1 /* GNU/Linux on ARM target support.
2 Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GDB.
6 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
18 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
19 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */
25 #include "floatformat.h"
34 /* For shared library handling. */
39 /* Under ARM GNU/Linux the traditional way of performing a breakpoint
40 is to execute a particular software interrupt, rather than use a
41 particular undefined instruction to provoke a trap. Upon exection
42 of the software interrupt the kernel stops the inferior with a
43 SIGTRAP, and wakes the debugger. Since ARM GNU/Linux is little
44 endian, and doesn't support Thumb at the moment we only override
45 the ARM little-endian breakpoint. */
47 static const char arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint[] = {0x01,0x00,0x9f,0xef};
50 This sequence of words is the instructions
56 Note this is 12 bytes. */
58 LONGEST arm_linux_call_dummy_words[] =
60 0xe1a0e00f, 0xe1a0f004, 0xef9f001
63 /* Description of the longjmp buffer. */
64 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE INT_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE
65 #define ARM_LINUX_JB_PC 21
67 /* Extract from an array REGBUF containing the (raw) register state
68 a function return value of type TYPE, and copy that, in virtual format,
70 /* FIXME rearnsha/2002-02-23: This function shouldn't be necessary.
71 The ARM generic one should be able to handle the model used by
72 linux and the low-level formatting of the registers should be
73 hidden behind the regcache abstraction. */
75 arm_linux_extract_return_value (struct type *type,
76 char regbuf[REGISTER_BYTES],
79 /* ScottB: This needs to be looked at to handle the different
80 floating point emulators on ARM GNU/Linux. Right now the code
81 assumes that fetch inferior registers does the right thing for
82 GDB. I suspect this won't handle NWFPE registers correctly, nor
83 will the default ARM version (arm_extract_return_value()). */
85 int regnum = ((TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (type))
86 ? ARM_F0_REGNUM : ARM_A1_REGNUM);
87 memcpy (valbuf, ®buf[REGISTER_BYTE (regnum)], TYPE_LENGTH (type));
92 This function does not support passing parameters using the FPA
93 variant of the APCS. It passes any floating point arguments in the
94 general registers and/or on the stack.
96 FIXME: This and arm_push_arguments should be merged. However this
97 function breaks on a little endian host, big endian target
98 using the COFF file format. ELF is ok.
102 /* Addresses for calling Thumb functions have the bit 0 set.
103 Here are some macros to test, set, or clear bit 0 of addresses. */
104 #define IS_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & 1)
105 #define MAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) | 1)
106 #define UNMAKE_THUMB_ADDR(addr) ((addr) & ~1)
109 arm_linux_push_arguments (int nargs, struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp,
110 int struct_return, CORE_ADDR struct_addr)
113 int argnum, argreg, nstack_size;
115 /* Walk through the list of args and determine how large a temporary
116 stack is required. Need to take care here as structs may be
117 passed on the stack, and we have to to push them. */
118 nstack_size = -4 * REGISTER_SIZE; /* Some arguments go into A1-A4. */
120 if (struct_return) /* The struct address goes in A1. */
121 nstack_size += REGISTER_SIZE;
123 /* Walk through the arguments and add their size to nstack_size. */
124 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
127 struct type *arg_type;
129 arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (args[argnum]));
130 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
132 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
133 passes float arguments as doubles. Correct for this here. */
134 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == TYPE_CODE (arg_type) && REGISTER_SIZE == len)
135 nstack_size += FP_REGISTER_VIRTUAL_SIZE;
140 /* Allocate room on the stack, and initialize our stack frame
149 /* Initialize the integer argument register pointer. */
150 argreg = ARM_A1_REGNUM;
152 /* The struct_return pointer occupies the first parameter passing
155 write_register (argreg++, struct_addr);
157 /* Process arguments from left to right. Store as many as allowed
158 in the parameter passing registers (A1-A4), and save the rest on
159 the temporary stack. */
160 for (argnum = 0; argnum < nargs; argnum++)
