1 @c Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 @c This is part of the GAS manual.
3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
7 @chapter MSP 430 Dependent Features
10 @node Machine Dependencies
11 @chapter MSP 430 Dependent Features
14 @cindex MSP 430 support
17 * MSP430 Options:: Options
18 * MSP430 Syntax:: Syntax
19 * MSP430 Floating Point:: Floating Point
20 * MSP430 Directives:: MSP 430 Machine Directives
21 * MSP430 Opcodes:: Opcodes
22 * MSP430 Profiling Capability:: Profiling Capability
27 @cindex MSP 430 options (none)
28 @cindex options for MSP430 (none)
32 selects the mcu architecture. If the architecture is 430Xv2 then this
33 also enables NOP generation unless the @option{-mN} is also specified.
36 selects the cpu architecture. If the architecture is 430Xv2 then this
37 also enables NOP generation unless the @option{-mN} is also specified.
39 @item -msilicon-errata=@var{name}[,@var{name}@dots{}]
40 Implements a fixup for named silicon errata. Multiple silicon errata
41 can be specified by multiple uses of the @option{-msilicon-errata}
42 option and/or by including the errata names, separated by commas, on
43 an individual @option{-msilicon-errata} option. Errata names
44 currently recognised by the assembler are:
48 @code{PUSH #4} and @option{PUSH #8} need longer encodings on the
49 MSP430. This option is enabled by default, and cannot be disabled.
51 Do not set the @code{SP} to an odd value.
53 Do not update the @code{SR} and the @code{PC} in the same instruction.
55 Do not use the @code{PC} in a @code{CMP} or @code{BIT} instruction.
57 Do not use an arithmetic instruction to modify the @code{SR}.
59 Insert @code{NOP} after @code{CPUOFF}.
62 @item -msilicon-errata-warn=@var{name}[,@var{name}@dots{}]
63 Like the @option{-msilicon-errata} option except that instead of
64 fixing the specified errata, a warning message is issued instead.
65 This option can be used alongside @option{-msilicon-errata} to
66 generate messages whenever a problem is fixed, or on its own in order
67 to inspect code for potential problems.
70 enables polymorph instructions handler.
73 enables relaxation at assembly time. DANGEROUS!
76 indicates that the input uses the large code model.
79 enables the generation of a NOP instruction following any instruction
80 that might change the interrupts enabled/disabled state. The
81 pipelined nature of the MSP430 core means that any instruction that
82 changes the interrupt state (@code{EINT}, @code{DINT}, @code{BIC #8,
83 SR}, @code{BIS #8, SR} or @code{MOV.W <>, SR}) must be
84 followed by a NOP instruction in order to ensure the correct
85 processing of interrupts. By default it is up to the programmer to
86 supply these NOP instructions, but this command line option enables
87 the automatic insertion by the assembler, if they are missing.
90 disables the generation of a NOP instruction following any instruction
91 that might change the interrupts enabled/disabled state. This is the
95 tells the assembler to generate a warning message if a NOP does not
96 immediately forllow an instruction that enables or disables
97 interrupts. This is the default.
99 Note that this option can be stacked with the @option{-mn} option so
100 that the assembler will both warn about missing NOP instructions and
101 then insert them automatically.
104 disables warnings about missing NOP instructions.
107 mark the object file as one that requires data to copied from ROM to
108 RAM at execution startup. Disabled by default.
115 * MSP430-Macros:: Macros
116 * MSP430-Chars:: Special Characters
117 * MSP430-Regs:: Register Names
118 * MSP430-Ext:: Assembler Extensions
124 @cindex Macros, MSP 430
125 @cindex MSP 430 macros
126 The macro syntax used on the MSP 430 is like that described in the MSP
127 430 Family Assembler Specification. Normal @code{@value{AS}}
128 macros should still work.
130 Additional built-in macros are:
135 Extracts least significant word from 32-bit expression 'exp'.
138 Extracts most significant word from 32-bit expression 'exp'.
141 Extracts 3rd word from 64-bit expression 'exp'.
144 Extracts 4rd word from 64-bit expression 'exp'.
148 They normally being used as an immediate source operand.
150 mov #llo(1), r10 ; == mov #1, r10
151 mov #lhi(1), r10 ; == mov #0, r10
155 @subsection Special Characters
157 @cindex line comment character, MSP 430
158 @cindex MSP 430 line comment character
159 A semicolon (@samp{;}) appearing anywhere on a line starts a comment
160 that extends to the end of that line.
162 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole
163 line is treated as a comment, but it can also be a logical line number
164 directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor control command
165 (@pxref{Preprocessing}).
167 @cindex line separator, MSP 430
168 @cindex statement separator, MSP 430
169 @cindex MSP 430 line separator
170 Multiple statements can appear on the same line provided that they are
171 separated by the @samp{@{} character.
173 @cindex identifiers, MSP 430
174 @cindex MSP 430 identifiers
175 The character @samp{$} in jump instructions indicates current location and
176 implemented only for TI syntax compatibility.
