1 /* alloca.c -- allocate automatically reclaimed memory
2 (Mostly) portable public-domain implementation -- D A Gwyn
4 This implementation of the PWB library alloca function,
5 which is used to allocate space off the run-time stack so
6 that it is automatically reclaimed upon procedure exit,
7 was inspired by discussions with J. Q. Johnson of Cornell.
10 There are some preprocessor constants that can
11 be defined when compiling for your specific system, for
12 improved efficiency; however, the defaults should be okay.
14 The general concept of this implementation is to keep
15 track of all alloca-allocated blocks, and reclaim any
16 that are found to be deeper in the stack than the current
17 invocation. This heuristic does not reclaim storage as
18 soon as it becomes invalid, but it will do so eventually.
20 As a special case, alloca(0) reclaims storage without
21 allocating any. It is a good idea to use alloca(0) in
22 your main control loop, etc. to force garbage collection. */
26 @deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t)
28 This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed
29 after the procedure exits. The @libib{} implementation does not free
30 the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent
31 calls to this function. Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under
34 The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the
35 GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make
36 available this function. The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that
37 client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf
38 manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including
39 the possibility of a GCC builtin function.
49 #include <libiberty.h>
58 /* These variables are used by the ASTRDUP implementation that relies
60 const char *libiberty_optr;
62 unsigned long libiberty_len;
64 /* If your stack is a linked list of frames, you have to
65 provide an "address metric" ADDRESS_FUNCTION macro. */
67 #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
68 static long i00afunc ();
69 #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) (char *) i00afunc (&(arg))
71 #define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) &(arg)
78 /* Define STACK_DIRECTION if you know the direction of stack
79 growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically
82 STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses
83 STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses
84 STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */
86 #ifndef STACK_DIRECTION
87 #define STACK_DIRECTION 0 /* Direction unknown. */
90 #if STACK_DIRECTION != 0
92 #define STACK_DIR STACK_DIRECTION /* Known at compile-time. */
94 #else /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0; need run-time code. */
96 static int stack_dir; /* 1 or -1 once known. */
97 #define STACK_DIR stack_dir
100 find_stack_direction ()
102 static char *addr = NULL; /* Address of first `dummy', once known. */
103 auto char dummy; /* To get stack address. */
106 { /* Initial entry. */
107 addr = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy);
109 find_stack_direction (); /* Recurse once. */
114 if (ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy) > addr)
115 stack_dir = 1; /* Stack grew upward. */
117 stack_dir = -1; /* Stack grew downward. */
121 #endif /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0 */
123 /* An "alloca header" is used to:
124 (a) chain together all alloca'ed blocks;
125 (b) keep track of stack depth.
127 It is very important that sizeof(header) agree with malloc
128 alignment chunk size. The following default should work okay. */
131 #define ALIGN_SIZE sizeof(double)
136 char align[ALIGN_SIZE]; /* To force sizeof(header). */
139 union hdr *next; /* For chaining headers. */
140 char *deep; /* For stack depth measure. */
144 static header *last_alloca_header = NULL; /* -> last alloca header. */
146 /* Return a pointer to at least SIZE bytes of storage,
147 which will be automatically reclaimed upon exit from
148 the procedure that called alloca. Originally, this space
149 was supposed to be taken from the current stack frame of the
150 caller, but that method cannot be made to work for some
151 implementations of C, for example under Gould's UTX/32. */
157 auto char probe; /* Probes stack depth: */
158 register char *depth = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (probe);
160 #if STACK_DIRECTION == 0
161 if (STACK_DIR == 0) /* Unknown growth direction. */
162 find_stack_direction ();
165 /* Reclaim garbage, defined as all alloca'd storage that
166 was allocated from deeper in the stack than currently. */
169 register header *hp; /* Traverses linked list. */
171 for (hp = last_alloca_header; hp != NULL;)
172 if ((STACK_DIR > 0 && hp->h.deep > depth)
173 || (STACK_DIR < 0 && hp->h.deep < depth))
175 register header *np = hp->h.next;
177 free ((PTR) hp); /* Collect garbage. */
179 hp = np; /* -> next header. */
182 break; /* Rest are not deeper. */
184 last_alloca_header = hp; /* -> last valid storage. */
188 return NULL; /* No allocation required. */
190 /* Allocate combined header + user data storage. */
193 register PTR new = xmalloc (sizeof (header) + size);
194 /* Address of header. */
199 ((header *) new)->h.next = last_alloca_header;
200 ((header *) new)->h.deep = depth;
202 last_alloca_header = (header *) new;
204 /* User storage begins just after header. */
206 return (PTR) ((char *) new + sizeof (header));
210 #if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
212 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
219 /* Stack structures for CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, and CRAY Y-MP */
220 struct stack_control_header
222 long shgrow:32; /* Number of times stack has grown. */
223 long shaseg:32; /* Size of increments to stack. */
224 long shhwm:32; /* High water mark of stack. */
225 long shsize:32; /* Current size of stack (all segments). */
228 /* The stack segment linkage control information occurs at
229 the high-address end of a stack segment. (The stack
230 grows from low addresses to high addresses.) The initial
