119 unsigned long opcode;
121 enum reloc_type reloc;
124 static char *get_bf PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *valp));
125 static char *get_cmp PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *valp));
126 static char *get_cnd PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *valp));
127 static char *get_cr PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *regnop));
128 static char *get_fcr PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *regnop));
129 static char *get_imm16 PARAMS ((char *param, struct m88k_insn *insn));
130 static char *get_o6 PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *valp));
131 static char *get_reg PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *regnop, int reg_prefix));
132 static char *get_vec9 PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned *valp));
133 static char *getval PARAMS ((char *param, unsigned int *valp));
135 static char *get_pcr PARAMS ((char *param, struct m88k_insn *insn,
136 enum reloc_type reloc));
138 static int calcop PARAMS ((struct m88k_opcode *format,
139 char *param, struct m88k_insn *insn));
143 static struct hash_control *op_hash = NULL;
145 /* These bits should be turned off in the first address of every segment */
146 int md_seg_align = 7;
148 /* These chars start a comment anywhere in a source file (except inside
150 const char comment_chars[] = ";";
152 /* These chars only start a comment at the beginning of a line. */
153 const char line_comment_chars[] = "#";
155 const char line_separator_chars[] = "";
157 /* Chars that can be used to separate mant from exp in floating point nums */
158 const char EXP_CHARS[] = "eE";
160 /* Chars that mean this number is a floating point constant */
161 /* as in 0f123.456 */
162 /* or 0H1.234E-12 (see exp chars above) */
163 const char FLT_CHARS[] = "dDfF";
165 extern void float_cons (), cons (), s_globl (), s_space (),
166 s_set (), s_lcomm ();
168 const pseudo_typeS md_pseudo_table[] =
170 {"align", s_align_bytes, 4},
172 {"dfloat", float_cons, 'd'},
173 {"ffloat", float_cons, 'f'},
174 {"global", s_globl, 0},
177 {"string", stringer, 0},
179 /* Force set to be treated as an instruction. */
188 const char *retval = NULL;
191 /* initialize hash table */
193 op_hash = hash_new ();
195 /* loop until you see the end of the list */
197 while (*m88k_opcodes[i].name)
199 char *name = m88k_opcodes[i].name;
201 /* hash each mnemonic and record its position */
203 retval = hash_insert (op_hash, name, &m88k_opcodes[i]);
206 as_fatal ("Can't hash instruction '%s':%s",
207 m88k_opcodes[i].name, retval);
209 /* skip to next unique mnemonic or end of list */
211 for (i++; !strcmp (m88k_opcodes[i].name, name); i++)
216 CONST char *md_shortopts = "";
217 struct option md_longopts[] = {
218 {NULL, no_argument, NULL, 0}
220 size_t md_longopts_size = sizeof(md_longopts);
223 md_parse_option (c, arg)
231 md_show_usage (stream)
240 char *param, *thisfrag;
242 struct m88k_opcode *format;
243 struct m88k_insn insn;
247 /* skip over instruction to find parameters */
249 for (param = op; *param != 0 && !isspace (*param); param++)
254 /* try to find the instruction in the hash table */
256 if ((format = (struct m88k_opcode *) hash_find (op_hash, op)) == NULL)
258 as_bad ("Invalid mnemonic '%s'", op);
262 /* try parsing this instruction into insn */
264 insn.exp.X_add_symbol = 0;
265 insn.exp.X_op_symbol = 0;
266 insn.exp.X_add_number = 0;
267 insn.exp.X_op = O_illegal;
268 insn.reloc = NO_RELOC;
270 while (!calcop (format, param, &insn))
272 /* if it doesn't parse try the next instruction */
274 if (!strcmp (format[0].name, format[1].name))
278 as_fatal ("Parameter syntax error");
283 /* grow the current frag and plop in the opcode */
285 thisfrag = frag_more (4);
286 md_number_to_chars (thisfrag, insn.opcode, 4);
288 /* if this instruction requires labels mark it for later */
297 fix_new_exp (frag_now,
298 thisfrag - frag_now->fr_literal + 2,
306 fix_new_exp (frag_now,
307 thisfrag - frag_now->fr_literal,
315 fix_new_exp (frag_now,
316 thisfrag - frag_now->fr_literal + 2,
324 fix_new_exp (frag_now,
325 thisfrag - frag_now->fr_literal,
333 as_fatal ("Unknown relocation type");
339 calcop (format, param, insn)
340 struct m88k_opcode *format;
342 struct m88k_insn *insn;
344 char *fmt = format->op_spec;
348 int reg_prefix = 'r';
350 insn->opcode = format->opcode;
361 insn->opcode |= opcode;
362 return (*param == 0 || *param == '\n');
370 param = get_reg (param, &val, reg_prefix);
376 param = get_o6 (param, &val);
377 opcode |= ((val >> 2) << 7);
385 param = get_reg (param, &val, reg_prefix);
391 param = get_reg (param, &val, reg_prefix);
397 param = get_reg (param, &val, 'r');
398 opcode |= (val << 16) | val;
402 param = get_imm16 (param, insn);
406 param = get_bf (param, &val);
411 param = get_pcr (param, insn, RELOC_PC16);
415 param = get_pcr (param, insn, RELOC_PC26);
419 param = get_cmp (param, &val);
424 param = get_cnd (param, &val);
429 param = get_cr (param, &val);
434 param = get_fcr (param, &val);
439 param = get_vec9 (param, &val);
444 /* Having this here repeats the warning somtimes.