165 enum type_code typecode;
166 struct type *arg_type, *target_type;
168 arg_type = check_typedef (VALUE_TYPE (args[argnum]));
169 target_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (arg_type);
170 len = TYPE_LENGTH (arg_type);
171 typecode = TYPE_CODE (arg_type);
172 val = (char *) VALUE_CONTENTS (args[argnum]);
174 /* ANSI C code passes float arguments as integers, K&R code
175 passes float arguments as doubles. The .stabs record for
176 for ANSI prototype floating point arguments records the
177 type as FP_INTEGER, while a K&R style (no prototype)
178 .stabs records the type as FP_FLOAT. In this latter case
179 the compiler converts the float arguments to double before
180 calling the function. */
181 if (TYPE_CODE_FLT == typecode && REGISTER_SIZE == len)
184 dblval = deprecated_extract_floating (val, len);
185 len = TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT / TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
187 deprecated_store_floating (val, len, dblval);
190 /* If the argument is a pointer to a function, and it is a Thumb
191 function, set the low bit of the pointer. */
192 if (TYPE_CODE_PTR == typecode
193 && NULL != target_type
194 && TYPE_CODE_FUNC == TYPE_CODE (target_type))
196 CORE_ADDR regval = extract_address (val, len);
197 if (arm_pc_is_thumb (regval))
198 store_address (val, len, MAKE_THUMB_ADDR (regval));
201 /* Copy the argument to general registers or the stack in
202 register-sized pieces. Large arguments are split between
203 registers and stack. */
206 int partial_len = len < REGISTER_SIZE ? len : REGISTER_SIZE;
208 if (argreg <= ARM_LAST_ARG_REGNUM)
210 /* It's an argument being passed in a general register. */
211 regval = extract_address (val, partial_len);
212 write_register (argreg++, regval);
216 /* Push the arguments onto the stack. */
217 write_memory ((CORE_ADDR) fp, val, REGISTER_SIZE);
226 /* Return adjusted stack pointer. */
231 Dynamic Linking on ARM GNU/Linux
232 --------------------------------
234 Note: PLT = procedure linkage table
235 GOT = global offset table
237 As much as possible, ELF dynamic linking defers the resolution of
238 jump/call addresses until the last minute. The technique used is
239 inspired by the i386 ELF design, and is based on the following
242 1) The calling technique should not force a change in the assembly
243 code produced for apps; it MAY cause changes in the way assembly
244 code is produced for position independent code (i.e. shared
247 2) The technique must be such that all executable areas must not be
248 modified; and any modified areas must not be executed.
250 To do this, there are three steps involved in a typical jump:
254 3) using a pointer from the GOT
256 When the executable or library is first loaded, each GOT entry is
257 initialized to point to the code which implements dynamic name
258 resolution and code finding. This is normally a function in the
259 program interpreter (on ARM GNU/Linux this is usually
260 ld-linux.so.2, but it does not have to be). On the first
261 invocation, the function is located and the GOT entry is replaced
262 with the real function address. Subsequent calls go through steps
263 1, 2 and 3 and end up calling the real code.
270 This is typical ARM code using the 26 bit relative branch or branch
271 and link instructions. The target of the instruction
272 (function_call is usually the address of the function to be called.
273 In position independent code, the target of the instruction is
274 actually an entry in the PLT when calling functions in a shared
275 library. Note that this call is identical to a normal function
276 call, only the target differs.
280 The PLT is a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists in
281 both executables and libraries. It is an array of stubs, one per
282 imported function call. It looks like this:
285 str lr, [sp, #-4]! @push the return address (lr)
286 ldr lr, [pc, #16] @load from 6 words ahead
287 add lr, pc, lr @form an address for GOT[0]
288 ldr pc, [lr, #8]! @jump to the contents of that addr
290 The return address (lr) is pushed on the stack and used for
291 calculations. The load on the second line loads the lr with
292 &GOT[3] - . - 20. The addition on the third leaves:
294 lr = (&GOT[3] - . - 20) + (. + 8)
298 On the fourth line, the pc and lr are both updated, so that:
304 NOTE: PLT[0] borrows an offset .word from PLT[1]. This is a little
305 "tight", but allows us to keep all the PLT entries the same size.