231 part of the stack segment linkage control information is
232 0200 (octal) words. This provides for register storage
233 for the routine which overflows the stack. */
235 struct stack_segment_linkage
237 long ss[0200]; /* 0200 overflow words. */
238 long sssize:32; /* Number of words in this segment. */
239 long ssbase:32; /* Offset to stack base. */
241 long sspseg:32; /* Offset to linkage control of previous
244 long sstcpt:32; /* Pointer to task common address block. */
245 long sscsnm; /* Private control structure number for
247 long ssusr1; /* Reserved for user. */
248 long ssusr2; /* Reserved for user. */
249 long sstpid; /* Process ID for pid based multi-tasking. */
250 long ssgvup; /* Pointer to multitasking thread giveup. */
251 long sscray[7]; /* Reserved for Cray Research. */
271 /* The following structure defines the vector of words
272 returned by the STKSTAT library routine. */
275 long now; /* Current total stack size. */
276 long maxc; /* Amount of contiguous space which would
277 be required to satisfy the maximum
278 stack demand to date. */
279 long high_water; /* Stack high-water mark. */
280 long overflows; /* Number of stack overflow ($STKOFEN) calls. */
281 long hits; /* Number of internal buffer hits. */
282 long extends; /* Number of block extensions. */
283 long stko_mallocs; /* Block allocations by $STKOFEN. */
284 long underflows; /* Number of stack underflow calls ($STKRETN). */
285 long stko_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKRETN. */
286 long stkm_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKMRET. */
287 long segments; /* Current number of stack segments. */
288 long maxs; /* Maximum number of stack segments so far. */
289 long pad_size; /* Stack pad size. */
290 long current_address; /* Current stack segment address. */
291 long current_size; /* Current stack segment size. This
292 number is actually corrupted by STKSTAT to
293 include the fifteen word trailer area. */
294 long initial_address; /* Address of initial segment. */
295 long initial_size; /* Size of initial segment. */
298 /* The following structure describes the data structure which trails
299 any stack segment. I think that the description in 'asdef' is
300 out of date. I only describe the parts that I am sure about. */
304 long this_address; /* Address of this block. */
305 long this_size; /* Size of this block (does not include
309 long link; /* Address of trailer block of previous
324 #endif /* not CRAY_STACK */
327 /* Determine a "stack measure" for an arbitrary ADDRESS.
328 I doubt that "lint" will like this much. */
331 i00afunc (long *address)
333 struct stk_stat status;
334 struct stk_trailer *trailer;
338 /* We want to iterate through all of the segments. The first
339 step is to get the stack status structure. We could do this
340 more quickly and more directly, perhaps, by referencing the
341 $LM00 common block, but I know that this works. */
345 /* Set up the iteration. */
347 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) (status.current_address
348 + status.current_size
351 /* There must be at least one stack segment. Therefore it is
352 a fatal error if "trailer" is null. */
357 /* Discard segments that do not contain our argument address. */
361 block = (long *) trailer->this_address;
362 size = trailer->this_size;
363 if (block == 0 || size == 0)
365 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
366 if ((block <= address) && (address < (block + size)))
370 /* Set the result to the offset in this segment and add the sizes
371 of all predecessor segments. */
373 result = address - block;
382 if (trailer->this_size <= 0)
384 result += trailer->this_size;
385 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
387 while (trailer != 0);
389 /* We are done. Note that if you present a bogus address (one
390 not in any segment), you will get a different number back, formed
391 from subtracting the address of the first block. This is probably
392 not what you want. */
397 #else /* not CRAY2 */
398 /* Stack address function for a CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, or CRAY Y-MP.
399 Determine the number of the cell within the stack,
400 given the address of the cell. The purpose of this
401 routine is to linearize, in some sense, stack addresses
405 i00afunc (long address)
409 long size, pseg, this_segment, stack;
412 struct stack_segment_linkage *ssptr;
414 /* Register B67 contains the address of the end of the
415 current stack segment. If you (as a subprogram) store
416 your registers on the stack and find that you are past
417 the contents of B67, you have overflowed the segment.
419 B67 also points to the stack segment linkage control
420 area, which is what we are really interested in. */
422 stkl = CRAY_STACKSEG_END ();
423 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
425 /* If one subtracts 'size' from the end of the segment,
426 one has the address of the first word of the segment.
428 If this is not the first segment, 'pseg' will be
431 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
432 size = ssptr->sssize;
434 this_segment = stkl - size;
436 /* It is possible that calling this routine itself caused
437 a stack overflow. Discard stack segments which do not
438 contain the target address. */
440 while (!(this_segment <= address && address <= stkl))
442 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
443 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o %011o\n", this_segment, address, stkl);
448 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
449 size = ssptr->sssize;
450 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
451 this_segment = stkl - size;
454 result = address - this_segment;
456 /* If you subtract pseg from the current end of the stack,
457 you get the address of the previous stack segment's end.
458 This seems a little convoluted to me, but I'll bet you save
459 a cycle somewhere. */
463 #ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
464 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o\n", pseg, size);
467 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
468 size = ssptr->sssize;
469 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
475 #endif /* not CRAY2 */