2 @setfilename gdb-internals
4 This file documents the internals of the GNU debugger GDB.
6 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7 Contributed by Cygnus Support. Written by John Gilmore.
9 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
10 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
11 are preserved on all copies.
14 Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
15 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
16 notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
17 (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
20 Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
21 manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
22 regarded as a program in the language TeX).
25 @setchapternewpage odd
26 @settitle GDB Internals
28 @title{Working in GDB}
29 @subtitle{A guide to the internals of the GNU debugger}
31 @author Cygnus Support
34 \def\$#1${{#1}} % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
35 \xdef\manvers{\$Revision$} % For use in headers, footers too
37 \hfill Cygnus Support\par
39 \hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
43 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
44 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
46 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
47 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
48 are preserved on all copies.
52 @node Top, Cleanups, (dir), (dir)
56 * Wrapping:: Wrapping output lines
57 * Releases:: Configuring GDB for release
58 * README:: The README file
59 * New Architectures:: Defining a new host or target architecture
60 * Host versus Targt:: What features are in which files
64 @node Cleanups, Wrapping, Top, Top
67 Cleanups are a structured way to deal with things that need to be done
68 later. When your code does something (like malloc some memory, or open
69 a file) that needs to be undone later (e.g. free the memory or close
70 the file), it can make a cleanup. The cleanup will be done at some
71 future point: when the command is finished, when an error occurs, or
72 when your code decides it's time to do cleanups.
74 You can also discard cleanups, that is, throw them away without doing
75 what they say. This is only done if you ask that it be done.
80 @item old_chain = make_cleanup (function, arg);
81 This makes a cleanup which will cause FUNCTION to be called with ARG
82 (a char *) later. The result, OLD_CHAIN, is a handle that can be
83 passed to do_cleanups or discard_cleanups later. Unless you are
84 going to call do_cleanups or discard_cleanups yourself,
85 you can ignore the result from make_cleanup.
88 @item do_cleanups (old_chain);
89 Performs all cleanups done since make_cleanup returned OLD_CHAIN.
90 E.g.: make_cleanup (a, 0); old = make_cleanup (b, 0); do_cleanups (old);
91 will call b() but will not call a(). The cleanup that calls a() will remain
92 in the cleanup chain, and will be done later unless otherwise discarded.
94 @item discard_cleanups (old_chain);
95 Same as do_cleanups except that it just removes the cleanups from the
96 chain and does not call the specified functions.
100 Some functions, e.g. @code{fputs_filtered()} or @code{error()}, specify that they
101 ``should not be called when cleanups are not in place''. This means
102 that any actions you need to reverse in the case of an error or
103 interruption must be on the cleanup chain before you call these functions,
104 since they might never return to your code (they @samp{longjmp} instead).
107 @node Wrapping, Releases, Cleanups, Top
108 @chapter Wrapping output lines
110 Output that goes through printf_filtered or fputs_filtered or
111 fputs_demangled needs only to have calls to wrap_here() added
112 in places that would be good breaking points. The utility routines
113 will take care of actually wrapping if the line width is exceeded.
115 The argument to wrap_here() is an indentation string which is printed
116 ONLY if the line breaks there. This argument is saved away and used
117 later. It must remain valid until the next call to wrap_here() or
118 until a newline has been printed through the *_filtered functions.
119 Don't pass in a local variable and then return!
121 It is usually best to call wrap_here() after printing a comma or space.
122 If you call it before printing a space, make sure that your indentation
123 properly accounts for the leading space that will print if the line wraps
126 Any function or set of functions that produce filtered output must finish
127 by printing a newline, to flush the wrap buffer, before switching to
128 unfiltered ("printf") output. Symbol reading routines that print
129 warnings are a good example.
132 @node Releases, README, Wrapping, Top
133 @chapter Configuring GDB for release
136 GDB should be released after doing @samp{config.gdb none} in the top level
137 directory. This will leave a makefile there, but no tm- or xm- files.