179 @subsection Register Names
181 @cindex MSP 430 register names
182 @cindex register names, MSP 430
183 General-purpose registers are represented by predefined symbols of the
184 form @samp{r@var{N}} (for global registers), where @var{N} represents
185 a number between @code{0} and @code{15}. The leading
186 letters may be in either upper or lower case; for example, @samp{r13}
187 and @samp{R7} are both valid register names.
189 @cindex special purpose registers, MSP 430
190 Register names @samp{PC}, @samp{SP} and @samp{SR} cannot be used as register names
191 and will be treated as variables. Use @samp{r0}, @samp{r1}, and @samp{r2} instead.
195 @subsection Assembler Extensions
196 @cindex MSP430 Assembler Extensions
201 As destination operand being treated as @samp{0(rn)}
204 As source operand being treated as @samp{@@rn}
207 Skips next N bytes followed by jump instruction and equivalent to
212 Also, there are some instructions, which cannot be found in other assemblers.
213 These are branch instructions, which has different opcodes upon jump distance.
214 They all got PC relative addressing mode.
218 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label} in case if jump distance
219 within allowed range for cpu's jump instruction. If not, this unrolls into
227 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jne label} or @samp{jeq +4; br label}
230 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jl label} or @samp{jge +4; br label}
233 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jn label} or @samp{jn +2; jmp +4; br label}
236 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jlo label} or @samp{jhs +2; br label}
239 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jge label} or @samp{jl +4; br label}
242 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jhs label} or @samp{jlo +4; br label}
245 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq +2; jge label} or @samp{jeq +6; jl +4; br label}
248 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq +2; jhs label} or @samp{jeq +6; jlo +4; br label}
251 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label; jlo label} or @samp{jeq +2; jhs +4; br label}
254 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jeq label; jl label} or @samp{jeq +2; jge +4; br label}
257 A polymorph instruction which is @samp{jmp label} or @samp{br label}
261 @node MSP430 Floating Point
262 @section Floating Point
264 @cindex floating point, MSP 430 (@sc{ieee})
265 @cindex MSP 430 floating point (@sc{ieee})
266 The MSP 430 family uses @sc{ieee} 32-bit floating-point numbers.
268 @node MSP430 Directives
269 @section MSP 430 Machine Directives
271 @cindex machine directives, MSP 430
272 @cindex MSP 430 machine directives
274 @cindex @code{file} directive, MSP 430
276 This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
280 @emph{Warning:} in other versions of the @sc{gnu} assembler, @code{.file} is
281 used for the directive called @code{.app-file} in the MSP 430 support.
284 @cindex @code{line} directive, MSP 430
286 This directive is ignored; it is accepted for compatibility with other
289 @cindex @code{arch} directive, MSP 430
291 Sets the target microcontroller in the same way as the @option{-mmcu}
294 @cindex @code{cpu} directive, MSP 430
296 Sets the target architecture in the same way as the @option{-mcpu}
299 @cindex @code{profiler} directive, MSP 430
301 This directive instructs assembler to add new profile entry to the object file.
303 @cindex @code{refsym} directive, MSP 430
305 This directive instructs assembler to add an undefined reference to
306 the symbol following the directive. The maximum symbol name length is
307 1023 characters. No relocation is created for this symbol; it will
308 exist purely for pulling in object files from archives. Note that
309 this reloc is not sufficient to prevent garbage collection; use a
310 KEEP() directive in the linker file to preserve such objects.
317 @cindex MSP 430 opcodes
318 @cindex opcodes for MSP 430
319 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard MSP 430 opcodes. No
320 additional pseudo-instructions are needed on this family.
322 For information on the 430 machine instruction set, see @cite{MSP430
323 User's Manual, document slau049d}, Texas Instrument, Inc.
325 @node MSP430 Profiling Capability
326 @section Profiling Capability
328 @cindex MSP 430 profiling capability
329 @cindex profiling capability for MSP 430
330 It is a performance hit to use gcc's profiling approach for this tiny target.
331 Even more -- jtag hardware facility does not perform any profiling functions.
332 However we've got gdb's built-in simulator where we can do anything.
334 We define new section @samp{.profiler} which holds all profiling information.
335 We define new pseudo operation @samp{.profiler} which will instruct assembler to
336 add new profile entry to the object file. Profile should take place at the
339 Pseudo operation format:
341 @samp{.profiler flags,function_to_profile [, cycle_corrector, extra]}
350 @samp{flags} is a combination of the following characters:
357 function is in init section
359 function is in fini section
367 interrupt service routine
377 long jump / sjlj unwind
379 an arbitrary code fragment
381 extra parameter saved (a constant value like frame size)
384 @item function_to_profile
386 @item cycle_corrector
387 a value which should be added to the cycle counter, zero if omitted.
389 any extra parameter, zero if omitted.
398 .LFrameOffset_fxx=0x08
399 .profiler "scdP", fxx ; function entry.
400 ; we also demand stack value to be saved
405 .profiler "cdpt",fxx,0, .LFrameOffset_fxx ; check stack value at this point
406 ; (this is a prologue end)
407 ; note, that spare var filled with
411 .profiler cdE,fxx ; check stack
416 .profiler xcde,fxx,3 ; exit adds 3 to the cycle counter
417 ret ; cause 'ret' insn takes 3 cycles