445 But can't we stand that? */
446 as_warn ("Use of obsolete instruction");
453 match_name (param, assoc_tab, valp)
455 struct field_val_assoc *assoc_tab;
464 name = assoc_tab[i].name;
467 name_len = strlen (name);
468 if (!strncmp (param, name, name_len))
470 *valp = assoc_tab[i].val;
471 return param + name_len;
477 get_reg (param, regnop, reg_prefix)
488 regno = *param++ - '0';
499 regno = regno * 10 + c;
514 else if (c == 's' && param[0] == 'p')
524 get_imm16 (param, insn)
526 struct m88k_insn *insn;
528 enum reloc_type reloc = NO_RELOC;
532 if (!strncmp (param, "hi16", 4) && !isalnum (param[4]))
537 else if (!strncmp (param, "lo16", 4) && !isalnum (param[4]))
542 else if (!strncmp (param, "iw16", 4) && !isalnum (param[4]))
548 save_ptr = input_line_pointer;
549 input_line_pointer = param;
550 expression (&insn->exp);
551 param = input_line_pointer;
552 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
554 val = insn->exp.X_add_number;
556 if (insn->exp.X_op == O_constant)
558 /* Insert the value now, and reset reloc to NO_RELOC. */
559 if (reloc == NO_RELOC)
561 /* Warn about too big expressions if not surrounded by xx16. */
563 as_warn ("Expression truncated to 16 bits");
566 if (reloc == RELOC_HI16)
569 insn->opcode |= val & 0xffff;
572 else if (reloc == NO_RELOC)
573 /* We accept a symbol even without lo16, hi16, etc, and assume
574 lo16 was intended. */
583 get_pcr (param, insn, reloc)
585 struct m88k_insn *insn;
586 enum reloc_type reloc;
588 char *saveptr, *saveparam;
590 saveptr = input_line_pointer;
591 input_line_pointer = param;
593 expression (&insn->exp);
595 saveparam = input_line_pointer;
596 input_line_pointer = saveptr;
598 /* Botch: We should relocate now if O_constant. */
605 get_cmp (param, valp)
614 param = match_name (param, cmpslot, valp);
621 save_ptr = input_line_pointer;
622 input_line_pointer = param;
623 val = get_absolute_expression ();
624 param = input_line_pointer;
625 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
629 as_warn ("Expression truncated to 5 bits");
639 get_cnd (param, valp)
645 if (isdigit (*param))
647 param = getval (param, &val);
651 as_warn ("Expression truncated to 5 bits");
657 if (isupper (*param))
658 *param = tolower (*param);
660 if (isupper (param[1]))
661 param[1] = tolower (param[1]);
663 param = match_name (param, cndmsk, valp);
692 else if (c == bc && depth <= 0)
699 get_bf_offset_expression (param, offsetp)
705 if (isalpha (param[0]))
707 if (isupper (param[0]))
708 param[0] = tolower (param[0]);
709 if (isupper (param[1]))
710 param[1] = tolower (param[1]);
712 param = match_name (param, cmpslot, offsetp);
718 input_line_pointer = param;
719 offset = get_absolute_expression ();
720 param = input_line_pointer;
737 xp = get_bf2 (param, '<');
739 save_ptr = input_line_pointer;
740 input_line_pointer = param;
743 /* We did not find '<'. We have an offset (width implicitly 32). */
744 param = get_bf_offset_expression (param, &offset);
745 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
751 *xp++ = 0; /* Overwrite the '<' */
752 param = get_bf2 (xp, '>');
755 *param++ = 0; /* Overwrite the '>' */
757 width = get_absolute_expression ();
758 xp = get_bf_offset_expression (xp, &offset);
759 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