308 ldr ip, [pc, #4] @load offset from gotoff
309 add ip, pc, ip @add the offset to the pc
310 ldr pc, [ip] @jump to that address
311 gotoff: .word GOT[n+3] - .
313 The load on the first line, gets an offset from the fourth word of
314 the PLT entry. The add on the second line makes ip = &GOT[n+3],
315 which contains either a pointer to PLT[0] (the fixup trampoline) or
316 a pointer to the actual code.
320 The GOT contains helper pointers for both code (PLT) fixups and
321 data fixups. The first 3 entries of the GOT are special. The next
322 M entries (where M is the number of entries in the PLT) belong to
323 the PLT fixups. The next D (all remaining) entries belong to
324 various data fixups. The actual size of the GOT is 3 + M + D.
326 The GOT is also a synthetic area, created by the linker. It exists
327 in both executables and libraries. When the GOT is first
328 initialized , all the GOT entries relating to PLT fixups are
329 pointing to code back at PLT[0].
331 The special entries in the GOT are:
333 GOT[0] = linked list pointer used by the dynamic loader
334 GOT[1] = pointer to the reloc table for this module
335 GOT[2] = pointer to the fixup/resolver code
337 The first invocation of function call comes through and uses the
338 fixup/resolver code. On the entry to the fixup/resolver code:
342 stack[0] = return address (lr) of the function call
343 [r0, r1, r2, r3] are still the arguments to the function call
345 This is enough information for the fixup/resolver code to work
346 with. Before the fixup/resolver code returns, it actually calls
347 the requested function and repairs &GOT[n+3]. */
349 /* Find the minimal symbol named NAME, and return both the minsym
350 struct and its objfile. This probably ought to be in minsym.c, but
351 everything there is trying to deal with things like C++ and
352 SOFUN_ADDRESS_MAYBE_TURQUOISE, ... Since this is so simple, it may
353 be considered too special-purpose for general consumption. */
355 static struct minimal_symbol *
356 find_minsym_and_objfile (char *name, struct objfile **objfile_p)
358 struct objfile *objfile;
360 ALL_OBJFILES (objfile)
362 struct minimal_symbol *msym;
364 ALL_OBJFILE_MSYMBOLS (objfile, msym)
366 if (DEPRECATED_SYMBOL_NAME (msym)
367 && strcmp (DEPRECATED_SYMBOL_NAME (msym), name) == 0)
369 *objfile_p = objfile;
380 skip_hurd_resolver (CORE_ADDR pc)
382 /* The HURD dynamic linker is part of the GNU C library, so many
383 GNU/Linux distributions use it. (All ELF versions, as far as I
384 know.) An unresolved PLT entry points to "_dl_runtime_resolve",
385 which calls "fixup" to patch the PLT, and then passes control to
388 We look for the symbol `_dl_runtime_resolve', and find `fixup' in
389 the same objfile. If we are at the entry point of `fixup', then
390 we set a breakpoint at the return address (at the top of the
391 stack), and continue.
393 It's kind of gross to do all these checks every time we're
394 called, since they don't change once the executable has gotten
395 started. But this is only a temporary hack --- upcoming versions
396 of GNU/Linux will provide a portable, efficient interface for
397 debugging programs that use shared libraries. */
399 struct objfile *objfile;
400 struct minimal_symbol *resolver
401 = find_minsym_and_objfile ("_dl_runtime_resolve", &objfile);
405 struct minimal_symbol *fixup
406 = lookup_minimal_symbol ("fixup", NULL, objfile);
408 if (fixup && SYMBOL_VALUE_ADDRESS (fixup) == pc)
409 return (DEPRECATED_SAVED_PC_AFTER_CALL (get_current_frame ()));
415 /* See the comments for SKIP_SOLIB_RESOLVER at the top of infrun.c.