138 The makefile is needed, for example, for @samp{make gdb.tar.Z}@dots{} If you
139 have tm- or xm-files in the main source directory, C's include rules
140 cause them to be used in preference to tm- and xm-files in the
141 subdirectories where the user will actually configure and build the
144 @samp{config.gdb none} is also a good way to rebuild the top level Makefile
145 after changing Makefile.dist, alldeps.mak, etc.
149 @node README, New Architectures, Releases, Top
150 @chapter The README file
153 Check the README file, it often has useful information that does not
154 appear anywhere else in the directory.
158 @node New Architectures, Host versus Target, README, Top
159 @chapter Defining a new host or target architecture
162 When building support for a new host and/or target, this will help you
163 organize where to put the various parts. @var{ARCH} stands for the
164 architecture involved.
166 Object files needed when the host system is an @var{ARCH} are listed in
167 the file @file{xconfig/@var{ARCH}}, in the Makefile macro @samp{XDEPFILES
168 = }@dots{}. You can also define XXXXXX in there.
170 There are some ``generic'' versions of routines that can be used by
171 various host systems. If these routines work for the @var{ARCH} host,
172 you can just include the generic file's name (with .o, not .c) in
173 @code{XDEPFILES}. Otherwise, you will need to write routines that
174 perform the same functions as the generic file, put them into
175 @code{@var{ARCH}-xdep.c}, and put @code{@var{ARCH}-xdep.o} into
176 @code{XDEPFILES}. These generic host support files include:
183 @item fetch_core_registers()
184 Support for reading registers out of a core file. This routine calls
185 @code{register_addr(}), see below.
187 @item register_addr()
188 If your @code{xm-@var{ARCH}.h} file defines the macro @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR(reg)} to be the
189 offset within the @samp{user} struct of a register (represented as a GDB
190 register number), @file{coredep.c} will define the @code{register_addr()} function
191 and use the macro in it. If you do not define @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR}, but
192 you are using the standard @code{fetch_core_registers}, you
193 will need to define your own version of @code{register_addr}, put it into
194 your @code{@var{ARCH}-xdep.c} file, and be sure @code{@var{ARCH}-xdep.o} is in the @code{XDEPFILES} list.
195 If you have your own @code{fetch_core_registers}, you only need to define
196 @code{register_addr} if your @code{fetch_core_registers} calls it. Many custom
197 @code{fetch_core_registers} implementations simply locate the registers
201 Files needed when the target system is an @var{ARCH} are listed in the file
202 @file{tconfig/@var{ARCH}}, in the @code{Makefile} macro @samp{TDEPFILES = }@dots{}. You can also
203 define XXXXXX in there.
205 Similar generic support files for target systems are:
211 This file defines functions for accessing files that are executable
212 on the target system. These functions open and examine an exec file,
213 extract data from one, write data to one, print information about one,
214 etc. Now that executable files are handled with BFD, every architecture
215 should be able to use the generic exec.c rather than its own custom code.
217 @node Host versus Target, , README, Top
218 @chapter What is considered ``host-dependent'' versus ``target-dependent''?
220 The xconfig/*, xm-*.h and *-xdep.c files are for host support. The
221 question is, what features or aspects of a debugging or cross-debugging
222 environment are considered to be ``host'' support.
224 Defines and include files needed to build on the host are host support.
225 Examples are tty support, system defined types, host byte order, host
228 Unix child process support is considered an aspect of the host. Since
229 when you fork on the host you are still on the host, the various macros
230 needed for finding the registers in the upage, running ptrace, and such
231 are all in the host-dependent files.
233 This is still somewhat of a grey area; I (John Gilmore) didn't do the
234 xm- and tm- split for gdb (it was done by Jim Kingdon) so I have had to
235 figure out the grounds on which it was split, and make my own choices
236 as I evolve it. I have moved many things out of the xdep files
237 actually, partly as a result of BFD and partly by removing duplicated