765 *valp = ((width % 32) << 5) | (offset % 32);
771 get_cr (param, regnop)
778 if (!strncmp (param, "cr", 2))
782 regno = *param++ - '0';
793 regno = regno * 10 + c;
809 param = match_name (param, cr_regs, regnop);
815 get_fcr (param, regnop)
822 if (!strncmp (param, "fcr", 3))
826 regno = *param++ - '0';
837 regno = regno * 10 + c;
853 param = match_name (param, fcr_regs, regnop);
859 get_vec9 (param, valp)
866 save_ptr = input_line_pointer;
867 input_line_pointer = param;
868 val = get_absolute_expression ();
869 param = input_line_pointer;
870 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
873 as_warn ("Expression truncated to 9 bits");
875 *valp = val % (1 << 9);
888 save_ptr = input_line_pointer;
889 input_line_pointer = param;
890 val = get_absolute_expression ();
891 param = input_line_pointer;
892 input_line_pointer = save_ptr;
895 as_warn ("Removed lower 2 bits of expression");
903 (isdigit (z) ? (z) - '0' : \
904 islower (z) ? (z) - 'a' + 10 : \
905 isupper (z) ? (z) - 'A' + 10 : -1)
912 unsigned int val = 0;
919 if (c == 'x' || c == 'X')
955 md_number_to_chars (buf, val, nbytes)
960 number_to_chars_bigendian (buf, val, nbytes);
965 /* This routine is never called. What is it for?
966 Ian Taylor, Cygnus Support 13 Jul 1993 */
969 md_number_to_imm (buf, val, nbytes, fixP, seg_type)
976 if (seg_type != N_TEXT || fixP->fx_r_type == NO_RELOC)
995 switch (fixP->fx_r_type)
1020 buf[0] |= (val >> 26) & 0x03;
1034 as_fatal ("Bad relocation type");
1042 md_number_to_disp (buf, val, nbytes)
1047 as_fatal ("md_number_to_disp not defined");
1048 md_number_to_chars (buf, val, nbytes);
1052 md_number_to_field (buf, val, nbytes)
1057 as_fatal ("md_number_to_field not defined");
1058 md_number_to_chars (buf, val, nbytes);
1061 #define MAX_LITTLENUMS 6
1063 /* Turn a string in input_line_pointer into a floating point constant of type
1064 type, and store the appropriate bytes in *litP. The number of LITTLENUMS
1065 emitted is stored in *sizeP . An error message is returned, or NULL on OK.
1068 md_atof (type, litP, sizeP)
1074 LITTLENUM_TYPE words[MAX_LITTLENUMS];
1075 LITTLENUM_TYPE *wordP;
1107 return "Bad call to MD_ATOF()";
1109 t = atof_ieee (input_line_pointer, type, words);
1111 input_line_pointer = t;
1113 *sizeP = prec * sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
1114 for (wordP = words; prec--;)
1116 md_number_to_chars (litP, (long) (*wordP++), sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE));
1117 litP += sizeof (LITTLENUM_TYPE);
1122 int md_short_jump_size = 4;
1125 md_create_short_jump (ptr, from_addr, to_addr, frag, to_symbol)
1127 addressT from_addr, to_addr;
1131 ptr[0] = (char) 0xc0;
1136 ptr - frag->fr_literal,
1141 RELOC_PC26); /* Botch: Shouldn't this be RELOC_PC16? */
1144 int md_long_jump_size = 4;
1147 md_create_long_jump (ptr, from_addr, to_addr, frag, to_symbol)
1149 addressT from_addr, to_addr;
1153 ptr[0] = (char) 0xc0;
1158 ptr - frag->fr_literal,
1167 md_estimate_size_before_relax (fragP, segment_type)
1171 as_fatal ("Relaxation should never occur");
1177 /* As far as I can tell, this routine is never called. What is it
1179 Ian Taylor, Cygnus Support 13 Jul 1993 */
1183 * Risc relocations are completely different, so it needs
1184 * this machine dependent routine to emit them.