417 1) decides whether a PLT has sent us into the linker to resolve
418 a function reference, and
419 2) if so, tells us where to set a temporary breakpoint that will
420 trigger when the dynamic linker is done. */
423 arm_linux_skip_solib_resolver (CORE_ADDR pc)
427 /* Plug in functions for other kinds of resolvers here. */
428 result = skip_hurd_resolver (pc);
436 /* The constants below were determined by examining the following files
437 in the linux kernel sources:
439 arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
440 - see SWI_SYS_SIGRETURN and SWI_SYS_RT_SIGRETURN
441 include/asm-arm/unistd.h
442 - see __NR_sigreturn, __NR_rt_sigreturn, and __NR_SYSCALL_BASE */
444 #define ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef900077
445 #define ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR 0xef9000ad
447 /* arm_linux_in_sigtramp determines if PC points at one of the
448 instructions which cause control to return to the Linux kernel upon
449 return from a signal handler. FUNC_NAME is unused. */
452 arm_linux_in_sigtramp (CORE_ADDR pc, char *func_name)
456 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
458 return (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
459 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR);
463 /* arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address returns the address in the
464 sigcontext of register REGNO given a stack pointer value SP and
465 program counter value PC. The value 0 is returned if PC is not
466 pointing at one of the signal return instructions or if REGNO is
467 not saved in the sigcontext struct. */
470 arm_linux_sigcontext_register_address (CORE_ADDR sp, CORE_ADDR pc, int regno)
473 CORE_ADDR reg_addr = 0;
475 inst = read_memory_integer (pc, 4);
477 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR
478 || inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
480 CORE_ADDR sigcontext_addr;
482 /* The sigcontext structure is at different places for the two
483 signal return instructions. For ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
484 it starts at the SP value. For ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR,
485 it is at SP+8. For the latter instruction, it may also be
486 the case that the address of this structure may be determined
487 by reading the 4 bytes at SP, but I'm not convinced this is
490 In any event, these magic constants (0 and 8) may be
491 determined by examining struct sigframe and struct
492 rt_sigframe in arch/arm/kernel/signal.c in the Linux kernel
495 if (inst == ARM_LINUX_RT_SIGRETURN_INSTR)
496 sigcontext_addr = sp + 8;
497 else /* inst == ARM_LINUX_SIGRETURN_INSTR */
498 sigcontext_addr = sp + 0;
500 /* The layout of the sigcontext structure for ARM GNU/Linux is
501 in include/asm-arm/sigcontext.h in the Linux kernel sources.
503 There are three 4-byte fields which precede the saved r0
504 field. (This accounts for the 12 in the code below.) The
505 sixteen registers (4 bytes per field) follow in order. The
506 PSR value follows the sixteen registers which accounts for
507 the constant 19 below. */
509 if (0 <= regno && regno <= ARM_PC_REGNUM)
510 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 12 + (4 * regno);
511 else if (regno == ARM_PS_REGNUM)
512 reg_addr = sigcontext_addr + 19 * 4;
519 arm_linux_init_abi (struct gdbarch_info info,
520 struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
522 struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch);
524 tdep->lowest_pc = 0x8000;
525 tdep->arm_breakpoint = arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint;
526 tdep->arm_breakpoint_size = sizeof (arm_linux_arm_le_breakpoint);
528 tdep->fp_model = ARM_FLOAT_FPA;
530 tdep->jb_pc = ARM_LINUX_JB_PC;
531 tdep->jb_elt_size = ARM_LINUX_JB_ELEMENT_SIZE;
533 set_gdbarch_call_dummy_words (gdbarch, arm_linux_call_dummy_words);
534 set_gdbarch_sizeof_call_dummy_words (gdbarch,
535 sizeof (arm_linux_call_dummy_words));
537 /* The following two overrides shouldn't be needed. */
538 set_gdbarch_deprecated_extract_return_value (gdbarch, arm_linux_extract_return_value);
539 set_gdbarch_deprecated_push_arguments (gdbarch, arm_linux_push_arguments);
541 /* Shared library handling. */
542 set_gdbarch_in_solib_call_trampoline (gdbarch, in_plt_section);
543 set_gdbarch_skip_trampoline_code (gdbarch, find_solib_trampoline_target);
547 _initialize_arm_linux_tdep (void)
549 gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_arm, 0, GDB_OSABI_LINUX,