1187 emit_relocations (fixP, segment_address_in_file)
1189 relax_addressT segment_address_in_file;
1191 struct reloc_info_m88k ri;
1193 extern char *next_object_file_charP;
1195 bzero ((char *) &ri, sizeof (ri));
1196 for (; fixP; fixP = fixP->fx_next)
1198 if (fixP->fx_r_type >= NO_RELOC)
1200 fprintf (stderr, "fixP->fx_r_type = %d\n", fixP->fx_r_type);
1204 if ((symbolP = fixP->fx_addsy) != NULL)
1206 ri.r_address = fixP->fx_frag->fr_address +
1207 fixP->fx_where - segment_address_in_file;
1208 if ((symbolP->sy_type & N_TYPE) == N_UNDF)
1211 ri.r_symbolnum = symbolP->sy_number;
1216 ri.r_symbolnum = symbolP->sy_type & N_TYPE;
1218 if (symbolP && symbolP->sy_frag)
1220 ri.r_addend = symbolP->sy_frag->fr_address;
1222 ri.r_type = fixP->fx_r_type;
1225 ri.r_addend -= ri.r_address;
1229 ri.r_addend = fixP->fx_addnumber;
1232 append (&next_object_file_charP, (char *) &ri, sizeof (ri));
1241 /* This routine can be subsumed by s_lcomm in read.c.
1242 Ian Taylor, Cygnus Support 13 Jul 1993 */
1251 int temp, bss_align;
1254 name = input_line_pointer;
1255 c = get_symbol_end ();
1256 p = input_line_pointer;
1259 if (*input_line_pointer != ',')
1261 as_warn ("Expected comma after name");
1262 ignore_rest_of_line ();
1265 input_line_pointer++;
1266 if ((temp = get_absolute_expression ()) < 0)
1268 as_warn ("BSS length (%d.) <0! Ignored.", temp);
1269 ignore_rest_of_line ();
1273 symbolP = symbol_find_or_make (name);
1275 if (*input_line_pointer == ',')
1277 input_line_pointer++;
1278 bss_align = get_absolute_expression ();
1283 if (!S_IS_DEFINED(symbolP)
1284 || S_GET_SEGMENT(symbolP) == SEG_BSS)
1289 segT current_seg = now_seg;
1290 subsegT current_subseg = now_subseg;
1292 subseg_set (SEG_BSS, 1); /* switch to bss */
1295 frag_align (bss_align, 0, 0);
1297 /* detach from old frag */
1298 if (symbolP->sy_type == N_BSS && symbolP->sy_frag != NULL)
1299 symbolP->sy_frag->fr_symbol = NULL;
1301 symbolP->sy_frag = frag_now;
1302 p = frag_var (rs_org, 1, 1, (relax_substateT)0, symbolP,
1305 S_SET_SEGMENT (symbolP, SEG_BSS);
1307 subseg_set (current_seg, current_subseg);
1312 as_warn ("Ignoring attempt to re-define symbol %s.", name);
1315 while (!is_end_of_line[*input_line_pointer])
1317 input_line_pointer++;
1325 /* These functions are needed if we are linking with obj-coffbfd.c.
1326 That file may be replaced by a more BFD oriented version at some
1327 point. If that happens, these functions should be rexamined.
1329 Ian Lance Taylor, Cygnus Support, 13 July 1993. */
1331 /* Given a fixS structure (created by a call to fix_new, above),
1332 return the BFD relocation type to use for it. */
1335 tc_coff_fix2rtype (fixp)
1338 switch (fixp->fx_r_type)
1357 /* Apply a fixS to the object file. Since COFF does not use addends
1358 in relocs, the addend is actually stored directly in the object
1362 md_apply_fix (fixp, val)
1368 buf = fixp->fx_frag->fr_literal + fixp->fx_where;
1369 fixp->fx_offset = 0;
1371 switch (fixp->fx_r_type)
1374 fixp->fx_offset = val >> 16;
1380 fixp->fx_offset = val >> 16;
1386 fixp->fx_offset = val >> 16;
1397 buf[0] |= (val >> 26) & 0x03;
1415 /* Where a PC relative offset is calculated from. On the m88k they
1416 are calculated from just after the instruction. */
1419 md_pcrel_from (fixp)
1422 switch (fixp->fx_r_type)
1425 return fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where - 2;
1427 return fixp->fx_frag->fr_address + fixp->fx_where;
1434 /* When we align the .init section, insert the correct NOP pattern. */
1437 m88k_do_align (n, fill, max, len)
1444 && strcmp (obj_segment_name (now_seg), ".init") == 0)
1446 static const unsigned char nop_pattern[] = { 0xf4, 0x00, 0x58, 0x00 };
1447 frag_align_pattern (n, nop_pattern, sizeof (nop_pattern), max);
1453 #endif /* M88KCOFF */